Landscaping Without Harmful Invasive Plants

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Landscaping without harmful invasive plants A guide to plants you can use in place of invasive non-natives Supported by: This guide, produced by the wild plant conservation Landscaping charity Plantlife and the Royal Horticultural without Society, can help you choose plants that are less likely to cause problems to the environment harmful should they escape from your planting area. Even the most careful land managers cannot invasive ensure that their plants do not escape and plants establish in nearby habitats (as berries and seeds may be carried away by birds or the wind), so we hope you will ﬁ nd this helpful. A few popular landscaping plants can cause problems for you / your clients and the environment. These are known as

lslslslsl Under the Wildlife and Countryside

invasive non-native plants. Although they comprise a small n enaenaenaena

r Rr Rr RrR Act, it is an offence to plant, or cause to minority of the 70,000 or so plant varieties available, the o evoevoevoevoe damage they can do is extensive and may be irreversible. TT grow in the wild, a number of invasive ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©T©T non-native plants. Government also has powers to ban the sale of invasive Some invasive non-native plants might be plants. At the time of producing this straightforward for you (or your clients) to keep in booklet there were no sales bans, but check if you can tend to the planted area often, but it is worth checking on the websites An unsuspecting sheep fl ounders in a in the wider countryside, where such management river. Invasive Floating Pennywort can below to fi nd the latest legislation is not feasible, these plants can establish and cause cause water to appear as solid ground. that may be relevant to you: problems for native plants and animals. Trying to Department for Environment get rid of problem plants from natural habitats, Food and Rural Affairs especially sites of nature conservation importance, is www.defra.gov.uk expensive and diffi cult. Often complete eradication Scottish Government of an invasive plant from the wild becomes impossible, www.scotland.gov.uk/invasivespecies and many hundreds of thousands of pounds are spent each year in an effort to limit their spread. These websites provide more information about invasive plants and their management: Other invasive non-native plants will cause problems in their Plantlife amenity setting too, quickly outgrowing their space and www.plantlife.org.uk becoming diffi cult to keep under control. If invasive plants are Royal Horticultural Society used in water features, they can present an additional hazard www.rhs.org.uk as rampant growth can make water appear as solid ground Non-Native Species Secretariat and so be dangerous to unsuspecting children or animals. www.nonnativespecies.org

2 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 3 How to use this guide CONTENTS Our suggested plants are divided into eight sections PAGE Your choice of plant often refl ects what you want to do – for example create Groundcover plants 6 a stunning visual display in a public park, or provide a barrier to discourage Naturalising plants & bulbs 8 use of a certain area. Here we try to suggest non-invasive plants for a Architectural plants 11 variety of different landscaping occasions and cultivation conditions. Shrubs 14 Invasive plants have sometimes been used in the past for those diffi cult areas Climbers / Wall cover 21 of landscaping, like when a bare wall needs to be covered quickly or soil needs to be stabilised. Meanwhile plants for other aspects of landscaping, such as Trees 23 summer bedding, are unlikely to be invasive. This booklet covers those areas Pond & bog garden plants 27 of landscaping where, traditionally, invasive plants have most been used. Plants for wildlife 32 For example, some cotoneasters used for background screening and Cultivation chart & index 36 groundcover are now displaying invasive tendencies in the wild and have been Within each section the recommended plants cover a range of different sites added to Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act. We suggest safer and cultivation requirements. For example, we list shrubs which offer spring or plants you can try instead in the 'Shrubs' and 'Groundcover plants' sections. summer fl owers or stunning autumn colours, shrubs that are good for hedging or providing background structure to your borders, and shrubs for sunny or shady spots.

Although the plants we suggest shouldn’t cause you undue problems, no matter which plants you use, you/your client will KEY TO need to manage your planted areas at regular intervals. Tolerant of Needs sun Needs alkaline Needs acid Needs Needs SYMBOLS shade conditions conditions drier soils wetter soils Please remember that ALL excess plant matter should be / low light levels disposed of responsibly. The Be Plant Wise website has more information about safe disposal of plant matter: Fast Attractive Attractive Fine Bears Background Low Windbreak Provides growing ﬂ owers foliage autumn ornamental structure / barrier shelter/cover www.nonnativespecies.org/beplantwise colours fruit screening / hedge for wildlife

BOG Berries Nectar Needs Needs Submerged Floating Marginal / Bog garden for birds source rich soil poor soil aquatic plant aquatic plant emergent plant Credits aquatic plant Images used under Creative Commons licences (1-7): Attribution 2.0 Generic Symbols under each plant highlight particular conditions the plant Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic Attribution-Noncommercial 2.0 Generic requires (for example, wet, dry, acid or alkaline soils, or full sun). Plants Attribution-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic able to grow in shade are also indicated. A plant with no symbols is able Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic to cope with a broad range of conditions. The index at the back of this Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Spain booklet provides full details of each plant’s cultivation tolerances. Images used under GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 Front cover image © Martin McCarthey-iStockphoto Inside layout design by Andrew Evans

4 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 5 Groundcover plants Groundcover plants Erosion control Calluna vulgaris Bergenia cordifolia & hybrids

Heather en Elephant-ears d Native f ee fefefefefefef iiii li

tlitlitlitlitlitttttt Variable shrub to 60cm with tiny, densely packed leaves and Robust perennials spreading on thick, branching rhizomes. n anananaaa lanlanlanlanlanlalalalallll bell-shaped, often pink ﬂ owers. A great range of cultivars Leaves are large, glossy and paddle-like and purple-tinged PPP

g/Pg/Pg/Pg/Pg/Pg/Pg/ggg selected for ﬂ ower and foliage characters is available. A

nnnnnnnnn in winter. The fl owers are usually in shades of pink, borne on yn Botanic Gar LonLonLonLonLonLoLLL good option for erosion control at inland sites. on fl eshy stems. Good for sheltered sites. kl h ah ah ah ah ahaaaaaa r ororoo borborborborbobobobbo e DeDeDeDeDeDDD ora Broo ora l ©De©De©De©De©De©De©De©De©De ©Uli Lorimer Curator o Curator ©Uli Lorimer F Ligustrum vulgare Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Wild Privet Hardy Plumbago Hardy semi-evergreen shrub to 3m with narrowly oval, Rhizomatous perennial, woody at the base with wavy- rrrrr om shiny leaves. Spikes of white fl owers are followed by small margined, bright green leaves (to 10cm long) turning red e comcomcomcomcomcomc s ydeyde rs.rs.rs.rs.rs.rsrsrr black fruit. in autumn. Produces clusters of bright blue fl owers in late Sn Sn oweoweoweoweoo

summer. Good for exposed sites. ferferferferfe flfl ii dfldfldfldfldfldfld nin ll nninnnnnnnnnnnnnn wilwilwilwilwilwilwilwilwilwww kkk uk ©Je©Je©Je©Je©Je©Je©J©©©©©©© ©uk©uk©uk©uk©uk©uk SSSSSSSSSSS

HHHHHHHHH Prunus spinosa 'Plena' Leucothoe fontanesiana RR /RH/RH/RH/R/R/R dd Double Blackthorn Drooping Laurel ard ppppppp pp epep Shrub to about 4m with spiny branches and double, white Shrub to 2m or so with arching branches carrying evergreen, Sh Sh Sh ﬂ owers in March and April. ol leathery, lance-shaped leaves and small white ﬂ owers in rolrolrolrr aa

C spring. Variegated cultivars are available. Needs a sheltered ©Ca© eseses

position. n JonJonJon ddy An ©An©An©© /

m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/m/mmmmm Rhamnus cathartica Pachysandra terminalis coccccc .co.co.co.c.c.c.c.c. mmmmmm

krkk Buckthorn Carpet Box ckrckrckrckr comcomcom i i fliflflflfl n. ss rsrsrsrsrsrsr en.en.enenenenee

www Dense-growing, spiny shrub to 6m with glossy, dark green Evergreen perennial spreading on smooth stems from arsarsars ww. ww. ww. wwwwwww tt ststst ard ard ard a wwwwww

_st leaves turning yellow in autumn. Yellowish fl owers in spring which are produced deeply cut, glossy, dark green leaves. g r w egegegee aegaeaeaeaeae _of_o are followed by spherical fruit in autumn, red turning Small white fl owers are produced in early summer. rr yloyloylo aaaa aaaaaaaa sbrsbrsbrsbr TaTaTaTaTaTaTaTaT eaneaneaneaneaeaeaeaee black. T inginginginiii ocococo /oc/oc/oc/oc/oc/oc/o/o/o///// k onononononooo .k.k.k ssssss w.kw.k osososoo monmomomomomomom tostostostostostostostostototo aa o ho ©Da©Da©D©D phophophophophophophophophophophop ©ww©ww©w©w Ulex europaeus Salix repens var. argentea Gorse Creeping Willow Rounded shrub of dense habit to 2.5m bearing very spiny Prostrate, spreading shrub with oval, silky green leaves that S kov stems which carry bright yellow pea fl owers throughout are silver beneath. Produces yellow catkins in spring. Good Sel much of the year. for exposed, sunny sites. /RH ne ne ips ll i Ge h ©Ge P y rr ©Ba 6 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 7 Naturalising plants Groundcover plants & bulbs

Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis Crocus chrysanthus Christmas Box Golden Crocus e Low-growing, suckering shrub grown for its glossy, dark Cormous perennial to 5cm with ﬂ owers which can vary in

green, narrow leaves and small but fragrant, pink-tinged colour from pale cream to deep yellow, often with a purplish er gg white ﬂ owers produced in winter. The ﬂ owers are followed suffusion on the exterior. gg Bar

her Whitehous by dark, shiny fruit. p ei m h i h S ©

©Christo Spring Stachys byzantina Crocus nudiﬂ orus Lamb's-ear Autumn Crocus Spreading perennial to 45cm tall with elliptic leaves to Spreading, cormous perennial to 20cm. Its purple ﬂ owers

m 10cm which are covered in thick white wool. Small pinkish with a long tube are produced before the narrow leaves.

