Foundation Board Elwin Dunn-Board Chair The Community and Its Prophets Greg Sillock Keith Colburn larry Downing Diana Fisher Edmund Jones John Mclarty eremiah was unruly; he was always in he saw women treated unjustly in the name of Chuck Mitchell Randy Roberts trouble or making trouble. H is relatives a flawed doctrine of ordination, he was not si- Nate Schilt tried to kill him (Jeremiah 11). Other lent. He did what prophets do: He challenged Eldon Stratton James Stirling prophets accused him of false prophecy the status quo. He rocked the boat. ErvTalyor (Jer 28). A coalition of prophets and Are prophets always right? No. In the days Eugene Platt-Treasurer JohnVogt priests called for his execution. He was of Jeremiah prophets said all kinds of things. James Walters rescued only because of the interven- They contradicted each other. Only the pas- Kit Watts tion of a nobleman named Ahikam (Jer sage of time revealed which declarations were Raymond F. Cottrell 26). He advised surrender to the Babylonians. Endowment Board actually congruent with truth. In the early Douglass Ewing-Boord Choir During the reign of King Zechariah he was church all kinds of books circulated claiming James Walters- Treasurer falsely charged with treason and desertion and to give "the truth" about Jesus. Only the pass- Ron Cafferky Merlyn Duerksen thrown into a cistern with a mucky bottom ing of time has led to nearly universal Richard Guth where he would have died except for the inter- agreement on the canonical books included in Nate Schilt ErvTaylor vention of an Ethiopian (Jer 38). To cap it all our New Testament. Prophets are not infal- John Vogt off, Jeremiah had serious disagreements with lible, and one of their jobs is to remind the Advisory (ouncil God. He tried to quit his prophetic work (Jer church that it is not infallible either. The Ken and Diana Bauer 20). On occasion God scolded him (Jer 12). Robert and Kelli Black church tests prophets over time. But it is the Gary and Jeanne Bogle Jeremiah was not the only "unruly" prophet. visions of the prophets that move the church Antonius and Lilia Brandon Jonah had to be shanghaied by God before he forward. Todd and Ginny Burley John and Charlotte Cassell carried out his mission to Nineveh. Ruth L.Christensen Amos preached withering messages Keith and Judy Colburn Are prophets always Ronald and Patricia Cople against the greed and cruelty of the rul- James and Kathryn Dexter ing class. Nathan delivered a divine right? No. In the days of Merlyn and Rosemary Duerksen James Dunn verdict against King David. Daniel pro- Jeremiah prophets said all H.O.Engen nounced God's judgment on Belshazzar Douglass and Patricia EWing Jack and Elsie Facundus and the nation of Babylon. kinds of things. Gary and Sharon Fraser Unruliness is not proof someone is a Gary and Annette Frykman Brent and Karen Gardner prophet. Being obnoxious or pugnacious is not The articles in this issue on sexual miscon- Richard and Kathi Guth proof of saintliness or wisdom. But we can P.Edgar and Patricia Hare duct by clergy are another form of prophetic lyndon and Linda Harder hardly expect someone to fill the prophetic utterance. The authors raise issues that I would Jim and Jackie Henneberg calling without rocking the boat. Dennis and Jolene Hilliard rather not discuss. None of us who are clergy Russell and Sally Hoenes In this issue we remember Raymond Forrest want to admit the terrible truth that some of us Wayne and Susan Jacobsen Cottrell. My personal acquaintance with him John and Judy Jacobson are predators. But these voices will not allow Donald and Virginia Jeffries was meager, but as I have listened to those us to continue to pretend that all is well. Brian and Erika Johnson who knew him well, I have been struck by his Elton and Marga Kerr Not every accusation of abuse is valid. Not Dean and Dolores Kinsey prophetic function. Cottrell was thoroughly every scholarly protest against our historic in- Frank and Helen Knittel committed to this community. In his local Irvin and Doreen Kuhn terpretations of Scripture is valid. It would not Yunglau church he was active in humanitarian labor. be a good idea to turn control of the church Berryl and Ralph long way He taught a Sabbath School class. He led ef- Felix lorenz over to prophets. Their stridency and absolute Ken and Florence lorenz fective evangelistic programs at La Sierra self-assurance would be destructive in posi- Adele and James Nelson University and at . But in T.Clint and Elaine Nelson tions of significant political power. But if we David T.Person, II his scholarship, Cottrell was also characterized silence our prophets, or drive them into exile, Eugene Platt by the unruliness of a prophet. Thaine Price we will gravely impoverish our community. Gary and Ruthe.Marina Raines When he became convinced that our tradi- We will have stifled the present voice of the Judith Rausch tional interpretation of Daniel 8 Phil and Joyce Reisweig Spirit. We will have crippled our Gordon and Judy Rick could not be supported by future. James and Maryan Stirling sound methods of , he Ervin and Marilynn Taylor "Do not restrain the Holy worked to change our interpre- Spirit; do not despise inspired tation. When he found logical messages. Put all things to the and theological holes in our test: keep what is good and official stance on the origin of avoid every kind of evil." life he had to speak up. When 1 Thessalonians 5:19-21. 21 adventist today I volume 11 issue-~---- 1 PAGE 6 : A Historical Biography By Douglas Hackleman

PAGE 10 Raymond Cottrell: A Tribute By Jim Walters

PAGE 12 Daniel 8: Let's Not Lose Our Nerve By PAGE 22 Huston, We Have a Problem: PAGE 14 Huston Smith Responds to Questions Is It Possible? Eliminating Sexual on Science and Religion Misconduct in Adventist Churches and Schools By John Testerman By Renee Drumm

