Gaya District, Bihar State
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भूजल सूचना पुस्तिका गया स्जला, बिहार Ground Water Information Booklet Gaya District, Bihar State के न्द्रीय भमू िजल बो셍 ड Central Ground water Board Ministry of Water Resources जल संसाधन िंत्रालय (Govt. of India) (भारि सरकार) Mid-Eastern Region म鵍य-पर्वू ी क्षेत्र Patna पटना ससिंिर 2013 September 2013 Prepared By:- D.G.Dastidar, Scientist ‘C’ GAYA DISTRICT AT A GLANCE Sl. Statistics No. 1. GENERAL INFORMATION I Geographical Area (Sq. Km.) 4976 II Administrative Divisions 4 No. of Panchayats/Villages 332/2860 Number of Tehsil/Block 24 III Population (As per 2011 Census) 4379383 IV Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 1086 2 GEOMORPHOLOGY Major Physiographic Units 1. Unconsolidated sand and weathered and fractured Major Drainages Falgu, Morhar, Dardha, Paimar 3 LAND USE a) Forest Area 778.36 b) Net Area Sown 1705.22 c) Total Cropped Area 2037.13 sq. km 4 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Alfisol, Entisols. 5 PRINCIPAL CROPS 6 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (Area in hectares) Dugwells Tubewells/Borewells (STW) 1,20,000 Tanks/ponds Canals 5000 Other Sources 1000 Net Irrigated Area 1,26,000 Gross Irrigated Area 1,64,000 7 NUMBER OF GROUND WATER MONITERING WELLS OF CGWB (2011) No. of Dugwells 10 No. of Piezometers Nil 8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL 1.Granitic Gneiss FORMATIONS 2.Alluvium. 9 HYDROGEOLOGY Major water bearing formations 1.Weathered & Fractured Granite 2. Alluvium Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during 2011 6 - 15 m bgl Post-monsoon Depth to water level during 2011 1.55 – 5.78 m bgl Long term water level trend in last 10 yrs(2002 – No significant decline 2011) in m/yr 10 GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB (As on 31-03-2013) No. of well drilled (EW,OW, PZ, SH, Total) EW=11, OW=9 Depth Range (m) 31.18– 150.48 m bgl Discharge (lps) 2.6-35.67 Storativity (s) 1.2x10-3 to 1.4x10-5 Transmissitivity (m2/day) 126– 168 11 GROUND WATER QUALITY Presence of Chemical constituents more than the F permissible limit (e.g.EC, F, As) Type of Water Potable 12 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (as on 31st March 2009) In ha m. Annual Replenishible Ground Water Resources 1046.34 Net Annual Ground Water Draft 506.64 Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial 123.9 Uses up to 2025 Stage of Ground Water Development 48.4% 13 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY - Mass Awareness Programmes organized 01 Date: 23/5/05, participants-230 Place: Gaya town hall Water Management Training Programmes 01 Date 24/3/11 Place Magadh University No. of Participants 60 14 GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION No. of OE Blocks Nil No. of Critical Blocks Nil No. of Blocks Notified Nil 15 MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND High Fluoride (F) reported at ISSUES places Note: Latest available data may be incorporated CONTENTS DISTRICT AT A GLANCE. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Location, Area and Administrative Details 1.2 Basin/Sub-Basin and Drainage 1.3 Agriculture and Irrigation Practices 1.4 Studies/Activities carried by CGWB 2. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL 3. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL 3.1 Geomorphology 3.2 Soil 4. GROUND WATER SCENARIO 4.1 Water Bearing Formations 4.2 Depth to Water Level 4.3 Ground Water Quality 4.4 Ground Water Resources 4.5 Status of ground water development 5. GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 5.1 Ground Water Development 5.2 Water Conservation and Artificial Recharge: 6. GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS: 7. MASS AWARENESS AND TRAINING PROGRAMME: 8. AREA NOTIFIED BY CENTRAL GROUND WATER AUTHORITY/ STATE GROUND WATER AUTHORITY 9. RECOMMENDATION LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Location of Exploratory wells Table 2 Major Chemical parameters of ground water samples of HNS collected during Pre-Monsoon 2011 in Bihar State Table 3 Ground Water Resource of the district as on 31st March 2009 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Administrative map of Gaya district, Bihar with block boundaries road (rail) networks Figure 2 Hydrogeological map of Gaya district, Bihar Figure 3 Pre- monsoon depth to water level map of Gaya district, Bihar. Figure 4 Post- monsoon depth to water level map of Gaya district, Bihar. Figure 5 Blockwise Dynamic Ground Water (GW) Resource of Gaya district 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Administrative Details Gaya district spreading over an area of 4976 sq.km (Figure-1) lies between North latitudes 24°30´: 25° 06´ 00´´ and East longitudes 84° 24´ 00´´ : 85° 30´ 00´´ with its headquarter at Gaya The district is divided into 4 sub-divisions - Tekari ,Gaya sadar, Neem Chak Bathani, Sherghati and 24 administrative blocks namely i) Konch ii) Tikari iii) Belaganj iv) Khizarsarai v) Neem Chak