ﬂ owers are carried on woolly stems in summer and autumn. nnn Good for sunny, exposed sites. onononononooo m owers.co ﬂ SimSimSimSimSimSimSimSi n anananan ananaa oooooo Jo ©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo

©ukwild Autumn Colchicum autumnale Crocus tommasinianus Meadow Saffron Early Crocus

Cormous perennial producing copious pink, goblet-shaped Variable cormous perennial to 10cm with pale-striped rr e jj jj ijeijeijijeijeijeij fl owers (to 15cm), followed by lance-shaped leaves. Double- linear leaves and fl owers which can be pale lilac to deep ototot fl owered cultivars are available. lmelmelmlmll aaa ullululululu purple. DaDa B Da Da Da dd e Be Be Be ed p redred pp ippippipipipipipii ll anfanfananaa illillillillillillil M PhPhPh ©Ph©Ph©Ph©©© Autumn Spring ©JM©JM©JM©JM©JM©JM©JM©JM©J© Colchicum speciosum Cyclamen coum

SSSSSSSSSSSSSS Giant Meadow Saffron Eastern Sowbread HHHHH RHRR /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R Vigorous, cormous perennial to 18cm with narrow leaves. Tuberous perennial to 8cm with silver-patterned, rounded, shshshs rshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrsrsrsr a Goblet-shaped ﬂ owers are pink-purple, often with a white deep green leaves and ﬂ owers in shades of pink with swept mamammm Naturalising plants & bulbs Naturalising hmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhhh

throat. back tepals. tctct y itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcititcitcitcitii TTTTT m Tm Tm Tm TmTm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm TmTmTm TmTmTmmmmmmm aaaaaa hahahahahh ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahahahahah r GrGrGrGrGrGG Ann Van Ro Ann Van ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©©©©©©© Spring

Autumn © Crocus biﬂ orus Cyclamen hederifolium Silvery Crocus Sowbread 070707070

Variable cormous perennial to 6cm carrying ﬂ owers which Tuberous perennial producing waxy heart-shaped or nn 202 20 2 2 aa

ntintintinti have yellow throats and can be found in shades of blue or

triangular leaves with pale patterning. The ﬂ owers are in riariaria u gugg QuiQuiQuiQuQ white, sometimes with purple striping. shades of pink, borne singly on upright stems and have igu e e he hehehehehe y Ly yy ygyg

pppp twisted, swept back tepals. na na na toptopt s risris scascasca o Ch To ©Ch©Ch©Ch Spring Autumn ©To ©T©T©T©T©© 8 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 9 Naturalising plants Architectural plants & bulbs Grasses & bamboos l

el Digitalis purpurea Ampelodesmos mauritanica

ckw Foxglove Diss Grass bla /tj

s Biennial forming a neat rosette of hairy leaves in the ﬁ rst Impressive grass to 3m with arching, evergren foliage and tos year followed in the second by graceful, one-sided spikes tall stems bearing pendant ﬂ owers. pho aaaaaaa ll

to 2m of tubular, purple ﬂ owers with maroon spots on the ra ura ura ura ura ura ura ura ura ura ura ura ur om/

inside. n r.c endendendendendendendendendendendendendee lackwe n enenenenenen ick

.ﬂ menmenmenmenmenmenmenmemmmmm m B e XXXX To ww ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©Xe ©X© © w Echium vulgare Astelia chathamica Viper's-bugloss Silver Spear

Bushy biennial bearing bristly, narrow leaves and in the Clump-forming perennial to 1.2m tall bearing clumps of SSSSSSSS RHR second year purple, pink-tinged, bell-shaped fl owers in broad, channelled, silvery leaves. Yellowish green fl owers /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R yyy nynynynnn ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard a onyonyonyonyonyonyonyonyonyonyonyoooooooooooo dense infl orescences. are sometimes produced and followed by orange berries. h pp ththththththth eppeppeppeppeppeppeppep nthnthnthnthnthnthntnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn h A ShShSh t At At At AtAtAt At At AtAt Attttt Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh rrr ololololol arararaa rolrol uaruaruaruaruaruaruaruaruaruaruaruaruaruaruauaua aa St ©Ca©Ca©Ca©C ©St©St©St©St©St©St©©©© Fritillara meleagris Chusquea culeou Snake's-head Fritillary Chilean Bamboo Bulbous perennial to 30cm with delicate stems that carry Erect, clump-forming bamboo with solid, yellow-green heavy, pendant fl owers (to 4.5cm long). The fl owers are in stems growing to 6m in ideal conditions with a spread of

aaaaaa shades of pinkish purple with dark checkering. 2.5m. irir LirLirLirLirLiLiLiLLLLLL ooo oo ioioio ioioioi SSSSSSS gergergergg H o RR Ro ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R ©Ro ©Ro ©Ro ©R©©©© Spring Narcissus 'Actaea' Fargesia nitida

Daffodil 'Actaea' Fountain Bamboo SSSSSSSSSS HH RH Graceful, slow-growing bamboo forming clumps of slender, /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH Strongly fragrant bulbous perennial to 45cm. The white shs rshrshrshrshrshrsh a

e dark purple canes growing to a height of 5m with a spread le ﬂ owers have a short, cup-shaped corona which is yellow hmahmahmahmahmahma ialii of 1.5m. cc

VVV margined red. Leaves are narrow and hairless. itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitc TTTT e Ve V m Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm ndrndrndrndrnd a ahaahaaa exa G ©Gr©Gr©G ©Al Spring r

Miscanthus giganteus ere Scilla siberica kerkerkekekek al Siberian Squill Elephant Grass walwalwalwalwalwalwawawwwww mm_m_mmmmmmmm _m__m__m__m______Bulbous perennial to about 15cm with shiny, lance-shaped Upright grass not spreading invasively, useful at the back __ uceuceuceuceuceuce

of borders. Flowers are pinkish going silver, produced in br

leaves and pendant, bright blue fl owers to 1.5cm across. /br/br/br/b nnnnnnn October. Tolerant of most conditions but best in fertile, om o comcomcomcomcomcc . t ttottottottottottotto moist soil in full sun. kr. krkr. krkrkrkk uuu ccc icicic DuDuDuDuDuD ic ic Du ee w.flw.flw tertertertertertertet P ww ©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©ww©w©© ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©P©P Spring 10 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 11 Architectural plants Architectural plants Grasses & bamboos Herbaceous

Phyllostachys nigra Datisca cannabina ssssssssssssssss t ntnn

Black Bamboo Cretan Hemp antantantantantantantantantantantantantantantantantantantantantananaa PlPlPlPlPlPlPlPlPPPPPPPPPPPPP Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl Pl P nnnnnnnnnnnn ononononon

Clump-forming bamboo with arching, slender canes turning Slender stems to 3m bear delicate, dissected leaves and tontontontontontontontontontontontontontontontontontontontonto hhhhhhhhhhhhhh ghghghghghgggggg tassels of green ﬂ owers. ighighighigh r ss deep black. Grows to 5m with a spread of 3m. nsnsnsnsnnn BrBB Br Br Br insinsinsinsinsinininininiii kkk ckcc ickickickikickic w @w @w @ DDDD La d Dd Dd Dd Dd d La La e aa warwarwarwawwwwwwww eveeveeveeveeveeveevee oo StS HoHo ©St©St©St©St©St©© ©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©Ho©H©©©©©©©©©©©© Pleioblastus simonii Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum Group Joe Pye Weed SSSSSSSSSS Simon's Bamboo HHHH RHRHRHRH /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/

hh Fairly small bamboo to 3m in height. The variegated cultivar Perennial to 3m with domed heads of purple ﬂ owers over shshshshshsh rshrshrshrshrshrs SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