PAGElS Pastor, Professor, Predator By Cheryl Cooney

PAGE 20 Sexual Abuse and False Accusations PAGE 24 By Evaline West Medicine and Prayer in New Guinea: A Mission Report PAGE 21 By Richard Worley Walking Signboards By Lawrence Downing adventist today Publisher I Elwin Dunn Managing Editor I Diana Fisher Editorial Advisor I Steve Daily Editor I John McLarty Assistant Editor I James H. Stirling Office Manager I Hanan Sadek Executive Editor I Ervin Taylor adventist today reports on contemporary issues of importance to Adventist church members. Following basic principles of ethics and canons of journal- ism, this publication strives for fairness, candor and good taste. Unsolicited submissions are encouraged. Payment is competitive. Send a self-addressed, stamped envelope for writer's guidelines. Annual subscriptions $29.50 ($50/2 years) for individuals, $18 for students, $40 for institutions. (Payment by check or credit card. Add $10 for address outside North America.) Voice I (800) 236-3641 or (909) 785-1295 Fax I (909) 785-1595 E-mail I [email protected] Web site I www.atoday.com adventist today (ISSN1079-5499) is published bimonthly for $29.50 per year ($18 for students, $40 for institutions) byadventist today Foundation, P.O.Box 8026 Riverside, CA 92515-8026. Periodical postage paid at Riverside,, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER:Sendaddress changes to AdventistToday, Box 8026, Riverside, CA 92515-8026. Copyright iQ 2002 by adventist today Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to fostering open dialogue in the Adventist community.

volume 11 i5sue 1 I adventist tOdayl3 Date Setting Alive and Well: when they hear this message. Please action be morally legitimate if it is have due diligence in regard to this seri- pre-emptive? 2. Is it morally permissible Rubling Responds to McLarty ous claim. If you are interested in further to use force to oust a tyrannical and ag- John Mclarty writes. In 1999 I men- information, write, call or email me at gressive regime, as opposed to merely j tioned Richard Ruhling's ideas as an Box 1299, Collegedale TN 37315, disarming it? 3. May the U.S. legiti- example of failed Adventist date setting. 423-396-9910, or [email protected]. mately lead a coalition against Saddam I began my article this way: Confirming this is Bush's plans for war Hussein if the U.N. refuses to authorize "Leaving the New Jersey Campmeeting with Iraq. Gabriel said, "the vision the use of force to remove or disarm his I met an old acquaintance, Dr. Richard points to the time of the end." It's about regime? Ruhling. We greeted each other, and I a ram (Iraq and Iran are descendants of What you wrote caused me to con- asked what he was up to. His face was Medes and Persians) and verse 5 fits tinue to think deeply about these issues all smiles as he told me the good news: our time not Grecia (touched not the but, alas, I don't think it ended "serious Jesus would be here in five years or less. ground-air war by the goat that came debate among the followers of Jesus." The tracts he was handing out presented from the face of the whole earth- Lynn R. Heath I Lorna Linda, Calif. the Biblical proof. U.N. support). "That was 1989. His five years are Richard G. Ruhling, lVI.D. now ten. Date setting has a long history New Beginning in . We wouldn't be here Congratulations on the "New Begin- without date setting. Jesus was going to First Strike ning for Adventist Creationism" issue (AT Sept/Oct 2002) starting with the come in 1843. No, make that 1844, I always enjoy reading what you beautiful chambered nautilus cover pic- 1847,1851. These dates were not set by write. Your editorial "First Strike" (AT ture. The three articles on the Ogden kooks out on the fringe of our commu- Sept/Oct 2002) has to be taken seri- meetings were well done and encourag- nity. Some or all of them were believed ously. At the end of your piece you state, ing. Thank you for a good report. The and taught by James and Ellen White, "But I don't see how there can be any work of Dick Ritland and my husband, and other leaders. And serious debate among followers of Jesus Ed Hare, has not been in vain. I am glad they were all wrong. And so were the over whether we should strike first." Al- to see the door opening a crack and predictions Jesus would come in 1964, though I think you make very strong meaningful dialog taking place. 1994 and 1996. arguments for avoiding pre-emptive ac- "But our church is maturing. To be tion by the U.S. against Iraq, I do not Patti Hare I Daytona Beach Shores, na. sure, there are Adventist evangelists and think serious debate among the follow- campmeeting speakers who recklessly ers of Jesus on this issue has quite yet Intellectual Honesty hint that the year 2000 is the year. But been resolved. You are absolutely correct, Brother they are becoming noteworthy because According to some scholars pre- McLarty (AT Sept/Oct 2002). It is of their eccentricity. They no longer ar- emptive action can be "defensive" if it is "intellectually dishonest" for some of ticulate the center of Adventist thought." prompted by a reasonable belief that a the participants at International Science Recently someone pointed out this known aggressor is equipping himself and Faith Conference to ignore what reference to Dr. Ruhling. He took excep- with the means to carry out further they have learned "through observation tion with my personal reference and acts of aggression. Saddam seems to fit and broad-ranging study." Moreover, sent the following letter in response. here. they shouldn't have to fear loss of Richard Ruhling writes. Our pioneers I do not think the Bush administration employment "if their questions and could not have given the "midnight cry" is cynically trying to fan the flames of opinions about origins were fully in 1844, because that was during the war by attempting to convince the known." But, it is equally disingenuous "tarrying time." Christ's words imply a American people that we face a dire for these denominational employees to message will be given when His coming threat from Iraq. In a democracy these continue to work for an SDA college or is imminent. When Peter said, "1,000 issues should be debatable and I do not university and not hold to a literal, years are as one day. God is not slack" think it is wrong for the president to let contiguous six-day creation. When you the Greek means no tarrying in the con- his position be known. The president go to work for an employer, you should text of 6,000 years. Since "Mercury, does have a "bully pulpit," but you and agree with what the employer is propa- Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn will line many others have freedom of the press gati ng or fi nd another job .... up with the sun and moon-the first to voice your opposition. Anyhow, these scientists that fear for time in 6,000 years" (Time Magazine, In the Wall Street Journal of Friday their job safety could always go to work 1-17-00), we can say, "the Bridegroom Dec. 6, 2002, an editorial article ap- for a public or private university that comes!" Wise virgins.who choose to peared by Robert P. George ..." A Just doesn't advocate a Iiteral, contiguous fulfill their destiny will examine the evi- War in Iraq." In this article he defended six-day creation. They can have all the dence of this claim and light their lamps these three issues: 1. Can military academic freedom that they want and