Bathani vi) Muhra vii) Atri viii) Manpur ix) Gaya x) Paraiya xi) Guraru xii) Gurua xiii) Amas xiv) Banke bazaar xv) Imamganj xvi) Dumaria xvii) Sherghati xviii) Dobhi xix) Bodh Gaya xx) Tan Kuppa xxi) Wazirganj xxii) Fatehpur xxiii) Mohanpur xxiv) Barachatti. The district is bounded in the north by Arwal, Jahanabad and Nalanda districts, in the east by Nawada and west by Aurangabad district. The southern part is bounded by Jharkhand state. The total population of Gaya district as per the 2011 census is 4379383 persons with urban population of 575495 persons and the rural population of 3803888 persons. Fig 1. Administrative Map of the district 1.2 Basin/Sub-Basin and Drainage The district falls under Punpun sub-basin of the Ganga basin. The drainage network in the district is represented by four parallel streams, the Morhar, the Phalgu, the Paimar and the Dhadhar all emanating from the southern plateau and flowing north and northeasterly. The river Phalgu flows from south to north through the area. It is formed by the union of two streams namely Lilajan and Mohana. Lilajan and Mohana are two large hilly streams originating in Hazaribagh Plateau. The width of the Phalgu at the junction of these two streams is about 274 m. These two united streams named as river Phalgu flows northwardly and pass by the town of Gaya where it its width is nearly 825 m. The streams, Lilajan and Mohana bring in high floodwater during the peak rainy season. Otherwise they flow as tiny rivulets meandering through wide sandy beds. 1.3Agriculture and Irrigation Practices Urban and rural areas mainly depend on Socio-economic and Socio-cultural factors. The salient features of land use pattern in the district (2008-09) are given below:- Area under forest: 77836 hectares Barren & uncultivable land: 27541 hectares Land put to non-agril use: 72923 hectares Barren Unculturable Area: 27541 hectares Permanent pastures: 2098 hectares Other fallow land: 11463 hectares Current fallow: 124267 hectares Net sown area: 170522 hectares Gross cropped area; 203713 hectares Area sown more than once: 27677 hectares Net area irrigated: 126000 hectares Gross Irrigated area; 164000 hectares Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Bihar Agricultural activity in the area is by and large confined to the traditional kharif cultivation depending primarily on monsoon rainfall and rabi cultivation in localized patches where irrigation facilities are available. The major kharif crops grown are paddy, maize while among the rabi crops wheat, pulses and mustard are important. As per available statistics, out of the gross cropped area of 203713 hectares, 164000 hectares are irrigated by different sources of irrigation e.g. tubewells, dugwells, tanks, rivers and age old ahar-pyne system. 1.4 Studies/Activities carried out by CGWB Central Ground Water Board has carried out hydrogeological surveys and ground water exploration in the district. Ground water regime monitoring is carried out 4 times annually from 15 HNS wells in the district. Water samples are collected during the month of May to study the changes in water quality along with monitoring of pre-monsoon water level. Mass awareness and training programmes were organized in the district. 2.0 Climate and rainfall The area experiences a continental monsoon type of climate owing to its great distance from the sea. The climate is extreme and comprises three broad seasons-the summer, the monsoon and the winter. The summer months from the middle of March to May are characterized by hot blasts of westerly winds commonly known as ‘loo’. The peak of summer is in May when mercury shoots to 460C. The cold spell starts from December and continues till end of February. During this period the mercury drops down to as low as 40C. The monsoon sets in the end of June. The months of July and August receive the maximum rainfall when average maximum rainfall of 338.4 and 231.3 mm is recorded. The annual normal rainfall of the district (1901-1970) is 1086 mm. As per available rainfall data, the district of Gaya received annual rainfall between 568.5 mm and 1109 mm over a period of 2004 to 2009. 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES Geomorphologically, the district can be classified into four distinct geomorphic units namely a) rocky upland b) plateau and the pediplain c) high level marginal alluvial terrace (Dobhi- Gaya terrace) and d) Sone-Ganga plain. While the upland, plateau and the pediplain constitute the erosional landscape, the depositional landscape is potrayed by Dobhi-Gaya stretch of the terrace and the Sone-Ganga plain. Rocky upland: the southern hill tracts along the border of the district, the extension of the Rajgir hills on the northeast and the hills around Gaya constitute this unit. These hills are outcrops of Chotanagpur Plateau and stand as inliers. The Gaya town is surrounded by Ramshila hill (218 m height) on northern side, Katari hill (having 130 m height) towards west, and Brahma-yoni hill on the southern side (266 m height).