'Variegatus' has linear, white-striped leaves whorls of dark foliage. HHHHHHHH RHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRH mm /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R hmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhmhmhmhhhhh cc pspspspsppppp tctctctctctctcttt ipsipsipsipsipsipipipipi itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcititi l llllllllll TTTT illillillillillillillillililili hhhh m TmTmTm Tm Tm Tm Tm TmTm Tmmm PhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPhPP Ph P aa yyy hahahahh rry rry rry rrrrrrrrr ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahah GrGrG BaBaB ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©G©G© ©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©Ba©© Stipa gigantea Rheum palmatum rgrgrgrgrgrgrgrg

oo Golden Oats Ornamental Rhubarb n.ononon.on.on.on.on.on.on.on.on.n.n.nnnn eeeee dededed rderderderderderderderderder Forms dense, evergreen clumps over which are carried high A huge ornamental rhubarb to 2.5m tall or more with large, aaaaa gagag nnnnnnnnnnnnn tgatgatgatgatgatgatg ff oo plumes of golden ﬂ owers. deeply lobed leaves and upright spikes of small greenish ofofoooo soso anan isoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisoisisisi rofrofrofrofrofrofrororororrrrr tantantantantantantantatattt ccccc ddddd ﬂ owers. a ncncn ada ara ara ara ara ara ara arararaaaaaaa ancancancancancancancancancancancancan MadMadMadMadMadMadMadMadMadMadMaM h n BhBhB hbhbhbhbhhhhh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh thbthbthbthbthbthbthbthbthbthbthbththtt yn yn yn yn yn yn ynynynynynyyyyyyy a lll uuuu rururr olololololololoooooo .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru .ru .r.r mam rolrolrolrolrolrolrolrororororororor lmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmalmlml ww a i ViViVVVV CaCaC wwwwwww ©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©Vi©V©V©V©© ©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©Ca©C©C©C©C©©©©©©© wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Aralia cachemirica Rodgersia aesculifolia

Angelica-tree Chestnut-leaved Rodgersia SSSSSSSSS HH RHRH /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/

Huge leaves to 1.2m long divided into shiny leaﬂ ets above Large, wrinkled basal leaves are palmately divided and h Herbaceous which appear spikes of starry umbels to 3m tall. bear branching stems of small pink or white ﬂ owers. Forms rshrshrshrsrr mamama hmahmahmhmhmhmhmhmhhhhhhhhh

clumps to 1.5m across. cc tcttt itcitcititiiiii TTTTT oro yl m Tm Tm Tm Tm m aylayla e Te Te T ahaahaahaahaahaaha r Gr ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr© ©Su©Su©Su©S

Crambe cordifolia Veronicastrum virginicum Greater Sea-kale Culver's Root ife ife

ntlntl Huge clumps of heart-shaped foliage to 1.5m across are Perennial to 2m or more bearing architectural whorls of PlaPla

topped by branching sprays of small white ﬂ owers to 2m toothed foliage and tall wands of lilac ﬂ owers. nnn as/as/

high. rmarma homhom Go Go Go e Te T C. C. C e phiphi tertertertett e P ©So©So ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe 12 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 13 Shrubs Shrubs Structural Structural ssssss

mmmmm Forsythia intermedia rmrrrrr Berberis verruculosa armarmarmarmarmarar hhhhhh _h_ Forsythia y_ Warted Barberry arrarrarar /h

s/hs/hs/s/s/s/sssss Tight-growing, evergreen shrub to 1.5m with glossy, spiny Easily propagated, pollution-tolerant deciduous shrub o

otootootootootootootootootootootooto leaves to 3cm long, that are white on the underside. Dark to 2m tall bearing bright golden ﬂ owers on bare stems in hhhh phph /ph/ph/ph/ph/ph

spring. ttttt

mm purple fruit to 1cm long follow the golden yellow fl owers. atatatatatatatat om comc m um kr. kr. krkkk cc DDumDumDumDumDumDumDDumDu ic ic jjjjaja ja ja ja jjajjj w.flw.fl a ©M©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©© ©ww©ww© Buxus sempervirens Garrya elliptica Box Silk-tassel Bush (pictured: cultivar ‘James Roof’)

Hard-wearing evergreen shrub to 4m with glossy, grey-

Dense-growing, rounded shrub eventually to 5m but m t

green, opposite leaves. Highly ornamental catkins are .co.co ortor responding well to pruning. Leaves evergreen, small and s tus o Goo dark green. Produces small and yellowish ﬂ owers in spring. borne in winter and early spring. Good windbreak. mm -ap

urmurmurmurmu Good for dry, shady sites. TTTT lus n Tn n a rturtu rra rra rra r e FeFeFF ©ho©ho ©Fe ©F©F Cornus alba Hebe rakaiensis White Dogwood Rakai Hebe comcom

en.en.e Hardy and resilient deciduous shrub to 3m tall bearing red Dense shrub to 1m with glossy green leaves to 2cm long ard ard ard a

gg bark and available as several variegated cultivars. Grow in thickly covering a rounded bush. The white racemes eg aegaeg

full sun for most striking stem colour. of ﬂ owers (to 4cm long) are borne in summer. Good for e sbrsbr hedging. Will tolerate maritime exposure but not very cold coe inging PasP

w.kw.kw winds. an an Al ww ©Al ©ww©ww©ww©w

Elaeagnus ebbingei Hebe topiaria

SSSS Ebbinge's Silverberry Topiarist's Hebe HHH RH /RH/RH/RH Evergreen shrub to 4m with a dense, leafy habit. Leaves Dense, low-growing shrub to 60cm with glossy, grey-green sh rshrr are leathery with silver scales on the underside. Variegated leaves to 1.5cm long. Racemes of white ﬂ owers to 2cm are hmahmahmah c cultivars are available. Extremely fragrant, small, white carried in summer. Good for hedging. Will tolerate maritime o itcitci to TT ﬂ owers are produced in autumn. exposure but not very cold winds. Go

m Tm Tm Tm T keoke ahaahaahaahaahaaha ©Ta ©Ta ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr

Escallonia macrantha Ilex aquifolium Escallonia Holly A ﬁ ne shrub to 4m but easily pruned with dark, glossy, Hardy evergreen shrub bearing spiny, glossy foliage when mmmm om omomoooo

aromatic leaves and tubular, rosy ﬂ owers. Good as a young. Available in a range of variegated cultivars. Female com comcomcomcococo s rs. rs.rs.rs.rs.rsrsrrrrr

plants bear red berries. Good as a windbreak. eee

e windbreak, though may be susceptible to frost in inland wewewewewe oweoweoweow oweoweoweoweowe

areas. flfl flflfl dfldfldfl dfl wilw wilwilwiw k k ©uk©uk©u©© ©uk©uk©uk 14 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 15 Shrubs Shrubs Structural Structural

Ligustrum lucidum Euonymus japonicus & cultivars Chinese Privet Evergreen Spindle Evergreen shrub or tree easily pruned to size with glossy, Evergreen shrub with glossy foliage and small clusters

dark green leaves. Variegated cultivars are available. of white ﬂ owers. Tolerant of a wide range of conditions nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnn rnrnrnrnrnrnrn rn e

peppp and resilient to heavy pruning. A number of ﬁ ne foliage lpelpelpelpelpelpelplplplplplplpl lpelpelplplplpll aaa aaa

HaHaHaH selections are available. Ha Ha Ha Ha H H Ha Ha H oooooooo ro oo roror uro uro uro uro uro uro uruuu uro uro ur aaaaaaaaa MaMaMaMaMaMMMMMMMM ©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©Ma©M©M©M©© ©Ma©Ma©M©M©©

Olearia macrodonta Abelia grandiﬂ ora Ornamental New Zealand Holly Glossy Abelia Shrub, eventually to 5m, with holly-like, greyish leaves. Semi-evergreen shrub to 3m bearing glossy, dark green m

omo Profuse heads of fragrant, daisy-like ﬂ owers are borne in leaves and fragrant pinkish white tubular ﬂ owers that fall comcomcomcomcomcomcococococcccccccc .. ss.s.ss sss rs.rs.rs.rs.rs.rs.rsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsr

summer. A good windbreak. to reveal persistent pink calyces. ususususus e we oweowowoo GerGe

fl dfldfldfldfldfldd na nan ll iaia wilwilwilwil tia ©uk©uk©uk©uk©uk©©©©©© Summer ©Ta ©T Olearia haastii Acer palmatum var. dissectum s sssssssssssssssssss

e Daisy-bush Cut-leaved Japanese Maple Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre Pre PrPr t t

nt nt nt nt nt nt ntntntn Tough, bushy evergreen shrub to 2m tall with dark green Rounded shrub bearing deeply cut, sometimes purple, lala PlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlaPlP leaves felted on the underside. Produces daisy ﬂ owers in foliage that colours up well in autumn and is often at atat at at atatatatat ckrckrckrckrckckckckc ll lil llllll ll llll lllllll

summer. accompanied by ornamental winged fruits. Protect from FliFliFliFliFlFlFlFlFFFFFFF aaa dada nnnnn on ononon on on ononononononooo ndandandandandandandand cold, drying winds. hhh TiTiTiTiTi Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti th th th th th th ththt rr oro an forforforforforfofofofofffff sansansansansansansansanssss nnnnn ununu Su ©un©un©un©un©un©un ©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su Autumn Photinia fraseri Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia' Christmas Berry Spotted-laurel Evergreen shrub growing to 5m but easily pruned to size. Dependable shrub to 3m tall grown primarily for its glossy,