41 adventist today 1volume 11 issue 1

-~~~;;;;;;;=;;;;;;;;;;;i;iiii;;o;;;;====="""'''''''"""-""",-",,,,------not the cogn itive dissonance that they vide for my family of four and take the your back to do it. Unfortunately, in my suffer while working for an burden from my wife. I'm still an SDA, view, your editor-usually a sensible Adventist institute of higher learning. but I will decide where my money goes, and reasonable man-recently did this John A. Locldey I Huntsville, Ala. what I do, and how I live .... in his recent editorial on "Grown-up Fortunately, I'm now answerable to Adventism" (AT Nov/Dec 2002). He God and not the denominational bean says that the" ... maturation of the Teachers on Welfare counters. church annoys the ideologically driven The September/October 2002 issue Ray Couden I Via the Internet purists among us-whether right-wing had so many pertinent articles. I thank historicists or evangel icals, or liberals." you for covering so many areas. I wish Where are the "ideologically driven lib- to comment on two in particular: "Does Adventism and War erals" he is talking about in our church? Adventist Education Pay?" by Gill An interesting article (AT Sept/Oct I know plenty of ideologically driven Bahnsen and "SDA Faculty On Wel- 2002), but does Mark Carr not know reactionaries and conservatives. Just fare?" by Don Riley .... anything about the attend a meeting of a local cell of the One question I have ... is the astound- (MCC) on our ing fact that since our church education college campuses tuition is so high and obviously teachers during WW II, or One question I have ... is the are not getting the benefit-where is the is he choosing to astounding fact that since our money going? This subject is of interest ignore it? As I re- to me since my granddaughter (attend- call, the church church education tuition is so high ing a local community college and had a very defi- now in her second year) has grown nite position and and obviously teachers are not getting more towards entering education train- it was to be the benefi~-where is the , , ing to eventually become a teacher. conscientious Her abilities, talents and gifts lie in that cooperators money gOing? area. I've encouraged her to read these rather than articles. She has al ready told me that conscientious she knows she'll have to marry some- objectors, to save Iives rather than to Adventist Theological Society. I suppose one with an excellent income for her take them. I was a child living at AUC that a classical Marxist Adventist might to be able to do this. I've known some during WW II, and I have vivid memo- be certified as ideologically driven but I elementary school teachers (single par- ries of a large flag full of blue stars have not met one yet. ents) who have had to work holiday and hanging in the chapel, one star for each My suspicion is that your editor had to summer times in local department stores AUC student serving in the military. The include liberals in his sentence so as to to make ends meet. One can't always church instituted the MCC program in appear balanced and fair. If he can count on falling in love with a rich conjunction with the U. S. Army to train point to an example of such views, this husband! our boys to become medics when they long-time reader of your magazine Peggy Hanis I Burtonsville, Md. were drafted. Has he never heard of Cpl. would like to know what they might W.A.S.H.Board Chair Desmond Doss, who served as a medic be. I might be an ideologically driven in WW II and earned the Congressional liberal and not know it. Medal of Honor? ... Our boys also James Hilton I Glendale, Calif. Teaching in served in the Korean War as medics or Church Schools in Whitecoat. Let's render unto Caesar [Re: Riley in AT Sept/Oct 2002] what is Caesar's. We can serve both God I taught in our denomination from 1957 and Country. to 1968, 11 years. I taught in public Patti Hare IDaytona Beach Shores, Fla. high school and was rewarded with a fairly decent salary and a monthly retire- Liberal ideologically ment. I became an RN, and after 10 years retired and receive a monthly re- driven purists? tirement .... I am quite disturbed that I It appears that Adventist Today is at- worked for the denomination, [but] have tempting to bend over backward to be received no help in retirement.. .. Once I fair to the fundamentalists in our faith made the step out of denominational community. This is understandable employment, my Iife started picki ng up. since regretfully we have a lot of them. I could now buy a house, afford to pro- But please-please-don't fall over on

volume 11 issue 1 I adventist today 15 Raymond Cottrell: A historical biography DOUGLAS HACKLEMAN

