6666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - HOUSE April 19 The message also announced that the in my own district, under the direction HOUSE OFlttPRESENTATIVES · Senate had passed, with amendments in of a blind director, will give a concert which the concurrence of the House is on the steps of the Capitol at that time. THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1956 requested, a bill of the House of the f al I am sure if you have no other appoint The House m(;)t at 12 o'clock noon. lowing title: ment you will be inspired by the per.:. Very Reverend Harold W. Rigney, rec H. R. 9428. An act to provide for the pro f ormance of this very fine musical group curement of medical and dental officers of the under the direction of a very sensitive tor, Fu Jen Catholic University, Peking, Army, Navy, Air Force, and Public Health and capable director. China, offered the following prayer: Service, and for other purposes. We beg of Thee, Almighty God, to The message also announced that the LEO R. SACK bless the Members of this august body, Senate agrees to the report of the com and to enlighten and guide them in their mittee of conference on the disagreeing Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, I deliberations and decisions so that they votes of the two House·s on the amend ask unanimous consent to address the may continue to preserve and safeguard ments of the House to the bill newspapers, and later as a public of his secretaries. . . THE PRESIDENT OF THE .UNITED relations consultant. STATES . After attending the University of Mis souri School of Journalism, of which he The SPEAKER laid before the House was one of the student founders, he MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE the following message from the President A message from the Senate; by Mr. worked on · newspapers in Springfield, of the United States, which was read Mo., and San Antonio, Tex., before com Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that and, together with accompanying papers, the Senate had passed bills and a joint ing to Washington for Scripps-Howard referred to the Committee on Interstate newspapers, from 1919 to 1933. resolution of the following· titles, .. in and Foreign Commerce: which the concurrence of the House is In the ·1atter year he was appointe~ requested: -To the Congress of the United States: by President Roosevelt as United States In compliance with the provisions of Minister to Costa Rica, with which · S. 2091. An act authorizing the reconstruc country he successfully negotiated our tion, enlargement, and extension of the section 10 (b) (4) of the Railroad Re bridge across the Mississippi River at or near tirement Act, approved June 24, 1937, 1936 trade agreement. Rock Island, Ill.; and of section 12 <1) of the Railroad Meantime, he played a part in the S. 2092. An act transferring to the juris Unemployment Insurance Act, approved 1936 presidential campaign as special diction of the Pepartment of the Army the .June 25, 1938, I transmit herewith for assistant to James A. Farley, then Demo bridge across the Missouri River between the the information of the Congress, the re cratic national chairman. Fort Leavenworth military. reservation in port of the Railroad Retirement Board Mr. Sack was · a veteran of World Kansas and Platte County, Mo., and author War I, serving in France in the pioneer izing its removal; for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1955. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. Army Air Corps of that confiict, and S. 2424. An act to provide that lock and emerged with the rank of major. He was dam numbered 17 on the Black Warrior The WHITE HOUSE, April 19, 1956. River, Ala., shall hereafter be known and appointed an honorary colonel on the designated as the John Hollis Bankhead lock staff of the Governor of Mississippi. and dam; ACCOMPLISHMENTS. OF THE BLIND: He was a member of the National Press S. 2712. An a~t to _authorize the charging of BA_ND CONCERT ON CAPITOL Club here and of the Overseas Writers tolls for transit over the Manette Bridge in STEPS BY BLIND ORCHESTRA in New York. - Bremerton, Wash.; Retiring about 5 years . ago because S. 2854. An act to amend- the National Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask of his. health,· Mr. Sack moved to Los Housing Act, as amended; . unanimous consent to address the House Angeles, where he is survived by his S. 2855. An act to authorize the Commis for 1 minute and to revise and extend my wife, Regina Rogers Sack; a daughter, sioner of Public Housing· to enter into con remarks. Mrs. Sarita Jones; and four grandchil tracts on a . standby or emergency basis for The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dren. To them I extend my sympathy housing to provide shelter for disaster vic the request of the gentleman from Ten tims, an~ for other purposes; and condolences. S. 2859. An act to provide rent-free accom nessee? modations in certain federally aided housing There was no objection. for needy victims of major .disasters, and for Mr. PRlEST. Mr. Speaker, over the CIVIL-RIGHTS LEGISLATION .other purposes; years Congress has demonstrated a sym Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I ask S. 3272. An act to increase and make cer pathetic interest in vocational-rehabili unanimous consent to address the House tain revisions in the general authorization tation problems for the blind. I believe, for 1 minute and to revise and extend for small .:flood-control projects in 'the Flood therefore, the Members who may have my· remarks. Control Act of 1948; and S. J. Res. 160. J.oint resolution to suspend an opportunity to do·so will be interested The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the application of certain laws of the United in a rather unusual band concert upon the request of the gentleman from Cali States ~th respect to counsel employed. by the steps of the United States Capitol fornia? the special committee of the Senate estab about· 2 o'clock toinorro-w afternoon, .There was no objection. lished by Senate Resolution 219; · 84th when 45 members of· a band· from the "Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, it Congress. Tennessee School of the Blind, located was very good news to those of us de- 1956 .. CONGRESSIONAt-RECORD - HOUSE ~667 termined that this Congress must vote the Federal Government the duty to act ently two opposing statements are con on~ civil-rights program thali the Sub when State or local authorities ,abridge sidered better' than one incorrect one. committee of the Judiciary Committee or fail to protect these constitutional The States put up the signs and Civil has reported a civil-rights proiram back rights. Defense Administrator Val Peterson can to the full committee for action. The Mr. Speaker, those of us who believe not remove them even though he feels gentleman from Massachusetts ·CMr. in giving the normal procedures of the they should come down. They 'cost LANE], the chairman of the subc"om House full respect and effect have wait about $65 each and were paid for with mittee, and its members have done their ed patiently and r.espectfully. We know Federal-State matching . funds. They country a splendid service. It is now the many problems involved in such were put up during the duck-for-cover up to the full committee to complete the legislation. But time is running out and age of blockbusters and early atomic job. it is for just such emergencies and un bombs to prevent mass flights from cities, The dominant f a,ct of our American usual situations that the I-i-0use : rules ,according to Administrator Peterson. life is the im:Poi:tance of the individual provided for discharg-e petitions and a , In those days production won wars. The ])erson. From the beginning of our Na discharge calendar. The latter can only philosophy was to absoTb bombing and then tion, we have striven to give to every be considered on the second and fourth get back to work. Now, for instance, one human being an essential dignity and Mondays of the month, except during the megaton bomb can destroy 11 counties and fast 6 days of the session. Realistically 39 cities in the Philadelphia area. All ef integrity which must be respected and forts of civil defense are now directed 'to safeguarded. The welfare of the indi 'then, only May and June remain for getting people out of town- vidual must be the final goal of group life. such action. I am sure that the Mem History has taught me that for man to bers of the House will realize that, if a Says Mr. Peterson, be secure in the rights he wishes for vote-is· to be assured on a civil-rights Yet, at the time of that statement, himself, he must be willing to respect .program, all committee action, includ authorities on all sides were speculating the rights of other men. I believe that ing the Rules Committee, must be con -0n whether we would have time to get this is the conscious recognition of the cluded shortly. the people out of town. Earlier in Feb~ basic moral principle that all men are The protection of civil rights is a na ruary 200 mayors from cities of over 50,· ~reated equal as well as free. Flowing tional. problem which affects everyone. 000 population all over the country gath~ from this principle is the obligation to We need to guarantee the same rights to ered here in Washington. They were build social institutions that will guaran .every person, regardless of who he is, .told the shocking news that with the tee equality of opportunity to all men. where he lives, or what his racial, re intercontinental ballistic missiles which Without this equality, freedom becomes liglous, or national origin is. That is is rumored to be l year from actuality a mockery. the obligation of our Government. The in Russian military research, the pres Freedom ean only. exist where each Congress must v'ote on civil rights. ent 2-hour warnings before attack citizen, no matter what his color, is could be cut down to 15 minutes. This assured.that his person is secur~ aga,inst left the mayors, as it must leav.e any one lawless violence, economic intimidation, CIVIL DEFENSE who absorbs the implications, numb wit}) and arbitrary arrest and punishment. Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask the feeling of hopelessness and wnat can To be free, men must be subject to· dis unanimous consent to address the House we do? cipline by society only for violations of for 1· minute and to revise and extend At this point in the nuclear age we law clearly defined and only after trial x:µy remarks. :find ourselves beyond the atomic, by due process of law. Where the ad The SPEAKER. Is there objection to through the hydrogen, a.nd entering into ministration of justice is discriminatory, the request of the gentleman from Ohio? the mysterious and fearful era of the so no man can be sure.of security. History There was no objection. called ultimate weapon. This is known has taught us that where the threat of in military circles as the ICBM-the in violence by private persons or mobs exist, Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, civil de tercontinental ballistics missile. Accord the freedom of aietivity and security of fense is the greatest challenge and the ing to leading columnists and national the person is absent Where a society greatest failure in our national effort to magazines, the Soviet tests on the IRBM, permits private and arbitrary violence to day. or lntermediate-range ballistic missile, be done to its members, no matter what In an attempt to start a constructive ..are rather final and decisive proof that their color or station of life, its own in move toward a more effective and real our country has lagged far behind in tegrity is inevitably corrupted. We can istic civil defense program, I am intro missile development. Until a few months not permit human beings to be impris ducing a concurrent resolution to set up ago, the American missile program alto oned or killed in the. absence of due a Joint Committee on Civil Defense. gether neglected the intermediate ranges, process of law, no matter in what .section The purpose of this c6mmittee is to give and this was the subject of a bitter inter,. of our country they reside, without de nonmilitary-defense the continuing Rnd service quarrel finally .resulting in the grading our whole society. constant attention of the Congress that .-crash program recently announced by the Today, freedom from fear, and the it so urg-ently requires. -Defense Department to perfect the.IRBM democratic institution which sustains it, Mr. Speaker,as I traveled from Toledo in the shortest possible time. Unfortu- are again under .attack. In some places, to Washington recently, I noticed some ,nately, we have to quote magazines and local enforcement of law and order has 57 large, green and white signs informing journalists in this vital field because ·ot broken· down, and ip.dividuals have been me that in case of enemy attack the road the lack of a comprehensive policy state killed, maimed, or intimidated. on which I was traveling would be closed. ment by the Defense Department on Freedom from fear is the handmaiden I wonder if this road will be closed, Mr. where we stand in this life and death to equality of opportunity. Without Speaker; ancL if so, whether the decision race. It is time the administration made freedom from fear, equality of oppor:.. to close it will be an intelligent one. a frank statement giving an honest esti tunity can never be realized. We have These signs are a further means of con mate of the situation. . The value of been blessed in America; freedom from fusing the public. It gives them the secrecy must be carefully weighed fear has been more fully realized in our impression that our civil-defense efforts against the value of giving such informa country than in any other land. Yet, are completely apart from them as indi tion to the public and· the civil defenS:e some groups in our population are not viduals. They are not to use this road. What are they to do? No one has told workers, and creating public incentive for equally free from· fear, nor do they en the necessary protective measures. joy equality of opportunity. them. This certainly does not inspire the self-help philosophy upon which our If the civil defense authorities do not The preservation of civil rights is the know what the threat is, as I have reason prime duty of every government, wheth civil defense is supposedly based. er it be Federal, State; or local. Wher A revealing article appeared in the to suspect that they do not, the situation ever law-enforcement measures and the Washington Post on February 21 under is of tragic proportions. I have a letter authority of Federal, State, or local gov lining the confusion concerning . these from a former civil defense official stat- ernments are inadequate to discharge signs .that harks back to the total lack . ing that no policy statement had reached this primary function of government, of coordination ·and adequate control him regarding the new menace or a pos these measures and this authority should over ,the civil· defense program. ·The. ar sible revision of the old evacuation plans. be strengthened and i_mproved. l'he ticle. said that new signs will soon be He felt he was way out 'in left field..:_ constitutional -guaranties of· equal pro ~dded to· the old ones stating :"This is . excluded from vital information and ·ad tection under the laws clearly place on a civil defense escape route." Appar- vice that civil defense workers must have. r!}668' CONGR.ESSIONAL --ll~CORD --. HOUSE' April 19. I am unhappy to inform him that we are cities and the civil-defense directors- of lstrators·-·or the program. Those who all out in left field, and apparently no~ States having a number of those cities, have studied and worked with the leaders body has been informed or -is seeking to pointed out that they would· need emer of this program have · great respect for , get the information necessary for a new, gency aid from the outside that would them, but point out that the administra mea_ningful approach to our civil-defense probably nqt be forthcoming. They tors' hands are tied by the weak law problems. . argued that the civil defense of the Na and lack of f urids. As Congressman HOLIFIELD pointed out tion could be built up to effectiveness Altogether, Federal, State, and local on last June 15, the day of the mock only in the same command pattern as governments spent a total ·for the civil evacuation of Washington, a new ap the military defense. defense of the Nation of $95,242,000 dur proach has been in order since it was The proposal was again rejected. The µig fiscal 1954. In contrast, the annual proven that bombs can be made and de majority opinion of the States through expenditures of all citizens for fire insur livered with power release measured in the Council of State Governments, ~alied ance premiums are more than $1.5 bil· multiple-million-ton TNT equivalent. for the preservation of the independence lions. For casualty insurance of all This date was November 1952. Almost 4 of the States in civil defense. The Fed.:. kinds, the annual premiums are $4.5 bil.:. years have passed. The hydrogen weap eral Civil Defense Administration is to lions additional. Together for protec on has been improved in power, decreased continue to offer plans and to coordinate tion against the normal occurrence of in size, and methods of delivery have the outcome, but-it is not to assume com either fire and casualty, all the citizens i been improved and are now reaching the mand over State or local operations dur paid an annual insurance premium of ·ballistics stage. The administration ·has ing emergencies. some $6 billions. Civil defense is a na failed to accept these facts in terms of Mr. Speaker, here we are practically in tional insurance policy. Like any insur proposing legislation to replace the obso the ultimate weapon era using the tactics ance policy, it is valuable not because lete Civil Defense Act of 1950. of Davy Crockett in defending ourselves. we· are sure something will happen but Perhaps the best approach to the prob I am all for self-help and initiative· on because we want real protection if it does. lem at this point is to look into the ori the State level. But how can we help How much then should the Nation pay gins of civil defense, discover what its in ourselves against the devastation of a for civil defense? The Federal budget herent weaknesses are, and where we are hydrogen bomb? We must have a strong for :fiscal 1954 gave military defense $34.5 today in the evolutfon of the program. overall leadership with skilled guidance billions. The military function is to cut The present civil defense program was and aid from the Federal level. Through down an attack to manageable size. The first established by Executive Order No. this leadership the proper information civil defense function is to survive it. 10186, issued December l, 1950. It pro and means of self-help can then reach They supplement each other. The next vided for the establishment of a Federal down into the smallest political subdi war could be won by the military defense Civil Defense Administration-originally vision. But the proper defenses against and lost by the civil defense. . · a part of the Office of Emergency Man devastating hydrogen attack cannot pos One of our major- hopes is that we agement-which became an independent sibly start on the local level and work can develop defensive weapons in time agency under the Federal Civil Defense up to a strong national program. We to meet the threat of the ultimate weap '.Act of 1950, Public Law 920, 81st Con are not fighting the Indians, remember. on. But we cannot bank on this in our gress. And there are very few forts left in our civil defense planning. Yet, we must This law specifically declared it to. be country to which we can repair to de- balance our expenditures for scientific the policy and intent of Congress that f end ourselves. , development, m·ilitary- defense and civil the responsibility for civil defense shall A review of the financial requests of defense to get the most effective results be vested primarily in the States and the Federal Civil · Defense Administra from the final overall program. their political subdivisions. There is tion and what Congress has ·given them A second hope is that through the complete lack of acceptance of responsi is_an indictment of the lack of Federal United Nations and international agree• bility .by the Federal Government. interest and responsibility in this crucial ments we can work out a really effec Under the Constitution, article I, section field: tive system for armaments control and 8, it is provided that "the Congress shall inspection. The United Nations Sub have power to provide for the common . Requested Approved committee on Disarmament now meeting defense and general welfare of the in London seems to be making some United States."- Yet, in this legislation 1952______$403, 000, 000 $33, 581, 000 progress, a small but significant begin for nonmilitary defense, the Congress 1952______535, 000, 000 75, 310, 000 ning, in this field. We must never give 1953______600, 000, 000 43, 000,000 has abdicated its responsibility at the 1954______125, 200, 000 46, 525, 000 up our efforts for averting war in every outset. Since then, Federal, State, and 1955______85, 750, 000 49, 325, 000 conceivable way. At the same time, one 1955______59, 300, 000 56, 350, 000 local statutes have provided for a na Supplemental. ______------of the surest deterrents is strength tional civil-defense structure in three 12,325,000 strength in defensive weapons, strength superposed levels. It resembles a com in civil defense planning, and strength mand structure but no level has statu in a citizenry alerted to the potential tory authority to control the one below, dangers. This is why I feel we must even in an emergency, but only to co:"" Mr. Speaker, these figures tell a shock give due recognition to the importance ordinate it. ·That means persuading ing story. Why do :vou suppose the of civil defense. equals to work together. We all know FCDA request fo_r appropriations dropped The only general publication designed how extremely difficult and unworkable from $600 million in 1953 to $59.3 million to inform: the public which I have seen that can be. The only forces the Fed in 1956 when the need has multiplied come out of the ciV11 Defense Adminis eral Civil Defense Administrator con· tremendously and not diminished as the tration is a little pamphlet, done in a trols, even under attack, are the em request would indicate? humorous but effective vein, called Facts ployees of the Federal Government other It is because they have discovered over About Fallout. This can be of some use than military. The only forces a gover the 6 years of their life that it is useless to those citizens not directly affected by nor controls are generally the mobile to ask for more. Both the Bureau of a bombing-that is, those who are out support groups which he is authorized the Budget and the FCDA have realized side the critical areas but who might by statute to organize directly, to sup that Congress is in no mood to grant be exposed to r~dioactivity by upper plement the civil defense of the subdivi more than a relative pittance for civil winds carrying the particles long dis sions. Generally, _local volunteers com defense. The public apathy is so great, tances. This seems typical of the whole mit themselves to serve only in their own the Congress is deaf to their needs. This ·program as conceived in the law-to deal political subdivisions and in neighboring apathy seems to be based on three with the fringe issues and avoid the vital subdivisions with which there is a mu assumptions: question: what is our overall national tual-aid· agreement-each · to pick the First, the feeling that it is ·useless to plan in the event of ·atomic attack to other up. The civil defense of the Na build effective defenses, and, indeed, care for the actual target areas? This tion is a voluntary system in which a financially impossible to do so. Sec question is still unanswered. It is vital citizen does only what he chooses to do. ondly, that Russia does not have the to our national survival that it be dealt When the emergency powers of FCDA ability to deliver the bomb. Grounds for with immediately. I believe a Joint Con came up for congressional renewal in this belief are fast disappearing. And, gressional Committee on Civil Defense is June 1954, the mayors of critical target thirdly, lack of confidence in the admin- the best direct method· of dealing with 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6669 .this problem and finding a solution. :t winged and can be blown for many miles. Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker fm .. hope my bill, which was introduced in They give birth to living young and fertiliza mediately after the vote was takeii yes .. the Senate by Senator HUMPHREY, will tion is unnecessary. The life cycle varies from 15 to 20 days, which means that there terday on the Presidential veto of the receive serious consideration and fa .. can be from 12 to 20 generations produced recent farm bill, I introduced a separate vorable action by the House. a year. While the aphid is especially bad on farm bill which includes only the pro alfalfa, it has also been found on burr clover, visions of the soil bank plan contained sweet clover, and sour clbver. in the old bill. CORRECTION OF EXTENSION OF The aphids can be controlled on alfalfa by In my opinion it would be a serious REMARKS the use of organic phosphates such as mala• mistake for us to do nothing further on thion and parathion, also by the use of chlo Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask rinated hydrocarbons such as DDT and toxa some kind of a farm bill this year. The unanimous consent to correct an exten.. phene. Usually when chemicals are used soil bank plan has the almost unani sion of my remarks on March 28, 1956, they last for only a short time and from · 1 mous support of every Member on both by including an additional paragraph to 7 treatments may be needed for a single sides of the aisle. Everyone realizes that which was inadvertently omitted. hay crop. Recent reports indicate that the if we had been voting on the soil bank The SPEAKER. Is there objection to effecti~eness of some of these chemicals plan alone recently it would have passed varies with location and climatic conditions. overwhelmingly. the request of the gentleman from New There are natural enemies of the aphid, York? one of which is the ladybird beetle. At the The soil bank plan is badly needed t~ There was no objection. present time the Department of Agriculture reduce the surpluses . on hand. It is and the California Agricultural Experiment simply an incentive method of inducing Station are releasing additional natural farmers to reduce acreage. By reduc DAMAGE TO ALFALFA CROPS BY THE enemies in the hope that this method of tion in acreage we get a reduction in SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID control will have some effect. It should be supply. pointed out that when dusts or sprays are Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask used on the, fields they not only" k111 the If it were Possible to reduce the corn unanimous consent to address the House aphids but also the naturai enemies. acreage by 15 percent in the -commercial for 1 minute, to revise and extend my The Agricultural Research Service is very areas of this country, our present corn remarks and include extraneous matter. much concerned over this insect and has surplus would almost disappear in 1 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to speeded up its research program. An attempt year's time. The result would be a the request of the gentleman froni Okla .. is being made to find cheaper and better corresponding increase in prices for the chemicals which may be used for the im farmer in the market place. The same homa? mediate control. Also, it would be desirable would be true of other basic products, There was no objection. to find chemicals which would kill the aphids Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, the Com and not the natural enemies, but as yet no as supply came more into balance with mittee on Agriculture has had widespread such chemicals are available. demand. reports of extensive damage being caused The second line of attack is a search for I have repeatedly said I would back to alfalfa crops of the Far West, South, insect parasites which might attack the any reasonable plan which had a chance West, and Middle West by the spotted aphid. The Department is searching for such of success that would make an impact alfalfa aphid. . parasites in France and India and the Cali in our surplus situation. · Frankly, this fornia Agricultural Experiment Station is is the only plan in the 6 years I have Taking cognizance of these disturbing making a similar search in Egypt, Israel, reports, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. and Italy. So far we have introduced about been in Congress which I think has a POAGE], the vice chairman of the Com 4,000 samples of parasites; some of which chance to reduce surpluses. · By that I mittee on Agriculture, has today ap have been released in California and Arizona. mean it is the only plan which has been pointed a subcommittee, the pµrpose of This approach has been so recent that as yet ·suggested which will reduce the: yearly which is. to investigate this problem. we have no definite information to prove Supply. ;.. . . the buildup in the· field of these natural I was 1·· of the 5 authors of Public · ' The members are the gentleman from enemies. · Texas [~r. THOMPSON], the gentleman Law-480; the Surplus ·Agricultural Dis The third approach has to do with the posal Act. · I predicted 3 years ago that from Kentucky [1\ifr. WATTS], the gen .. question of resistant varieties. It so happens tleman from Tennessee [Mr. Bassl, the that· the Agricultural Research Service, in .bill would do a good job in helping ·to gentleman from Virginia [Mr. JENNINGS], cooperation with the Nevada Agricultural Ex sell our surpluses overseas. The bill has the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. periment Station, has developed a. variety of succeeded better than I expected at that HILL], the gentleman from South Dakota alfalfa named Lahontan which is resistant time-but that bill cannot carry the CMr. LovRE], the gentleman from Okla to the aphid. So far as we know, this variety load alone. We simply have to find some homa CMr. BELCHER], and myself as is of rather limited adaptation, but it is method of reducing the yearly output. being tested in a number of States. By this The soil bank plan does this. chairman. fall there will be a supply of approximately The committee will open a hearing 2 million pounds of seed of this variety These are very real reasons as to why on this matter at 10 a. 