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Ficha País De Seychelles OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Seychelles República de Seychelles La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios, no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. ABRIL 2021 El Parlamento, unicameral, es la Asamblea Nacional. Cuenta con 35 miem- Islas bros, de los cuales 26 son elegidos por votación popular y los 9 restantes son nombrados proporcionalmente según el porcentaje de votos de cada partido. Seychelles Su mandato también es de 5 años. Las últimas elecciones tuvieron lugar en los días 22-24 de octubre de 2020. Una coalición de partidos de la oposi- ción bajo el nombre de “Lynion Demokratik Seselwa” (Unión Democrática de Seychelles) obtuvo la victoria reemplazando al partido en el poder del antiguo presidente Danny Faure, United Seychelles. Hasta las elecciones de 2016, el People’s Party tenía todos los escaños del Parlamento, por el boicot de la oposición a las elecciones de 2011. El resultado final fue: LDS: 54.84%: 20 escaños más 5 (uno por cada diez por ciento de votos):25 escaños. US: 42,35% 6 escaños más 4 (uno por cada diez por ciento de votos): 10 escaños. División Administrativa: Seychelles se divide en 23 distritos administrativos: Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand’ Anse (en la isla de Mahe), Grand’ Anse (en la isla de Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La © Ocina de Información Diplomática. Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis yTakamaka. Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas ocialmente. 1.2. Geografía 1. DATOS BÁSICOS Seychelles es un estado archipiélago situado en el Océano Índico y compues- to por 115 islas divididas en dos grandes grupos. El primero está compuesto 1.1. Características generales por un conjunto de 42 islas de origen granítico, que reúnen el 54% de la superficie del país y el 98% de la población. En este grupo están las tres Nombre Oficial: República de Seychelles mayores islas de Seychelles, Mahé, La Digue y Praslin. El segundo grupo, Superficie: 455 km² está formado por cinco conjuntos de islas de origen coralino. Límites: Seychelles es un estado archipielágico situado en el Océano Índico y compuesto por 115 islas e islotes. Está ubicado a unos 1.000 km. al noroes- El punto más alto de las Seychelles es el Morne Seychellois de 905 m, en la te de Madagascar, y a unos 1.600km al este de Tanzania, Kenia y Somalia. Isla de Mahé, la mayor y más habitada de todas las que integran Seychelles. Población: 100.000 habitantes Capital: Victoria (28.000 habitantes) El clima local es tropical, templado y bastante húmedo por la influencia del Idioma: Créole (idioma oficial, 89,1%), inglés (idioma oficial, 5,1%), francés mar. La media anual de temperaturas está en 26ºC y la estación de las lluvias (idioma oficial, 0,7%), otros 3,8% se extiende de diciembre a marzo. Moneda: Rupia de Seychelles (SR) = 100 céntimos (media 2018: 1 US$=13.91 SR) 1.3. Indicadores sociales Religión: Catolicismo (76,2%), Protestantismo (10,5%, mayoritariamente Iglesia Anglicana), Hinduismo (2,4%), Islam (1,6%). Densidad de población (hab. por km2): 210,4 Forma del Estado: Seychelles es una República Presidencialista Unitaria, Renta per cápita: 15.670$ (27.310$ PPP). independiente del Reino Unido desde 1976. Se rige por la Constitución de Coeficiente GINI:46,8 1993. El presidente es tanto jefe del Estado como cabeza de Gobierno y es Tasa de analfabetismo: 4,1% elegido por sufragio universal por un periodo de cinco años. Las últimas elec- Tasa de natalidad: 17 ciones presidenciales tuvieron lugar en octubre de 2020, siendo elegido como Esperanza de vida: 73 años presidente Wavel Ramkalawan, del Partido Nacional de Seychelles (“SNP”) IDH valor numérico (nº orden mundial) 0,797 (62º) que obtuvo el 54,91 % de los votos, evitando una segunda vuelta electoral. Tasa de fertilidad: 2,4 2 FICHA PAÍS SEYCHELLES 1.4. Estructura Producto Interior Bruto. 2018 Seychelles Democratic Part, y primer ministro Albert René, líder del Seyche- lles People’s Progressive Front. DISTRIBUCIÓN POR SECTORES %PIB Agricultura 2,5% El presidente Manchan fue depuesto durante un golpe de estado el 5 de junio Industria 13,8% de 1977. Albert René accedió a la Presidencia, suspendió la Constitución, Servicios 83,7% (55% sector turismo) disolvió el Parlamento y gobernó por decreto hasta junio de 1979, cuando se adoptó una nueva Constitución. René gobernó el país mediante un sistema 1.5. Coyuntura económica monopartidista, de corte marxista, hasta que en 1991 anunció la adopción de un sistema político multipartidista. La Constitución fue enmendada en INDICADORES ECONÓMICOS 2018 diciembre de 1991 y los exilados políticos, entre ellos el primer presidente, PIB (US $ bn) 1,59 