f ever "a workman" "stud[ied] to Romans, and shew [him]self approved unto countrymen, lend God," it was Raymond Forrest me your ears. I Cottrell. And the last phrase of have decided to 2 Timothy 2:15, "rightly dividing give my life to the word of truth," so aptly de- Jesus.' And he just scribes the efforts toward a reliable broke out crying. interpretation of scripture that our lately And, of course, departed friend called his "unending Dad and Mom quest." jumped up from Ray Cottrell worked as easily in the He- the table and brew as in the Greek, but he seems to came to comfort have misunderstood the Psalmist in chap- him. It was a tre- ter 90, verse 10, to be saying that "The mendous incident days of your labor are threescore and ten." that I had wit- Because he was a most cheerful nessed. And that workaholic decades before the term explains his was coined. whole career in Born in 1911 among what then were working for God." the strawberry fields of south central Los Ray followed Angeles, Ray's work and study habits first this commitment appeared as he approached adolescence, with action. As young as he was, Ray at La Sierra Academy and two years of following his family's move in 1919 to seemed to have the run of the dynasty. He junior college at what is now La Sierra Shanghai, where his father had been en- would ride his bicycle or take the bus University. couraged by Roy Franklin Cottrell, Ray's through Shanghai to the jetty along the During his senior year of academy China missionary uncle, to come and sell Huangpu River where American, British Ray taught second-year Latin to a class Hupmobiles, the creation of one of Henry and French warships frequently stood at of one, so that Leland would not have Ford's early employees. anchor. For a few pennies he would hire a to begin again his two-year language re- The boy Ray created his own map of skiff that would take him out to the de- quirements in Spanish, French or German Shanghai, which was then a city of stroyer, cruiser or battleship of his choice. when La Sierra had no one to follow up 250,000 people. And during his first two There he would climb the gangway up the on the year of Latin he had taken in years at the American high school there, side of the ship to the main deck and pro- Shanghai. In his final year at Southern he was so taken by his Latin classics that vide the sailors with truth-filled literature. California Junior College, Ray became he translated Caesar's Gaelic Wars long- It was also in Shanghai that he began the founding editor of the College Crite- hand, into English-just for fun! "It filled his lifelong love of astronomy and cos- rion and, through no fault of his own, four handwritten notebooks," his surviving mology. His father bought him a very graduated one major piano recital short brother, Leland, recalled recently. high-quality telescope that he used at one of a double major. Leland's most significant memory from point to focus the sun on a drawing board While at the junior college Ray learned their childhood in Shanghai is of the across which he plotted the movement of Spanish well enough to ingather in that evening when, as an early teen, Rayap- sunspots over a period of weeks. tongue and hold Bible readings in the proached the dinner table where his A few months after the birth of his third home of a Mexican family in Wineville, parents were dining alone. "He looked at brother, Kenneth Grayson, in December of which has since changed its name to Father and Mother at the table, only he 1925, the Charles Cottrell family returned Mira Loma, and where Ray's early was seeing something farther away. to the United States, settling in Riverside. contacts resulted in the first American And ... he held up his hands, just like Through farm, maintenance, monitor Spanish-speaking Seventh-day Adventist somebody [trying] to get their attention. and cafeteria jobs, Ray worked his way Church. Ray and his theology major But he was looking past them. 'Friends, through the last two years of high school friends also participated in various

61adventist today Ivolume 11 issue 1 outreach efforts in Pedley, Norco, moved to Yuma, Ariz., and then Ogden, more than difficult, and dangerous as Sunnymead and Corona, all of which Utah, pastoring a few months in each field well. Along with the other missionary resulted in Adventist churches. until, late in 1934, they accepted a call to women and children, Elizabeth returned Raymond had begun in college to read mission service in Manchuria. to the States; and in early 1941, Ray and books omnivorously, something like 30 On a layover en route, the young the other remaining missionary men had volumes a year. As he read he compiled a couple visited a public aquarium where, to evacuate. list of words (along with their definitions) Ray wrote home, "the biggest fish we The returned China hands moved to that he encountered in his reading. met...was Babe Ruth in person, who had PUC where Ray taught full-time at PUC Around 1930 he wrote an essay on sim- just arrived on the 'Empress plicity using almost exclusively the of japan.'" The voyage to Some of Ray's colleagues "simple" words from his vocabulary note- Yokohama, japan, on the 55 book. Three months ago he recited President Lincoln took a little have described him as a the first sentence of that essay to his over three weeks. "The only biographer: time I ever gambled in my 20th-century Desiderius Erasmus "Transcending the meticulous austerity life," said Ray. There were (1466-1536),minus the inflated ego among the genus homo, I descry an one-armed bandits on the inscrutable resilience permeating the ship, and the young pastor and the biting sarcasm. A review fortuitous prescience of adamantine "had a guilty conscience until anth ropomorph ism." I put what I won in the Sun- of their respective lives reveals a Straight out of junior college Ray was day offering." considerable list of parallels be- asked to be principal of nearby San Ber- After a year of immersion nardino Colton junior Academy that later in the study of Mandarin and tween Ray and the 15th-century became Fairview Academy. He had been some other duties, Ray's titles all set to attend Pacific Union College, but accumulated: Director, Kirin Des who lived to mourn the the depression got in his way. Mission; Principal, Manchu- execution of his friend Sir The next year he accepted a pastoral in- ria Union Training School; ternship in , where he met a Educational Secretary, Man- Thomas More. young nursing student named Elizabeth churia Union Mission and Landis, who shared her flashlight with him Director, Central Manchuria Mission. For Prep and then in the College religion de- while Christmas caroling. Ray and Eliza- several of their Manchuria years, Ray and partment, while completing his bachelor beth were married on Dec. 16, 1932, in Elizabeth lived in Hsingking, literally next of arts degree and graduating with a the Ninth Street Phoenix Seventh-day door to Henry Pu Ying-the last emperor. master's degree in 1944, along with long- Adventist Church by Sofus Tony Borg- By 1940, six years into a seven-year time friend and colleague, Graham a union that endured four months shy of commitment, hostilities involving the Maxwell. 70 years. Within months the newlyweds japanese occupation made mission work Continued on page 8