'm. on Tuesday, avail~ble ~or planting. It is quite possible the House Committee on Agriculture April 24. that while Lahontan will not be the answer should start hearings immediately on the Preliminary to the appointment of this for many years it will give temporary relief: soil bank plan. I know the chairman of subcommittee to determine the extent At the same time we have speeded up our that great committee is a patriotic Amer .. breeding program so as to transfer this re ican and a true friend of agriculture. He of this infestation, its cost to farmers siE:tance of Lahontan to varieties of alfalfa and what remedies now are being con.. adapted to different areas of the country. can demonstrate again his great states.. sidered, I made inquiry to the .Agricul .. This program is going to be pushed just as manship by putting aside all differences tural Research Service, and today I am rapidly as is possible .. over. the recently vetoed bill and come in receipt of this information from Dr. All of our research program is in coopera ~orward with the soil bank plan which, B. T. Shaw, Administrator of the Re .. tion with the various State agricultural ex in my estimation, could prove a monu · search Service: periment stations. When we realized that - - this situat ion was becoming quite serious ment to his integrity and far-sighted .. The spotted alfalfa aphid was :first dis- some additional funds were made available ness. . - covered in New Mexico in 1954 and later in in the current fiscal year. In our 1957 budget If the Secretary of Agrlculture follows the same year it was found in Arizona. and we have included additional requests for California. At first it was confused with the · ~mt' th~ President's radio speech of a few funds .to.step up the work on the entomologi days ago, he will support corn a~ about yellow clover aphid which had been in· this cal phases as .well as the development o! country for some time, and at that time no resistant varieties. $1.50 and wheat at $2. This would give one was certain that we were dealing with a strength to ·farm income in 1956. But µew form. In 1955 the aphid had spread to we do need to pass the soil bank plan 11 more States, all west of the Mississippi River. Information at hand now indicates FARM LEGISLATION i~ _order to be ready for the planting that it has spread into additional States, Mr. SPRINGElt. Mr. Speaker, I ask season of 1957. If Congress had passed and there is a feeling that it will eventually unanimous consent to address the House the soil bank plan in 1955, we would have cover the entire alfalfa area. Severe damage !or 1 minute. been in the position to implement it this has been reported from California, Texas, year. In my opinion, it would be serious Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The eradication or control of this aphid the request of the gentleman from rm .. for this Congress to adjourn without ts extremely difficult. Nearly all of the nois? having passed a soil bank plan for the aphids are females and a. large proportion is Tl;l.ere was no objection. growing year 1957. 6670 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 19 DOMESTIC ·PARITY PLAN FOR Tenth: It Will return to the farm·er · The National Merit Scholarship Corp. WHEAT· greater freedom and control over the op estimates that these 4,300 students com eration of his own farm: prise, the top one':"'half ··of 1 percent of Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani.:. our Nation's high-school seniors. mous consent to address the House for 1 Certificates of merit will be awarded minute and to revise and extend iny .re WOMEN'S CONGRESS ON. ;HOUSING to each of the 4,300 who will compete in marks. Mr. COLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani a final exainination for 520 4-year col The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mous consent to address the House for 1 the request of the gentleman from lege scholarshiPs valued at $6,000 each. minute and to revise and extend my re• All of the 4,300 certificate winners are Kansas? marks. deserving of scholarships and the cor There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to pcration reparts that all would get them Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I have today the request of the gentleman from New if the money was available. A list of reintroduced legislation to provide for York? these talented students is being sent to putting into effect the domestic parity There was no objection. co1leges, universities, and other scholar plan for wheat. The bill which I have Mr. COLE. Mr. Speaker, a shcn:t time ship granting agencie~. introduced is identical with subtitle D of ago, Albert Cole, Housing Administrator, The 13 seniors from southwestern Ore"' title V of the Agricultural Act of 1956 re- announced a plan to ·have women from gon reaching the final round of com cently vetoed by the President. · the various parts of the country meet petition are: Jerry ·Miller and Peter This legislation, which has wide sup here in Washington for a Women's Con- Windt, of Ashland; Judith W. Finell, of port among wheat farmers as we~l . as gress on Housing. · Coos Bay; ·LaSells Stewart, of Cottage such organizations· as the National Because of the similarity of names, I Grove; David Harrmgton, of Eugene; Grange and the National Association o~ have received a number of letters ad~ Kathryn Compton, of Florence; William Wheat Growers, provides, in my opinion, dressed to "Mr. Cole, Washington, D. C.,'' Burroughs, Thomas H. Denny, Jr., and the best and most effective solution to which, upon being opened and read, I Edgar Stout, of Grants Pass; Thomas the great problems which confront the found were intended for Albert Cole. McDonough, of North Bend; Larry D. wheatgrowers of this Nation today: Not only were the letters generous in Jones, of Springfield; ahd Keith D. These problems ·of ·course are not the their praise of the idea soliciting home Ryder, of Winston. problems alone of wheatgrowers, they building plans from the housewife, but concern all of agricl1lture as well as out many of them contained what I thought It is a great honor and privilege for me national economy as a whole. · to be sincere suggestions. to pay tribute to these outstanding This legislation has already passed A noted woman columnist, Sylvia young people and to represent in Con~ both the ·House Representatives and Porter, states that the idea of such a gress an area whfoh consistently pro of duces such fine examples of American the Senate and its objectives and prin women's congress is "such a common youth. ciples are well enough known that I do sense approach that, in an era when not believe it is necessary for me to make commonsense often seems on a perma any extended explanation of the same at nent holiday, it appears nothing short of SPECIAL COMMITTEE COUNSEL this time. I would, however, like to take brilliant." Mr. . CEILER. Mr. Speaker, I ask. this opportunity to point out a few of the Another prominent woman, Mrs. The unanimous consent for the immediate more obvious advantages of this legisla odore s. Chapman, president of the consideration of the resolution ill that permits the Treas ance and, at the same time, minimizes the ances will not be required. ury to borrow up to $5 billion in short danger of sudden, sharp strains on the com AMENDMENTS TO FEDERAL RESERVE ACT-HEAR• term securities direct from the Federal ·mercial banks and in the money market gen· INGS, BANKING AND CURRENCY COMMITI'EE• Reserve banking system. It is a fine erally. . JUNE 14, 1950, H. R. 7894 provision. In connection with the 1947 extension, STATEMENT OF EDWARD S. BARTELT, FISCAL Mr. Chairman, if you will go back and Chairman Eccles, of the Federal Reserve ASSISTANT TO SECRETARY OF TREASURY ·read the history of the legislation you It is the considered opinion of the Treas· ·wm discover, as I did, that the real intent ·Board, stated in part before the House ury Department that the authority of H. R. of the legislation as originally proposed committee: '7894 ·would be in the public interest; and, was for the purpose of making it un The direct-purchase authority ls, in ef therefore, we strongly recommend the en· necessary_ to keep such enormous bal fect, merely an overdraft privilege with the actinent of the bill. . · ances in private banks, without inte_rest Reserve banks-a. line of available credit for The CHAIRMAN. This bill was initiated by ·use if needed. Without it, the Treasury the Treasury; was it not? incidentally. That is one of the main Mr. BARTELT. It was; yes sir. objects and purposes of the bill. :would feel obliged to carry much larger cash ·balances, which means that it would have to The CHAIRMAN. It is a Treasury bill? NEED FOR LARGER TREASURY BALANCES IN· AB• , borrow more and thereby increase the Mr. BARTELT. 11; is primarily a Treasury bill. SENCE OF AUTHORITY FOR RESE!!-VE BANKS It is to facilitate Treasury operations. amount and cost <;>f the public debt. In The CHAmMAN. And it simplifies the Treas TO PURCHASE SECURITIES DIRECTLY FROM other words, having the overdraft authority, TREASURY ury operations and prevents you from float even though there may be no need to use ing issues that you otherwise would have to A question has been raised as to the it, enables the Treasury to carry smaller do; is that not true? legislative history of the provision in sec balances than otherwise would be .possible Mr. BARTELT. It makes lt possible, Mr. tion 14 (b) of the Federal Reserve Act and thus reduces interest charges. Chairman, to do two things: maintain a CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 19. smaller balance than otherwise would be re easy; whether interest rates will be high transaction of $5 billion~ the Treasury quired, and, secondly, it enables us to main or whether or not they will be low. Pres being able to borrow that amount from tain a better distribution of our balances be ident Woodrow Wilson's leadership pre twe.en the Reserve banks and special deposi the Federal Reserve Board, just across taries than otherwise would be· possible. vented the private bankers from being the street. Unless ·my amendment is on these boards, and his argument was adopted they will have to go to New York that it would be just as reasonable to put and get private bankers to agree to that STATEMENT OF RALPH YOUNG, DIRECTOR OF RE• railroad owners on the Interstate Com SEARCH AND STATISTICS OF THE FEDERAL RE• before they can consummate a transac SERVE BOARD, HEARINGS; FEDERAL. RESERVE merce Commission and let them fix rail tion here in Washington, D. C., involving ACT AMENDMENTS, BANKING AND CURRENCY road rates as to put bankers on the Fed Government credit, the Government's COMMITTEE, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, eral Reserve boards or on a policymaking own money, in a transaction between the MARCH 21, 1~52 . board where they could influence the Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board. Mr. YOUNG. I am here, Mr. Chairman, to cost of money or interest rates. There They should not be required to do that. testify on behalf of the Board of Governors was a terrific battle going on between Why should we have to ask private bank of the Federal Reserve System, and I would the big banks of the country and the ers to use our own money? So I expect like to say at the outset that the Board ap Congress on that one issue, and when it to offer an amendment providing that it preciates very much this opportunity to have came down to the question of actually will be a matter between the Federal its views expressed at this hearing. getting it done, Mr. Carter Glass, who The proposed legislation, H. R. 6909, would Reserve Board, seven public members make permanent the present· temporary au was chairman of the House Committee charged with performing a public serv thority of the Federal Reserve banks, to pur on Banking and Currency at that time, ice and public duty and the Treasury chase Government obligations directly from went to the White House with a delega only, and they will not have to go the United States.· tion to see President Wilson, and here through Mr. Sproul who was selected by Except between the years 1935 and 1942, is what he said in his book, Adventure in the private bankers of the New York the Federal Reserve banks have always had Constructive Finance, commencing on area to represent them. That is very: authority to purchase Government obliga page 115. He said: reasonable. · I think ·the amendment tions directly from the Treasury. Since 1942, this authority has been limited by section The President was courteous and con should be adopted and I hope it will be 14 (b) of the Federal Reserve Act to an ag tained. These great bankers, arbiters for adopted. · gregate maximum amount of $5 billion at years of the country's credits, were grouped The CHAIRMAN. The time of the any one time, and the provision has been about the President's desk in the Executive gentleman from Texas [Mr. PATMAN] has temporary in nature. office adjoining the Cabinet room. I eat expired. While the time limit has been extended outside the circle, having already voiced my own dissent from the President's attitude. Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, at the from time to time the authority under pres moment, I have no further request fo·r ent law will terminate on June 30 of this Now, it will be noticed that Senator year. The Board of Governors believes that time. I reserve the balance of my time. the direct purchase authority of the Federal Glass was really for the bankers being on Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield Reserve banks is desirable. the board. Notice that. 5 minutes to the gentleman from Geor This authority provides a useful mecha Presid-ent Wilson faced the group across gia [Mr. BROWN]. nism for helping to smooth out the effect of the desk, and as these men drove home what Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Chair short-run peaks in Treasury cash receipts seemed to me good reason after good reason man, I rise i.n support of H. R. 9285 as and disbursements, so that the disturbing for banker representation on the central effect of their fiow through the banking sys board, I actually experienced a sense of re reported by your Committee on Bank tem :niay be held to a minimum. gret that I had a part in subjecting Mr. ing and Currency. This bill would ex .. It also makes possible for the Treasury to Wilson to such an ordeal. When they had tend until June 30, 1958, tne present operate with a smaller cash balance than ended their arguments Mr. Wilson, turning authority of the Federal Reserve banks might otherwise be needed, since it provides more particularly to Forgan and Wade, said to purchase securities directly from the a means by which the Treasury, if necessary, quietly: "Will one of you gentlemen tell me Treasury in amounts not to exceed $5 may temporarily meet large cash outlays, of in what civilized country of the earth there billion outstanding at any ·one time. which it has not had previous notice. are important boards of control on which Prior to 1935 Federal Reserve banks This happens to be the lOOth anni private interests are represented?" There was painful silence for the longest single could purchase Government obligations versary of the birth of Woodrow Wilson. moment I ever spent; and before it was either 'in the market or directly from Woodrow Wilson was the father of the broken Mr. Wilson further inquired: "Which the Treasury. The Banking Act of 1935, Federal Reserve Act. Without his guid of you gentlemen thinks the railroads should however, required that all purchases of ance and leadership, we would not have select members of the Interstate Commerce Government securities by Federal Re any Federal Reserve System. I think Commission?" There could be no con serve banks be made in the open mar the Federal Reserve System is a great vincing reply to either question, so the dis ket. In 1942 the authority of the Fed system. cussion turned to other points of the cur eral Reserve banks to purchase securities Contrary to what people usually say, it rency bill; and notwithstanding a des directly from the Treasury was restored, perate effort was made iri the Senate to give ls not owned by the private banks. The the banks minority representation on the but a limit of $5 billion was placed on 12 Federal Reserve banks are owned by Reserve Board, the proposition did not the amount outstanding at any one time. the Government of the United States. prevail. The $5-billion authority was granted ini They are not owned by private banks. tially only through 1944, but the Con As a matter of convenience, private Now, by reason of President Woodrow gress has extended it from time to time banks are required to make a certain in Wilson's leadership for 20 years there so as to provide continuous limited direct vestment which is so insignificant in was no private banker representation borrowing authority ever since. The value that it could not be construed as upon any board that had policymaking present authority was granted for 2 years ownership and not intended to be owner power, and President Wilson was right. and expires June 30, 1956. ship. It is not voting privileges. They But long after President Wilson was The primary purpose of this direct bor have no voting rights by reason of this gone and during a great depression when rowing authority is to help the Treasury involuntary assessment upon the banks. we were grasping at everything for the and the Federal Reserve System work to They do not own stock as the word purpose of helping our economy and our gether in minimizing the disturbing ef .. "stock" is generally known . . It is an in currency and credit systems, Senator fects on the economy of short-run voluntary investment; very smaH. So, Glass yielded-of course, he was formerly peaks in Treasury cash receipts and dis remember this, th,e Federal Reserve for it-and permitted the banker repre bursements, particularly around the time banks are not owned by the member sentation. Today on the Open Market of quarterly income-tax payments. banks. The Federal Reserve banks are Committee of 12 memb~rs, the _most These short-run movements of funds owned by the Government of the United powerful men on earth, who absolutely are large and precise estimates of their States. control our money and credit, 5 are se day-to-day patterns are often di:tlicult. Now, when this bill was before the lected by the private banks. That is This direct borrowing authority in effect Congress in 1913, there was an effort just like having five railroad owners on gives the Treasury an overdraft privi made· to put private bankers on the the Interstate Commerce Commission to lege with the Federal Reserve banks, boards determining policy; in other fix freight rates or passenger rates. thus permitting the Treasury to carry words, to determine whether or not That is the situation. Here is the smaller cash balances than it would money will be tight or whether it will·be way it applies to this bill. H·ere is a otherwise feel obliged to maintain in 1956. -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE ~675 ' order to meet its day-to-day- needs. It Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. McVEY. - I have a great deal of represents a useful fiscal mechanism for gentleman yield? respect for the distinguished gentleman the Treasury anci the Federal Reserve Mr. GROSS. I am happy to Yield to from Iowa and his views generally are and -its -use has avoided unnecessary my colleague .from Iowa. views with which I am usually in accord,· financial strains on the money market Mr. TALLE. The Treasury can oper· but I cannot see this idea of printing on a number of occasions. ate without the use of this auth-0rity. press money as a replacement for this Treasury borrowing from the Federal If the Treasury did not have this author procedure. We have peaks and valleys in Reserve banks under this authority has ity and it found itself short of funds, the receipt of taxes, and if we do not been used infrequently arid then only which has h£ppened occasionally in the have some provision whereby the Gov for short periods. The last time it was past, it would sell 90-day notes, and, of ernment can get money together in the used was on March 17, 1954. Borrow course, interest would be paid on those low points in tax collection, we must ing has exceeded $1 billion only -rarely. notes. When those Treasury notes are carry in the Treasury at all times a suf The Treasury and the Federal Reserve sold, reserves in the banks are reduced ficient amount of money to meet all the have used the direct borrowing author because the money is used for buying the bills of the Government. We cannot do ity only to meet temporary requirements notes. What, then, would the Federal that for nothing, because we have to take of the nature previously discussed. The Reserve do? The Federal :Reserve would taxpayers' money. Therefore I just can authority is also, however, a safeguard buy Government securities in order to not see the kind of reasoning that the that could be used in the event of any release money and restore the reserves gentleman has expressed on the floor. sudden nationwide emergency requiring of the banks. That is a long, rounda Mr. GROSS. Since the gentleman is heavy cash payments from the Treasury bout way to do it, and a costly way. It on his feet, may I ask him this question: before securities could ·be sold. is like one man digging a hole and an What happens if, under the provisions of . While admittedly this is a broad pow other man filling it up. The direct pur· this bill, you have $5 billion .outstanding er, properly used it is a very useful one. chase method saves money and is a con at the termination of this law? What It is a power which your committee be venience to the Treasury in its day-to then happens? How are you going t-o get lieves automatically should be brought day operations whenever the money the $5 billion out of circulation? before the Congress for periodic review market is strained. Perhaps· one day's Mr. McVEY. At the termination of and hence the proposed extension of the borrowing would be enough 1n some in this law? authority :(or only a 2-year period! stances. Rather than employ the costly Mr. GROSS. Yes; under this law, the When the authority is utilized a record operation of printing the notes and sell Treasury is permitted to obtain $5 bil of its use is included in the weekly state ing them, and all else I have mentioned, lion; is that not correct? ment of condition of the 12 Federal Re this direct, quick, and economical meth Mr. McVEY. That is right. serve banks, which is publisped in news~ od is preferable. Mr. GROSS. How would you retire the papers on Thursdays of each week. Mr. GROSS. The gentleman still has $5 billion .at the expiration of this law if Further, existing law requires that the not answered my question. You still it is extended another 2 years? How are Board of Governors of the Federal Re have to have some form of transaction you going to get the $5 billion out of serve System include detailed informa under the terms of this bill between the circulation? tion with-respect to use of this authority Treasury, the Federal Reserve, and the Mr. McVEY. That has to come from in its annual report to Congress. member banks thereof. Is that not the Treasury of the United States and Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 correct? the taxpayers of this country. That is minutes to· the gentleman from Iowa Mr. TALLE. The Treasury does pay why I think we should have a procedure [Mr. GROSS]. interest on the loans for the short period of this kind so that we can continue to ·Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I have of time that it has the money. serve during the valleys in tax collections opposed this bill each time it has been Mr. GROSS. Exactly, but why not instead of maintaining in the Treasury before the House since I have been a issue money and pay it out for services at all times the total amount of money Member of the House. I recall that back rendered to the Government and when sumcient to meet the bills of the Gov in 1948 or 1949 the late distillguished the need for it is over, recall the money ernment. Senator from Ohio, Mr. Taft, called this and destroy it. Mr. GROSS. The gentleman does an outright and unadulterated printing Mr. TALLE. The gentleman is advo agree that there could be $5 billion out press-money bill, and that is exactly cating something with which I am not standing at the termination of this law ,what it is. It does not make any dif familiar and do not endorse. under certain provisions for which there f etence how thick or how thin you slice Mr. GROSS. This method provides is no other authority than this law; and it, this-is a printing-press-money bill. that you pay interest on it whereas if it could only be removed through tax The thing I have never been able to the Federal Government issued the levies; is that not correct? understand is why those who believe in money and paid it out, as I say again, printing-press money, those who believe for services rendered to the Government, Mr. McVEY. The Treasury would that the Government should have $5 it would be saving the taxpayers of this have to meet that either with notes or billion in obligations outstanding at any country the interest on the money. I do with funds in the Treasury. one time through this process of kiting not think the gentleman can deny that. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the checks; do not advocate that the Gov Mr. TALLE. As a matter of fact, the gentleman has again expired. ernment simply print money, pay it out direct purchase method saves the tax Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield for services rendered to the Government payers money because the 90-day notes 3 minutes to the gentleman from Illinois during the period the Government deems would be costlier. · CMr. O'HARA]. it necessary to use the money; just print Mr. GROSS. I am not speaking in Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Chair money and pay it out for services ren terms of the 90-day notes, I am speaking man, we are hearing a great deal of talk dered to the Government, and save the in terms of currency now since it is a about $5 billion and it is all meaningless. interest, the taxpayers' money, which printing-press-money bill no matter There is in the pending bill an author you are going to pay on Treasury notes what process you use. ization not to exceed $5 billion. But or certificates that will be issued under The CHAIRMAN. The time of the what are the facts? In 14 years the bor this legislation. Why not? When yoti. gentleman from Iowa has expired. rowings exceeded, and then only slightly print Treasury certificates or notes and Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield the $1-billion figure in but 2 years, 1943 make them available to the banks of this the .gentleman another 2 minutes. · and 1953. In the last Roosevelt admin· country, which in turn make a line of Mr. GROSS. I will say again it does istration, only on a total of 8 days in credit available to the Government, you not make any1 difference how thick or 1945 were · there borrowings, which pay them interest. That is the only how thin you slice it, it is a printing.;. totaled less than half a billion. In difference. - If there is any other dif press-money bill and ·so designated by 1946-48 the authority was not used at ference, I wish some member of the the late Sena·tor Taft in debate on the all. In those 3 years there was abso .. Committee on Banking and Currency floor of the ·senate along about· 1948 or lutely no borrowing under the author· would rise and tell me. I would like to 1949. ity, even ·though the authorization was know. Does your silence lend acquies Mr. McVEY. Mr. Chairman, will the up to $5 billion figure. cence to the fact that this is a printing gentleman yield? · In the Truman administration, it was press-money bill? Mr. GROSS. I yield. used a total of 8 days in the first 3 years, CONGRESSIONAL-llECORO ~ HOlJSE April :/.9 and when the Korean matter came on administration after · a conference be conduct -an -investigation of campaign an emergency-it was used for 30 days. tween the Secretary of the .'l:'reasury and expenditures. In the Eisenhower administration the the Federal Reserve Board did we run There is the usual reservation, of , borrowings in 1953 slightly exceeded $1 into a situation-like that of -last Decem course, that confere11ce reports may be billion. In 1954 they totaled, and then ber 1955. Despite the con~ultation~ and brought up at any time. only for a period of 15 days, less than conferez:ices of the Secretary of the Any further program will be an- half a billion. In 1955 and up to March Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board, nounced later. - · l, 1956 there were no borrowings at all. and after they had agreed we should Mr. ARENDS. The other bills are im · Then, when it is not used, why is there raise the reserve requirements in order portant, but I u.nderstand it is somewhat the authority to borrow up to $5 billion? to restrict credit, 2 weeks later the Fed-· problematical wh,ether .the highway bill We might have a vast economic situation eral R~serve Board had to go into the will actually come up next week. · descend upon us. There might be an market and buy $6 billion of Government Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman international situation descend upon us. bonds in order to have the opposite ef has stated it correctly. I have scheduled This authorization of $5 billion is a fect. Instead of restricting credit as it just in case we can get to it but I think cushion which might operate to save our they di.d 2 weeks before, they had to it problematical as to whether it can be entire economy. It is that simple. I operate against the restrictions and brought up. think it would be very foolish at this time loosen credit. Six billion dollars worth Mr. ARENDS. I understand it is the to refuse to extend this authority for of bonds is not very much to this ad desire to go over from today until Mon another 2 years. I do not know of any ministration. As a matter of fact, the day if we complete the program this period where there was greater potential gentleman who appeared before our afternoon. danger than in the 2 years ahead. We committee, when asked whether they had Mr. McCORMACK. Exactly. have a bad situation in the farming to go into the m~rket and buy some of Mr. ARENDS. I thank the gentleman. areas just as we had in the late twenties. these bonds, $12 billion worth of bonds, AMENDING SECTION 14 (B) OF THE FEDERAL The situation now is closely comparable said "Yes, the situation changed, and RESERVE ACT to the situation then. Now, I am an op the Federal Reserve Board had to go Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, I have no timist. I think everything will work out in and buy a few bonds." Then we find further requests for time. · all right, but we should not prematurely that the few bonds was more than $6 Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, I have throw a way our cushions. In Illinois billion worth of bonds. no further requests for time. This is a good program, this is a nec ·The Clerk read as follows: we do not unhinge the storm shutters essary law. We must extend the law on a sunny day in January. We wait to Be it enacted, etc., That section 14 (b) of make sure winter really has passed on. b_y passing this bill, but let us alert our the Federal Reserve Act, as amended (U.S. C., officials downtown to the fact that they 1952 ed., supp. II, title 12, sec. 355), is amend The CHAffiMAN. The time of the can do a better job than they have been gentleman from Illinois [Mr. O'HARA] ed by striking out "July 1, 1956" and insert doing. ing in lieu thereof "July_ 1, 1958" anq by has expired. Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman I yield striking out "June 30, 1956" and inserting Mr. TALLE. Mr·. Chairman, I have no 1 minute to the gentleman f;om Illi- in lieu thereof "June 30, 1958". further requests for time. So I reserve nois, [Mr. ARENDS]. . the remainder· of my time. Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Chairman, I offer Mr. f?PENCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield PROGRAM FOR WEEK OF APRIL 23 an amendment. 5 minutes to the gentleman from New Mr. ARENDS. I take this time Mr · The Clerk read as follows: :York [Mr. MULTER]. Chairman, to ask the majority leader to Amendment offered by Mr. PATMAN: After Mr. MULTER.· Mr. Chairman, I am acquaint us with the program for next line 7 insert the following new section: supporting the bill, but I am taking this week. - "SEC. 2. Section 14 (b) . of. the Federal Re · Mr. McCORMACK . . I shall be very serve Act, as amended, is further amended by time to direct the attention of the mem happy to. inserting after the first sentence thereof the bership to the fact that it was not so follpwing new sentence: 'Notwithstanding long ago when the Republican Party and . Monday is District day and there is the provisions of the preceding sentence, di its spokesmen and the newspapers that one bill out of the District Committee rect purchases under this subsection shall be were telling the Republican story were H. R! 7228, the Potomac River Bridge: made in accordance with the direction of the attacking the Secr_etary of the Treasury Th~n there will be H. R. 9824, Veterans' Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve because he was consulting with the Fed War Orphans Educational Assistance System; the Federal Open Market Committee Act of 1956, and H. R. 9260, Veterans' shall make available such of its facilities as. eral Reserve Board about this very im the Board .may request in order to assist the portant work covered by this bill, and the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, second Board and the Federal Reserve banks in car Federal Reserve Board was consulting purchaser. rying out such purchases.'" · -, On Tuesday,. of course, there are pri the Secretary of the Treasury, and to AM·ENDMENT gether they were making the monetary maries in Alaska, Massachusetts, and policy of our Nation. · At that time our Pennsylvania. Should there be any roll Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Chairman, this Republican politicians particularly said calls that day they will go over until amendment merely provides that this this is the wrong way to manage the Wednesday but on Tuesday we will call will be a transaction between the Board monetary affairs o:i'. the United States. H. R. 8750, the Wate:rshed Projection and of Governors of the Federal Reserve They clamored that the Secretary of the Flood Prevention Act. System who are the seven public mem Treasury is supposed to be independent ; Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and bers charged with the duty of represent of the Federal Reserve Board and vice Saturday: There is a bill, H. R. 10654, ing the public, and the Secretary of the versa. They should not talk to each making supplemental appropriations for Treasury, concerning the issuance of this other. the Department of Agriculture to initiate credit on these short-term seeurities or During the course of the hearings on an Agricultural Reserve Act soil-conser the sale of these short-term securities by this bill we had before us the Under vation program and to assist in raising the Treasury direct to the Federal Re• Secretary of the Treasury and the chair farm income. · serve banks. In other words, in prac There will be the State, Justice, Ju:. tice here is what it means: If the bill man of the Federal Reserve Board. Both passes in its present form, in order to agreed that the only way you can prop diciary appropriation bill for 1957. get any. amount of this money to be erly manage the money affairs of our There will be th~ highway construc used, it would have to be done through country, the only way you can properly tion bill if the rule is granted for its con Mr. Sproul and the Federal Reserve manage the debt of this country, the sideration. Also- Bank ·of New York.· He would have to only way you can finance our Govern House Joint Resolution 501, to author do it. He is in charge of the Open Mar ment properly is-by having the Secretary ize participation in the NATO confer- ~et Account of the Federal Reserve Sys of the Treasury consult with the Fed ence. . te_m and he is l, of the 5 ·members who eral Reserve Board and the Federal Re S. 2972, making it a criminal offense are representatives of the -private banks serve Board consult with the Secretary t~ damage or destroy aircraft. . on the Open Market Committee. I do of the Treasury, and together map out H. R. 7500, Commission on Interna• not think those five interested repre a program and move forward. tfonal Rules of Judicial Procedure, and sentatives sho1:1ld have anything .to do In tllat connection "it is interestl.ng. to . House Resolution 353, to authorize the . with these transactions up to $5 billion note that never, during a Democratic ·Committee on Hous~· ,Administration to between the Treasury' and the Federal 19-56 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE Reserve Board. In ·other -words, -leave New York-upon which the Government Mr. Chairman, the amendment is· a the private bankers out of this. It does is paying about 3 percent interest or deceptive one, and it should be voted not concern them. It is not a matter more. ·That is absolutely unnecessary. down. that they should be-allowed to veto. It This bill if properly administered ·iri Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, I move to is not a matter that they should be the interest of saving the people's money strike out the last two words. given the privilege of approving. · It is could result in pulling out all except per - Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from none of their business. It is the Gov haps a few million dollars fron:i those Iowa [Mr. TALLE] has just made a sig~ ernment's business. It will be transacted few New York· banks. It is unnecessary nificant statement with respect ·to a here in Washington between the Treas to keep that amount of money there and Treasury surplus. I wonder why, in view ury and the Federal Reserve Board, lo there is no reason for keeping it there. of the publicity in the papers yesterday cated a very few blocks apart right here Mr. Chairman, I certainly hope my and today telling us that we are going in Washington. So why should not the amendment will be adopted. It wili to have an estimated $2 billion surplus, Treasury be allowed to deal with the allow the Treasury right here in Wash we need this legislation. It seems that Federal Reserve Board just a few blocks ington, D. C., to deal with the Board of with a $2 billion surplus coming up on away? Governors of the Federal System right July 1 of this year, we might dispense They can do this in the people's in here in Washington, D. C., and do every with this. terest, in the Government's interest. thing that the bill proposes to do Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, will the Unless we adopt this amendment we nothing more, nothing less. In .other gentleman yield? will have to go to New York and get the words, it will be in the hands of the peo · - Mr. GROSS. I am .happy to yield to approval of the representatives of the ple charged with protecting the Gov my colleague. private banks. That is wrong. It is un ernment's interest and they will not be Mr. TALLE. The reason is the one I necessary, it .is unduly crippling or re required to go through representatives stated at the outset. The obligations of · tarding or impeding. the progress of the of the private · bankl? who, incidentally, the Federal Government are continuous. people's business at a time when these . usually have their own axes to grind. · The receipts in the Treasury are received · transactions must be performed quickly, I hope the amendment I have o:ffered in a rather fitful fashion, and therefore hurriedly. The money is needed right will be adopted. there are times when the cash balance away. That is the reason the power is Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Chair is low. But, of course, the outgo is con given. man, I rise in opposition to the amend- tinuous, because the Government must Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the ment. · pay its bills, and this legislation merely gentleman yield? Mr. Chairman, I do not think this seeks permission to have a day-to-day Mr. PATMAN. I yield to t.he gentle amendment is wise. The program in its arrangement whereby, when necessary, man from Iowa. present form has been operating in a the Treasury, with the cooperation of the Mr. GROSS. Is there anything in the satisfactory manner ever since its adop Federal Reserve, can continue to pay the gentleman's amendment that would tion in 1942. It has gone on unµer two bills of the Government without using make this strictly a short-term propo administrations. There has been no the cumbersome method ·of selling, say, sition? complaint from any quarter. 90-day notes and so on. Mr. PATMAN. The law itself makes Mr. Chairman, I think we better let Mr. GROSS. It seems to me that if it that way. I am not afraid of· that. good enough alone, and I hope the we are now going into such lush times Mr. GROSS. What is the maximum amendment will be voted down. for everybody but the farmer, if we are time? · Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, I .move going to run Treasury. surpluses from - Mr. PATMAN. I do not know what to strike out the last word. now ori, 1 ·might well ask when you ex it is, but I am not afraid of that. Over pect to get rid of this kind ·of legislation the years it has_operated satisfactorily, . Mr. Chairman, this amendment may if you cannot do it ·now? When are we and I am not afraid of it going too long seem to be a very simple one, but there going·to get rid of this kind of financing that way be.cause-the private bankers do is a lot niore in it than meets the. eye ,on over which the CongTess ·certainly dele- · not want it to go too long and they have first reading. The net e:ffect of this gates tremendous financial authority· to a lot of power in the Federal Reserve amendment, if adopted,, would be , to the Treasury and indirectly "to the Fed·' System. · - close up shop as far as the Open Market eral Reserve System? . · The fact of the matter is that the Committee is concerned; in other words, Mr. MORANO. Mr. Chairman, will other day I had occasion to deal with the Open Market Committee would the gentleman yield? some REA people and they were telling cease to operate. The ame:p.dment is Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman me that back in Texas they had to bor· equivalent to an eviction notice. Now, from Connecticut. row $242 million at 2 percent interest. the Federal Reserve does· not want this Mr. MORANO. I would not be too They are being criticized for that, proposed change. The Federal Reserve sure that we are going to have surpluses charged with getting a subsidy in the ·testified through its chairman that it until ·after Congress has decided how rate of interest. Of course, they paid 2 wanted a contil).uation of present law. ·much money it is going to vote in supple percent when the going rate was much It is well known among the members of mental appropriation bills that are com below 2 percent. It is a little above 2 the Committee on Banking and Cur ing up. now. At that time, April 11, 1956, I re rency and to everyone who has been Mr. GROSS. Of course, the gentle ceived a statement from the New York present in this Chamber for the past 13 man could mention- the foreign give banks which showed that two banks up years· that the gentleman from Texas away bill, but he and I happen to di:ffer there had $364,341,000 in Government has carried on a sort of running fight on that. . , with the Open Market Comll).ittee .. But, ·deposits for which· the Government re • i I want to respond very briefly to· the· c'.eived no interest at all. Five New York he has not been successful in knocking it out. This amendment is another at statement made by the gentleman from ~. banks, including these 2, had $624,599,-- tempt to destroy the Open Market.coni- Illinois [Mr. O'HARAl.· He said that 000 and 13, including these 5, had $885 ml.ttee. · · · · simply because the Treasury has not used million. ·That is an illustration of .on -the full authority under this law that t. I th~ one hand no interest at all, while on · Mr. Chairman, I want .to repea~ w~at ·we ·should ·here today 'accept the ·fact the ·other 2. percent being criticized. · It I have said on a number of occasions, that they may not at some time use that is not unusual for the banks to have that the management of the Federal authority. I think that is the most from three to seven billion dollars in debt of the· United States is the. most specious kind of argument. If that is Government deposits which ·is without difficult financial task that has ever been true, if in the past they have not bor interest. assigned to' any man. An excellent job rowed more than $100 million or $1 bil This bill will permit of smaller Gov is being done. This is certainly not the lion at any one time, why $5 billion un ernment deposits · in the banks. You time to disturb or rock the boat. We.are der this bill? Why not reduce the must have some deposits, of course. ·I doing very well. We learn from news- amount? To me that is the most would not be in favor' of pulling all of the paper reports, that the chances are good specious argument that could be ad Government money out of the banks. that there will be a surplus in the Tre_as vanced in support of this bill. It is necessary to keep some Government ury at the end of this fiscal year; Let I say again that the late Senator Taft money there, but it is not necessary to us not now disturb an arrangement that of Ohio, who .had forgotten more about ·keep a billion dollars in a few banks ln is working very well. · financial matters than I will ever know, 6678' CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-- HOUS'.E · April 19 well described "this bill as nothing more dated and· other reasons. Meanwhile Mr. Chairman, this ·discussion on the or less than a printing press money bill. the expense$ of Goverrimerit go on subject of money brought back to my I have been opposed to it and I arri still and must be met. While there is little memory something that happened here opposed to it on that basis. probability that the $5-billion limitation on the floor ·over 20 years ago. The State Mr. MULTER. Mr. Chairman, I move will be reached, nevertheless it does pro of Indiana had a Member 'in this House to strike out the requisite number of vide a cushion for an emergency. We whose special subJect was money. Sev words. · · cannot be criticized for exercising a eral times during each session he rose on Mr. Chairman, I think that the strong proper sense of caution and prudence. this floor, came down here to the well, est argument that could be made for the As a matter of fact, as I pointed out and delivered an address on the subject amendment has beeri made by the dis earlier, very. little use has been made of of money.· tinguished gentleman from Iowa CMr. this authority. Most of the ·years since I can see him now. His right arm ex TALLE), with the exception, of course~ of 1942 it· has not been used at all, and in tended upward. His right foot extended his utterly uncalled-for statement that the years when it has been used it ·has forward. - He wore his hair long. He the amendment is deceptive. There is been only for a limited number of days, also wore a. long type of Prince Albert nothing deceptive about the amendment the largest number being 30 days. Gen coat. · at all. The ame:i1cinient very simply pro erally it is for 2, 3, 4:, or 5 days a year. . One ·day he took this floor and said, vides that the Federal Reserve Board We may have coming upon us, I do not ''There are not more than a dozen Mem shall be in charge of this operation and know, very uncomfortable cpnditions. bers of this House who know anything shall direct the Open-Market Committee Our consumer credit is expanding. That about money." Upon that statement a as to how if shall operate. ·· means that the individual debtload is Member rose in the rear of the Chamber There is no reason why if this operation growing., making it difficult to continue and said, "Will the gentleman from In is so very important, as it is---as was ex instalment payments should deflation diana tell the House who the 12 men are plained to you by the distinguished gen hit family incomes to say nothing of sus who know all about money?" His re tleman from Iowa CMr. TALLE]-if it is taining buying power for new purchases. sponse was, "No, sir, but l can tell the so important, as it is, then. the Federal There is unrest in the farm districts. I gentleman he is not one of them." His Reserve Board should do this job. That read in the Wall Street Journal that in keen sense of humor and native wit ap is all this amendment seeks to do. In• a survey in Iowa it was found that in one P~~led to the membership. stead of letting the Open Market Com typical town of 1,000 population there I am here to confess I am not one of mittee do the job alone then I say the were 10 closed stores and others on their them, either. I am interested in the bill Board should at least supervise the job. way out. That would indicate that al under ' discussion about money. I am Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Chairman, will the ready in the farm areas there is a serious satisfied that the committee has devoted gentleman yield? curtailment of buying pbwer. If the a great deal of time in considering this Mr. MOLTER. I yield to the gentle economy should develop downward as it question. They say it is necessary to man from Texas. developed in the late twenties this $5- pass this bill, and I propose to -stand by . Mr. PATMAN. And it is restricted to billion authorization might be a very fine the committee. . this $5 billion only. cushion to have in gettirig money to pay Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise Mr. MOLTER. That is correct, just the Government's bills. in opposition to the pro forma amend to this $5 billion. I am not one bit My friend from Iowa, that is my an ment." . .. fiattered by the fact that this Open swer to you. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Market Committee is operating out of .the . Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the Iowa CMr. TALLE] mentioned something city of New York which is my home town. gentleman yield? · that I think needs correction. He ·used I say that the big bankers are doing this Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I am de• the word "deceitful" in referring to this Job just as big business today is doing a lighted to yield to the distinguished gen amendment. This amendment is not de job. They are doing it on the little fel tleman from Iowa, who is one of the ceitful. It is anything but deceitful. It low. One reason why we have had the hardest workers and most conscientious is open 'and aboveboard. · tremendous increase in the number of Members of the Congress_, and for whom Mr. TALLE. Mr. Chairman, will the bankruptcies of. small business, which I hc;ld a warm affection. gentleman yield? have occurred during the last 2 years is Mr. GROSS. Does the gentleman not Mr. PATMAN. I yield. because big bus1ness and big banks are think if we are moving into a position ·Mr. TALLE. I used the word "de .. crushing the little fellow. One way of where the people cannot pay taxes in ceptive." I want to tell the gentleman helping stop that kind of operation is to this country the Treasury can come to why. On reading this amendment, adopt this amendment and see to it that Congress for authority to do certain which was not available to me until the the Federal Reserve Board under this things, and does the gentleman not think moment we began consideration of the law, which is a good law and a necessary that when we get into the position of bill, I could see that the purpose was to law, performs this important task. having any appreciable number of peo terminate the authority of the Open I urge the adoption of the amendment. ple who cannot pay their taxes we had Market Committee. It is deceptive in Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Chair better be cutting down on expenditures this sense that, unless Members other man, I move to strike out the last word. rather than giving somebody the oppor:.. than myself-I am quite familiar with Mr. Chairman, I am taking this time tunity and the authority to go out and the gentleman's viewpoints-were aware to answer my distinguished friend from borrow money, with little or no respon of the ge~tleman's views, they might Iowa [Mr. GnossJ. He asked me to yield sibility to Congress? think this was a very innocent little to him, when I had the floor a little while Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. The gentle-· amendment and fail to realize that the ago. I started to yield to him and then man comes from Iowa and of course I effect would be to terminate the authori suddenly realized that r had only 3 min know he is very sympathetic with the ty of the Open Market Committee. That utes and I had to withdraw my gesture of owners of the 10 vacant stores in the would be a major change indeed and, generosity. Now I am talking on my little town of What Cheer that are men certainly, we should have hearings on own time in order to answer his remarks. tioned in the Wall Street Journal of such a proposition· before taking legis- When Mr. Martin appeared before our April 11, 1956. lative action on it. · committee I asked him the question why, Mr. GROSS. I certainly am. Mr. PATMAN. The gentleman used when they had never used the $5 billion Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. The Wall the .word "deceptive," and I think it is authorization to anywhere near the full Street Journal also says that one of the the same as the word "deceitful." I limitation, it was desired to retain the main grocery stores :in What . Cheer think the meanings. are tne same. I do $5-billion limit and not reduce the figure closed up last month and one of the farm not know of any difference myself; pos as suggested by the gentleman from implement dealers is ab-Out ready to fold sibly I am wrong. But there is nothing Iowa. He gave the answe:r;, which seemed up. If the Wall Street Journal's ac deceitful or deceptive about it. It does to me to make commonsense. In essence count of conditions in rural Iowa is cor aeny private banks the opportunity of it was that we do not know when an rect, perhaps the gentleman will agre& being ih on a deal between the Treasury emergency may come upon us, when peo with me that a few cushions would not hete in Washington and the Board of ple are unable promptly to meet their be·out of order. . ' Governors of the Federal Reserve System tax payments because of. frozen assets, . Mr. OONDERO. Mr.' .·Chairman, I involving up to· $5' billion only, which is holdings that cannot quickly be liqui- move to strike out the last word. allowed under this bill. That is the only 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUS_E 6679 way in the world it will affect the.Open " Mr. SPENCE. The amendment ·tha.t . ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMMISSION .· Market Committee. Otherwise, the we have reported is the amendment that AND ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON Open Market Committee will go ahead. I have asked to be adopted.. . INTERNATIONAL RULES OF JUDI· I would like any Member of the House to Mr. TALLE. I was certain the cl)a1r.. CIAL PROCEDURE give me one reason why representatives man w~s for the bill because he has been of private bankers should be conferred for the bill all tlie time and explained Mr. TiiORNBERRY, from the Com with and consulted concerning a trans- it very well. . mittee on Rules, ·reported the following action between the Treasury of the Mr. SPENCE. We have reported an privileged resolution (H. Res. 477, Rept. United States and the Board of Gover· amendment to the existing law, to ex· No. 2018), which was referred to the nors of the Federal Reserve System. No tend it. That is what I was referring to. House Calendar and ordered to be one will ask me to yield because no one Mr. TALLE. Yes. As I understoo·d printed: can give a reason for it; there is no rea· your comment, the gentleman is opposed Resolved, That upon the adoption of this son. So I am just asking that the Gov· to the amendment offered by the gentle· resolution it shall be in order to move that ernment's business be done ·by people man from Texas [Mr. PATMANJ. · the House resolve itself into the committee who are charged with the duty of per- Mr. SPENCE. Necessarily I am OP· of the Whole House on the state of the forming their duties for the people-for posed to that amendment. Union for the considera.tion of the bill (H. R. the Government and no WOC's and no Mr. TALLE. The gentleman and I 7500 > to establish a Commission and Ad representatives of private banks should are in complete' agreement. visory Committee on International Rules of · 1 d · th' Th t · 11 't d T.he CHAIRM. ·AN:. The quest1"on is on Judicial Procedure. - After general- debate, b e mvo ve in is. a IS a :1 . oes. which shall be confined to the bill, and shall These transactions· only shall be per· the amendment offered by the gentleman continue not to exceed 1 hour, to be equally formed by the Board of Governors and from Texas [Mr. PATMAN]. divided and controlled by the chairman and the United States Treasury. We are just The amendment was rejected. ranking minority member of the Committee saying it is unnecessary to go to New The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the on the Judiciary, the bill shall be read for York and get the consent of private Committee will rise. · · amendment under tne 5-minute rule. At bankers up there to do a little Govern· Accordingly ·the Committee rose; and the conclusion of the· consideration of the bill for amendment, the Committee shall rise ment business down here in Washington. the Speaker having resumed the chair, and report the bill to the House with such It is simple; it is easy; it is not deceptive; Mr. IKARD, Chairman of the Committee of amendments as may have been. adopted, it is in the interest of the. people; and it the Whole House on the ·State ·of the and the previous question shall be considered is in the interest of the taxpayers. I Union, reported that that Committee, as ordered on the bill and amendments hope this simple little amendment is having had under consideration the bill thereto to final passage without intervening adopted. (H. R. 9285) to amend section 14 (b) motion except one motion to recommit. Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman,_! move ·of the Federal Reserve Act, so as to ex· to strike out the last word. tend for 2 additional years the au· Mr. Chairman, we have gone far afield, thority of Federal Reserve banks to pur- ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VIRGIN it seems to me, in the discussion of chase United States obligations directly ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK whether or not we shall pass this bill. from the Treasury, pursuant to House Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, I move The experience of mankind has always Resolution 431, he reported the bill back that the House resolve itself into the had great weight. If anything is tested to the House. · Committee of the Whole House on the and retested and .found to be good and The SPEAKER. Under the rule, the State of the Union for the consideration accepted by the people, it is an evidence previous question is ordered. Of the bill f the others, who · provided in many of our national parks whfoh was first sighted by, Cofombus , protested _the .. o~n _ended nature of _int.his ~ountry. I ha~ a little experience - when he came across the ocean; the the authorization, limiting the capital last summer, and I think I know ·some- 1956 "CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE '6681 ·thing about it now. I did not·11ave un Yosemite or Glacier National Park or any they could ·become self-sustaining. · We til that time. one of the other great national parks in ·made them a free port so that tourists Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will our country. going to this area could buy commodities . the gentleman yield?-- Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will at prices less than they could buy them Mr. ENGLE. I yield to the gentleman . the gentleman yield? elsewhere. We-tried to increase the tour from Colorado. Mr. ENGLE. I yield to my colleague ist travel to this area, and r believe to Mr. ASPINALL. Did the gentleman on the committee. some extent that has been successful. explain to the committee just what this Mr. ASPINALL. Is it not true, may I The chairman . mentioned that over island will be used for in the future if it is ask the gentleman from Pennsylvania 100,000 people had visited the Virgin Is not set aside for some such use as this? [Mr. SAYLOR] that if they wish to go by lands last year. It is interesting to me, Mr. ENGLE. Yes. I think what the boat, they could go for even less money? however, that they all come by boat, gentleman is alluding to is certainly what Mr. SAYLOR. That is right. The ·practically all of them come by tourist I was talking about, namely, that if we do rates of transportation by water are less boats. They spend about 1 day there not set aside the area so that the com than the rates"! have quoted. in the Island of St. Thomas and perhaps mon people can get their hands on it, the Mr. PRESTON. Mr. Chairman, will St. Croix, and then they get away. They people who are not so rich, eventually it the gentleman yield? spend their money in that place. I doubt will be set up into tremendous resort Mr. ENGLE. I yield to the gentleman ·that there would be more than 100 people areas that the little fellow, the white from Georgia. who would ever get over to the Island of collar worker, a man with moderate in Mr. PRESTON. Mr. Chairman, I St. John, which has a population of some come, will not be able to afford. should like to join those who are propoS' 700 people. · Mr. KEAN. Mr. Chairman, if the ing ·this measure. I think it is a most Now it is proposed to take 9,500 acres gentleman will yield, that is exactly what meritorious bill and it should not provoke out of this island of St. John, which has I was going to say. I was down there last any controversy in the House today. I a total acreage of 12,000, and make a autumn, and the wealthy people from the think we could well afford to pass such a ·national park out of it. In my opinion, East are just trying to build homes in bill on the Consent Calendar. The cost this would def eat the very purpose for that salubrious climate, and if we do not of this proposal is negligible. It does not which we amended the organic act. In do something about setting aside that ·amount to anything in comparison with ·other words, you would completely stop park for the people, it is going to be built the benefits that it will provide. We any further private enterprise from going up with expensive homes very quickly. ·should never fail to take advantage of into that area and doing anything. You Another paint I wanted to make with ref every opportunity to create State parks would prevent any person froin ever erence to what the gentleman from Iowa when the land is contributed to the Gov building a home in that area. · You CMr. GRossJ said is that St. John is only ernment. They always serve a most use- would put this thing in the icebox. 1 hour away from St. Thomas by boat; ·ful purpos-e and -in this particular area I I do not believe that is good for the and that if there are no places where they believe it would serve an even greater economy of the Virgin Islands, and I do can live right now on St. John, they per purpose. , not believe it is good for this Federal fectly. well can live on st: Thonias and I congratulate the chairman of this Government to step in and take over that come over and spend the whole day on committee on bringing this bill before area. I think our Park Service depart that beautiful unspoiled island: the House. ment might well take a look at the some Mr. ENGLE. I appreciate the gentle Mr. ENGLE. I thank the gentleman. 400,000 acres .which are presently pri man's contribution; he is perfectly i:ight. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of vately owned within the exterior bound Not oniy are they seeking to huild very my time. aries of our national parks, and be more expensive homes down· there, but I can Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair · concerned with acquiring those areas visualize that a few years hehce, if we do man, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman rather than grabbing more, rather than not set aside an area now, there simply from Washington [Mr. WESTLAND]. taking on new areas. will be none available, because the better Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Chairman, the This Committee and this Congress are areas will be taken over By very expensive gentleman from California, the distin going to ·be asked to vote pretty soon on resort operations. All of. them will carry guishecf chairman of this committee, has the so-called mission 66. That is a pro the kind of prices mentioned by the gen given a very excellent dissertation I think gram of the.National Park Service. You tleman from Iowa CMr. GROl)S], and they 'not only on this particular bill but on will ·be asked to appropriate some $785 will probably not be as inexpensive as the Park Service in general. However, million over a 10-year period for the that. The price mentioned in ·.connec- I believe there. are a few things this mod.ernization of our national parks. I . tion with the installation down there that committee ought to learn about this par believe I will favor that sort of thing will be managed by the Rockefellers. on ticular. situation before they are asked after·we have taken a look at what they a nonprofit basis .would be from ·$15 to to vote on it. intend to do. I think the Park Service $18 I believe. But they could go up to I have opposed this bill in committee · should be more concerned with modern $25 or $30-; -and so on. and I am opposing it here for reasons ' izing our present facilities and bringing Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Chairman, will the which I think are substantial. them up to par, bringing them up to a gentleman ·yield? First of all, let us "talk about these Vir condition· where our people can go into Mr. ENGLE. I yield to tl;le gentleman gin Islands for jus.t a minute. There are our national parks and enjoy themselves. froII). Pennsylvania. · about 22,000 to Z5,000 people who live Even the chairman of the committee has Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Chairman, I should there. · It ·was interesting to me to find· said that out in his State they have to go like to congratulate the distinguished out that over 100 years ago there were into the national forests because the fa chairman of the committee on J;lis pres- over 40,000-people living there. In other cilitie·s in our national parks are not be· . enta'tion. After the minority had filed words, the population has been decreas ing maintained properly. Yet here we their views, I made it a point to check ing. so there is plenty of room for are takii;ig on more areas, some 9,500 with the airlines, and I find· that their ·people in that -area.- ·acres, in a place that is some 2.000 miles figures represent perhaps the most lux Our Federal Government has con from here. urious manner in which one could travel. . tributed and is contributing· substan There is one other thing I should like That ·I sha:tl not dispute. But today a . tially to the economy of the Virgin Is ·to mention particularly, and that is this: husband and wife can leave New York lands today. For example, all of the in ·Here we have a bill where the Director of· · by Clipper plane, go to the Virgin Islands come taxes· collected in the Virgin Is- the Park -Service has said that under its and return for $288.40; or they ean leave · 1ands· are returried· to them, plus· at the terms he will spend $120,000 for capital from Miami and take a round trip for present time, or after this fiscal year 'improvement _and he will spend $60,000 $204.40. Also, for $10 for a husband-and · 1955-56, $1 million a year which shall annually for maintenance. The chair-. wife over there, you can pay taxi fare go into tlie Virgin Islands. The citizens -man of the committee has indicated that from the present airport at St. Thomas ·of the Virgin Islands are contributing ·he is going to cut that in half and make over to the airport at St. John. These · practically nothing financially to the ·it $60,000, and $30,000 for maintenance. . figures compare very favorably with ·Federal economy. · ·I am sorry more Members of this House what it would cost people fn the eastern . A . couple of years ago -we wrote an have pot been down there to see what paTt of the United ·States to travel; if ·organic act for the Virgin Islands and ·that area is like, but it is mountainous, it they wanted to go out to Yellowstone or tried to set them up on a basis where is really hilly, believe me. When you go CII-420 6682 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE April 19 on a road for a ride, .you ride in a jeep and and some funds could well be spent in · some of that money which he is ·spending you hang onto the sides just as tight as that area. be spent right there, and let him have you can, because it is almost straight tip Mr. BATES. When we inquired into full control of. it. I am sure Mr. Rocke .. and down. the reason why money was not -spent, feller, who is an outstanding conserva .. If you are going to cut these funds they said that the money was not avail.. tionist in this country, would see to it from $60,000 to $30,000, what are you go .. able. that these horrible things which have ing to do with it? Mr. WESTLAND. That is right. been mentioned today would not be built How are you going to improve this Mr. BATES. That is why. I say the in that area; and let the Federal Gov .. place so that these so-called poor people gentleman's point is well taken that this ernment stay out of this altogether. that the gentleman mentions can enjoy is no time to expand into other park Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, will the these facilities? Let me tell you this. areas. gentleman yield? There is no fresh water there. The only Mr. WESTLAND. I thank the gentle.. Mr. WESTLAND. I yield. water you get comes from the rain. You man for his remarks. Mr. ENGLE. As I understand the gen- can catch it on the roofs of the houses, Mr. BUDGE. Mr. Chairman, will the tleman's argument, he says that this is or you can do as Mr. Rockefeller is doing gentleman yield? a bad bill because we cannot afford it. at Caneel Bay and cover up one ·side of Mr. WESTLAND. I yield. I believe the gentleman will agree that these mountains and plaster it with con Mr. BUDGE. Pursuing further the we should have a good park system, and crete. That is exactly what they are do .. colloquy between th~ gentleman from he knows too that a 10-year program has ing. At the bottom of that place, water Massachusetts and the gentleman from been recomtµended to bring our parks runs down, and they store it. Caneel Washington; does the gentleman from to a respectable level. I would assume Bay is a very delightful place. Mr. Washington know of any national park that the gentleman would probably be Rockefeller is spending some $2 or $3 or parkway in this country where the willing to support that. I would like to million there, and they are also building people in the area think that the funds say tO him that in all probability we will one of these catchments on the side of have been sufficient for the proper main.. have a bill coming before this Congress the mountain, and it is costing $200,000 tenance of that park or parkway? to appropriate some three or four billion to do that. How ridiculous can you be? Mr. WESTLAND. If there is, I am not dollars for overseas aid, of one kind or Are you going to build campgrounds for acquainted with it. I might say in my another, to add to the $40 billion we the people who are going to go down own district I have the Olympic National have already put in there. It seems to there from this country and not give Park of 900,000 acres and certainly they me it is little enough to pay for our own them any water; what are they going to could use a great deal of funds to mod.. people when all we are asking for in camp on? Are tpey going to carry that ernize some of the facilities they now this bill, if they get everything they re .. water over there on their shoulders? have. quest-and I am proposing to cut it in The gentleman from Pennsylvania has Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will half-the sum of $60 000 for capital in.. mentioned the cost of getting there. I the gentleman yield? vestment and. some $30,000 annually to do not know what airlines he checked, Mr. WES~AND. I yield. keep a park ranger down there. but I, too, checked the. airlines and the Mr. ASPINALL. Is it not true that Mr. WESTLAND. I , appreciate the tourist round-trip figure that I was given mast of the ~ational park areas to which gentleman's great thoughts on economy, was. $182.04, and first-class fare is the gentleman referred are in the Far and I concur with him heartily in econ $215.82. Maybe he has a cheaper airlin.e West, and that there is no comparisoµ omy; but economy should come in the than I have. I do not know, but I would between the area to which the gentleman proper place. . If we are going to create think they would all be the same. When from Massachusetts drew our attention a park of 9,500 acres, and spend $36,ooo you add up a few incidentals, i~ would. and the area which comes under discus- a year on it, what have you got? You· come, I think, reasonably close to the sion at the present time? Although the might just as well ta~e the $30,000 anci $500 figure which was mentioned in the gentleman is right in asking for an im.. throw it away. · · minority report. I believe for these rea p-rovement in that· particular historic Mr. GROSS. Will the gentleman .. sons that this bill is a bad bill and that site, they do not serve the same purpose; yield? · the Park Service department should be is that not correct? Mr. WESTLAND. I yield. more concerned with the present park Mr. WESTLAND. They may not serve Mr. GROSS. If the gentleman from area of some 23 million acres, which is the same purpose I will say to the gentle- California had ' been voting as I have presently under their control. I imagine man from Colorado, but both would be on this foreign giveaway program, we most of you gentlemen are receiving let under the National Park Service, and would have some money to take care of ters occasionally from your constituents this is merely an indication that the our ()Wn people. · complaining about the conditions of the present facilities are not being main.. Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. Mr. Chair· Park Service in your home areas. I tained in the way they should be. man,' will the gentleman yield? know I am. I imagine many others are Mr. ASPINALL. Does the gentleman Mr. WESTLANL. I yield to the gen.. having the same experience. I think not feel that all parts of the United tleman from Ohio. our Park Service department would be States should have some of these facili.. Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. I want to well advised to stay within what they al ties? compliment the gentleman on bringing ready have. They are going to spend Mr. WESTLAND. I surely agree, and this matter to the ·attention of the $785 million on it, and they should not they should not expand their present fa- House.. I would like to ask if there was take on any more. cilities. . any testimony as to the ownership of Mr. BATES. Mr. Chairman, will the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the· other 3,000 acres on the island. I gentleman yield? gentleman has expired. read in the minority report that ·this Mr. WESTLAND. I yield. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair.. proposed park will concern itself with Mr. BATES. I congratulate the gen man, I yield the gentleman 5 additional the scenic, recreational, and historical tleman from Washington for the very minutes. beauty and significance, and at the same splendid statement he has made.· I did . Mr. WESTLAND. Let 'me make one time I read that the property concerned want to listen to his r~marks, because I more point. It has been stated that Mr. is· exceedi_ngly mountai~ous · and hilly• . realize how fully he goes into all subjects Rockefeller is the owner of these 9,500 Mr. WESTLAND. Yes. that he undertakes to study. I was par... acres, and that he has already acquired Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. Presum- ticularly impressed with the fact that 5,000 acres. They have told me they ably it does have some area down next the gentleman mentioned that this is no have spent between two and one-half to the water which would have a certain time for the Federal Park Service to ex and three million dollars at this delight- amount of recreational bases. But the pand itself. Last summer the gentleman ful spot at Caneel Bay. It is generally scenic benefit of the mountains must go from Washington went to Salem, Mass., conceded that Mr. Laurance Rockefeller to the property owners adjacent. I and looked at the park there which is is an outstanding conservationist; that wonder whether there was any testimony only about 200 yards by 50 yards in size. he is a man who wants to preserve some.. regarding the ownership of other parts Mr. WESTLAND. I might say to the thing of this kind. I think the best thing of the island. gentleman from Massachusetts that it we could do would be to let. Mr. Rocke.. Mr. WESTLAND. There was some was in an entirely disreputable condition feller preserve these areas himself. Let testimony from people who lived there, CONG.RESSIONAL RECORD--- HOUSE 6683 and they w-ere very concerned ·over· the person- .m·, possession · did not ·care- t<> acquiring real ·estate anct allowing ·the possibility- of being thrown out of this sell. present owner to· have a life interest in 9,.500-acre area. I notice in the report. Mr. WESTLAND. That is correct. but his property and a1r the death of the that although they will be able to livEf by some legal gimmick or something you present life tenant the property-will re there to the ex.tent of their lives,. as are ·going to gay that when the present vert to some other person. It makes a. soon as they have passed-on, their prop.. tena,nt h.as. died that_proP-erty ~will then difference in the amount that is paid for erty will revert to the Federal Govern go · over to- the- Governmen~ · That is the property and that is just what is ment. I : am sure they never had- that what it states in the report. proposed to. be done down there in the idea. Certainly I never heard any tes Mr. MilLER of Nebraska. Mr. .Chair Virgin Islands. They intend to allow timony along those lines while we were man, I yield 5 minutes· to the gentleman these people who are natives to live in i..'"1. the Virgin Islands~ . from Pennsylvania [Mr. SAYLOR]. their homes, to stay there until the pres The CHAIRMAN. '!:he . time of the Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Chairman, I rise ent tenants have passed on, knowing gentleman from Washington [Mr.:WEsr in support of this legislation. It is true that they can make a place for their LAND l has again expired. that there: are some people in the United children. ·_The money they will rec.eive Mr. MILLER of Nebraska~ Mr. Chair States who feel that there is already too for their reversionary interest will be man, I yield the gentleman 2 more min much land within the confines of our paid at once and they can use the money utes. national parks. With that I do not to allow their children to go out, get an Mr. WESTLAND. I thank the gen agree. At the rate our population is education and find some other place in tleman. · growing, however, it is incumbent upon which to liv.e. . Mr. JONAf;. Mr. Chairman, will the the Members of. Congress today to take I sincerely hope that the Members of gentleman yield? a long-range _view of our national parks, this House will see to it that the bill is Mr. WESTLAND. I yield. so that not just for today but also for passed. I commend. the gentleman from Mr. JONAS. I ask the gentleman to the generations which are te> come there California [Mr. ENGLE], our chairman, return to the thought he just expressed will be areas within the_ United States for having seen to it that some of the and I would ask a. question. I . see on that can be visited by our citizens. provisions and askings of the Park Serv page 2 of, the report .the, statement is, Up until the present time practically ice are cut down so that it is not a- finan made that the present tenants within all of the large areas that are in our cially infeasible proposition. I shall go the taking area would be guaranteed national-parks are in the West and Far· along with his recommendation, even a lifetime interest in their holdings, but West. In the eastern part of the United though I feel that as far a.S capital out said interests . would not be inheritable. States there are very, very few areas of lay is concerned, it .should remain as -it or transferable. Who is to guarantee· any size at all that can be visited as a is in the present bill. this lifetime interest to the present ten national park, yet in the East we have Mr. BUDGE . . Mr. Chairman, will the ants? · · our largest concentration of population. gentleman yield? Mr. WESTLAND. There is nothing in It has been proposed in this bill that Mr. SAYLOR. I yield to the gentle the bill so far as I could find, I would a large part of the island of St. John man from Idaho. say to the gentleman, that would guar in the Virgin Islands be set aside as a. Mr. BUDGE. Of course, we all appre~ antee that right. I am sure that if the. national park. The man who had th~ ciate Mr. Rockefeller's generosity with people who own homes within this area vision and foresight to make these plans regard to the preservation of the sceni~ anticipated that they were going .to be is Mr. Laurance Rockefeller. areas in this Nation. But I recall at the able .to keep their homes that would be· It is true that he is one of the out time a similar proposal was entered into one.thing, but for example, if they were. standing conservationists in the United. in connection with the Grand Teton Na taken over at_ the present time and States. It is because of men such as him tional Park . where Mr. Rockefeller later one had a child, that child would that other people have had cause to donated land that he did not make the not be able to inherit. · · really appreci_ate some of the things that donation to the Interior Department un Mr. JONAS. That is right as I un exist in the United States and some of til after the Congress had appropriated derstand it. I understand also the Gov the things which he wants ta preserve some $5 million to build the water sys ernment does not propose to acquire not only for-the present but for the fu tem. ·noes the gentleman have any in property by purchase, condemnation, or ture. formation as to how ~e water system anything of the sort, but it is to ·be Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will and the 0th.er utilities are to be provided acquired by outside interests and con the gentleman yield? in this area, and, if so,, what the cost veyed to the Govern'nient. · Mr. SAYLOR. I yield to the gentle- will be mid who is to.put them in? Mr. WESTLAND. As I said earlier, man from Colorado. ·, ._ Mr. SAYLORL The facilities that are Mr. Laurance Rockefeller, in whom we Mr. ASPINALL. Is it not true that necessary at the present time for Caneel had a great deal of faith, has bought the only national park in the New Eng Bay have already ·been put in by Mr. this property. I am ..mre he would see land area is at Bar Harbor, Maine, the Rockef e.ller and also included in . the to it that if somebody had a home there Acadia National Park, which was given donation. For the further expanse that he would not be kicked out during his to the Federal Government by Laurance· will be necessary in this area, it will tenure. · Rockefeller's father, John D. Rockefel be up to the Members of Congress to face Mr. JONAS. He owns only 5,000 acres ler; otherwise there would not be a na up to their responsibility and provide for of the 9,450. tional park in that area? the people in the East. just as we are Mr. WESTLAND. But I understand Mr. SAYLOR. That is correct. It it going to provide for the people in, the he has an option on the other 4,400. were not for John D. Rockefeller there West whatever is necessary for the pro Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will would not be an Acadia National Park per maintenance of our national parks. the gentleman yield? in Maine. Also if it were not for the Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair Mr. WESTLAND. I yield. Rockefellers we would not have the. man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman Mr. ASPINALL. Is it not true that the Grand Teton National Park-to the extent from Idaho [Mr. BUDGE]. National Park Service does not use· any it is there now. This family has been Mr. BUDGE. Mr. Chairman, I ·appre· right of condemnation to take over areas one of those that have used their sub cin.te the courtesy of the gentleman from within parks:, and that if this area were stance in this world not just fol" their Nebraska. · I would simply like to cor purchased by Mr. Rockefeller for the own good but for the benetlt of mankind, rect the inference made by the gentle park he could very easily put a lifetime present and future. In those respects man from Pennsylvania. In the cur estate into the. deed of transfer and I sincerely believe they are to be com rent National Park Service. budget and thereby continue the right of the person mended. in .an of the Park Service budgets for in possession to occupy the property? -· There has been ·some comment that the· last sevetal years, by far the larger Mr. WESTLAND. I . would say to the certain· people who live on this land part of the apprapriations have not gone gentleman that I frankly consider from within the' confines of the proposed. Vir· to the parks in the -west. They have the language of the report that they gin ·Island National Park ·will only have gone to the parkways in the East,· and I would have a life estate-only. a life interest. I may say to the dis• think a.n· examination of the· Park Serv Mr. ASPINALL. The gentleman knows tinguished -gentleman from Washington ive· budgetS' will very clearly show that they could not take the' property if the tha·t -there 'is absolutely nothing new in :fact. 6684' CONGRESSlONAL RECORD ·- -HOUSE I '.April 19 Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair at Charlotte Amalie, the ·mai.n city on Mr. ASI?INALL. I would admit that, man, I yield 1 minute to· the gentleman St. Thomas_. was the most perfect harbor. but it would' provide·· for the public the from North Carolina [Mr. JoNASl. we could have for our defense purposes opportunity· to use .this area for their Mr. JONAS. Mr. Chairman, I asked in the First World War. recreational and vacation needs. for this minute in order to ask the chair The island of St. John has been used Mr. WESTLAND. If the gentleman man of the committee, the gentleman for agricultural production for a long will yield further, is the· public precluded from California [Mr. ENGLE], a question. time, as the gentleman preceding me from using the area now or has the pub 1t was stated that the Legislature of the has suggested. The particular island of lic ever been precluded from using it? Virgin Islands had approved this legis St. John is an area of a few thousand Mr. ASPINALL. The gentleman lation. I notice on page 3 of the report, acres which presently is covered almost knows very well that if it comes under the second proviso in the resolution that entirely with a secondary growth of tim private control that the common people, was adopted by the legislature, it says ber, an island which once, when slaves the ordinary citizen, will not be allowed this: were being used, was extensively culti to use it. All efforts be made by the qongress of the vated for sugarcane production. I think Mr. WESTLAND. Does the gentle United States and the United States National that it is a very sound idea to take over man believe that if this were left in the Park Service to protect and maintain the control of the area before it can be put to hands of Mr. Laurance Rockefeller he vested interests of the residents of the -island use by only a select group of our citizens. · wouid keep the public out of that 5,000- of St. John. I would remind the committee that a acre area that he already owns? similar development took place near Bar Mr. ASPINALL. The gentleman from Am I to understand that the Legisla Harbor, where John D. Rockefeller II ture of the Virgin lslands approves the Colorado believes that if Mr. Laurance gained .control of. the area, developed it Rockefeller's dream is · not· allowed to method of acquiring the land and re as ·an· area to bEl set aside for the use of ' s~rving'. to.the present tenants only life develop, then he ·will not continue his a the public, which presently uses it as_ a ownership of this property for very long. . l estate, "ii;>. 