White ﬂ owers are carried in spring and young foliage is toothed leaves (to 20cm long) which are speckled with rnrn ororororoooo

bright red. Needs protection from cold winds. yellow markings. Small purple ﬂ owers may be followed by hh ghghghghgh nghnghngngnnnnnn

bright red berries. Good for dry, shady sites. aa LaLa La La wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww eeeeeeeeee rerrrr rry rry rry rrrr Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre Bre BrBrBrBrBBBBBBBBBBB ee JJ JJJ ©Te ©Te ©Te ©Te ©Te ©J ©J ©J ©J©J©J©J©J©J©J©J©©©©©©©© Viburnum opulus Camellia japonica cultivars Guelder-rose Common Camellia Vigorous deciduous shrub to 4m bearing lobed leaves that Evergreen shrubs to 4m or more, with glossy, toothed elliptic turn red in autumn. Its lacecap ﬂ owers are followed by leaves. A huge number of cultivars have been selected often

glossy red fruit. with large double ﬂ owers in shades of pink. oyoyoo ™™™™™™™™ RoyRoyRoyRoRoRoRoRoRoRRRRRRRRRRR 6™6™6™6™6 n n nnn 6666666666 an an an anana 0606 VVVVVVVV 106 n VnVn iffiff cl An ©cl© ©An© Spring 16 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 17 Shrubs Shrubs Ornamental Ornamental

Cotinus coggygria Hydrangea serrata ssssss t

Smoke Tree Lacecap Hydrangea antant /// PlPPPPPPPPPP Pl Pl P P s/s/s/s/s/s/s/s nnnnnn

Shrub to 5m with oval leaves turning rich orange and red Deciduous shrub with opposite leaves to 15cm long and onononono tontontontontontontontontontonttontontotototott otootootootootootoo h hhh ghghghghghghghghghghghghggggggg g phphphp

in autumn and retaining whispy panicles after ﬂ owering. ighighighighigigigigigii

/ph/ph/ph/ph/ph/ph/p/ph/ph/p/p/p/p/p/// fl attened domes of fl owers which bear colourful sterile BrBrBrBrBrBrBBBBBB mmmmm Purple-leaved forms available. Coloured-leaved cultivars bracts at the margins. Many cultivars are available. Br Br Br Br @@@@@@@ comcomco a rayrayrayr w @w @w @w @w @w @w @w@w @w w wwww kr. krkkkk perform best in full sun. uruuuuu aaaaa cc LaLaLaLaLaLaLaLa La La La ic ic murmurmurmur e _ v w.flw.flww eveeveeveeveeveeveeveveveeeee ny_ny_ tt St en ©St©St©St©St©St©St©St©S ©ww©ww©ww©ww©©©©© kenkenkenkenkenkekekekekek Summer Euonymus alatus Nandina domestica Winged Spindle Heavenly Bamboo Hardy shrub to 2m bearing glossy leaves that turn bright Bamboo like stems carry graceful compound, evergreen a scarlet before falling. Also bears purple and orange fruit leaves that turn vivid red in autumn and winter. Small, rt am yy y ibe

and winged stems. starry ﬂ owers are sometimes followed by bright red fruit. o o AoAoAooooooo Gu Requires a sheltered site to thrive. hirhir ois nicnicnnn anç uu JuJ ©Ju©Ju©Ju©Ju©Ju©J©J© ©Fr Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade' Osmanthus burkwoodii Spindle 'Red Cascade' Burkwood Osmanthus Deciduous shrub to 2.5cm bearing glossy leaves on green Evergreen shrub to 3m with a dense habit and toothed, dark

S stems and small ﬂ owers. Flowers are followed by a profusion green leaves. The small, tubular white ﬂ owers are extremely ssssssssss

/RH of red fruit which open to reveal the orange-coated seeds fragrant. nsnsns igh

within. eveeveeveev StStStStSt Sle St St St St erer tertertertertetett e Mike PeP © Spring ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©P©P©P©©©©©©©© Hamamelis vernalis Philadelphus coronarius g Spring Witch-hazel Mock-orange or um. Upright shrub bearing spidery yellow or orange ﬂ owers on Shrub to 3m bearing toothed, deciduous leaves and highly atat ret bare twigs in winter and spring. The leaves turn clear yellow fragrant, creamy, cup-shaped ﬂ owers (to 2.5cm across) in uu rbo in autumn. early summer. DumDumDuDuDuDuDuDDDDDDD isa ja ja jja jajjjjj j orr M ©Ma©Ma©M©M©M©M©M©M©M©©© w.m ww

Hydrangea macrophylla Pieris japonica s Mophead Hydrangea Lily-of-the-valley Bush n eveeveevevev S Compact, deciduous shrub to 2m with opposite, broad Evergreen shrub of neat habit to 4m tall with toothed St St terterter

leaves to 20cm long. There are many cultivars which bear elliptic leaves that are reddish when young. Panicles of e ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©P

lin domes of ﬂ owers in a great range of colours, some formed numerous urn-shaped, white ﬂ owers appear from pink

Ash of entirely sterile bracts and others with fertile ﬂ owers at buds. Several cultivars are available. Protect young growth

ey the centre. from late frosts. ndl Li

Sarcococca hookeriana Actinidia kolomikta Sweet Box Kolomikta Small, suckering shrub to 1.5m forming neat clumps of Vigorous twining climber to 5m or more, rarely producing upright stems which bear glossy, broadly lance-shaped its small ﬂ owers but bearing large leaves that become

leaves. In winter, clusters of sweetly fragrant, small white attractively variegated white and pink in the upper half. eteteteteeeee nsnnn eeeeee e BeBeBeBeBBeB Be Be Be vevevevevevv aa

ee ﬂ owers form and are followed by shiny black fruit. Good for ttttt LaLaLaLaLaLLLLL La La La L StS S S dry, shady sites. éé nénén ere énéénéénéénéénéénéénéénéénéénééné tertertetetttttt e N PePePP © N©N©N©N© N© N©N©© N© N© N©N©©©©© ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©Pe ©P©©©©© Skimmia japonica 'Nymans' Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Skimmia 'Nymans' Porcelain Berry seseses u

ouououo A spreading shrub to 1m x 2m bearing glossy, evergreen, Deciduous tendril climber to 5m bearing three-lobed leaves hohoho t

iteiteiteititit aromatic foliage. Fragrant white ﬂ owers and round, red and small greenish ﬂ owers which are followed by clusters hhhh anaaaaaaa WhWhWhW

Wh fruits are freely produced. of round fruit that turn from pinkish-purple to blue. mm ssmssmssmssmssmssmssm herher aaaa rararararr BrBrB toptop n nn risris an ©Ch©Ch©C©© ©Se©S©© Viburnum betulifolium Ceanothus arboreus 'Trewithen Blue' Birch-leaf Viburnum Californian Lilac 'Trewithen Blue' SSSS RHRH /RH/RH/RH/

Deciduous shrub with an upright habit growing to 3m tall. Evergreen shrub to 5m or so with glossy, dark green, oval hh rshrshrshrrrrr

The white ﬂ owers in early summer are followed by pendant leaves to 10cm long. In spring and summer frothy heads aaaa mam hmahmah

clusters of bright red fruit which persist well through the of blue ﬂ owers are borne in abundance. May be damaged c itcitcii h thththth i winter. by frosts. mmm mTm Tm TmT SmiSmiSmiSmiSSS mmm ahaahaahaahaaaa imim imim im K ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©© © K© K© K©K© K©K mm omomoo

Viburnum burkwoodii cultivars Celastrus orbiculatus cc .c y.cy.cy SSSSSSSSS Burkwood Viburnum Staff-vine etseteteteeeeee HSHSHSHSHSH eeee.e.e re.re. RRRR /R/R/R/R//////// h/ Evergreen shrub to 3m with dark green, shiny leaves. Globes Strong-growing deciduous climber to 14m bearing toothed atuatuatuaaa nnn rsrsrrr fnfn arsarsaa of very fragrant white ﬂ owers to 10cm across open from leaves turning golden in autumn. Small, greenish ﬂ owers ofnofnofnofnofnofnoo mmmmmmm artartartart hhm chm

pink buds and are sometimes followed by small red fruit are followed by round, yellowish fruit that open to reveal heheheheheheheh he nnnnnnnnn TitTitT in

(turning black). red seeds within. kinkinkinkin am am am aa WilWil h y ahahaaa ty tt rahrahrahrr GGGGGG KitKitKitKit G y y y © G Spring by bybybb Chaenomeles japonica Japanese Quince Spreading, thorny shrub to 1m tall and 2m across bearing large orange-red ﬂ owers in spring as the glossy leaves

appear. The fruits are red, tinged with yellow and around u

4cm long. an Kan ud rtrrtrtrtrtrrrrr ee ©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©G©G© 20 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 21 Climbers / Wall cover Climbers / Wall cover