volume 11 issue 1 I adventist today 17 Continued from page 7 Cottrell and Neufeld, the duo that Ray ego and the biting sarcasm. A review of And it was at PUC in the late 1940s that termed the "galley slaves," worked six their respective lives reveals a consider- Ray and Elizabeth adopted Richard and days a week from 4:30 in the morning ... able list of parallels between Ray and the Peggy. well, from dark to dark. In 1957, their 15th-century Des who lived to mourn the Beginning in 1945 Ray devised and di- "long march" resulted in a monumental, execution of his friend Sir Thomas More. rected the Personal Evangelism Crusade lasting and most useful achievement. The fitness of the analogy remains to be that involved more than 550 students and In 1959, while working as associate edi- made in his biography, along with his faculty of PUC once each month in highly tor of the Review, two Rays-Cottrell and controversial friendship with another well- organized visitation and literature dissemi- Moore-were instrumental in planting a known Des. nation to thousands of homes in a 160- new church in the growing neighborhood Like his Albigensian and later Seventh- by-SO-mile corridor between San Fran- of Wheaton, Md. Ray served as associate day Baptist forebears, Ray was a reformer, cisco and Sacramento. The crusade lasted pastor there on a voluntary basis for many albeit a most gentle one. In his modest several years and resulted in the establish- years. and pleasant way, he encouraged reform ment of several new Seventh-day Adventist The Cottrell youngsters, Richard and in our methods of corporate Bible study churches. Peggy, grew up around Takoma Park. Al- toward a scripturally sound defense of the Ray taught in PUC's religion department though Ray enjoyed traveling and giving sanctuary doctrine, in a consistent and quarter after quarter for ten years, with no lectures on a variety of topics, until the valid use of Ellen White's writings, in our summer breaks. During that decade, Ray children began academy at Blue Moun- understanding of the relationship between served as the founding secretary of the tain, he traveled minimally, and then only science and theology, in church structure Bible Research Fellowship (the first profes- when he could take his family with him. and governance and in the place of women sional association of Adventist Bible Both Peggy and Richard recall how Ray in the institutional church. Although he scholars) from 1943 until 1952, when it regularly took the effort to make Sabbaths played strictly by all of the explicit-as disbanded over conflicts with the General special-with trips to zoos, parks, muse- well as the many unspoken-rules of the Conference president regarding (espe- ums and historic sites, or on weekends church hierarchs, Ray's unswervingly kind cially) the identity of the King of the camping in nature where God's creation and long-suffering responses to the mis- North. was on display. treatment he received by some of those in Ray's proposal to replace the BRF with a Although sometimes distracted, he was positions of authority is a poignant lesson Biblical Research Committee under the always kind to them and they could abso- in loving your enemies. auspices of the General Conference was lutely count on his word. And neither will Working on a favorite theme, "Faith and approved by the GC Committee in 1952, forget the image of Dad in his missionary Reason as Coordinates," Ray gave the the same year that editor (pith) helmet towing Richard and friends commencement address at Andrews Uni- F. D. Nichol called Ray to join him, along behind their ski boat. versity for at least the third time, in 1972, with Don Neufeld, in the Herculean task Some of Ray's colleagues have de- on which occasion he was awarded an of creating a Seventh-day Adventist Bible scribed him as a 20th-century Desiderius honorary doctorate for the many ways he commentary. For the next several years Erasmus (1466-1536), minus the inflated contributed his intellectual gifts to the

81 adventist today I volume 11 issue 1 church: his facility in six languages (three Ray played a significant role at the subse- continued study of astronomy, cosmology living and three dead), his staggering quent Glacier View conclave. He was an and geology. He holds the record-an commentary contribution, his self-taught appointed delegate who contributed a even dozen-for addresses to the most expertise in astronomy, cosmology and white paper, who provided pre- and post- active chapter in the geology, his various books and hundreds discussion polls of the delegates, and who world, the chapter, to which he of reports and editorials for the Adventist reported on the experience, based on his presented a paper in February of 2002. Review and his shepherding of so many shorthand notes. His record remains the But his recurring theme-and his most other manuscripts to publication as book most comprehensive and accurate portrayal ardent desire-was that his church would editor for the Review and Herald Publish- available of this Adventist watershed. adopt and utilize consistent, valid herme- ing Association. It is a datum that fills to In his retirement Ray provided a num- neutical principles in its study of the overflowing the requirements of irony that ber of significant services to the church at Bible. An accurate understanding of scrip- Ray's doctoral certificate is signed by local, conference, division and world ture, he said recently, was his life's Willis J. Hackett. church levels. Beyond the variety of "unending quest." Although Ray had reached retirement classes he taught, beginning in 1977, for On faith Ray believed that "God will age in 1976, Kenneth Wood persuaded both La Sierra and Loma Linda Universi- take to heaven anyone who would be him to return to the Adventist Review to ties, with Walter Specht, in 1983, Ray happy there." His only concern for the fill a vacancy for one additional year that co-authored the first General Conference- interregnum would be that he will have concluded years of denominational em- sponsored effort to evaluate Ellen White's missed a lot of work and the opportunity ployment. But he retired sort of like Old use of sources in The Desire of Ages. For to tend his garden. Man River. He kept rolling along another the Association of Adventist Forums' first Ray was preceded in sleep by his two national congress in 1984, he youngest brothers, Elwood and Grayson. produced a comprehensive, He leaves behind his beloved brother On faith Ray believed that multifactored comparative Leland, his two adult children, Peggy and "God will ta1