'view of that provisi~n in the national park under the jurisdiction and The gentleman understands why Mr. resolution? · control of the National Park Service. Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will Rockefeller bought this property. He Last August I saw hundreds of families did not buy it for the purpose of devel the gentleman permit me to answer the camping out, as it were, in Acadia Na question? · oping any profitmaking enterprise on tional Park. There were no plush hotels his own part. He bought it so that he Mr.JONAS. Yes. for the users but rather, just well-kept could set it aside as an area to .be used Mr. ASPINALL. The legislation only and orderly camping facilities. It does by the public; is not that correct? calls for about three-fourths of the area not have any expensive improvements. Mr. WESTLAND. The gentleman of St. John to be taken- over for a na The area at Acadia National Park is used surely does not believe that Mr. Rocke-· tional park facility. The other one for public camping grounds more than feller is running short of money so that fourth will remain in private ownetship. anything else. That is what will take he would not continue with his plan? - This provides that the part that remains place on St. John if it is developed into shall not be trespassed upon by the Na Mr. ASPINALL. The gentleman a national park. There will be a modest knows tl~at ;Mr. Rockefeller has already tional Park Service or the National Gov headquarters for the Park Service; the ernment. It also provides that any of put more money into this development development of one road perhaps 5 miles than he contemplated putting into it the taxing base that there is on the.island long, a few trails, and 2 or 3 camp in the. first place. of St. John shall be· left as nearly as it grounds. is at the present time. Tne bill before ';['he CHAffiMAN. The time of the . Quite a fuss has been ma.de in this., de- .. gep.tleman from Colorado has expiretl. · us permits that very thing to take 'place.· bate about the water supply. The only ; Mr. . c!ONAS; You mean that the pro .. ·Mr. MILLER of Nebr.aska. Mr. Chair .. need for water within the interior.of this man; I have no further request for time. viso I, read rela~s only to the; owners of small island is for drinking and· cooking. the _remaip.ing part of the island ·which purposes. These peopie· go 'from the top . . Mr. ENGL~. Mr, Chairman, I yield 2. is not. to be taken over. of. the island down to the bays to swim. minutes to the gentleman from Arizona Mr. ASPINALL. ' That is right.' There They do not have to w'orry about a large [Mr. UDALL]. · are only about 3 or 4 owners of property quantity of water. · Mr. UDA:ItL. Mr._Chairman, I should within the area concerned, and they Some water and sewage facilities will like to. commend the gentlemen on the would not be dispossessed . . be necessary, of course. But these need other side of the aisle who have made Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 not be extensive. their presentation in opposition to tnis minutes. to-the gentleman Jro·m Colorado Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Chairman, will' bill. I do so even though I am strongly [Mr. ASPINALL.']. the gentleman yield? supporting the proposed legislation. · I Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, I · Mr. ASPINALL. I yield to the gentle happen to come from a part of the coun think we should have a cleat idea of just man from Washington. try where a big proportion of the national what we are trying to do in this'legisla . Mr. WESTLAND. Does tHe gentleman parks and monuments are located. I tion. First, we are trying to firm up a honestly believe that that catchment have 16 national parks and monuments national park area for- a . part of the that the Rockefellers are building there in my own district, including the .Grand United States of America that has no - now would provide sufficient water for Canyon, perhaps the greatest of them all. national park facility at the present camping facilities up at the top of the I know the great need for this mission time. Second, we are trying to preserve mountain? 66 program. I think the opponents to for use by the ordinary citizen an area . Mr. ·ASPINALL . . I believe that there day have made, out a very good case for which is of very low value for other than will be enough water provided by using mis~ion _ 66.; I wish :we .were voting. on it. recreational and -home purposes . . This that .water and other water .that.. can be now. But I do .not think they have made would take from the ·island the center secured. The gentleman knows-he was out a good case against this particular. of it mostly, with some of the shore1ine, with ·us 'when we were on top of the bill todas. . . and set it aside ~s a national patk, but mountain and found one family living As the chairman of· our committee ' would permit a sufficient amount ·of the up there-that they got all of'their water stated'. earlier, ·this· :Proposed '.leg-islation shoreline to remain· for private enter from just the roof. initiated-I think that p_oint . should be prise to develop and use as· it sees fit. Mr. WESTLAND. If the gentleman reiterated here-in a request by the De · It so happens that these islands were will yi~ld further, is not that exactly partment downtown. among the first of the Carribean Islands what this bill would prevent, another As the gentleman from Pennsylvania that were taken possession of by .the family from building a home- within [Mr. SAYLOR], perhaps one of the leading Spanish Government. Later on they these 9,500 acres? We talked to that conservationists in Congress, has indi came under the jurisdiction of England, person. He had a home he had built cated, .this is a conservation issue. It is then the Danes, and, then came our own himself and on which he said he had perhaps one of the most important con jurisdiction over them in 1916. We did spent perhaps $8,000, and which was servation issues this Congress will have not buy these islands because of any worth perhaps $15,000 because he used an opportunity to vote on. The idea for economic value that they had to the his own labor on it. Putting all of this this bill originated with the Department United States. We purchased this out acreage .in ·a park area would preclude of the Interior, and they propose to pre post of the Carribean because the harbor any further such construction. serve this great natural resource. 1956. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6685 The picture we see here at the moment .,I was impressed witli the dispute over ment by the particular _agency administering then is the gentlemen on this side of the the cost of going to the Virgin Islands. such proper_ties that such properties shoulA aisle. rescuing a conservation measure Some say $204 and some say $500 for a be made available for the park, may be trans.. ferred without further authorization to the proposed by the administration. That is couple. But may I say for a resident·of Secretary by such · agency for purposes of not, perhaps, an unusual. situation, but my community in New York State con.. this act; that is precisely the picture we have here templating ·a vacation either to the Vir'!' (f) Establishment of the Virgin Islands Na this afternoon. · gin Islands or to the Yellowstone Na .. tional Park, in its initial phase, shall be So I say this is a sound conservation tional Park, I would think either sum and is hereby dec.lared to be accomplished measure. It is needed. I think we will would be about equal, especially if in the and effective for purposes of administration Virgin Islands you were not going to be when a minimum acreage of not less than look back in the years to come and· say 5,000 acres in Federal ownership for purposes that in enacting this legislation today we burdened very heavily for living costs of this act shall have been acquired by the acted wisely to conserve one of the last after you arrived. Finally, and I think United States in specific areas containing great areas that will qualify for national this is an important point, we are very such acquired lands to be designated by the park status. much concerned here with the economy Secretary; and I say to all Members of the House, let of the .Virgin Islands.. We know it has (g) Notice · of the . establishment of the us back up and support this request by cost the United States a considerable park as authorized and prescribed by this act shall be published in the Federal RegiS Dr. Wirth, the National Parks Director, amount of money in an effort to keep ter. and by the administration, and let us set their economy high. In this case, $5,000 aside this area and add it to our great approximately in taxes would be lost on Mr. ENGLE (interrupting the reading national park system. this property taken over, but we would of the bill). Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, .! yield permit the Virgin Islands to continue to unanimous consent that the bill be con• 3 minutes to the gentleman from New tax the concessions in the national park sidered as read and be open for amend~ Jersey [Mr. KEAN]. and that, I would . think, would balance ment at any point. Mr. KEAN. Mr: Chairman,: this bill out or more than balance out the $5,000 The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection is an administration request. It is a lost plus the rich flow of tourists which to the request of the gentleman from gift to the United States by a farsighted would help the economy of the Virgin California? citizen looking to· the good of our chil Islands. , There was no objection. dren and our children's children. If The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair.. the people had been so ·narrow-minded gentleman from California has expired. man, I offer an amendment. 50 years ago as some of the statements I All time has expired ~ The Clerk read as follows: have heard here today, we would never The Clerk will read. Amendment offered by Mr. MILLER of Ne~ have had· Yellowstone Park, we would The Clerk read as follow~: · braska: On page 3;line 3, strike out subsec 2 never haye had the Grand Canyon Na.:. Be . it enacted, etc. ~ That- a portion of the tion (d) of section and reletter the follow tional Park, we would never have any of Virgin Islands of the United States, con ing subsections accordingly. taining outstanding scenic and other fea our .great national parks. tures . of national significance, shall ·be es Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair.. This is a unique area. It is different tablished, as prescribed in section 2 hereof, man, the chairman of the committee, from any other area in the United States as the "Virgin Islands National Park." · the gentleman from · California [Mr. where there is a park. If we turn down The national park shall be administered ENGLE] and I have discussed this amend .. this request today, as I said when I and preserved by the Secretary of the In ment. . It strikes out the words: questioned the chairman fron.i the floor, terior in its natural condition for the public Funds made available for purposes of this it is practically sure that the area will benefit and inspiration, in accordance with act may be used by the Secretary in such be immediately grabbed up by wealthy the laws governing the administration of the manner as he shall find to be in the public national parks (16 U. S. C. 1, and the f.01:. people and by hotel people who were lowing). , interest, in order to procure by purchase or down there last fall in flocks in St. otherwise, land or interests therein for the SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Interior is park. Croix, and I am sure would be in flocks hereby authorized, subject to the following down there in St. John, and the area conditions and limitations, to prqceed in It seems a rather wide authority for woulq be completely spoiled. such manner as he shall find to be. neces;. the Secretary to have. It is a wild .area. I went· around the sary in the public interest to consummate Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, will the proposed park. by bdat, alt around the the establishment of the Virgin Islands Na tional Par-k: . gentleman yield? · · ' · e;n~ire island. I .do not think there were (a) The acreage of the national park shall Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield. ' a dozen houses' you could see in the area be limited to a total of not more than 9,500 Mr. ENGLE. I concur in the amend which is to be taken ov~r. On the nortb acres of land area, such total to be com ment. We want to· make it clear that side of the island there are wonder! ul prised of not more than 50 acres on the we do not authorize the purchase of white b~aches without a person there. island of St. Thomas, and not more than land. That can be made more abun It is a unique area, an area which for 9,450 additional acres to be comprised of dantly clear by the amendment which I the good of' the ·people · of the United portions of the island of S~. John and such small islands, rocks, and cays not in excess propose to offer, but I agree with this States in future generations should be of 1,000 ·acres in the general vicinity thereof amendment. maqe into a park. If. we do not do it as may be-desirable 'for incJusioti within the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on now we are apt to lose it forever. I park; · the amendment offered by the gentle think for the sake of our children and (b) Tentative ~xterior boundary lines, to man from Nebraska [Mr. MILLER]. our grandchildren we should vote ·to ac include land not in excess of the afore The amendment was agreed to. cept this wonderful gift from Mr. Rocke- said acreage limitations, may be selected for Mr.- ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, I off er feller. · the .park in order to establish the particular areas. in which land may be acquired pur an amendment. Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield suant to this act, such tentative boundaries The Clerk ·read as fallows: 2 minutes to the gentleman from New to-be selected· and ·adjusted as may be neces Amen.dment offered by Mr. ENGLE: On York [Mr. O'BRIEN]. sary l;>y the Secretary of the Interior; page 3, line 24, add a new section as follows: Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. ( c) The· Secretary, on behalf of the United "SEC. 3. There is hereby authorized to be Chairman, may I ·say that I bel1eve the States, is authorized to accept donations of appropriated from Federal funds a sum not opposition to this bill is very sincere and real and personal property within the areas in excess of $60,000 for capital improvements possibly right, although I disagree with selected for the park until such time as the for said Virgin Islands National Park, and aforesaid totaf of 9,500 acres shall hav.e been a sum of not in excess of $30,000 annually the opposition. acquired for the park by the United States, I should like to touch very briefly on for the administration of the Virgin Islands and he· may also accept donations of funds National Park." three of the points which have been made for the-purposes of this act; here. No one's land will be taken away - (d) Funds made available for purposes of Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, this is from him. It·· will be 'donated or sold. this act may be used by the Secreta.ry in such the amendment which was previously m~nner as he shall find to be in th~ pl_lblic discussed. The major objection to this I think that when a person donates or interest, in order to procure by purchase or sells a piece of property it is rather gen otherwise, land or interests therein for the legislation comes from those who think erous to give him a life interest in that park; · · · that we should not be setting up too property thereafter, so there would.be no (e) Any Federal properties situated within elaborate a scheme in the Virgin Islands injustice in_that t!~ld. · the areas sel~~ed- -for ·the park, upon -agree• to take over and manage the park area 6686 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - HOUSE April 19 being provided by the generosity of Mr. Mr. MilLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair tourists at $500 per man and wife for Rockefeller. So I asked the Park Serv man, I offer an amendment, which ·1 transportation_alone, but I doubt it. ice to supply me with a breakdown of send to the desk. _ Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, will the what they had in mind. I previously re .. . The Clerk read as follows: gentleman yield? f erred to where it can be found for those Amendment offered by Mr. MILLER of Ne Mr. GROSS. I yield. who may hereafter or now want 'to look braska: On page 2, lines 8 and 9, after "more," M.r. ENGL~. Qne hundred and three at it in the RECORD. It is on page 19 of strike out "than 50 acres" and insert "than thousand visitors went -down to the the Senate hearings on the bill S. 1604, 15 acres." Virgin Islands in 1954. I explained that the companion bill in the other body ~ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair I thought a good -many of those came Here is what they ask for. They want a man, the bill on page 2, lines 8 and 9, from Puerto Rico; nevertheless, there is superintendent, a chief ranger, a nat"'. calls for 50 acres of land on St. Thomas. a tremendous number of people going to uralist, a r_anger, an administrative aid, That is the other island, some 40 miles the Virgin Islands. and two clerk-stenographers. Those are away. All they need acreage for· is a With reference to Mr. Rockefeller, he seven permanent positions which is more dock and perhaps a storage warehouse hardly needs any bailing out. In this people than I have running the profes in which to 'store some of their mate ca-se he is going to donate the land sional staff of my committee. I told Mr; rials. It did seem to me that acquiring and in addition to that he is setting up Worth I thought he ought to be able to 50 acres on another island might be tak a hotel and other accommodiations that get along on a good deal less than that. ing land needed by the island in the days will cost two or three million dollars to Those salaries, taking into account the ahead. I am· sure they can get along be operated on a nonprofit basis. Territorial differential of 25 percent, run with 15 acres of land for a dock and the Mr. GROSS. Some one suggested here to about $38,000. The balance of $60,000 necessary road, and for a building suf a little bit ago that if this bill was not includes some $9,000 for travel and some ficiently large to store any materials they passed he might pull out. $6,000 for temporary and seasonal labor. may have to store in order to get over Mr. ENGLE. I do not understand and general expenses making up $6,987 to the island of St. John. I am a little he i~ going to pull out, but if they do or a total of $60,000. So I told Mr. fearful that some people in the park not use it as a .national park it may be Worth we ought to be able to get along service might want to build a nice large used for something else. with a superintendent and a couple of house down there on the island of St. The gentleman remarked a little while people to help him out. Nine thousand Thomas, which is a very beautiful place, ago that if I . had voted. as he did on five hundred acres is not a big layout, and have a very plush yacht that they foreign aid we would have had more and we do not want to set up a large ad could use to go back and forth to and money for things like this. I would like ministrative agency. from the island of St. Thomas, but 50 to go something like 50-50 on this for Therefore this amendment places a acres seem .a little large for even a nice eign-aid business-a dollar for them and limitation of $30,000 for annual admin house or another building. So I am a dollar for the home folks. I do not ask istrative expenses. The amount re -offering the amendment to cut down the "the gentleman .to . go that far even on quested for capital investment is size of the bill. this one. It seems to me appropriate to $120,000: $10,000 for trails, $50,000 for Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, a few do something for Americans once in a roads, $25,000 for buildings, $20,000 for ·minutes ·ago the gentleman from Ari while, and that is what thi:J bill.will do. . sewerage, light, water, and communica zona indicated we ought to accept this Mr. GROSS. Of course we have had tions; $15,000 for archeological _surveys. proposal bec13,use it is asked for by the no such 50-50 fo;reign aid proposition .My amendment would cut that in half. administration and specifically by Mr.. before the House. I would like to make It would leave the $10,000 for trails, Wirth, who, I believe, is Director of the it about 10-90, wherein foreigners put $10,000 for roads, $20,000 for building National Park Service. Now, I will say up 90 cents on every American handout structures. All that we need is a little to you that it is my belief in the light of dollar. I might vote for that one, but ranger station there, and the total some recent developments that Mr. we have had no such proposition as that amount requested for sewerage . and Wirth is completely uninhibited when it offered to us. · water and communications is left in. comes to asking for things, so that state; You talk about tourists. Those who The $15,000 for archeological surveys is ment makes little or no impression upon will travel to St. . Johns Island will be cut out entirely, because I think those me. people of considerable means. There fellows down there can do that them We have pending before the House are quite a lot of them in "Mon-ah-co" selves. The _purpose is to limit these now a bill to build, at the expense or "Mon-ay-co,'' however you pronounce amounts so that we are not setting up a of your taxpayers and mine, a six-lane it, right now, but I do not believe you large administrative agency. The serv traffic bridge across the Potomac be-. will find every-day Americans able to ice rendered to the visiting public will be tween the States of Maryland and Vir go to Monaco, and understandably so. taken care of largely by the concession ginia, down at Alexandria, Va. Also Incidentally, I think that Prince and aire, who will operate his concessions on pending is a bill to provide that Mr. Princess business has become very dis a nonprofit basis. If at some later time Wirth get out of the bridge-building gusting, if not nauseating. these amounts appear to be inadequate, business, and turn it over to the Depart Mr. Chairman, I am opposed to · this it is always possible· to come back and ment of Commerce. Yet in spite of that bill. amend this authorization bill and change bill to take Mr. Wirth and the Depart:. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the it in the light of changing circumstances. ment of the Interior out of the bridge gentleman from Iowa has expired. I have offered this amendment after building l:)usiness at Alexandria, he is The question is on the amendment of; consultation with the gentleman from still coming before Congress and asking fered by the gentleman from Nebraska. Nebraska [Mr. MILLER], who appeared for authority to build bridges in the Dis The amendment was agreed to. on the minority report, to make the bill trict area. So he is apparently unin Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair more acceptable to him. hibited when it comes to asking for man, I offer an amendment more or less Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I agree legislation. in the nature of a perfecting amendment with the gentleman from California [Mr. I wonder if this 'pill is a proposition to in view of the adoption of the last one. ENGLE]. The amendment should be bail Rockefeller out with his already The Clerk read as follows: heavy investment on St. Johns Island? adopted as presented by the gentleman Amendment offered by Ml'. MILLER of from California. It overcomes some of I have not been able to determine from Nebraska: On page 2, line 10, strike out "50" the arguments that have been made and insert "85." my o~jections because I thought they around here whether this .is a bill to bail were starting out in a much too grandiose Rockefeller out of his $3 or $3 % million Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair manner. They caIJ.· always come back investment down there. -I just cannot man, that merely corrects the amount to Congress and the Congress will listen . see it from the standpoint of the citizens of ~creage and keeps it in line with the to their plea. of this country, and particularly the av- rest of the bill. : The CHAIRMAN. The question is on . erage garden variety of American citizen The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentle- taking a trip to St. John and down in the the amendment offered by the gentleman man from California [Mr. ENGLE]. · . Caribbean;.! cannot see.it at all. Maybe from Nebraska [Mr. MILLER] . The amendment w~s agr~ed to • .. _ _there is $Oing tc;> pe a great .exodus qf The amendme~t was agreed to.