Elaeagnus ebbingei Myrtus communis Ebbinge's Silverberry Common Myrtle SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS HH RHRHRRR /RH/RH/RH/RH/RH/R/R/R/R// Evergreen shrub to 4m with a dense, leafy habit. Leaves are Evergreen shrub to 3m bearing a dense coverage of dark h shshshshshsss rshrshrshrshrsrsrsrr leathery with silver scales on the underside. The ﬂ owers, green aromatic foliage and, from midsummer, white ﬂ owers aa mamammm sa hmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhmh produced in autumn are small, white and extremely with prominent stamens which are followed by black fruit. c el i itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitcititiiiiiiiii TTTT

T fragrant. There are several variegated cultivars. Not fully hardy; shelter from cold winds. é Bé ééé mTmTmTm Tm Tm Tm TmTm TmTmmmmmmm m aaaa lomlomlom hahah a ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaa S GrG ©Sa ©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©G Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen' Rosa 'New Dawn' Spindle 'Silver Queen' Rose 'New Dawn' fefefefefefefefef

tlitlitlitlitlitlitli Evergreen shrub to 2.5m with fl exible stems bearing waxy, A vigorous climbing rose with arching stems bearing glossy an lanlanlanlanlanlanlan white-margined leaves. White fruit opening to reveal leaves and full, palest pink fl owers. Suitable for sun or PPP oo y/Py/Py/Py/Py/Py/y orange-coated seeds may be produced after the small partial shade. A great range of climbing roses, providing for nn wawawa ondondondond hwahwahwahwahwahwahwa fl owers. different aspects and effects, are available. MMMMM u o Mo MoMo MoMoo outoutoutououououoo S e SeSe Se Se Se Se Se S fanfanfanfa OrOr ©Or©Or ©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©Su©© Hedera algeriensis 'Gloire de Marengo' Vitis coignetiae Ivy 'Glorie de Marengo' Crimson Glory-vine Large-leaved ivy with creamy marginal variegation and Vigorous, tendril climber with large, lobed leaves to 30cm

sssss long, easily trained stems. Tolerant of a wide range of across that turn yellow, then bright red, in autumn. SimSimSiSS

conditions once established. nnn or or oror onononononononooooooo ttt xt revre OxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxtOxOOO nnn I/T hn hn hnhn hn hn hnhnhnh WW oooooo ©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©J©J©©©© ©GW©GW©GW©G©G Trees Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart' Acer palmatum Persian Ivy 'Sulphur Heart' Japanese Maple

Large-leaved ivy with a large central, golden variegation Small tree bearing graceful, lobed leaves that become ooo

growing to perhaps 5m. Tolerant of a wide range of scarlet in autumn. Many choice cultivars are available. tt ottottot conditions once established. ©at©at©a SSSS ©RH©RH©RH©R©R© Hydrangea petiolaris Arbutus andrachnoides Climbing Hydrangea Hybrid Strawberry Tree e fefefeff ife ife ife ife t

ntlntlntlntlntlntlntln Deciduous climber with leaves turning yellow before falling. Tree to 8m with peeling red bark and glossy, toothed a owowow lalalal lowlowlowlowlowlowlowlo PlaPlaPlaPla Grows to 10m or more and carries domes of white ﬂ owers evergreen leaves that are glaucous on the underside. The n Fn Fn Fn Fn Fn Fn Fn FnF as/ with bracteate ﬂ owers at the margins. Avoid shallow, chalky

small ﬂ owers are white and appear in autumn. Alkaline riariariariariariariariaria mmm u

hom soils.

soils may be tolerated but acid is preferred. Shelter from AzuAzuAzuAzuAzuAzAA TTT e T

cold winds. by by by bybybyby o phipppppp to to to toto totototo h phophophophophophophophop ©So©

22 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 23 Trees Trees

Cercis siliquastrum Ligustrum lucidum Judas Tree Chinese Privet Deciduous tree to 10m bearing pink, pea ﬂ owers which Hardy, conical evergreen tree to 10m bearing glossy leaves.

appear on the bare stems. The attractive foliage is glossy Spikes of white ﬂ owers in late summer are followed by rnrnrnrn aaa eeeeee sasasasasasasasasa

l and heart-shaped. bluish fruit. pepepeppp lpelpe el ielielielielieliiii a BBBBB Ha éBéBéBéBé Bé Bé BéBé BéBéBéBéBéBéBéé ééé mmm uro oo lomlomlomlomlomlomlomlomlomll a ©Ma ©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©Sa©©©©© Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet' Liquidambar styraciﬂ ua Hawthorn 'Paul's Scarlet' Sweet Gum Thorny, deciduous tree to 8m. Bears a great profusion of Conical tree to 20m with neatly lobed leaves turning deep

bright red-pink, very double ﬂ owers in late spring. bronze, red and orange before falling. For best autumn rrrrrrrrrrrrrrr kkkkkkkkkkkk ssss ckckckckckckcccc ickickickickick eseseseseseseseseseseseseeeeeeeeeee

colour plant in full sun. Can tolerate alkaline conditions flflflfl kkkkkkkk okokokokooooo @fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@fl@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ookookookookookookookookookookookookoooooooooooooooooooooooooooo tttttttt

rrrrr where soils are deep. rtrtrtrtrtrtrt BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB erterterterere Br Br Br Br B B bbbb ddd idididi uuuuuuuuuuu vidvidvidvidvidvidvidvidvidvidvidvvvvvvvv mubmubmubmubmubmubmumumu aaaa iii DaDaDaDD kikik ©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©D©D©D©© ©ki©ki©ki©ki©ki©ki©k©©©©©©©©© Crataegus lavalleei Magnolia grandifl ora Lavalleei's Hawthorn Large-fl owered Magnolia Spreading, semi-deciduous tree to 7m bearing domed Magnifi cent evergreen tree to 10m or more with large, very heads of white fl owers followed by orange-red fruits to 2cm glossy, bright green leaves that are rusty brown on the

across that persist through the winter. underside. Bears huge, cup-shaped, fragrant white ﬂ owers. n sssss a asasasasasasasasaaaaaaa

May be damaged by very cold weather. P PPPPPPPPPPP iPiPiPi Pii en en i ndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndrndnnnn eee Chi He Li ©He©He©He©He©He©He©H©H© © Fraxinus angustifolia 'Raywood' Malus 'Golden Hornet'

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS Ash 'Raywood' Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet' HHHH RHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRRRR /RH/RH/RH/R/R/R/R/R/R//

hhhh Pinnate-leaved deciduous tree to 20m bearing foliage that Deciduous tree to 8m with a rounded habit. White ﬂ owers sh rshrshrshrshrsh aaaaaaaa turns a rich red in the autumn. in spring are followed by copious, spherical, golden yellow mamamamamm hmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmahmhhh

c fruit to 2cm across which are carried over a long period. tctctctc itcitcitcitcitcitcitcitititititititititiiii TTTTTT T m Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm Tm TmTm Tm Tmmmmmm aaaaaaaa hahahahahh SSSSSSSSSS ahaahaahaahaahaah r HHH GrGrGrGrGr R ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr© ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©©©©©©©©©©©©

Fraxinus ornus Nyssa sylvatica eeee nnnn vevev eneneneneneneneneneneneneneneneneeeeeeeee iveiveiveiveiveiveiveiveiveiveivivivivi t Manna Ash Tupelo dd atatatat ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard ard araraa NatNatNatNatNatNatNatNatNatNatNaNN GGGGG G ff c Gc Gc Gc Gc GcGc Gc Gc Gc Deciduous tree to 15m with pinnate leaves that turn red in Broadly conical tree to 15m. Leaves produce spectacular of ofof of ofofofofooo rr or or or or orororororoooooo anianianianianianianianianianiani t autumn. Creamy white ﬂ owers are followed by pendulous ﬁ ery shades in autumn. Shelter from cold winds and plant t atatatata oto ratratratratratratratratratratratr BotBotBotBotBotBotBotBotBoBoBo uuu aaaaaaa clusters of winged yellow or red fruit. CuCuCuCuCCCCC sasasasasasasasasasss

out when young. n n nnnn Cu Cu Cu yy yn yn ynynyn ynynynyy e er ielielielielielielielielielielielieieieiii klk BBB mermermermermermermermermemememememmmmmmm oklokloklokloklokloklokloklokloklokoko é Bé Bé Bé Bé BéBéééé o rirr oriorioriorioriorioriororo mmmmmmmmmmmm Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro Bro BBrBBBB LLLLL om lomlomlomlomlomlomlomlomlomloll i Li Li Li LiLiLi Li LiLiLi a llll rararararararararararararararrr a U o SaSaS lololololo ©Ul©Ul©Ul©Ul©Ul©Ul©Ul©Ul©Ul©U©U©U©U©U©U©U©©© FloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloFloF ©Sa©Sa©Sa©S©S©S©S©©©©©©©©©©

24 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 25 Trees Pond & bog garden plants

Parrotia persica Alisma plantago-aquatica Persian Ironwood Water-plantain m omo cocococococo