volume 11 issue 1 I adventist todayl9 Raymond Cottrell: A tribute JIM WALTERS

ay was a colleague and friend, said he could not possibly publish a can- denomination-as seen in his calculated who I now realize had become did biography of Ray, but he eagerly decision to long withhold from publica- a father figure to me. anticipated Adventist Today's biography tion his 900-page study of Daniel, My first vivid impression of that is well under way. because he sensed it might unduly disturb Raymond Cottrell came when Throughout his life Ray was a remark- people. Ray estimated that he wrote over he gave a chapel talk at South- able thought leader in our denomination. 10,000 pages of unpublished manuscripts. ern Adventist University in 1965; I was a It is usual to be productive in one's prime Given Ray's prodigious work, you'd sophomore. As I recall that talk, he hap- years, but consider Ray's accomplish- think maybe he neglected his children. pened to mention that Jupiter had some ments both early and late in his long His son, Richard, tells of his dad often tak- eight moons (we now know of sixteen), career. In his 30s, teaching Bible at PUC, ing the family to the fine museums and and that was contrary to Ellen White's vi- he became one of the first Adventist gardens of Washington D.C. And Richard sionary reference to Jupiter's four moons. theologians to join a scholarly religious chuckled as he reminisced about his dad As a church we've largely worked through society; and simultaneously, he co- in a jungle helmet, piloting a motorboat such discrepancies now, but in 1965 that founded the first Adventist Biblical ahead of himself and fellow skiers on discussion was exceptional, and I sensed Chesapeake Bay. in Elder Cottrell an unusually perceptive, I knew all along that I Peggy was very close to her open mind. father through the years. And A decade and a half later in 1979, was working with a great particularly during the last five as pastor of the North Hills Church years, Raymond was especially (Claremont, Calif.), I invited Ray to man, but only in the last couple indebted to Peggy for moving preach. Then, a couple of years later in of months have I come to realize into the family residence to care the early 80's we began a close working for her aging parents. Ray often and personal relationship. We led out in Ray's personal eminence. As a mentioned to me that he and his three significant projects: the Association increasingly ill wife, Elizabeth, of Adventist Forums Committee on Church father and husband, as well as couldn't have survived without Structure, the founding of Southeastern churchman and scholar, Peggy's aid. California Conference's Gender Inclusive- The Cottrell home, in some re- ness Task Force, and the founding of Raymond was exemplary. spects, may not have been your Adventist Today. ideal Adventist home, but Ray I knew all along that I was working with research fellowship, an association that persevered, never complaining. The clos- a great man, but only in the last couple of evolved into the current Biblical Research est he came to that was once when he months have I come to realize Ray's per- Institute at the General Conference. After explained why he couldn't financially sonal eminence. As a father and husband, formal retirement, in his 70s, Rayadvo- help with Adventist Today-he was as well as churchman and scholar, cated the need for a judicial branch of spending tens of thousands of dollars for Raymond was exemplary. But further, church governance. In his 80s he argued the special needs of a relative he and Ray's intellectual integrity and spiritual se- for relative autonomy for the General Elizabeth had taken into their home. renity were the bedrock of his personal Conference Divisions in our increasingly With Ray, there was no moral gap be- commitment to others and his courageous diverse world church. And then, just last tween the public person and the private theological leadership in his church. Truly year, he courageously called for progress individual. A few days before his death I great persons need not be physically im- beyond our dated sanctuary doctrine. was speaking with Peggy, and I queried: posing nor vocally loud, and Ray was Was Ray right in all these progressive "My, Peggy, isn't there anything bad that neither. Ray was a quiet giant. positions? I suggest that question misses your father ever did?" She smiled, answer- Ray was so honest and secure that he the larger issue. The point is that Ray ing, "Not really. Oh, he'd get silent when never developed the art of subtle self- epitomized the spirit of Adventism and its he was put out by something." Then she promotion, a skill that many of us acquire fearless pioneers in conscientiously advo- recalled: "Yes, there was one thing he did quite naturally. He was no church func- cating what he saw as vital and true. He that was wrong. Years ago our family was tionary; he marched to the beat of his own was not a political leader with his wetted in Boston. We were navigating those nar- Adventist Christian drum. That's why a finger to the wind, but neither was he row streets, trying to find the North leader at a denominational press recently oblivious to the changing needs of his Church. Finally, my desperate father

10 Iadventist today Ivolume 11 issue 1 'C;;;o-:------looked both ways and charged the wrong discovered by daughter, Peggy, and Doug leave to pursue his doctorate-twice direction down a one-way street!" Hackleman, who were at the Cottrell while teaching in the preparatory school, Ray's intellectual brilliance was evident home researching documents for Ray's and six times while at the college. He was very early. While barely a teenager he biography. I only disclose this most per- promised, but others went on to graduate studied Latin, translating Caesar's Gaelic sonal story because one of Ray's last school as Ray worked hard at the college. Wars into four notebooks as a pastime. decisions was that this file's contents The academic slighting hurt Ray, but it Then a couple of years later at La Sierra should be included in his biography. was minor compared to what followed. Academy, when his brother needed an in- For 50 years Peggy and most all others Evidently, in early 1952 PUC President structor for his second year of Latin, Ray thought that Ray had left teaching at J. E. Weaver accosted Ray, berating him was invited to teach. Ray served many Pacific Union College because of an invi- for not having accepted an invitation to years on the denomination's Daniel com- tation from F. D. Nichol to join him at teach at Glendale Academy. Ray's soul mittee, writing his magnum opus on that church headquarters in Takoma Park, Md. was yanked from his frame. But let Ray book, and memorizing the entire book in to be an associate editor of the Seventh- speak for himself, as he writes a three-page, its original Hebrew. Then, just a few months day Adventist Bible Commentary. heartfelt letter to a friend, the board chair- ago, when Ray needed to stay in bed later This folder contains originals or copies man. Ray is not angry; he's almost contrite: than usual in the morning, he copied of eight letters between Ray and two col- "May I assure you that in what follows Hebrews 11 on flash cards-memorizing lege presidents at PUC and one he wrote there is no personal animus toward any them, of course, in the original Greek. to C. L. Bauer, college board chairman. individual or group of individuals. I am Given Ray's erudition, I often wondered These letters show that Ray gave his all to confident that the intentions of all con- why he never got a Ph.D. I never directly PUC as a religion teacher, receiving only cerned have been above question, and I asked him, just reasoning that Ray didn't one scheduled four-day vacation in at am not now seeking to raise a question of need that "union card" to get an academic least five years. But Ray craved going to any kind; I do think, however, that certain post or prove scholarly legitimacy. And graduate school, and he evidently had a aspects of the problem have not entered that is true, but it's not the whole story. special contact at the University of the thinking of some .... It's a sad story, but with a good ending- Chicago's Oriental Institute, where Ray "I have always and will always cooper- for Adventism. The story was discovered desired to study Old Testament and bibli- ate with such an approach to the problem just 10 days before Ray's death. It con- cal archeology. cerns a folder, penciled "Personal," and Ray cites eight times that he requested Continued on page 13

volume 11 issue 11adventist today I" DANIEL 8: Let's Not Lose Our Nerve ALDEN THOMPSON,SPECTRUM ONLINE (15 APRil 2002)