,. 1956 CONGRESSIONAL llECORD - HOUSE 6687 Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. -Chafr ber the area, that could include a rather Of · this bill to conserve for public use man, I offer another amendment. large number of islands, going clear over the entire beach and waterfront at The Clerk read as follows: to St. Thomas and probably to St. Croix. •Caneel Bay and similar place where the Amendment offered by Mr. _MILLER of ~e I offer this as an amendment. It will land meets the water. In Chicago we braska: On page 3, after line 23, insert: make the bill more acceptable to those of had a long fight to redeem our beautiful "SEC. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of us who signed the minority report. If lakefront for use and benefit of all the section 2 hereof the authority to accept, ac they find they need more islands and people. It would be a tragedy if the en quire or receive by exchange lands for park need more help, they should come back tire Caneel Beach were not open to pub purposes under this act shall terminate 3 years after the effective date of this act and to the Congress and state their reasons. lie use. no land shall thereafter be added to the Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Chair- Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, if the Virgin Islands National Park except by act o:f man, I move to strike out the last word. gentleman will yield, I will be glad to Congress." Mr. Chairman, I should like to ask a make available to the gentleman the map question of the chairman of the com- which has been published by the Park Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair mittee. Under this bill is all of the Service which clearly shows that that man, I have discussed this briefly with waterfront at Caneel Bay reserved for bay which he describes as Caneel is the chairman of the committee. The use of the public? shown on the map as Solomon Bay, and difficulty we have had in some of our Mr. ENGLE. The answer is "Yes." that will be part of the Federal prop- national parks in the past seems to be Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. When the erty. that we set up a national park, then distinguished and beloved gentleman Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. That is as someone comes along without coming to from New York [Mr. GAMBLE], and I I understood, but I wanted to make it Congress and enlarges that park. We visited the Virgin Islands a few months clear that this bill does not give author have had that situation down in the ago we found that they were erecting ity to enter into any arrangement that Everglades Park, we have had it in a near the waterfront a number of cottages closes the beaches to the public. I am half dozen areas of the United States to rent. However, at that time all of the most enthused over this project, having where great enlargements have been waterfront apparently was open to pub- viewed firsthand the work that Mr. made without their coming to Congress lie use. That will be continued? Rockefeller has done in building a road for permission to have such enlargement. Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, if the system where there were only dangerous My amendment would place some re gentleman will yield, the gentleman is trails and in restoring some of those old striction upon the Secretary and limit not exactly right. The area around sugar mills that were operating at the him. If they want to go beyond the Cruz Bay, which is just to the south of time Jamestown was settled, as I under amount in this· bill then it will be neces Caneel Bay, is all privately owned, and stand it. sary to come back to Congress and state from there on around for a considerable Mr. ENGLE. In commenting on the their reasons for the enlargement. That, distance, as well as over to Coral Bay amendment just offered by the gentle I think, will avoid some problems like on the other side,·it will still be open to man from Nebraska, I think it is un we have in connection with the Ever private ownership. It starts someplace necessary, but I do not believe it does glades National Park and some other between Cruz Bay and Caneel Bay area, any harm, and I have no opposition to parks. We have had before us from time arid Rockefeller is building, as the gen- it. to time the situation where they are try tleman knows, on his own property, and Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Chairman, will ing to enlarge parks that sometimes that will be turned over to the Federal the gentleman yield? seem to be large enough already. · Government. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I am happy The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I do not know to yield to the gentleman from Wash the amendme11t offered by the gentle whether the gentleman quite under- ington. man from Nebraska. stands me. I am one who believes that Mr. WESTLAND. My only thought is The amendment was agreed to. Caneel Bay is perhaps the most beauti- that if this property were continued in Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Chairman, I ask ful bathing spot in the world, and I be- the ownership of Mr. Laurance Rocke unanimous consent that the section be lieve the gentleman agrees with-me. · feller, it could always be open to the pub- numbered 4, because we now have 2 sec Mr. ASPINALL. 'The gentleman from lie as it is today; that with the Federal tions 3 in the bill. Colorado agrees with the gentleman. Government entering into this arrange- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Under this ment, the picture will not be any im to the request of the gentleman from bill will the beach at Caneel Bay be un- provement whatsoever. Does the gen- California? der private control? tleman agree with that? There was no objection. Mr. ASPINALL. It will be part of the Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. It is my un- Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair concession. derstanding that Mr. Rockefeller, who man, I off er an amendment. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. What part put all this money into building roads The Clerk read as follows: of it? and making restorations-and the cost Amendment offered by Mr. MILLER of Ne · Mr. ASPINALL. Well, it will be part was very heavy, especially as all ma braska: On page 2, line 12, after "excess o!", of the concession that goes with the terials and most of the labor had to be &trike out "l,000" and insert "500." Rockefeller interests there, the cabanas, brought in from Puerto Rico and else Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair the motels, and the small houses up on where-is now making a donation of the man, this goes to the question of how the hill. But, they will be open to use land and property to the Government for many acres beyond the island may be by the public. use as a national park. acquired. The bill reads this way: "and Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. As well as Mr. WESTLAND,_ My only comment such small islands, rocks, and cays not the title? is that Mr. Laurance Rockefeller, as well in excess of 1,000 acres -in- the general Mr. ASPINALL. And the title. known a conservationist as he is, would vicinity thereof as may be desirable.for Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. When I was maintain that facility in the way it is inclusion within the park." down there a few months ago part of today. One thousand acres takes in a lot of caneel Bay, that people talk about all Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Yes, but it is those islands. It stretches clear over to over the world who have been there, possible that Mr. Rockefeller might do St. Johns, and clear over to St. Thomas. seemed to me to be just in front of these someday as I am going to do some I think there again we ought to simply expensive cottages that rent, as I under- day-die. cut down on the amount of money in stand, during the season at $100 a day, The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the bill. Possibly we ought to limit how Mr. ASPINALL. No;. $17 a day. the amendment offered by the gentleman many of these islands they may take in. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Well, that is from Nebraska [Mr. MILLER]. This will make the bill a little more what they told us. The cottages were not · The amendment was agreed to. · palatable to me and I think to other open. But the beaches in front of these The CHAffiMAN. Under the rule, the Members who signed the minority report. cottages will be open to the public? Committee rises. · In other words, the _Secretary here is Mr. ASPINALL. Yes. That is right. Accordingly the Committee rose; and reaching out and taking in, in addition Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank the the Speaker having resumed the chair, to what he has here, another l_,000 acres gentleman. I -wanted to make certain Mr. KEOGH, Chairman of the Committee of the islands around him. As I remem- that it is the purpose of the authors of the Whole House on the State of the '6688 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· · HOUSE April 19 Union, reported. that that . Committee, ··$trorig and, to my mind, unanswerable .tive that ·Congress· should act to. hold having had under consideration the·bill ·_argument for these measures. 1 out the su:Pi>Orting hand to bolster up and .t to exceed _2 hours, largest or smallest community, can remain a. the foundation of this Republic, and of the to be equally divided and controlled by the mausoleum of stuffed bluejays, rusty mus· unive~sal republic of mankind- chairman and ranking minority member of kets, and shelves filled with. old Harper's and If in this conviction we so liberally use the Committee on Education-and Labor, the Youth's Companion. The good puolic 11· books in our Unit~d -states Information Serv· bill shall be read for amendment under the brary today, wherever it may:be-located on ices abroad- 5-minute rule. At the conclusion of the a hustling, bustling thoroughfare or a book· Would it not be strange were we to delay. ' consideration of the ·bill for amendment, the _mobile traveling over the snowy or . dusty · _ovel'.long in providing __ access to books for .committee shall rise and report the bill to ranes of a rural district, is .an information Americans _in the rural areas, whence has ·the House with such amendments as may and cultural center; and part of a great bul· traditionally come le~dershlp for our urban/ have been adopted, and the previous question wark of national s~curity and progress. centers? shall be considered as ordered on the bUI and 6690 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 19 .amendments.thereto to final passage. without -There is much merit in what this hum saying, ."What you should do.ls kick out Sec intervening motion except one motion to re- ble American, our President, said about retary Benson and follow him yourself as commit. · self-discipline. Let me quote: fast as you can." · I really felt I would like to have answered A great Frenchman defined liberty as the that man, for this one reason: He was right; right of self-discipline. In a nation such as POLITICS AND STATESMANSHIP CAN I have many, many busin~ss friends, and ours, indeed in any social order, there is a GO HAND IN HAND some of them sent me messages. But every great need for performance of certain jobs in message I had from the businessmen-and Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I ask which people must work together. In other some of them old and dear friends-said, unanimous consent to address the House forms of government this group work is pro "Please sign the bill." So I think, just in for 1 minute, to revise and extend my duced under the orders of a dictator, or of a defense of "terrible" businessmen, I should central government that is all-powerful. answer· that one man. remarks, and to include a speech of-the Free government gives us the right to do it by President delivered on April 17, 1956. Now tonight, even this early in 1956, we spontaneous cooperation. When that readi seem to find ourselves in the midst of a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ness to cooperate with others in the perform presidential campaign, though neither party the request of the gentleman from Iowa? ance of these great problems disappears, then has yet nominated its candidate for the There was no objection. it will not be America. I deem it one of the office. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, the great missions of the Republican Party to At stake in the contest will be more thari evening of April 17, 1956, it was my privi"'." keep alive, to help to grow, to enrich the idea public office, more than the elation of suc that every citizen must forever be eager to cess or the gloom ·of defeat, more even than lege to attend an important meeting of perform his obligations to the country when the fortunes of a great political party. · my political party and where I think I it is needed. Farmers, laborers, businessmen, Next November, America will decide the saw some significant things happening veterans, all parts of our American commu course our Republic shall take through a that will go down in history and pointed nity deserve the conce:rn and support of gov 4-year span- of inescapable problems and to as a desirable trend in political ernment in making their contribution to our mighty challenges; of many dangers for the activity. national well-being. timid anti the weak; of rewarding opportuni This meeting began, Mr. Speaker, as· a Finally, Mr. Speaker, may I m:;i.ke the ties for the courageous and wise. On that 4-year course-on the policies purely but respectable partisan affair, observation that the history and story that guide it, on the character and attitudes and it was reasonable to expect in this that we are pleased to call American is of those chosen to dttect it, on the spirit atmosphere that all speakers and par probably the most fascinating and chal which animates the Republic during it-de ticipants in the program should appeal to lenging of any system-ever given to man pends the continuance of our advance in the normal prejudices of party activity kind. This, in my opinion, is so because prosperity, the. strengthening of our secu and the normal appeals were made with from the very beginning our people, rity, the progress we shall make toward a one notable exception. That was when through its government and its many just peace among the nations. and varied undergirding influences, have My fellow Republicans, the campaign be President Eisenhower made his history fore us is concerned with those things which making presentation in which he demon been conscious of a peculiar destiny; count most-people and principles. strated that the title of politician and this is so because our people have seemed The campaign is concerned with people, statesmanship in their finest sense can to sense that upon them has been f o for the mission of our party is to help 167 go hand in hand. cused, as if by divine appointment, the million Americans build a nation stronger Mr. Speaker, as I reflect back in his hopes and aspirations of a large part of spiritually and materially. To describe the tory it seems that not since Lincoln's sec the human race; and, Mr. Speaker, it has nation I mean, permit me to quote myself:. ond inaugural address . and Cooper1s not failed, because throughout history "a nation whose every citizen has reason for we have had great men who set up sign .. bold hope, where effort is rewarded and pros.: Union speech have we heard remarks so perity -shared, where freedom expands and nonpartisan and yet so American at a posts pointing the way for the people of peace is ·secure." · purely political meeting. · their time-many· of· them here in the People are made in the image of God. Mr. Speaker, when in history have we Jialls of Congress-they are reflected in They are divinely endowed with aspirations heard the following at a. political the lives of the men whose pictures we and talents. Their political organizations meeting: see on our left and on our right. The must reflect this truth. Therefore, the Re Father of Our County must remind publican Party· must be inspired by a con Now, no party has a monopoly on brains or us each day of his Farewell Address, cern for the rights of every citizen regard• idealism or statesmanship. We-Republicans less of his station; that sets up no walls of and Democrats alike-are motivated by the and when we see Lafayette's picture we birth or creed; that ranks all men and women same loyalty to the flag; by the same devotion must be reminded of his great contribu of decency and good will as equal in their' to freedom and human dignity; by the same tion toward making this Government of dignity. high purposes for the Nation's security and the people a reality. The campaign ls concerned with principles its people's welfare. Within our hearts and We are reminded, too, of all the rich because they provide the only sound base for minds, in all things that are vital to the Re history of our country and that it is with policies and practices. Policies not ba~ed on public, we cannot be partisans. We are all virtuous contributions made by people principle retreat to expediency. They be Americans. But iu the practical pursuit of come-as we have seen them become in the national objectives we differ in our methods, that are remembered and become a part past-surrenders to pressure, bribes for sup in our traditions, in our philosophy of gov of our rich traditions, and since I feel port, escapes from responsibility. Because ernment's responsibilities. that the type of thing exemplified by our expediency is a betrayal of America's trust, President the evening of April 16 is a de the Republican Party in this campaign will What could be a better objective of sirable trend in politics that should be be, as always, dedicated and inspired by both our political parties than the encouraged by all who are in political principles, by political integrity. following? life, and because I sincerely believe that But an evident concern for people and an }listorians will note this as one of the incontestable concern for principles are not The campaign is coiice.rned with people, of themselves automatic guaranties of S\.\C• for the mission ()f_our party is to help 167 · great documents in the history of our cess in an election campaign. million Americans build a nation stronger country, I am asking that his remarks be These two elements must be demonstrated spiritually and materially. To describe the published. .fn a consistent program, understood by all Nation I mean; permit me to quote myselfi My fellow Republicans, it ls a grand feeling our people.· "A nation whose every citizen has reason ~or to know that l am among friends. As you Our party must be an organized crusade bold hope, where effort is rewarded and pros m,ay be aware, following any Presidential ad of men and women ·who preach and exem perity shared-, where freedom expands and dress, a flood of messages pour in at the plify our concern and dedication. Republi peace is secure." White House.'· Among. a very large group to can men and women must be tireless in win People are made in the image of God. day, I am glad to say preponderantly, over ning new friends to the party. They must be They are divinely endowed with aspirations whelmingly favorable, there were a few sustained by a high morale that ls rooted in and talents. Their political organizations sturdy souls who expressed themselves personal conviction. differently. To such a party any American could be must reflect this truth. Therefore, the Re One man from California started out, "I proud to belong. publican Party must be inspired by a con am disgusted." And he said, "Never a.gain I am. I think none of us can be a member cern for the rights of every citizen regardless will I vote for this party. To think that such of a meeting of this kind without sensing, at of his station; that sets up no walls of birth a party would allow itself to be led by a least subconsciously, something of our tra or creed; that ranks all men and women of weakling, persuaded by his business friends, ditions and the spirit of our first and greatest decency and good will as equal in their his rich business friends, to crucify the farm leader, Abraham Lincoln. One of the sim dignity. ers of the United States." He ended up by plest and greatest facts of his life was that 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6691 long before he ~came i>resi4~nt, he ~spoused ful in its wldesptead benefits, more depelid do lt by spontaneous cooperation. When a principle. He expressed it tl.rst publicly in able ·and more creative. ·. that readiness to cooperate with others in his speech of the divided house. He said, "I The Republican Party, by all its traditions. .the performance of these great problems dis do not expect a house to fall, bu.t it wm be ls committed to support. men's. aspirations appears, then it will not be America. I deem come all one or all the other." And ~:r:om and .convictions .as individual citizens. We it one of the- great missions of the. Republi that moment on, he became dedicated to one reject any attempt to treat ..them. merely as can Party, to. keep alive, to help to grow, to ideal, one principle: to serve this· country members. of· pressure groups or as serial num enrich the idea that every citizen must for with all his might, to pre5erve it. To pre bers in the files. of. a Government offtce.:; The ever be eager to perform his obligations to serve the dream and the vision of our found individual-in his God-given talents, in his the country when 1t ls. needed.. Farmers, ing fathers, well knowing that a c_ut-up limitless potential-is the source · of every laborers, businessmen, veterans, all parts of divided national existence on this continent advance in the material and intellectual good our American community deserve the con would be ruin for us all. of humanity. cern and support of government in making Everything he did from then on. the in: That fundamental principle in the Repub thek contribution to our national well-being. sults he took from his own Cabinet, the lican credo has a corollary-every American The sixth principle, as I see it, is: The pur sarcasm he endured, the way-lie was almost 1s equal before the law and the conscience pose of government fs to serve, never to abused by a general¥ to the great horror of his of Government. dominate. There has never been a better, aides. And he refused to resent it, saying In the philosophy of the Republican Party, clearer explanation of this principle than merely, "If the man will win a b_attle! I will the role of Government requires a faithful one I have often quoted from Abraham Lin hold. his horse." He dedicated himself heart stewardship of the heritage- received from coln. "The legitimate object of govern and soul, and completely, to one thing: the our forebears, that heritage is to be trans ment," he said, "is to do for a community good of the United States of America, Vfhlch mitted-enriched and enlarged-to our of people, whatever they need to have done, was its unity. descendants. Heedful to the wishes and but cannot do, at all, or cannot, so well do, Even at that day, as he pondered the great the needs of the day, the Republican Party for themselves-in their separate, and in Emancipation Proclamation, it was done as a wlll not be false to itself by despo111ng our dividual capacitieS'. But in all that people war measure, for its infiuence on keeping this 'children for a present, transitory advantage. can indiVidually do as well for themselves. Nation one. . So believing, all of us must work to have government ought not to interfere." A party which in all its gatherings. senses, the American people more clearly know th9 hovering in a room such as this, that spirit, And here ls the seventh principle I sug principles of the Republican program fo~ gest: To stay free we must stay strong. that history, that tradition, can never go far America tomorrow, next year-a generation Though we must recognize that peace can from the beaten path. Dedication to service, hence. · not be gained by arms alone, yet we must not to self-glorification. · Now these principles, to my thinking, are gird ourselves with sufficient military I am often asked why I ~ntered political several in number. They are implicit in the strength to discourage resort to war and to life as .a Republican. personal testament I have just made to you. Now no party has a monopoly on brains or protect our Nation's vital interests; more idealism or statesmanship. We-Republi But I should like to present some of them to over, we must help to strengthen the col cans and Democrats alike-'are .motivated by you explicitly-for your examination, or cor lective defense of free natfons against those the same loyalty to the flag; by the same de rection, or amplification. who would seek their ends through aggres votion to freed.om and human dignity; by The first is this: The individual is of su sion. Our own and our allied strength must the same high purposes for the Nation's secu preme importance. You, your family, your be spiritual, intellectual, scientific, material. rity and its people's welfare. Within our neighbors, the people down the street-peo The eighth, and in this day requiting special emphasis, is: Under God, we espouse hearts and minds, 1n all ~ings that are vit~l ple everywhere-every American of every race to the Republic, we cannot be partisans. and creed should enjoy equally the rights the cause of freedom and justice and peace We are all Americans. But in the pra.ctical and privileges ·of free citizens in a free for all peoples. The peace we want wm be the product of understanding and agreement pursuit of national ob)ectiv~s. we differ ~ nation. our methods, in our traditions, in our phi: And the second: The spirit of our people and law among nations. It will re:flect en losophy of government's responsibilities. is the strength of our Nation. The ultimate lightened self-interest. It will foster thb I am a Republican, because I share our values of mankind are spiritual. These val.,. concentration of human energy for the ad;. par.ty's ·deep-·lying trust in what freemen can ues include liberty, human dignity, oppor vancement of human standards in all the areas of mankind's material and spiritual do--a f:undamental trust in the ~ature and tunity, and equal rights and justice. These capab111ty of individual human beings. . are our heritage and birthright. our com life. I believe that the Republican platform, I believe the Republican Party, in its mon efforts to preserve and strengthen t~em methods and traditions and broad philos- muet be ·inspired by things of the spirit-by presented to America at the national con:. ophy: - national pride,· by self-respect, by an eager vention in August, w111 ln substance be the Offers the best hope of preserving the self ness to meet our responsibilities as freemen, expression of these principles applied to the relia-nce- and vigorous independence of in by humility in our recognition of the debt we human problems of today and tomorrow. owe generations of men and women who It w111 therefore be a program for the good dividual Americans; of all Americans, whether they work in field Best serves the Nation ~n the search for built this Nation. peace ·with justice and freedom; The third, in my opinion, is: No section or factory or office. Faith in America and Best fosters a competitive enterprise econ1" or group in America can permanently prosp_er in God Will be its inspiration. Courage and unless all groups and sections so prosper. optimism will hearten it. Integrity will omy whose purpose ls a wider prosperity characterize it. The welfare of all the people, fairly shared; . More jobs and better jobs, a flourishing agri culture, happier living for every family, peace the security of the Republic, the peace of Best keeps economic decision-making in the world Will belts objectives. the hands of the people and out of the hands and plenty for all people-these call for a It is our conviction that, for Americans of Government; strong, growing, private-enterprise economy who cherish eternal principle and high pur• Best answers the concerns of. people for in which there are ever-increasing opportu pose, that document will chart the path to the meeting of their human needs; nities. a better America, a Nation ever growing in Best assures our children, and their chil The fourth principle is surely this: Gov material and in spiritual strength. The dren's children, the heritage of an America ernment must have a heart as well as a head. Republican platform will be a program of rich in all the resources of nature, dynamic We must concern ourselves with basic human principle around which all Americans in great traditions and. ideals and purposes. problems. Americans are committed to the Republicans. Independents, and sound I so believe because the Republican Party alleviation of misfortune and distress among thinking Democrats-<:an rally. We welcome remains true to its heritage. their fellow citizens. Government should them all. Our party was born to vindicate the equal increase and strengthen personal and family Tomorrow you return to your homes in dignity of all men, their_ equal right to life, secµrity without impairing the self-respect, every. State and Territory of the Republic, liberty, and the pursuit of .happiness. The the initiative, and the incentive of the in and on the islands of the Caribbean. You dedication of its earliest days still animates dividual to provide for his own. go as leader&", ehosen to lead by those who our party in this age when worldwide cor The fifth: Courage in principle, cooperation know best your fitness for the responsibil rosion eats away at freedom, and justice and in practice makes freedom positive. Qur peo ities of leadership. To help prepare your opportunity for men. - ple's eagerness to corppete is matched only by selv.es for the campaign ahead, you have, . The Republican Party has fostered the de· their willingness to cooperate in a common during the past 2 days, talked over the pro~ velopment of an economy, dynamic in its cause. lems and the anxieties of our time, the power to release men's energies. Vast, un A great Frenchman defined liberty as the strategy and the tactics of the campaign, the fettered production for vast, unfettered con right of self-discipline. In a nation such priorities of your various tasks and missions. sumption is the economic expression of our as ours, indeed in any social order, there is Permit me a word of counsei to ·you on political belief: All wbo work to produce a great need for performance of certain jobs the eve of youi ·departure. I offer my , ob:. should share equitably in the fruits.of their in which people must .work together. In servation.8 wfth real temerity, because I want labor. · .other forms of_government this group work to talk a moment about leadership and or._ Today, under the policies of the Republican is p:coduced. under the orders of a dictator, gan1zation, -and r realize tbat every individ Party, our econotny is :more- immense than or ot a central ·government that ·ts all-power ual in this room has had real experience in ever before in its productivity, more bounti- ful. Free government gives us the right to these fields: 6692 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 19 You have already entered a vigorous cam.. Moreover, we must convince them that it · It is understandable that in a political paign, and the first point to remember is: is the party in which their own qualities of year the Republican Party wants to pre There is no such thing as an easy battle. leadership Will be recognized and employed. tend to be a friend of labor-no matter The purpose of the present battle is to Win So shall we go before the country with a the hearts and minds of men and women program that is concerned with those things how many things it does to workers in Republican recruits to assure the party's which count most-peoples and principles. other years. Let us examine the pose. right to carry on the business and functions · Let us stand on a record that reflects only Why is it up to us, in the second session of government. desire of the Republican Party to serve of the 84th Congress, to "do something" Above all, it is our hope to appeal to youth America honestly and earnestly, a record swiftly about legislation for the benefit because, once won to our side, the young that is unempeachable in its concern for of workers. Mr. Speaker, the principal citizen will, each year throughout a life people and principles. reason is that Secretary Mitchell, for much longer than most of us will have, We will win if, from the moment of your all his soft soap. now, did not have any attract other men and women to the party. arrival home, you work to build a crusading organization of inspired morale, determined comprehensive program of his own until The good fighter takes nothing for granted. less than a year ago. It is not enough that you march under the to interpret Republican principles, and the Republican banner-a banner of which we Republican program to all tne people. He has been in office since the autumn are so proud because of the ideals and the Victory will be the product. of 1953, but it wasn't until May of. 1955 .principles for which it stands. You must Ladies and gentlemen, I thank you for your that some of the bills in what he now look well to your organization and to the kind attention. calls the President's program were leaders you will assemble to ~irect its efforts. recommended. It was not until this Many long years in the service of our OPERATION FANTASTIC year that others were recommended. country brought me into contact with men SQme of his reports, needed before sensi.. whose qualities as leaders were uns_urpass.ed. The SPEAKER. Under previous order .ble action can be taken on the basis of From them I learned many valuable lessons of the House, the gentleman from Illinois facts, arrived only recently. Some of in organization. Among their immediate as ·[Mr. PRICE] is recognized for 15 