Spreading tree to 8m tall bearing peeling bark and spidery, Perennial to 1m bearing linear submerged leaves and .. bright red ﬂ owers in winter and early spring. Produces ﬁ re- rosettes of long-stalked, lance-shaped, greyish leaves rs.rs.rsrs wwww oweoweoweowe aaaaaa

coloured autumn foliage. Grow in acid soil for best autumn above the water. Produces very pale pink fl owers to 1.5cm flfl mamamamamamamamamamammm dfldfldfldfld l colour. i on much-branched infl orescences in summer. Best in water wilwilwil omomomomo k SomSomSomSomSomSomSomSomSomSomSomSoSS ukuku

nn 15-30cm deep. ©uk©uk©uk©©© an an an an an anananananananaaa yyyyyy RyR ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©Ry ©R© Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' Butomus umbellatus Cherry Plum 'Pissardii' Flowering-rush Purple-leaved deciduous tree to 10m bearing cup-shaped Perennial to 1.5m with rush-like, twisted leaves emerging ﬂ owers (2.5cm across) that are pink, fading to white. purple and turning green. Umbels of fragrant pink ﬂ owers to 2.5cm across are borne in late summer on tall stems. lenlen hhhhhhhhh ghghghgggggg Al Al uuuuu Grow in mud or water to 25cm deep. ou WW W. HouHouHouHouHoHoHoHHHHHH yyyyy vidvidvid ddy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dydydddddd ooo ©Co ©Da©Da©D Sorbus aria Callitriche stagnalis Common Whitebeam Common Water-starwort e f eeeee f li i

Deciduous tree to 15m or more with broad, hairy, greyish Oxygenating perennial with narrow, opposite submerged liflifliflifliflililil antaaaa lll leaves and fl at heads of white fl owers which are followed leaves that become broader in the open air. The fl owers are antantantantantan PlPlPlPl /Pl /Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl/P/// ggg ggggggg

gggggggg by dark red fruits. small and insignifi cant, borne in summer. gggggggggggggggg aggagag aggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggaggagaga GGGGG G w Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw G w Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw GwGwwww re eee rerererer dre dre dre dre drddd dre dre dre dre dre dre dre dre dre dre dre drdddd nn An AnAnAnAnAnAnAnAnAAA ©An©An©An©An©An©A ©An©An©An©An©An© Sorbus 'Joseph Rock' Caltha palustris Mountain Ash 'Joseph Rock' Marsh-marigold Deciduous tree to 10m bearing pinnate leaves that colour Rhizomatous perennial bearing kidney-shaped leaves to well in autumn. Spring white fl owers are followed by round, 10cm long. Open, waxy, yellow fl owers are carried on stems

pale yellow fruit to 1cm across. to 45cm in spring. ee ieieieieieie er dddd ierierieieieieiiii ccccccc od rodrodrodrodrod u LucLucLucLucLuc m Bm Bm Bm Bm BmBm CC. CC. C.C. C. C. CC. C.CC JJJJJ ©J©J©J©J©J©J.©J.©J©J.©J©J©©© ©Ji©Ji©Ji©J©J

Sorbus thibetica 'John Mitchell' Canna 'Endeavour' y tes ouro

Tibetan Whitebeam 'John Mitchell' Water Canna 'Endeavour' dend , C, C GarGar en Deciduous tree to 20m or so with very broad, round, silver- Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.8m with erect, glaucous, lenl al al ic nicnicnn grey leaves with heads of white ﬂ owers in spring followed paddle-shaped leaves and spikes of narrow-petalled red meumeumememm a e otaotaotaot by yellowish fruit to 1.5cm across. VerVerVerVerVerVeVe

ﬂ owers to 5cm across in summer and autumn. Lift tubers BBB k Bk B M. M. M.M

and overwinter in frost-free conditions. o vo vo YorYorYor byIbyIbyI ew ew ew SSSSSSS NN o to to totott e NeNe Ne hohh ©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH©RH© ThTh phophophophophphphphphppppp 26 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 27 Pond & bog garden plants Pond & bog garden plants

Canna 'Erebus' Fontinalis antipyretica Water Canna 'Erebus' Willow Moss Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.2m with erect, dark Attractive, evergreen, oxygenating moss lacking proper green, paddle-shaped leaves and spikes of exotic salmon roots with shoots to 15cm long and tightly packed leaves

ﬂ owers to 8cm across in summer and autumn. Lift tubers to 5mm. and overwinter in frost-free conditions. ©Tony Rodd ©Tony Canna 'Ra' Hosta 'Sum and Substance' Water Canna 'Ra' Plantain Lily 'Sum and Substance' SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH RHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.8m with erect, slender, Large, ribbed, heart-shaped yellow or green leaves and /R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R/R////////////////////////// S hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh shshshshshshshshshshshshssssssssss rshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrshrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrsrrrrrrrr

green leaves and spikes of exotic lemon yellow ﬂ owers in spikes of bell-shaped lilac ﬂ owers in summer. aaaaaaaaaaaa mamamamamamamamammm

summer and autumn. Lift tubers and overwinter in frost- hmahmahmahmahmahmahmhmhmhmhmhmhmhmhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ccccccccc tctctttt itcitcitcitcitcitititititiiii TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

free conditions. mTmTm TmTmTm TmTmTmTmTmTm TmTmTmTmTmTmTmTm TmTmmm m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm aaaaaaaa hahahhhhhhh ahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahaahahahahahahahahahahaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr BOG GGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGrGGGGGGG ©Carol Sheppard/RH ©Carol ©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©Gr©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©G©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© Carex elata 'Aurea' Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Bowles's Golden Sedge Frogbit Rhizomatous, perennial sedge to 70cm, dying back in Stoloniferous perennial spreading on the surface of water m

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS winter with leaves that bear a central, golden variegation. and producing rounded, glossy leaves to 3cm long. White, comcomc HSHSHSHSHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH RHSRHSRHSRHSRHSRHSRHSRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRHRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR rs.rs.rs.rsrrr

//////////// Small ﬂ owers are produced in spring and early summer. bowl-shaped ﬂ owers, 2cm across, yellow at the centre are e t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/t/ttttttttttttt nt/nt/nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn oweoweoweooo uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

borne in the summer. Less vigorous in deeper water. flflflflfl HuHuHuHuHuHuHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Hu Hu Hu Hu H dfldfl hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghghggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg igigigigigigigigiiigigigiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii wilwilwww e LeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLeLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL uuu ©Le ©L©L©L©L©L©L©L©L©L©L©L©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© BOG ©uk©uk©uk©uk©uk©u©u©u© Ceratophyllum demersum Iris pseudacorus eeeee gegegegegegegegegegegegegeggggg

aa Rigid Hornwort Yellow Iris mammm ImaImaImaImaImaImaImaImaImaImaImIIII l

al alal al alal alalaa Submerged oxygenating plant with low light requirements. Vigorous, rhizomatous perennial to 1.5m tall with lance- rrrrr ife ife urururururuuu turturturturturturturturtu

Perennial with stiff stems eventually growing to 1m if left shaped, greyish leaves and bright yellow ﬂ owers with ntlntnt aaaa NN /Na/Na/Na/Na/Na/Na/Na unchecked. Leaves are dark green and forked into linear, darker markings. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY. PlaPlaPlaPl n n/ onsonsonsonsonsononoo on/on/on/ t bb toothed segments. Prefers quite nutrient rich water. t bbb ibbibbibbibbibbibbibbibb uttutt GG eSe Se S b Gb Gb Gb Gb GbGb Gbbb ooooo BoBoB

BOG ©Jo©Jo ©Bo©Bo©Bo©Bo©Bo Eleocharis acicularis Mentha aquatica Needle Spike-rush Water Mint eeee fefefefe Rhizomatous oxygenating perennial to 10cm with rush-like Rhizomatous perennial to 90cm with purple stems and li tlitlitlitltltl leaves and ﬂ owers in spikelets to 5mm (not produced when narrow, toothed, hairy and aromatic leaves. In summer aaa lanlanlanlanlanlanlanlalalalll

PPP submerged).

t/Pt/Pt/Pt/Pt/Pt/Pt/Pt/P dense spheres of tubular lilac ﬂ owers are produced. Grows r sssssss ara nnnn warwarwarwarwarwarwa in water to 15cm deep. Plant in baskets to contain spread. e lenlen e t e SteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteSteStStSSS SelSelSSSS k kk k k kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk il ililil ck ck ck ckck ck ckckckckckckckckckckckcccc iiiiii NiNiNiNNNN ©Ph©Ph©P©©© ©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©Ni©N© 28 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 29 Pond & bog garden plants Pond & bog garden plants