Jamen Manchan regresaron a lo largo de 1992. PIB % crecimiento real 3,6 Tasa de inflación 4,1 La nueva Constitución fue aprobada en referéndum en junio de 1993. Balanza c/c m. mill. $ -312 Tipo de cambio medio 13.91 (Rupias de Seychelles por US$) Las primeras elecciones multipartidistas –presidenciales y legislativas- tuvie- Exportación de bienes FOB (US $ m) 564,2 ron lugar en julio de 1993. El ganador fue Albert René y el Seychelles People’s Importación de bienes FOB (US $ m) 1150,3 Progressive Front, SPPF. El Seychelles Democratic Part, de James Manchan, Superávit presupuestario -0,5% quedó en segundo lugar y la coallición United Opposition en tercer lugar. Deuda Pública 59.7% PIB Deuda externa 897 miles de millones US$ Las elecciones de 1998 fueron de nuevo ganadas por René y el SPPF. 1.6. Comercio exterior Las elecciones de 2003 también dieron la victoria y la Presidencia a Albert René, esta vez frente a Wavel Rankalawan, al frente del Seychelles National ESTRUCTURA DE LA BALANZA COMERCIAL (US $ M) 2018 Party - el Partido Democrático y United Opposition se fusionaron en este Importación FOB -1.233,8 nuevo partido, dejando Manchan el liderazgo político de la oposición-. Exportación FOB 461,2 Saldo -269,4 En 2004, como consecuencia de la dimisión del presidente René por motivos Cobertura 48,2 de salud, el vicepresidente James Michel fue investido presidente. Michel im- pulsó una transición suave hacia una democracia pluripartidista y una econo- 1.7. Distribución del comercio por países mía liberal (tras 27 años de régimen de orientación marxista). Su triunfo en las elecciones presidenciales de 2006, con un 53,7% de los votos en la primera PRINCIPALES CLIENTES % DEL TOTAL vuelta, confirmó su popularidad, así como la bipolarización de la vida política EAU: 28,5 en torno a dos partidos: el Seychelles People’s Progressive Front – rebautizado Francia 24 como Partido Lepep, Partido Popular, en junio de 2009- y el Seychelles Natio- Reino Unido 13,8 nal Party, partido de oposición dirigido por Wavel Ramkalawan. Italia 8,9 Alemania 4,6 James Michel fue reelegido presidente en las elecciones de mayo de 2011, con un 55.5% de los votos. En julio de 2011 se procedió a la disolución de PRINCIPALES PROVEEDORES % DEL TOTAL la Cámara y a la convocatoria de elecciones legislativas anticipadas para el EAU 13,4 mes de septiembre de 2011. La convocatoria fue frontalmente contestada España 10,1 por la oposición, a causa de las circunstancias que favorecieron la convocato- Francia 8,8 ria. Finalmente, argumentando que las reformas electorales propuestas por la España 5,7 Commonwealth tras la celebración de las elecciones presidenciales no habían Sudáfrica 5 sido llevadas a la práctica, la oposición decidió boicotear las elecciones y no presentar ningún candidato. El único partido de oposición que concurrió a las 1.8. Distribución del comercio por productos mismas, el People’s Democratic Movement, no consiguió obtener ningún es- caño en esas elecciones. Por consiguiente, el Partido Lepep consiguió obtener PRINCIPALES EXPORTACIONES 2018 US $ M. el 100 % de los 34 escaños. En la misma noche de cierre de las elecciones, Conservas de pescado 284,7 el presidente Michel su compromiso de abrir un proceso de diálogo político. Pescado congelado y fresco 258.2 Aceites de petróleo 11,5 Las últimas elecciones presidenciales tuvieron lugar en diciembre de 2015, siendo reelegido por muy escaso margen James Michel, frente a Wavel Ra- PRINCIPALES IMPORTACIONES 2018 US $ M. mkalawan. En noviembre de 2016 el presidente Michel dimitió de su cargo, Aceites de petróleo 206.7 siendo nombrado presidente el hasta entonces vicepresidente, Danny Faure, Pescado comestible y congelado 158.8 que nombró a Vincent Mériton como vicepresidente y recompuso el Gobierno, Yates y embarcaciones 102.3 perdiendo las elecciones de octubre de 2020. 2. SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA Miembros del Gobierno (noviembre 2020) Presidente y ministro de Defensa, Salud, Administración Pública y Asuntos Le- 2.1. Política Interior gales: Sr. Wavel Ramkalawan Vicepresidente: Sr. Ahmed Afif Seychelles accedió a la independencia del Reino Unido el 29 de junio Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores y Turismo: Sr. Sylvestre Radegonde de 1976, siendo nombrado primer presidente James Manchan, líder del Ministro del Interior: Sr. Charles Errol Fonseka 3 FICHA PAÍS SEYCHELLES Ministro de Territorio y Vivienda: Sr. Billy Rang asamy El 26 de octubre de 2020, el Sr. Wavel Ramkalawan prestó juramento como Ministra de Sanidad: Sra. Peggy Antoinette Vidot presidente de la República de Seychelles. Ministro de Transporte, transporte terrestre, aviación civil, puertos y marinas: Sr. Antony Gerard Derjacques Vicepresidente, Sr.
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