n recent decades the traditional aftermath. Our Adventist forebears saw a number of British Christians. As historicist Adventist interpretation of Daniel the historicist pattern in places where premillennialists-and all premillennialists 8 has been under steady attack. their heirs and descendants do not. were such between 1815 and 1830-they I'll be candid: I'm not eager to But let us not be too quick to snicker. saw a number of signs that indicated the defend the "traditional" Adventist Indeed, we would do well to ponder nearness of the Second Coming" (Ian interpretation, at least not in the Norman Porteous's comment on the Rennie, "Nineteenth-Century Roots," in way that it typically has been defended, link between "the contemporary cli- Carl Amerding and Ward Gasque, eds., A but I am even less eager to capitulate to mate of thought" and methods of Guide to Biblical Prophecy [Hendrickson critics who often ignore great chunks of interpreting Scripture. In a preface 1989]). biblical material in their eagerness to justifying the exceptional jettison the Adventist position. The objec- reprinting of a 1928 book This may be the crux tions generally fall under three major in 1955, he said: "Books of headings: Biblical exposition tend to of the matter. If our Historicism. Since the historicist ap- date very rapidly, and even- proach to apocalyptic is virtually ignored tually to become almost Adventist forebears overempha- in today's religious world, Adventists are unreadable; so close is the sized human responsibility (and judged to be out of date, if not just plain connection between such wrong, in continuing to adhere to it. writing and the contempo- I think they did), the spirit Context. In Daniel 8, Antiochus IV rary climate of thought" Epiphanes is a much better candidate for (preface to Adam Welch, of our age overemphasizes the little horn than is papal Rome. Jeremiah: His Time and assurance.... The painful truth Antiochus polluted the Jerusalem sanctu- Work, Oxford, 1955). ary for three years (168/67 to 165/64 In short, the "wisdom" is that some of us are too B.C.), among other things, offering pig to that tempts us to laugh Zeus on an altar erected in the temple at yesterday could make easily frightened, others court. us the laughingstocks of too easily assured. Assurance. The Adventist doctrine of tomorrow. A modicum the "investigative judgment," which owes of humility is in order. its existence to the 1844 experience, robs Furthermore, in a more moderate form, "All Protestants expected some grand believers of security in the Lord, and historicism is still the obvious interpre- event about 1843, and no critic from the therefore, declare its detractors, should tation for the book of Daniel. The orthodox side took any serious issue on be abandoned. successive kingdoms in Daniel 2 and 7 basic principles with Miller's calculations" There are counter observations with move toward climax and the establish- (Whitney R. Cross, The Burned-Over reference to these objections. As I see it, ment of divine rule; the sanctuary in District: The Social and Intellectual His- they contain important kernels of truth, Daniel 8 and 9 moves toward restoration; tory of Enthusiastic Religion in Western but usually are developed in ways which and history flows toward the resurrection , 1800-1850, Harper & Row, could jeopardize key features of the in Daniell 0-12. These are all examples 1965. Cited by Rolf Poehler, Continuity Christian faith. Here are some comments of "historicism" at work. The book of and Change in Adventist Teaching Peter relative to each. Revelation may be another matter, but Lang, 2000. historicism is alive and well in Daniel. Historicism I will also argue that we don't need to Context In its thoroughgoing mode, historicism be ashamed of our historicist heritage. The language of Daniel 8 is sufficiently is indeed dated. No one today would Scholars of the 20th century openly state mysterious that any precise application to simply pick up a Bible and interpret the that "historicism" was standard fare historical figures is fraught with hazards. parable of the 10 virgins in Matthew 25 among premillennial Protestants at the But two points are clear. One is contex- as a road map of the 1844 experience, time Adventism was born. Here are two tual: 8:17 and 8:19 state that the vision is the seven churches of Revelation 2 and 3 quotes worth noting: for the time of the end. If the Jerusalem as seven successive eras of history, or the "In the immediate post-Napoleonic sanctuary is gone, what sanctuary is left? bittersweet Iittle book of Revelation 10 era, events took place that appeared The heavenly. There is an alternative as reflecting the Disappointment and its to confirm the pre-millennial view for view, of course: With our futurist friends,