Menyanthes trifoliata Nymphaea alba Bogbean White Water-lily Rhizomatous perennial forming ﬂ oating mats of three- Perennials with ﬂ oating, rounded, dark green, often red-

parted leaves with leafl ets to 6cm long. Erect infl orescences tinged leaves to about 30cm across. The starburst fl owers

of white, star-shaped ﬂ owerrs are sometimes produced to 20cm or more across are white with yellow centres. FOR enen uskusk

her Whitehouse in summer. WILL NEED REGULAR TRIMMING; FOR LARGE LARGE PONDS ONLY. Ha p PONDS ONLY. Ha ndindi Christo ©Ra ©Ra © Myosotis scorpioides Nymphaea hardy hybrids Water Forget-me-not Garden Water-lily Creeping, rhizomatous perennial with leaves to 10cm and, There are many hybrids to choose from. Nymphaea in summer, a profusion of bright blue, very open ﬂ owers to 'Marliacea Albida' (pictured) has cup-shaped ﬂ owers to RHSRHSRHSRHSRHSRHSRHRHRHRHRHRHRRR ioi

8mm across with a paler eye. Grows best in water to 10cm 15cm across that are white with yellow centres. /// t n/n/n rttrtt nn/nn/nn/nn/nn/nn/nn/nn/nn

deep. uuu Ku Ku K NuNuNuNu Nu Nu Nu vi d idi ovioviovovo vidvidvidvidvivivivivivvv a TuTuTuTuTTTT ©T©T©T©©©©©© ©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©Da©D© Myriophyllum spicatum Potamogeton crispus Spiked Water-milfoil Curled Pondweed eeeeeeee

Perennial oxygenator with whorls of deeply divided leaves Perennial oxygenator bearing submerged, dissected, liflifliflilili tt antantantantantantan

borne on stems to 1m or more. In summer small reddish almost transluscent leaves and leathery, fl oating leaves ll PlPl h /Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl/Pl thththththth ii fl owers are carried just above the water. with very undulating margins. The fl owers are very small ggggggggggg mimimimi aggaggaggaggaggaggagagagagagagagaaaaaaaaaa smismisms

and whitish, carried just above the water. GGGG l oldold w Gw Gw GwGw Gw GwGwGw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw Gw wwwwww e rerererererererererrrrr n Gn Gn Gn GnGn Gn Gnnnn dre dre dre drdd ee n B A ©Be©Be©Be©Be©Be©Be©B ©An©An©An©An©An©An©A©A©A©A©©© Myriophyllum verticillatum Ranunculus aquatilis e Whorled Water-milfoil Common Water-crowfoot gegegegegegeggggggggggggg mmm ImaImaImaImaImaImII ll llllll

Perennial oxygenator with whorls of deeply divided leaves Pretty annual/short-lived perennial with submerged al al al al alalaaaa r urururuuuuuu turturturturtutututututttttttttt and linear leafl ets borne on stems to 1m or more. In branching stems and fi nely divided leaves and fl oating aaaaaaaaa ssssssss N /Na/Na/Na/Na/Na/Na/Na/N/N//

terter summer very small yellowish ﬂ owers are carried just above lobed, kidney-shaped leaves. Produces white ﬂ owers (2cm) nsn onsonsonsonsonsonsonsonsonsonsonsonsoooo PePPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP Pe P the surface of the water. at the water's surface in summer. Prefers shallow water bbbbb nnnnnn bbbbb ibbibbibbibbibb ianian

tt with good nutrient levels. b Gb Gb Gb GbGbGbbbbbbbbb isti rr KK ©Kr©Kr ©Bo©Bo©Bo©Bo©B Nuphar lutea Sagittaria sagittifolia Yellow Water-lily Arrowhead Perennial bearing ﬂ oating, rounded, thick-textured, hairless Spreading perennial bearing arrow-shaped leaves with long

leaves to 40cm long. Above these in the summer are carried lobes at the base and 1m tall infl orescences carrying white n hh enenenene ththtt almost spherical yellow fl owers to 6cm across singly on fl owers to 2.5cm across. In deep water long, fl oating leaves iii uskuskuskususu smism

a stems. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY. may also be produced. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY. ld HaHaHa Ha Ha Ha oldolooooo GGGGG di ndindindindind n GnGnGnGn R ©Ra ©Ra ©Ra ©Ra ©Ra © ©Be©Be©Be©Be

30 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 31 Pond & bog garden plants Plants for wildlife

Thalia dealbata Chimonanthus praecox 'Luteus' Powdery Alligator-ﬂ ag

Wintersweet 'Luteus' e Perennial to 2.5m bearing lanceolate grey-green leaves Deciduous shrub to 4m with open, clear yellow ﬂ owers. sese houhouhoho tte

on long stalks. Striking, violet ﬂ owers are borne in slender ite l llll ollollollollollollollollollollollollollololo spikes in summer. Not fully hardy and may be deciduous in Wh W MMMMMMMMM eMeMeMe Me MeMe MeMe MeMeMe MeMe Me Meee sssssssssssssss cold weather. herher pp p eeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseeseee toptoptoptott WWWWWWWWWWWWW ss W W y Wy Wy Wy Wy W risrisriririrrr o hhhhh

©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©J©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© Early Season ©Ch©Ch© Veronica beccabunga Erica darleyensis

Brooklime Darley Dale Heath (pictured: cultivar 'Arthur Johnson') mmmmmm ooo comcomcomcomcomcocc

Creeping perennial bearing ﬂ eshy stems and leaves. Its Low-growing shrub with needle-like leaves, bearing ﬂ owers en.en.en.e d rdrd

rounded leaves can be entire or toothed. Racemes of blue in late winter and spring. Flowers are urn-shaped, usually ard ararar ggg eeee k aegaegaegaegaegaegaeaeaeaeaeaaaaaa akak ﬂ owers with a white eye appear in spring/summer. Can only in shades of pink and form racemes to 10cm long. Many rrrr r brbr sbrsbrsbrsbrsbsbs Br B ggg tolerate shallow water, but good for groundcover in wet/ cultivars are available. Alkaline soils may be tolerated. gg inginininininiii aanaan kkk

Buddleja globosa Hamamelis intermedia wanwanwa

/jb/jb/ Orange-ball-tree Intermediate Witch-hazel m

comcomcom Erect, deciduous shrub with orange fl owers borne in eye- Shrub to 4m with upright branches which carry green leaves SSSSSS kr. kr. krkr ic ic ic ic RHRHRHRRRRRRRR flflflflfl catching spheres in June. May be damaged by hard frosts. (to 15cm) that turn yellow in autumn. In winter the bare /RH/RH/R/R/R/R/ l fll flllllllll zi aziaziaziaziaziaziazi twigs bear spidery, fragrant fl owers in shades of yellow, ard ard Br Br ppp n orange or red. Various cultivars are available. eppepe hanhanhhah Sh Sh natnatnatnatnatnnn rolrol ooo a Jo Plants for wildlife for Plants ©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo©Jo

Early Season ©Ca Ceanothus thyrsifl orus Hedera helix Californian Lilac Ivy Dense evergreen shrub providing cover and shelter for Climbing or scrambling plant eventually becoming SS wildlife. Bears bright blue fl owers in early summer. Hardy in shrubby. Non-variegated selections have the best chance com /RH/RH all but the coldest areas. of producing the nectar-rich fl owers, but these will need at rs. ipsips illill oweoo

least some sun. Prefers alkaline soils. fl Ph Ph dfldfldfl ilil rry rry wil ukuuuu ©Ba©Ba Late Season ©uk©uk©uk©u©u Chimonanthus praecox Hyssopus offi cinalis Wintersweet Hyssop Strong-growing deciduous shrub to 4m with glossy Dwarf semi-evergreen shrub to 60cm with small, dense, lanceolate leaves to 20cm. Nodding, deliciously fragrant, aromatic foliage and spikes of two-lipped, dark blue fl owers a

greenish-yellow ﬂ owers are produced on the bare twigs in sas

from midsummer. ll elel oo ielieli

winter. The ﬂ owers are often stained purple inside and are B wh é Bé B awhaaa m k up to 2.5cm across. om a lomlom nak tatat ©Sa©Sa©Sa©S©S©©© ©ta© Early Season 32 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 33 Plants for wildlife Plants for wildlife

Ilex aquifolium 'J. C. van Tol' Sedum spectabile Holly 'J.C. van Tol' Butterﬂ y Stonecrop

Self-fertile tree to 6m with glossy evergreen, fairly spine- Easily propagated, fl eshy perennial with fl at heads of ee .se.se.se.se ddd free leaves and copious bright red berries. (usually) pink fl owers. For best wildlife value sterile hybrids rdr ord ord ororoooo

should be avoided. Neutral, moderately fertile soil is best. afo afo afo afo afo afo afo afo afaaaaa crcrc ecrecrecrecrecrecrecrececee iiii lilililil llillillillllll SSS w.ow.ow.ow.ow.ow.ow.ow.ow.o H www RHR wwwwwwwwwwwwwww ©RH©R©©©©©© Late Season ©ww©w©w©w©w©© Ilex altaclarensis Sorbus aucuparia Highclere Holly Rowan

Evergeen shrubs providing cover and shelter for wildlife, Pinnate-leaved, deciduous tree to 15m with white ﬂ owers MMM with broad, glossy leaves that are variegated in many in spring which are followed by copious orange-red berries DOM

cultivars. Female plants bear fruit. May be damaged by to 8mm across. nnnnnnnnnnnnnn AD ADAAAA toetoetoetoetoetoetoett M hard frosts. A MA MA M ensensensensensenseneneneneee nknknknkn MERMERME ankankankankankankankananaaaaaaa AA r frff CA ©fr©fr©fr©fr©fr©fr©fr©f©©©©©©© ©CA©CA©CA©CA Kniphoﬁ a rooperi Taxus baccata