minutes. sociates-that is, among the generals and the them have not arrived yet. high-ranking staff officers-the great leaders Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, we have re There is something a little laughable surrounded themselves with the wisdom that cently observed a remarkable spectacle. about a solemn listing of 9 specific bills comes from long study, from work, and ex The Republican Party is suddenly trying as Mr. Eisenhower's labor program. perience. But they made certain, those to picture itself as a great and good These bills, fundamentally, are nothing great leaders did, that each lower echelon of friend of labor. Gentlemen from the leadership would in its composition, respond more than housekeeping measures. The Republican Party are complaining that purpose of most is laudable, but they are to the need for youth, for the idealism, the we Democrats have not done enough for vigor, the enthusiasm of youth-in carrying working people, and that working people not measures to arouse the unbounded out the hard and detailed work always nec enthusiasm of working people. They are essary to victory. are going to punish us terribly at the measures to make slight if desirable im As long as I am back in my military life polls. provements in programs long ago put for a second, I should like to observe one This election-year maneuver might be into effect by Democratic administra .. thing about leadership that one of the great .termed "Operation Fantastic." But it is tions. They blaze no new trails. They has said-Napoleon. He said, the great lead being spearheaded by the Secretary of er, the genius in lea.dership, is. the man who Labor, Mr. Mitchell, a personally amiable pioneer no new ground. can do the average thing when everybody man in an exceedingly tough spot in a Let us take a look at some of the things else is going crazy. Republican administration. It · has the the gentleman from Pennsylvania CMr. I think this is important in a political ScoTT] did not mention in running down campaig:p., because I recall the incident one full cooperation of the Republican Na .. tional Committee, which in its publicity his list o{ measures to define Mr. Eisen.. .night when a great many people on my train, bower's labor program. and certainly half of California, were sud pictures Mr. Mitchell as an excessively denly upset, and they saw the election lost diligent and effective Cabinet officer. It . He did not mention amendment of the in California, therefore the Nation, .and .is echoed in this House from the other Taft-Hartley Act. Why not? ·Because things were ·going to the bad place in a side of the aisle. the belated Eisenhower proposals on hand basket. ·Just before the Easter recess the gen .. Taft-Hartley amendment were muddled One man walked into the room and he tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. ScoTT] and inadequate and were emphatically .said to this group of very excited people, took the floor for a speech on what he .rejected by the Congress, and Secretary "You might as well go on home, not even .Mitchell has not had a new idea on the · your worries and your fears and your trepf blandly labeled the "President's pro dations can lose California." And, he said, gram" for the benefit of workers. He ran subject since. "I know because I a.m going to speak for down the list of nine little bills and com Mr. Mitchell, indeed, appears not to the Republican ticket, and I have asked the plained that we Democrats had not be allowed to have any independent ideas committee to se:p.d me into 17 other States, :moved ·fast enough. He piously ex .on this subject. Secretary of Commerce not here, I am not needed." And he was pressed a political hope that what he Weeks has more influence in .this admin _right. called the "reluctant Democratic leader .. istration on the subject of Taft-Hartley So if you can just keep your head when ,than Mr. Mitchell has. So in a fulsome the pressures are on, that is one of the matks ship" would "encourage" hearings on of the real leader. some of these bills. He promised men .. declamation on Mr. Eisenhower's so .. Moreover, the best leaders never lost an acingly that unless we got these precise called labor program, our Republican opportunity to visit their own front-line little bills passed "American wage earners friends find it too embarrassing to men men-to see, to learn, but above all to es ·wm judge this Democratic Congress as tion Taft-Hartley. tablish that spirit of comradeship that would the foot-dragging, do-nothing Congress." Th~ gentleman from Pennsylvania did withstand any temporary reverse. The next day another volley was fired not mention expansion of minimum wage So it must be with any organization· that coverage, to protect more than 20 million strives to influence millions of people into by the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. a particular line of action. The wisdom of FRELINGHUYSEN]. This gentleman gave . workers now left unprotected by the $1 experience is necessary, and this you pro some statistics on an increase in indus an hour minimum wage we established vide, each for your own organization. But trial accidents and demanded action on last year in amending the Fair Labor it is not alone sufficient. the President's program including a Standards Act. To weld your organization into an effec piddling $2 million for grants to the The President talks about expansion tive instrument for a political campaign, States for industrial safety programs. and Secretary Mitchell says he favors it. each of you must visit and must intimately I assume it was not a coincidence that But there is not any administration bill know those who, under your direction, are on the subject. carrying the daily burdens of the flgh t. · the gentleman from New Jersey put his Moreover. to attract the young recruit, the statistics into the RECORD at almost the Last year, indeed, Mr. Mitchell came mechanism of leadership that you set up exact time Secretary of Labor Mitchell up here and recommended that the Con must itself search out and employ the young. was releasing them at a press conference gress study the desirability of expanding Our aim must be to convince every Ameri downtown. And once again we Demo .. minimum-wage coverage to those now can newly arriyed at votiJ?.g ~ge, that the crats were menaced with the threat of left unprotected. He did not recom Republican Party, by its principles and by labor's retaliation unless we approved mend anything. He did not ask us to the quality and .appeal of its personnel, is the piddling $2 million; once again we do anything specific. He did not throw the party through which young citizens' were exhorted to act in behalf of the the weight of the White House behind aspirations for their country can be achieved, President's program. a measure. · "1956. CONGRESSIONAL: RECORD- HOUSE .6693 This year he has no.t even asked us to ers-and on that subject the administra- I might suggest there that the name study expansion of coverage. He will tion is silent. had better be changed to students for not say in press conferences what he Decent Federal standards of unem- · Detrimental Action- would like to see done. ployment compensation would benefit retracted their bid under the prompting _of So the Republicans in. muttering about almost all workers in interstate com.. the parent organization, Americans for Mr. Eisenhower's so-called labor pro .. merce, perhaps thirty or thirty-five Democratic Action- gram have to leave out minimum wages million-and on this subject the Eisen- Here again I would change that name and expansion of coverage as well as hower administration is silent. · Taft-Hartley. Unpacking the NLRB would benefit to Americans for Detrimental Action- There is a third subject the gentle .. workers both organized and unorgan another organization on the Pennsylvania man from Pennsylvania did .not men .. campus· invited· Hiss to speak there. But ized-but nothing is being don~. because this was a group which caters to tion-amendment of the unemployment Amendment of the social-security laws unpopular radicals, Hiss declined. Quite compensation law to set minimum Fed to liberalize them would benefit millions obviously he- eral standards below which no State of women workers, their retired hus could fall.- bands, and the totally and permanently Meaning Hiss- Such Federal standards have been re .. disabled-and on this subject the Eisen wishes to regain the respectability he lost quested repeatedly by labor leaders and hower administration opposes liberaliza when he was convicted for perjury. In this expert witnesses from unions testifying tion. sense he is "using" Princeton. But so did on the deficiencies of some State sys .. ESTES KEFAUVER and Billy Graham. We have The nine little bills are not a labor no reason to condemn a man's desire to terns. But a program for minimum Fed.. program. They are simply housekeeping further his own interests. eral -standards would be a pioneering bills advanced to cover up the fact that thing-it would plow fresh ground. all the big things, the important things, I read that to the House because it in And, despite election-year oratory, we have been ldt out. dicates the type or° thinking that is goiI)g get no plowing of unbroken ground from Are the Republicans trying to kid us on in one of our outstanding universities. President Eisenhower and Secretary or kid themselves? Are they hoping to I daresay this type of thinking is not iso Mitchell in the field of labor legislation. silence us about the fact that Secretary lated, either. But to begin with, we Let us look at a couple of other fac of Commerce Weeks has. more to say note that Hiss was invited to speak else tors that might reasonably be included about labor policy under-President Eisen where but Hiss would not go because he in a genuine labor program or a gen hower. than Secretary Mitchell? . They did not want to speak where "unpopular uine program for the general welfare. are obviously trying to befuddle the radicals" spoke. Apparently he con This House last year passed a bill voters. It is a good trick if you can get ceives himself to be a popular radical. amending the social-security laws to pro .. away with it. I do not think they can. This is the first time I have ever known, vide pensions for disabled workers at I think, in the history of man where a the age of 50, to lower the retirement person w:tio has betrayed his country can age of women workers and the eligi ALGER HISS AND PRINCETON attract~ crowP, ill that country, a crowd bility of widows for pensions. That bill UNIVERSITY ·· of admirers, a crowd of people who seem . is now pending in Senate committee. to feel that -betrayal is the art of the And what is the Eisenhower adminis The SPEAKER. Under previous or day. So because Mr. Hiss was too par tration~s attitude? The administration der of the House, the gentleman from ticular where he would go, the students is against it. Secretary Folsom testified New Jersey [Mr. Tu?4ULTY] is recog had to offer him the great Princeton against it. nized for 15 minutes; · University as a forum where the Conti ·secretary Folsom has to reverse, as Mr. TtJMuLTY. Mr. Speaker, rise nental Congress met hundreds of years an Eisenhower official, certain attitudes today to speak again on the subject on ago. he had expressed years ago as a pri.. which I addressed the House a few days I referred to this editorial, which is vate citizen. As a private citizen he fa ago. That is on the invitation which generally written in that stuffy univer vored lowering the retirement age for the American Whig-Cliosophic Debating sity style so prevalent these days among women workers and favored disability Society of Princeton University extended the so-called eggheads, and I read from benefits. · But now that he has joined to Alger Hiss. He is being invited by it again: what the gentleman from Pennsylvania that debating society to address the stu.. Whig-Clio's motives for inviting Hiss mi:i,y CMr._ScOTT] wants us to consider the pro. dents on the Meaning of Geneva. be open to question. It is well known that labor Eisenhower administration, he is I am not going to repeat what I said the organization does not invite speakers against them. · last week, but I did think the House unless it feels they will draw crowds. Usual In discussing the so-called adminis .. would be interested in some of the in ly, these speakers have vital viewpoints to formation whic;h has developed since express. If Whig-Clio invited Hiss to speak tration labor program, the gentleman here simply for sensationalism, we would obviously felt, also, that it would not be that talk. I have before me the Daily have to censure them- discreet to mention the Eisenhower anti .. Princetonian, which is a newspaper, labor packing of the National Labor Re.. published at Princeton, under date of This is important- lations Board by spokesman of big busi Thursday, April 12. In this editorial we but since Hiss is a man with opinions of ness. This packing and its results were are told that: great interest on international . affairs, we authoritatively documented just .before Whig-Clio-- cannot legitimately condemn them. the recess by the senior Senator from So that we now have the picture ofHiSs Oregon, Mr. MORSE. When the Eisen Which is the name of the debating so .. ciety- · coming before the university as a man hower apologists speak in this House, the who has "great interest in international subject simply .is not mentioned. was not obligated by any consideration of affairs," and whose "opinions cannot be Mr. Speaker, I suggest that the nine free speech. to invite Hiss to come here. But once the invitation had been extended and condemned.'' In other words, we are little bills conjured up in a package as now being led to believe this man was the alleged Eisenhower labor program accepted, a policy reversal would imply Princeton's acceptance of the opinion that just guilty of some little peccadillo. are not a labor program at all. Could it be that the student who wrote We are told that one would benefit Hiss was indeed different. He may be a maybe 650,000 workers, another 1 million symbol, but he is still entitled to his rights. this editorial has so little regard for his No matter how strong the criticism~ we must workers. country that he can still think of Hiss as not forsake this ideal; both for our personal someone whose opinion is of great im But realistic amendment of Taft-Hart.. integrity and for Princeton's reputation. ley would benefit all 18 million union portance and which cannot be legiti Alger Hiss · has had many invitations to mately condemned? . members and. 18 -million-other workers speak, throughout the country. He is not who-would have a better chance for col at a loss for a place to-air his views. Thus I can recall when I went to school I lective bargaining-and on that subject far, he has accepted only two -of these invi remember reading something from Sir the administration is silent; tations-Whig-Clio's ·and Swarthmore's. Walter Scott. I just thought I would Expansion of minimum wage coverage When the Students !or Democratic Action read it again. That is not so long ago, could benefit more than 20 million work- at Swarthmore- either, and I can recall reading· it. 6694 . ;CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·· . HOUSE April"19 Breathes Ulere the man.. with soul' ,so dead, conscious, active, and:importalitmember -Mr. 'TUMULTY.. lie is :addressing Who never to himself hath .said,. .. '.Illis is my of the Soviet conspiracy. He betrayed them ·on -the ·meaning of Geneva; the · own, my natlve land!" ali those who reposed trust in. him. · He meaning of the conference held between Whose heart bath ne'er within blm burn'd is still part of that conspiracy so far as President Eisenhower and Bulganin. .As .home his footst.eps he hatb turn"d, · .From waud.eringona:farelgn strand? we know. and this attempt to rehabili- Mr~ GROSS~ 1 guess he was out of the If such there breathe, go, m:aTk h1m well; tate him, as the editorial pai.pts out. is penitentiary-at that time, but he was not For him no minstrel .r.aptures swell; a deliberate attempt. In my opinion, it 11.t Geneva, was he? High tbough his tltl-es4 -proud bls name, is a start fo.r him to make a comeback Mr. TUMULTY. He was not at Boundless his ·wealth as wish-ean 'Clalm, · m that he can :still advance the -cause of Geneva. He was perhaps out of the Despite those titles, power. and pelf, .atheistic communism by using the uni- penitentiary on conditional rel-ease at The wretch, concentred. all 1n .self, versity as a backdrop of respectability. the time. Incidentally, while he was on Living,..shall forfeit :r.a.tr .renown. Y.ou know we have the Congressional f was tortured in such a "fashion that your architect who put the Russians in con the Princeton Aquinas Foundation, has hair would stand on e.nd if you heard trol of the United Nations and thereby invited Willard Edwards of the Wash him ten what they did to him. Yet, . assured that -0rganization that it would ington staff of the Chicago Daily News these kid§, these Katzerrjammer .strip- be a failure before it .ever got into to speak Aprl1 .25. He is going to .speak lings, as I call them, -aTe going out of .operati.on. on the meaning of Alger lliss. And their way to bring Hiss, who is deter- .Mr. TUMULTY. I cannot guess on what happens"? 'Ilnmediately there ls mined to destroy everything that their the devious twisted mind of a traitor, organized "the ·veterans in Princeton," university stands for. to their campus but if It would support .and advance the an organization of some 80 .students. who and there irnowingty -permit him to use cause -0f the Soviet Union I am .sure he are veterans of all branches oI the serv the Ivy Towers and the great tradition would .advocate lt. ice. They are presenting a petition to and culture of Princeton University so .Mr. WITHROW. Will the gentleman the Dai]y Princetonian, the campus th'at he might slowly but surely advance yield? , newspaper in which they defend the Hiss the cause of this rountry's destruction. Mr. TUMULTY. I yield. invitation and attack tbe 1egi-On and tbe It is not ju.st a childish prank. It is not · .Mr. 'WITHROW. I was under the im VFW for interference with I reed om of one of those g-0ldfish-swaliowing stunts pression that .Alger - Hl~ had lost his speech. This petition would censure that these students indulge in. Someone citizenship. .both the Veterans of Foreign Wars and else is' behind it. I do not know wb9, Mr. TUMULTY. I would assume he the American Legion ~f citizenship. I themselves by their interference with an across, because yoa can .see the oogin- honestly do not know. T.he inference American citizen being allowed to ex ning .of the old technique. That is the gathered from this new.s article ls to press his views in pub1ic before an audi -0ld Communist technique starting again. make him to appear to be .a. normal ence... "'We"--,so the petitioner says Now, who in the university? As Father citizen like you and me. 1f he has not "feel we are mature enough to judge any Rigney said the other day, one Commu.- lost his citizenship it .should be taken argument 'On its own merits." . nist in the country is one too' many; be- away from him. • because unless we learn This American citizen_:._meaning cailse the moment one is there they or- · to get .rid of that kind of man wllo would Hiss-how he clings to citizenship when ganize; stealthlly. They organize in destroy us, we will be destr-0yed. it serves his purpose. But how disloyal such fashion that before you know it the Mr. WITHROW. I .agree with you. he w.as to it when he had the opportunity country is gone; and this country can Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, to serve his .country~ N.ow the propo be taken. I am surprised at the men in will the gentleman yield?' sition is simply this. Are we gettirig our university circles who seem to be Mr. TUMULTY. I yield. in our universities the type of teachers unconscious of what is g.oing .cm. Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Was he not con- that we have a right to expect? Are the It might be a good idea to declare a victed of a felony? universities of our country .somewhat moratorium on some types of education Mr. TUMULTY. Yes. responsible for this situation? How can for a while, so that some of our students Mr. CUNNINGHAM. · Then that au.to- you explain that young American -citi can recover from the type of training matieally deprives him of .his citizen zens who will some day grow up to be they are getting. Is it unreasonable for ship. Members of this House or-, perhaJ)s, me to ask that the university not aid Mr. TUMULTY. Yes; its privileges. Members of the other body, or hold some this man Hiss in his plan? Is there Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Does the gentle- important governmental post, how to something peculiar about an American man know whether any steps have been explain their desire to preserve the saying, "Please do . not advance the taken to restore his citizenship? 'right" of this man to address them. I destruction of this country"? Who only . Mr. TUMULTY. No; but I am con say if he wanted to go before the House have prais·e, only have pats on the back, vinced that is what they would 1ike to Committee on Un-American Activities only have compliments for those who are do. Hiss is more concerned for his repu and there recant and there tell us the cowardly betrayers? A betrayer is the tati-on than the students are for the uni truth and there tell us to whom he gave worst conceivable type of animal. If he versity's. He will not talk where the our secrets, then I could understand that were a gunman you would have a chance soapbox orators ho1d forth. He wants to there mig·ht be some merit to it. But if you could draw first, but the man wno pick out the nice places. . - . - . why should American students go out of gets up and takes advantage of all that ~r. CUNNINGHAM. ls that not a their way to hurt our country? I sup is good in your nature to impress you and buildup to apply for restoration of full pose· it is old-fashioned and somewhat then turns you over to those who would citizenship? of a cliche to say, "I love the country destroy you ·is the worst I can think of. Mr.· TUMULTY. Yes; t think it is. ! love it dearly and devotedly.'' I can · Mr_ GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the He wants, I think, to ultimately be par- not understand' why anyone ' would vol gentleman yield'? doned. · untarily and intentionally try to aid arid Mr. TUMULTY. I yield. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen.. assist Mr. Hiss. The impression seems Mr. GROSS. · What is the ·subject on tlemari has expired. · . to be .that he has paid his debt. What which he is addressing these eggheads. · "t the Princeton- fam~ !Y. these -speakers nave.. vital-viewpoints to bama.··and South C'a,rolirilf. have a .right lly of the in9id~nt, -whether one a-grees witlJ,· express. If Whig-CUo -invi~ed lliss to spea:k to know when they. are buying Japanese Whig-Clio'.s original judgment or not. here simply for sensationalism, we would t til d ' · · · · .. - J. W ." M. have fo censure them. But since Hiss is a ex e goo s. · .. · - · man with opinions of. great interest on in.: I just wanted to rise here today iri AN' EtiITOJ!.IAL t ernati . ona l a ff a i rs, we cannot l eg itima t e l y defen.se ·of my -State'"' and the State of condemn them. · Alabama for trying to protect .. one o~ Alger Hiss ls a symbol. A major1ty of the more level-headed critics their basic industries. I say again it is So Princeton "has learned from newspapers~ proclaim that they have no objection to absolutely ridiculous for any country~ radio commentators, and the· swelling fiood anything that Hiss may write. (The first under any kind of a trade agreement, to of letters, telegrams, and telephone calls from published statement of his views on the Yal~~ alumni and friends Of the university. We Conference is now on sale at the university import products that are in surp}us there. hear that by \Pei:mltting.Hiss to speak here store.) . It is bis connection with Prince~ I ask Mr. Dulles today if he would insist on April 26, we are condoning a convicteq ton which they deplore. we repeat · that~ on Brazil.importing raw coffee from some perjurer or worse. despite public misinterpretation, Alger 'Hiss other South American country? _Of Princeton is not condoning, defending, .o~ has no connection with Princeton. We are cours_e, he would not. Then, .why should; giving sanction to .the .actions of Alger Hiss. not :a haven fqr soiled. public .figures . .. We are he insist· on the United States of Ameri(1a We are a university, not a supreme court. · t h t We will hear his.views en international affairs =~~~erely interested in w~at he man as o jmporting textiles ·or glassware or some .and weigh them as such. · N·o CONNECTION wrra PRINCETON pf the other things that injure the econ- The nature of the criticism pouring into omy of West Virginia and Pennsylvania the administration has surprised many peo-:- In its .persistent refusal to deprive Whig:- when we have those things in surplus pie. Not only crackpots and emotionalists; Clio of its -responsibility -by overruling the tilready? It i~ just simply ridiculous .. but also responsible and level-headed m.en invitation, the university administ:i:ation has I have raised that point before and the have repeatedly warned us of the potentially shown faith in both its undergraduates an~ 'damaging effect that Hiss' appearance .here its own convictions. If outside sources have State-Department has -not answered it, cbuld have on Prince-ton's reputation. This a distorted opin!on of the Hiss iweecl\, there nor have the membership here Who favor is certainly a conslderatlon. Since President is no.reason why Princeton should succumb hnport~tion of Japanese textile goods~ Dodd's_ statem.ent .has been universally mis• to the pressures of that distortion . .We owe OAT!' and OTC. They do not insist on interpreted by the press and radio, everyon~ e. debt of gratitude to 9ur admintstr.at.ion for India importing tea; they do not insist believes that Princeton, not Whig-Clio, in- its' courage in an ~xpl0sive situatio:Q where · on the Malay States ii;nportlng' raw vited Hiss here to speak. No amount of de.:- any alternative means damage. ~ubber~ ~et they insist on bring_ing Jap• nial will change this prevailing o,pinion. . - Princeton already has the stigma of being anese textile goods into .South Carolina~ Princeton, including faculty · members, ad• powerfully infiuenced by its alumni body~ · · . mini-stratlon, and everyone from the youngest it is true that- we have one of the most where our textile mills have been forced freshman to the oldest alumnus, .is impli,;. loyal and active alum.ni podies in 'the Nation. to ·_ Curtail production throwing many ca.teversial radical. He is a per- ratio. We feel mature enough -to be· able to. a~kmg us to ~mport raw cotton, or maybe jurer. And though many do not state it in ~ar and - judge his views on- their own oil and canned beef into Texas,. Mr~ so many· words, they think he is a traitor. merits. That the man in_question is .a sym,- Speak€r. · : · · · : They declare themselves in favor of free bol of treason to some I?eopJe ls _unfort'l!na.te, . Again, ladies and gentlemen of- the .speech, but announce that Hiss is different. since it calls our sincerity i_nto question_. House, I am in favor of .more ·trade .but The logical extreme of this attitude implies This should not be powerful enough to de~ I disagree wit_h the adlninistration of tha't anyohe with' ·an· unsa:voTy : laackgi-ounu stroy our self-confidence.. ~ ~ . our Reciprocal Trade Act I do think could be classed as "different," and denied Whatever happens now,· tP,ere will be dam- ho ht t · · · · . ' his rights as a citizen. age. If Hiss appears here, many wm feel · · wever, we OU? 0 ~rotect DU! ~asic; Whig-Cllo was .not obligated by any con- that Princeton is def.ending a perjurer at fµnc;ia;me~tal - .md.ustrie§, · particularly .sideration of-free· speech to invite Hiss to least, a traitor at worst. If the bid is re~ those which have products · in surplus. come here. But once the .invitation had beeri tracted, even more will feel that Princeton is Let us have real reeip:rocity by selling:in extended and :accepted, a policy reversal -a university without the courage of her con'- foreign countries our vast· amounts of would imply Princeton•s acceptance of the "Vi.ct-ions. We must choose the lesser of two textiles and by continuing to import such opinion tha't Hiss was indeed diffei-ent. He evils. products as rubber. may be a symbol, but he is still entitled to Now, Mr. Speaker, I want to read some~ his rights. No matter how strong the th· criticism, we must not forsake this ideal, THE MARKING OF IMPORTED mg here which appeared in the Chi- both. .for our personal 1ntegri·ty and for GOODS cag~ :Daily Drovers Journal and was car.: Princeton':s %eputation. ~ ~ r~e~ py _:the Lancaster Livestock Bulletin The SPEAKER. Under previous or- f La t Alger Hiss has 'had many invitations t0 o ncas er, Pa., ·~ the largest cattle f>Peak, throughout the country. He is not at der of the House, the gentleman from !ll~rket _ -e~st of Chicago, where many :of a loss for a place to air his views. Thus far, South Carolina [Mr. DORN] ls recognized my farmers sell their cattle. This ar• .he haa .accepted ~only two of these invita- for 5 minutes. ticle proves .how utte.rly rid,iGulou.s the tions-Whig-C'lio's and Swarthmore's. When Mr. DORN · of South· Carolina. Mr. !l-dministration-0f reciprocal trade is be- the Students for Democratic Action at Speak(}r. I noticed in.the press the other · - · - Swarthmore retracted their bid under the day that the Secretary of State, M~ coming. .Noy; listen to this:. . prompting .of the parent organization, Amer- Dulles,. was a -little bi.t shocked and ex- . Those canned hams from Poland now ap .icans for Democratic Action, another organ- d h' t t J b th pearing in Corn Belt grocery stores represent ization on the P.ennsylvanla campus invited presse is regre 5 0 apan ecause e the height of irony. It is meat snatched Hiss to speak there. But because this was a. State of South Carolina and the State of :away from the Polish people-who love pork group which .caters to unpopular radicals, Alabama had passed· State laws requir.:. 