Rooper's Red-hot-poker Yew sesesesesesessss uuu

ououou Imposing perennial to 1.2m with clumps of broadly linear Coniferous evergreen bearing thick, dark needles and, houhouhouhouhouhouhouhhhh e tt

iteiteititii leaves and impressive, fat heads of red hot poker ﬂ owers in in female plants, red fruit which is eat eaten by birds. Wh uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Wh Wh Wh autumn. Eventually becoming large but easily pruned to size. nnnnnn ee an herherherherherhehehehhhhhhhhhhhh KanKanKanKanKanKanKanKanKanKanKanKanKaKaKaK pp opo toptoptoptoptopto ud ud ud ud ud s tr risrisrisri rtrrtrrtrrtrrtr hhh ee ChChChCh GeGeGGG ©Ch©Ch©Ch©C©

Late Season ©Ge©Ge©Ge©Ge©G©G©G Mahonia media Viburnum opulus rrrrrrrrr Yellow Lily-of-the-valley Bush Guelder-rose ckckckckckckckckcccc ickickickickickickiciciii lll FlFlFlFlFlFlFlFlFlFFFFFFFF Fl Fl Fl F

nnn Upright shrub, eventully to 5m, with leathery, hairless, Vigorous shrub to 4m bearing lobed leaves that turn red in onononononononononononon on on on on r

ereree sharp-pointed pinnate leaves to 45cm long and racemes autumn. Lacecap ﬂ owers are followed by glossy red fruit. tertertertertertertertertertertertetetet aa slaslaslaslaslaslaslas of fragrant yellow ﬂ owers to 35cm long at the ends of the Full sun to part shade in any moderately fertile soil. yy hh bhbb RoyRoy

abhabhabhabhabhabhabhabababababababababaaa shoots. If planting in full sun requires damp soil. d an an ndndn andandandandandandandandandandandandandandanananaa n Vn V mmmmmmmmmm ©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©am©a©©©© Early Season ©An©An©©©© Malus 'Golden Hornet' Viburnum bodnantense Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet' Bodnant Viburnum Deciduous tree to 8m with copious, spherical, golden yellow Deciduous shrub to 3m bearing toothed leaves to 10cm fruit to 2cm across which are carried over a long period. that have a reddish tinge when young. The highly fragrant, r krkrkrkk ckrckrckrckrckrckrckrckrckrckc

White ﬂ owers are produced in spring. li

tubular ﬂ owers in shades of pink are borne in clusters at the FliFliFliFliFliFliFliFlFFFFFFF nn n n nnnnnn

ends of the branches. onononon h th th th th th th tht r ororo SSSSSSS forforfor HHH nn RHRHRHRHRR ©RH©RH©RH©RH©R©R©© Early Season ©un©un©un©un©©©©©©©©©©©©©©© 34 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 35 CONDITIONS X CONDITIONS X Dry Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy PLANT PAGE Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy PLANT PAGE Calluna vulgaris 6 Veronicastrum virginicum 13 Ligustrum vulgare 6 Berberis verruculosa 14 Prunus spinosa 'Plena' 6 Buxus sempervirens 14 Rhamnus cathartica 6 Cornus alba 14 Ulex europaeus 6 Elaeagnus ebbingei 14 Bergenia cordifolia & hybrids 7 Escallonia macrantha 14 Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 7 Forsythia intermedia 15 Leucothoe fontanesiana 7 Garrya elliptica 15 Pachysandra terminalis 7 Hebe rakaiensis 15 Salix repens var. argentea 7 Hebe topiaria 15 Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis 8 Ilex aquifolium 15 Stachys byzantina 8 Ligustrum lucidum 16 Colchicum autumnale 8 Olearia macrodonta 16 Colchicum speciosum 8 Olearia haastii 16 Crocus bifl orus 8 Photinia fraseri 16 Crocus chrysanthus 9 Viburnum opulus 16 Crocus nudifl orus 9 Euonymus japonicus & cultivars 17 Crocus tommasinianus 9 Abelia grandifl ora 17 Cyclamen coum 9 Acer palmatum var. dissectum 17 Cyclamen hederifolium 9 Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia' 17 Digitalis purpurea 10 Camellia japonica cultivars 17 Echium vulgare 10 Cotinus coggygria 18 Fritillaria meleagris 10 Euonymus alatus 18 Narcissus 'Actaea' 10 Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade' 18 Scilla siberica 10 Hamamelis vernalis 18 Ampelodesmos mauritanica 11 Hydrangea macrophylla 18 Astelia chathamica 11 Hydrangea serrata Chusquea culeou 11 19 Fargesia nitida 11 Nandina domestica 19 Osmanthus burkwoodii Miscanthus giganteus 11 19 Phyllostachys nigra 12 Philadelphus coronarius 19 Pleioblastus simonii 12 Pieris japonica 19 Stipa gigantea 12 Sarcococca hookeriana 20 Aralia cachemirica 12 Skimmia japonica 'Nymans' 20 Crambe cordifolia 12 Viburnum betulifolium 20 Datisca cannabina 13 Viburnum burkwoodii cultivars 20 Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum Group 13 Actinidia kolomikta 21 Rheum palmatum 13 Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 21 Rodgersia aesculifolia 13 Ceanothus arboreus 'Trewithen Blue' 21

36 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 37 CONDITIONS X CONDITIONS X Dry Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy PLANT PAGE Dry Well-drained Moist Wet Boggy Fertile Poor Alkaline Acid sun Full sun Partial Shade Submerged Emergent Marginal Floating Coastal Exposed Evergreen growing Fast Hardy PLANT PAGE Celastrus orbiculatus 21 Hydrocharis morsus-ranae 29 Chaenomeles japonica 21 Iris pseudacorus 29 Elaeagnus ebbingei 22 Mentha aquatica 29 Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen' 22 Menyanthes trifoliata 30 Hedera algeriensis 'Gloire de Marengo' 22 Myosotis scorpioides 30 Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart' 22 Myriophyllum spicatum 30 Hydrangea petiolaris 22 Myriophyllum verticillatum 30 Myrtus communis 23 Nuphar lutea 30 Rosa 'New Dawn' 23 Nymphaea alba 31 Vitis coignetiae 23 Nymphaea hardy hybrids 31 Acer palmatum 23 Potamogeton crispus 31 Arbutus andrachnoides 23 Ranunculus aquatilis 31 Cercis siliquastrum 24 Sagittaria sagittifolia 31 Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet' 24 Thalia dealbata 32 Crataegus lavalleei 24 Veronica beccabunga 32 Fraxinus angustifolia 'Raywood' 24 Buddleja globosa 32 Fraxinus ornus 24 Ceanothus thyrsifl orus 32 Ligustrum lucidum 25 Chimonanthus praecox 32 Liquidambar styracifl ua 25 Chimonanthus praecox 'Luteus' 33 Magnolia grandifl ora 25 Erica darleyensis 33 Malus 'Golden Hornet' 25 Hamamelis intermedia 33 Nyssa sylvatica 25 Hedera helix 33 Parrotia persica 26 Hyssopus offi cinalis 33 Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' 26 Ilex aquifolium 'J. C. van Tol' 34 Sorbus aria 26 Ilex altaclarensis 34 Sorbus 'Joseph Rock' 26 Kniphofi a rooperi 34 Sorbus thibetica 'John Mitchell' 26 Mahonia media 34 Alisma plantago-aquatica 27 Malus 'Golden Hornet' 34 Butomus umbellatus 27 Sedum spectabile 35 Callitriche stagnalis 27 Sorbus aucuparia 35 Caltha palustris 27 Taxus baccata 35 Canna 'Endeavour' 27 Viburnum opulus 35 Canna 'Erebus' 28 Viburnum bodnantense 35 Canna 'Ra' 28 Carex elata 'Aurea' 28 Ceratophyllum demersum 28 Eleocharis acicularis 28 Fontinalis antipyretica 29 Hosta 'Sum and Substance' 29

38 LANDSCAPING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE 39 Royal Horticultural Society 80 Vincent Square London, SW1P 2PE T.: 0845 260 5000 (UK); +44 (0) 207 834 4333 (overseas) www.rhs.org.uk

The RHS is the UK’s leading gardening charity Registered Charity Number 222879/SCO38262

Registered Ofﬁ ce 14 Rollestone Street, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP1 1DX. UK Tel: +44 (0) 1722 342730 Fax: +44 (0) 1722 329035 [email protected] www.plantlife.org.uk Speaking up for the nation’s wild plants

Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity is a charitable company limited by guarantee. Registered in England and Wales, Charity Number: 1059559 Registered in Scotland, Charity Number: SC038951 Registered Company Number: 3166339. Registered in England and Wales ISBN: 978-1-907141-34-8 © 2010