11.nd be~f, but ,.,tr:Ul.St satlsfy :.tllem:se1ves witli .Hiss declined. Qulte 'Obviously he -wishes ing that some of. these ·goods which are -canned fish- instead-and exported to ' the to regain the respectabllity he lost when he being inipo-rted from-Japan to be :labele industry~ the organization does not invite 'spea-k-ers nothing shocking ~bout that. I charge~ ;whlcl:l has beeI_I decre~d tli~ thlµg· to do by 'Unless it feels they wm. draw crowds. Usual- Mr. Speaker, that t,he people of Ala- their Soviet overlords. , 1956 CONGRESSIONAL :RECORD_-HOUSE They want to· get over into industry so · THE FARM PROGRAM wiped out a propos~d $25,000 ceiling o:i;i 'that they can conquer ~he world. .. And The · SPEAKER. Under previous or:- ·price support loans and paym~nts. Here we are helping them to do it. . · der -of the House, the gentleman from again, was the bill in the interest of th~ ~ f arn.ily farm? Certainly not. so Poland deprives its people of the pork .Michigan r~. ~o~J is recognized fqr Obviously for these and other reasons they dearly love and, sends i1; off to pork-ric~ America; where hog raisers are being forced 10 minutes. · · ·l: could not support such a bill-one . to cut production in order to revive a market Mr. KNOX. Mr. Speaker; for the past ·which promised to. do untold harm to the , floundering in the heavy seas of overproduc -3 months we have had the great debate ~farmers of my district. ·tion. In the first 2 months of this year, 34 :on the farm bill. In January President . Let me emphasize, however, that I am percent more canned pork than in the same :Eisenhower made a plea for a strong not rubberstamping everything that 2 months last year came to this country .effective, and workable farm program has been said by leaders of my party. from Poland. February canned-pqrk import.s . that would give farmers an opportunity ·After all, I have actively farmed most of from Poland were 94 percent greater than in ,to profit and prosper with the rest of ·my life . . 1 have a mind of my own; per February a year ago. During al_! _of 195~, , the economy. · - - · sonal convictions born of a lifetime of Poland sent us 13 percent more canned hams The heart of this program was a dy:- ·firsthand farm experience. than during 1954. So it seems evident that :namic forward-lciokirig soil bank which I believe for example that the domes:. the program of exporting park to the Uriited . was the foundation for farm prosperity -tic parity program for wheat and rice States is being s~epp.ed up by Poland. · . not only for this. year but for years to ·should be approved. It was in the farm I want to emphasize again, Mr. Speak,. , come. It was designed to help all farm- ·bill but opposed by the administration. er, Communist Poland. Attention, M:r. . ers~airymen, beef raisers, fruit grow- :I believe too that the present d·airy pro:. Dulles, under your reciprocal trade, now . ers, as well as growers of cotton, wheat, ·gram has not been nearly as successful you want· the Iowa pork farmer to buy ·rice, peanuts, corn, and tobacco. What as it should be. I believe dairy farmers Communist hams. · · · 'happened to that bill? It was brutally 'should be given an opportunity to· vote . mutilated by the House and Senate · t · n · derst·a~d Poland's desire to tm- on a wo-pr1ce program-a ew ap:- We Can Un - . spokesmen for the owners of cotton plan- h t k ble ffect·ve peaceti·me Prove its ·econ.omic status. But we join proac o a war a , e i . American hog raisers in deploring its efforts . tations, big wheat ranches, peanut plan- . d airy· program. I · am worki'ng wi'th my to do it at the expense of the domestic swine : tations, huge rice plantations, and the · :i.nenc • d s f rom oth er d airy· sta tes· on such. industry, which is already wallowing in , commercial corngrowers in the· Corn . a program. trouble. The last thing the hog business Belt. . In the meantime, ·however-, I am re here needs ts a flood of foreign pork to con·- The family farmer of Michigan and · lieved that President Eisenhower had th'e tribute further to its depression. · other northern livestock States has not wisdom to recognize that the farm bill forgotten-not at· all. He was promise·d was designed to do great damage to the I agree with the sentiment expressed ·a modest milk price increase until after . livestock farmers of our district and in this article from Chicago. I sympa- election. Then the architects of the Am.erica. I am pleased that he boosted thize with the farmers of Iowa and Illi- -farm bill carefully set the stage for the · dairy price supports to · approximately nois and the pork-producing, ~idwest, · roof to fall in. This planned sabotage · 85 percent of parit'y. Now it is up to too also my distinguished colleagues · CM:r. · of the livestock farmer has not been . congress to buckle down a~d pass a good . CUNNINGHAM and Mr. GRossJ, who are · widely publicized, but the record is there. · soil-bank _bill with ,safeguards against against this program and are trying to President Eisenhower tackled the farm the dumping of diverted acres. · help the farmer. Secretary Dulles and · problem at its source. He asked to re- bur family farmer expects House and you Members who favor this kind of re- · store fertility in the soil and not deplete ·Senate leadership to ·serve them as cit~ ciprocal trade are ruining. the cotton it to produce more surpluses. To make zens-entitled to the same consideration farmer.s of south Carolina, Mississippi, · certain that cotton. corn, and wheat they have previously expressed to the Texas, California, Tennessee, and other ·_ acres would not be planted to grass---only - big plantati-0n and· ranch owners. T:q.e cotton-producing states. Do not forget to produce more milk and beef-he asked President has demo~trated his _fairness. when we are forced to import ·Japane~e that these soil-bank acres not be grazed. · Now it is up to the opposition to rise 1;9 textiles the American textile industry But the Congress majority nullified that . the same level of statesmanship. · · · · safeguard. The farm bill would have uses 76 percent of the cotton grown in . permitted the grazing. Thirty- to forty the United States. · · million acres· would have been released to THE REVEREND F.ATHER DOMINIC Mr. Speaker, I. am in favor of trade. pro~uce _milk and pe~f. This is an area . . J. DEL MONTE I refute the~e reciprocal traders who say .- equal to the State· of Iowa in size. Dairy- The SPEAKER." Under ·previous or- we are against trade. · The world has . men would have been buried under der of the House the gentleman from had trade ever since th& Ro:mau-..days , ~ountains - o-f..~uses which could have · New Jersey [Mr.'·siEMINSKI] is recog- and before, but we have never had a11y · wrecked the dairy farming business. . nized·for 10 minutes. · , · such trade as is being forced upon this : The original farm bill approved by the Mr. SIEMINSKI. ·Mr. Speaker, I had country today. Under Mr. Dulles' free- !, Senate would have helped dairy farming · intended originally to rise and pay my trade program we have to take Commli- · through· a new method of calculating respects, and very sincere respects, to 'a nist hams from Poland where ham and - parity. It was a good provision. It pro- very distinguished constituent of mine pork is needed so badly and injure the vided permanent benefits. But what did · of Bayonne, N. J .• who has been very farmers of this country. We have to · the conferees do? They wiped it out and kind ta me and whose parishioners have take textiles °from Japan and injure the tossed a bone of 10 cents per hundred- · been most kind to my political fortunes. cotton farmers and textile workers of weight-but only until after election. I had intended to pay a eulogy. at·this this country. The state Department Then beginning April 1 next year, prices time to the Reverend Father Dominic~· should be helping the textile people a11d · would ~rop at least 20 cen~ per hu~- Del Monte, citizen, as well as pa~tor, and cotton farmers of South Carolina and ', dr~dwe1ght. Eyentually prices could . a -member .of the Roman Catholic clergy, · Alabama to find markets for their cot- · skid to an all-time low. But then_ the the archd10cese of Newark . . But when ton and textiles abroad. These farmers ~ votes they thou~ht about 'Yould be m.. ·. I came on ·the fioor of the House and I . . · · · . .Those of us mterested m the family . heard the name of·my alma. mater taken, and te~~Ile V:' 0~kers, Mr. Dull~s, h~ve · farmer voted tor a limit on how much : Princeto Ii. UniVersity,. I am '.afraid I had been reciproc~~mg for ~ears by buynig ' price support.money could be paid to big : to ·throw my eulogy .into .neutral gear coffee, cocoa, silk, tea, tm, rubber, nuts, ~ producers. Let me give you some bac~- . for th,e. moment. So I sha}l a~k unan,i an~ ,~any othe; pro~ucts fr_om abro~.d . . ground. One wheat farmer has drawn a ; mous consent ~t tpis tiµie, Mr. Speaker, It IS t~me_ for th~s Congress to-r~a~~ert i~s - check for ·$1,300,000. Sixty-two bigtime to exte:r_id my _remarks on this: subject at const1tutu~nal r1gl)tto reg1;1Iat_e tariff and farzners received more thail $100,000 the proper point. in the RECORD. Such foreign traqe. ~tis the d_ut~ C!f-C~gre~s : · trom the Government on -their 1954 ' point being, if time allows, at the end to protect our .own patriotic American ! crops. A rice grower received $486,0QO. ' of my remarks on Princeton. University. · people from foreign textiles, "dp-mmunfat : Are these the-men, the so-~alled farmei:s, · The SPEAKER. . Is there objection to . hams, Arg~ntine beef. foreign chernicals~ ! our support program is Nassau Hall, when they the years, the Poles have been fianked think and interpret things for them burned the area around Princeton as it by difficult neighbors. But you do not selves, using what talents God gave them was burned here later in the Capital by see the Poles crying about anything any in the best light possible, and only as men who, had they had their way, would more than you do the Irish. They are they saw the light, and to have the man have strung us up-I say, no man worthy willing to stand up and fight for what liness to take their medicine in any mis of the name is going to run from any they want if they feel it is right. takes made therefrom. charge of treason or any catcalls any Let us get back to this one issue. I My beloved colleague, the gentleman more than Christ did, and remember have said what I have to say about the from New Jersey [Mr. TuMuLTY], has Princeton was founded by men of the background of Princeton, about the referred to the distinguished role that cloth; they knew the lesson of Christ and "Tigers" being often on the one-yard Princeton has played in the history of its inspiration, and that of the apostles line, short of a touchback, about their this Nation. A commemorative stamp and their inspiration. Sinners, the being able to retrieve a seemingly hope will be issued honoring Nassau Hall's apostles were forgiven and forgave. A less situation and scoring-I have talked 200th anniversary, next September, by second chance is the root of Christen about Princeton and the boys down there the Post Office Department. dom; is it not? who decided to come to Princeton be As Mr. TUMULTY has related, the I say this: If 165 million Americans cause at Princeton they could dare to First Continental Congress, if memory of were against a Princeton man, who in think and act for themselves. If they my history is correct, was held at Prince his heart felt that he was right, those did not think they could, they would not ton. In every war-as their names, Americans would not frighten that be there. They are going to make that chiseled on the 4 sides of the marble Princeton man, because, though he loves decision tomorrow, and what I say here walls of the Hall of Remembrance, lo life, he loves more the eternal, and he will not influence them one iota. cated just outside the board of trustees' would not flinch. Johnny Page did They know their own minds. I am sure room reveals-Princeton men have given not. If I know the Princeton spirit, the if I know the Princeton spirit that what their lives for this Nation, just as stu board of directors tomorrow and the they are going to do tomorrow at the dents and other young men have all over student body are not going to flinch if meeting of th~ board of trustees, or what this country in and out of universities they think that by cutting into the chest is going to happen in off-campus debate given their lives. For what? of what slaughtered Americans abroad, if the board of trustees turns them This is a great country. We have a what slaughtered them in Korea, and down-and, incidentally, there was no great flag. It is a great freedom that we what might yet slaughter them tomor boxing team allowed at Princeton when enjoy, enjoy at the price of lives given row, they can yet, while he lives, find out I was first there. It was against the and blood spilled. from Hiss how that blood, in his view, can rules of the university to engage in box be stopped. Power to them. I hope that ing bouts, but, in 1932, competitive The American Legion was founded by the board of trustees of Princeton tomor a Princeton man in Paris just around row, and its governor, the Governor of boxing was allowed. I know. On De the end of the First World War. It New Jersey, can conclude that Mr. Hiss' cember 19, 1931, undP.r the name of might seem a bit immodest to roll off presence at Princeton can slash the Al Simmins, in my junior year, I fought some of the accomplishments of Prince chest of the past on international affairs two off-campus fights in one night ton's sons and I do not want to impose and give us a post mortem worthy of at the Newark Athletic Club and upon the good graces of this House to thought. won a gold watch. Those were great do that. Currently, before the Senate, As my name indicates, I am of Polish days. I was never in the ring before. there is a bill asking the Senate to award, fore bears. My wife lost everything in Princeton allowed its students to think shall I say, a Medal of Honor, to Col. World War II, as wives of Members of and act on their own. With all modesty, John Page, building up the 12 incred this House, those who have spoken .with I trust, I was the ·first, I am told, presi ible days in combat of this distinguished her, might know. She was in Warsaw dent of any officially sanctioned boxing son of Princeton in the Korean war. in 1939 when both the bombs of Hitler club organized on the university campus. 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE 6699 Yet, the rule on this said, "Thou shalt was not convicted for subversion or trea wins the Democratic · nomination. If not." But. we did-only because the son. He was convicted because the th·at is the case, l~t us know . it right desire was healthy and strong enough. court said he lied. That is one thing. now. Whether Hiss is given permission Again, I salute the position of the And he lied about activities in a period to talk tomorrow or Monday or on the president, the professors and the spirit before World War II. You cannot get 28th does not matter. The damage is of the Princeton student council in al me to say that I was not grateful that done. On the other hand, if the Demo lowing to take place an honest inspira the Russian soldiers slaughtered the crats want to fight back, they can say, tion to learn more· about world affairs enemy of the United States. No, no, "Maybe the Republicans would not want and not to kill it. no, no. That happened between 1942 this talk of Hiss to happen." Why? There is a show in New York today and 1945. I would not say that I did How different was Geneva from Yalta? called The Lark. Joan of Arc was once not want Russian bullets to kill the In both instances officials of the United tried and burned as a traitor~ Today, enemy of the United States from 1942 States Government sat around the table she is a saint and a martyr. Many peo to 1945. Nor likewise do I say I am for with Communists. But the difference is ple who have seen The Lark want to what they stood for in the Kremlin that at Yalta things were reduced to reach out as I did, I am sure, on that no, no. It was the perfidy of Stalin after writing. There was not any talk of stage before she is burned and say, Yalta that turned the trick against us. spirit. rt was, that if such and such "Stop, fools, stop." The British were Like Christians in good faith, we laid it things happen, such and such things in on that Joan of Arc deal, too. But on the line-we put it in black and white, will be done. Contracts were written at there ·was no Bill of Rights then. And and the wa:y we talk today you would Yalta. There were secret agreements; hindsight is always 20-20 anyway, as think it was the United States who was perfidy set in; but at Geneva you had someone said. Today, Joan of Arc is a the doublecrosser at Yalta. There were the same thing you had at Yalta. The saint. But the moment and the times situations. The Russians had the battle chiefs of America sat around the table and the opinion was such then that she fields. Their men were in the possession with the Reds. But how have we bal· was considered a heretic-"Burn her" of territories. So we asked them to anced out? Now, since Geneva, in· but you do not say that today. Today, honor certain sacred commitments, and stead of the West going to the Soviet· she is respected. You just wonder how the records show that perfidy in peace dominated territories as it did at Yalta, the spirit of Christ could ever have been came from Stalin and his Kremlin gang. you have two men from the Kremlin in so perverted at that time that men would Why brand our country as liars and London tonight. Maybe they can come dare lay that kind of a hand on mortal blackguards? Why must we say Amer clean. Maybe the Bible will wnrk for us, man. That to me is the lesson of ica was guilty? Remember, once we if we let it. Maybe the people of Russia Christ's crucifixion. I say before you were hemmed in on the Atlantic and the can get finally what they have hoped for, lay a hand on another mortal, or his Pacific. They say we gave Poland away. and certainly through the sacrifices of mind, you had better be careful because They say we gave China away. No; war, deserve to hope for, a better today you may yet have to be the judge of we were here, not there. We fought and a better tomorrow. your own act and, like Judas, dash your back. We landed on Normandy. We Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent 30 pieces of silver to the ground and walk landed in Japan. We broke the chains to revise and extend my remarks. the plank. in which we were encased on our own · The SPEAKER. Is there objection? The SPEAKER. The time of the gen shores. Let us not, as Christians, say There was no objection. tleman has expired. that we are afraid to let Hiss come on l\4r. SIEMINSKI. I yield to my be· Mr. SIEMINSKI. Mr. Speaker~ I ask the campus. Are we, in this, !il{e Christ? loved colleague, Mr. TUMULTY, who has unanimous consent to proceed for an No; He was not that way. He was not fought this battle to the fullest, and I additional 5 minutes. afraid. Why should we be afraid of wish I could agree with him and he The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Hiss? Why can we not let him talk and knows that I wish I could. But I don't the request of the gentleman from New then have the television and the press and with all my heart, I cannot. Jersey? and the radio pick him apart? Let us Mr. TUMULTY. The only thing I am -There was no objection. give Hiss the chance to plunge the knife, interested in at this point is my under Mr. SIEMINSKI. And so, again, as I said at the start, into the chest of standing, and I wish you would clarify Christendom might have been different world affairs. If he, like we, is inter it for me. I gathered when you spoke of · if perhaps they had allowed Martin ested in a post mortem, and, if he is the Joan of Arc and her ultimate sainthood, .1 __ Luther to lay his protestations at the idealist and the Quaker that we are told you are not suggesting that Hiss would Vatican door and act on them instead that he was, and might still be, that he ultimately be a saint. of letting him nail them on some church fell in love with an ideal, and was con Mr. SIEMINSKI. I am not a de door, and then have him go back to sumed by it, if Hiss is ever to have that bater. The gentleman has humbled found another movement in Christen second chance, let it be said that no one teams from Oxford and Cambridge in dom. in America · was afraid to let · that man debate. He is a very astute and bril If that and many other things had speak on a college campus; and, under liant man. I do not intend to tangle been allowed to be said about God and the principles for which we stand in this with him. He knows that by referring to His will, this great globe of ours might Republic-let him have a chance to tell the record, as I shall leave my remarks. today be united in joint and fervent faith us, if he can. how we can, in honor, stop any and all implications are clear. Joan for the good of mankind while it strove bloodshed. How we can, in honor, avoid of Arc-I saw the play. I felt as if I could to prepare itself for the disclosure of His depressions, and how we can, in honor, reach down and grab those clergymen endless mysteries. Certainly, it must be avoid the exploitations of man against and say "Let us apply the things we painful to the Lord; as it is to His people man, now and for all time. have learned from the crucifixion of here, to behold these fierce schisms that If those are the principles that Hiss Christ. Why can't you take His spirit have rent man against man through fell in love with, if those are the prin and let that girl live?" But they did time in every activity of life all over the ciples he wanted mankind to talk about not. Today I know she is a saint. As world. · just as the President of the United you see that play, you would wish that . We have got to unite under God, too, States did irr his speech, printed in the they had a foresight as sharply developed in that belief in Him. But. let us not newspaper yesterday, about placing the as is our hindsight today. But centuries tremble as did the crusaders for .the individual first, then let us give him a separated the stage from where I sat in mere sake of getting hold of some parcel chance·. In that one sense I want to the box when I saw the play. of distant land if it means the loss of revise these remarks so that they are The SPEAKER The time of the millions of lives needlessly. The spirit not slanted as favoring any one man but gentleman from New Jersey has again of God must first be within us. Let us as favoring a principle. We here are expired. be. careful. I say that to me the lesson sworn to uphold the law. Hiss served · Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask un of Christendom is. that you shall not his time. He is a free man. If there is animous consent to proceed for 5 crucify. How can we dare to lay hands something wrong with the law, change minutes. not on just a body, that is one thing, it. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? but, on the spirit of man, that is an · What are the implications behind this There was no objection. other thing. And, as the Hudson Dis invitation? Maybe it is to embarrass Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman patch in my own district said, Mr. Hiss Adlai Stevenson, a Princeton man, if he from New Jersey [Mr. TuMULTY]. 6700 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 19 Mr. TUMULTY. Mr. Speaker, I do not wear a halo is incredible; a halo of flame Mr. 'DORN of South Carolina, for 5 like to get into an argument with my col where he is going if he does not repent. minutes today. league. You know, as he suggested, the Mr. GROSS. As .did Benedict Arnold. Mr. CHUDOFF, for 15 minutes on Thurs Irish do not run away from a fight. As Mr. TUMULTY. Yes. I am beginning day, April 26. far as I could gather, and I hope I am to reconsider Benedict Arnold. He be Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey (at the incorrect, the parallel that he drew be trayed us to the ·British. God for bid request of Mr. METCALF), for 30 minutes tween this play, The Lark, that he saw that anybody should have been betrayed (!n Tuesday, April 24, 1956. and the various incidents in church his to them, but at least the British had Mr. KNox, for 10 minutes today, fol· tory to which he alluded could only make some concept of honor even if it is Eng lowing any other special orders. sense if. it related to Hiss. I gathered lish, and some concept of religion. Mr. SIEMINSKI, for 10 minutes today. the impression that he thought if we let Arnold did not betray us to an atheistic Mr. Hiss go around to all the univer government such as communism. sities and talk and advance the cause of Are we to turn such men loose after EXTENSION OF REMARKS Soviet conspiracy, that; ultimately Hiss they have served their prison terms? By unanimous consent, permission to might reach sainthood some day. I can Is it to be treated no more seriously extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL understand his defending his alma than switching from one brand of whisky RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks, mater, and I think he should. I think it to another? Should we honor the man was granted to: is about time some Princeton man spoke we should excoriate? He would not last Mrs. KEE. up, but I point out that Hiss wotJld bring 5 minutes in Soviet Russia. Mr. BARRETT EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
Hon. Horace Seely-Brown, Jr., Tells Hi-Y of honor at a dinner which marked the faced by the duly elected executive and close of a 2-day session of the general legislative officers of our State government. Youth Legislators More Politicians I trust that you have passed all the bills assembly of the Hi-Y youth in govern that needed to be "passed," and perhaps Mean Better Government ment project. There were about 175 repealed a few acts that needed repealing. young men present, all juniors and At any rate when you finished, it was un EXTENSION OF REMARKS seniors in high school, who had been necessary for the Secretary of State to OF elected by their Hi-Y Clubs at the Young proclaim, "God save the State of Connect Men's Christian Associations in their icut." I wonder if any of you are already HON.ANTONIN.SADLAK home communities, to serve as senators making plans for calling a Epecial session. I have been pleased to examine the OF CONNECTICUT or as representatives in the youth gen Handbook of Instructions so carefully pre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . eral assembly. They performed all of the steps involved in carrying into effect pared by the Youth and Government Com Thursday, April 19, 1956 mittee of the Connecticut State YMCA. I a law of the State of Connecticut. congratulate those who worked in its prep;. Mr. SADLAK. Mr. Speaker, I have As always, my colleague was brief in aration. This manual could well serve as asked for unanimous consent to extend his remarks, but the advice which he an effective "do it yourself" manual for your my remarks, and wish to do so by insert gave to the youth legislators and the prototypes, the elected Senators and Repre ing in the RECORD an address which was other guests present was so well thought sentatives, especially those coming to Hart delivered during the recent recess of the out, and it is of so much interest, not 'ford for their first term of service in the General Assembly. ' Congress by my colleague from Connecti only to parents, but to all citizens of all I have not yet received any specific re cut, the Representative of the Second ages, that I am inserting at this point port as to the "laws" which you have en Congressional District, and as such my in the RECORD the text of his address: acted during this session of the Youth and own Congressman, the Honorable HOR HON. HORACE SEELY-BROWN, JR., TELLS HI-Y Government Assembly. I am sure there are ACE SEELY-BROWN, JR. YOUTH LEGISLATORS MORE POLITICIANS MEAN many which rightly can be counted as an The Members of this House know that BE.'TTER GOVERNMENT index to your alert civic responsibility and Mr. SEELY-BROWN does not take up much Mr. Chairman, I consider it an honor and sound thinking. of the time of the House with speeches, a privilege to be given the opportunity of I would not be at all surprised, nor would but when he does speak, we have ob sharing in this program with you. The in I blame you, if there were no bills passed served that invariably it is briefly and vitation so graciously ·tendered by your under the general entitlement of "juvenile deli~quency . " I am sure that many of you to the point, and his remarks always chairman to address this closing session of the Youth General Assembly was one which are sick of the term and for much of the loose are a cogent contribution to the busi I was pleased indeed at being able to accept. talk for which this term must serve as a label. ness before the House. During these past 2 days, you as members I prqpiise. not to belabor ~he point, but it The address which I am about to place of the Youth and Government Assembly does seem to me that even those of us who in the RECORD was delivered at the Hotel have completed an arduous program. I am are adults have become quite confused Bond, in Hartford, Conn., where Mr. sure that in your ''stand in" capacity you about juvenile delinquency, including alike SEELY-BROWN was asked to· be the guest have had a real look at some of the problems what it is, and what to do about it.