12ladventisttoday Ivolume 11 issue 1 the dispensationalists, we could project the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple on ! the site where a Moslem mosque now Raymond Cottrell: A tribute stands. I'll take the Adventist perspective Continued from page 11 ( any day. The other clear point is the historical (sitting down and 'explaining the matter Ray as our 20th century suffering servant: fact, confirmed by 1 and 2 Maccabees, fully'). But to meet the matter head-on as through his pain we all have benefited. that Jews in the days of Antiochus an angry reprimand for not leaving the Now if Raymond Cottrell were a mem- Epiphanes applied the language of college-Elder Bauer, that is a deep ber of the Roman Catholic Church, I'm Daniel to the abominations practiced by wound .... That night I could not sleep, and convinced he would be eligible one day that evil king. Yet Jesus spoke of the it was several nights before I could sleep for sainthood. The Catholics don't have a abomination "spoken of by the prophet with any measure of repose .... 1 do not corner on saintly living, and Ray was a Daniel" (Matt 24:15) as still being future have words in my vocabulary to describe 20th-century Adventist saint. Now, I'm not in his day. In short, taking the full sweep how I felt. The sharpness of the sting has saying that Ray's self-effacing life is the of Scripture into account, we are looking gone, but the wound is still there. ideal for our lives. Ray's behavior under at multiple applications: Babylon the "May I make it clear that there is no duress didn't model justice-only saintli- desolator in 586, Antiochus in 168/67, feeling on my part against Dr. Weaver; ness. But let's not demand too much of Rome in 70 A.D. And in our day? Any- there was not then, there is not now. He our saints. Mother Theresa personified a thing that diminishes the effects of knew nothing then and knows nothing spirit of self-giving for the poor, but she Christ's heavenly ministry is yet another now of how I felt. I have gone out of my wasn't a model for feeding the starving desolating sacrilege. way since then to demonstrate friendship millions in the developing world. Ray's by such things as taking him berries from virtual silence in the face of personal in- Assurance our garden and of doing many things for justice is not what he envisioned as This may be the crux of the matter, for him that I am not required to do. So far as decent relations in outlining a judicial sys- we live in an age that craves assurance. If he is aware, we are better friends than be- tem for our denomination, but Ray's our Adventist forebears overemphasized fore the incident; and in a certain sense at standard for himself went beyond justice. human responsibility (and I think they least this is true. I have not said anything Just as that fiery St. Paul could look back did), the spirit of our age overemphasizes to him about this because I do not believe at his life with satisfaction, so could the assurance. But my New Testament re- he would understand; PUC is just another generous Raymond, and he must have, for minds me that it is possible to live with stopping place for him on his journey one of his favorite Bible passages comes assurance and still be lost: "Not everyone around the world, it means no more to him from Paul's letter to Timothy: "The time of who says to me, 'Lord, Lord," will enter than any other college in the country. But my departure has come. I have fought the the kingdom of heaven," said Jesus to some of us who have spent years here it good fight, I have finished the race, I have (Matt 7:21). The painful truth is that some is a part of our very being. I have known kept the faith. Henceforth there is laid up of us are too easily frightened, others too for years that I would not choose to ac- for me the crown of righteousness, which readily assured. That's why Paul gave the cept even a major promotion elsewhere the Lord, the righteous judge, will award believers in Corinth a choice: "Am I to unless convinced that the Lord wanted me to me on that Day, and not only to me but come to you with a stick, or with love in a to; position and honor mean nothing to also to all who have loved his appearing." spirit of gentleness?" Quite frankly, I don't me. I simply want to do my humble tasks This is the Advent hope that Ray held think Adventists do a good job preaching in the best way I can to the honor of God dear. • Romans and Galatians. We can do better. and the advancement of his kingdom." jim Walters, PhD., teaches religion at Loma But dumping the doctrine of judgment is I am in awe of Ray's life. It's not that I Linda University, Loma Linda, California. not the right cure for our disease. see his rueful behavior as the ethical ideal In sum, our Adventist heritage enables for dealing with injustice. Rather, I see a us to be consistent with the entire book man who was so individually strong and of Daniel, for each major line of proph- committed that he rose with great equa- ecy points to restoration: In Daniel 2 the nimity above the pettiness and cruelty of mighty rock fills the whole earth; in others. Ray's thwarted longing to earn his Daniel 7, the saints receive the kingdom; doctorate at Chicago was a secret pain he in Daniel 8-9, the sanctuary is restored; lived with for the last 50 years-evidently and in Daniell 0-12, Michael stands up never discussing it with anyone. But I'm for his people. Let's not lose our nerve convinced the whole denomination ben- now .• efited: Rather than bei ng absorbed in Alden Thompson, PhD., teaches religion scholarly study of antiquity, Ray contrib- at Walla Walla College, College Place, uted to the whole church and its significant Washington. theological needs. It's not too much to see

volume 11 issue l!adventisttoday 113 he Roman Catholic Church has race and socioeconomic status, or their nessing group, is asked to help out more recently come under fire for its physical, intellectual or social resources and more by the group's leader. She silence and co-conspiracy con- (Kaiser, 1996). Whenever a person in readily agrees as her good Adventist up- cerning sexual abuse by its such a power position allows or encour- bringing would require her to do. The clergy. Is it time for us as ages a sexual relationship with someone leader notices her dedication and re- Adventists to do some soul- in his jurisdiction, it is sexual miscon- marks on it publicly. The appreciation is searching concerning our own practices duct. [Note: In using the word 'his' in nice and feels affirming. The leader fea- in dealing with clergy misconduct, to describing the person in power, it does tures her in a student leadership put a stop to similar trag- position and she is known edies in our own backyard? to other members of the How big is the problem of I. group as an "insider." As clergy sexual misconduct in • '. time goes on, the leader the Adventist church today? ? takes the young woman (Clergy here refers to all I I more and more into his members of the ministry, confidence. He loves his including pastors, adminis- Eliminating Clergy Sexual Misconduct wife, but she doesn't un- trators, educators, coaches, derstand how important and lay leaders.) Not surpris- in the Adventist Church and Schools his work is. He's glad to have the help of the young ingly, the church has no DRUMM official records of sexual R ENE woman. The woman con- misconduct committed siders herself a friend of throughout the church worldwide. Re- not limit sexual misconduct to males. the family and is often invited to the search on sexual misconduct, however, Females can also be abusers; however, family's home. She helps care for his indicates that when approached through most cases of clergy sexual misconduct children and is friendly, although not anonymous surveys, approximately 10 are perpetrated by males and will be ad- close to his wife. Months go by and fi- to 24 percent of clergy in general wi II dressed as such throughout this article.] nally the day comes when in the admit to engaging in some type of Obviously, any sexual behavior be- basement of the leader's home, he sexual misconduct (Muck, 1988; Goetz, tween an adult and a child is sexual reaches out to her and pulls her to his 1992). Unfortunately, this statistic is misconduct. Regardless of the age of the lap. The woman is stunned-unable to probably not far from the mark within victim, any activity in which the clergy act. She is on Iy able to react, that is, go the Adventist church as well. Women kisses, touches or hugs with sexual in- along with her trusted leader's actions. and men who have long kept secrets of tent, or uses sexually explicit language The thought passes through her head their victimization are now coming to with someone under his care (a parish- that, of course, the man she has looked the forefront and confronting their abus- ioner, student, employee or volunteer), up to must need her. He begins to kiss ers. At least one Internet Web site is is sexual misconduct. her. She feels confused, flattered, dedicated to clergy and educator abuse While these definitions highlight scared. These incidents escalate and specifically targeted toward Adventists. physical sexual abuse, it is important to end with him one day coming to the This site notes that in one survey of understand emotional sexual abuse as room where she is sleeping and assault- Adventist women, 30 percent said well. Emotional sexual abuse occurs ing her there. She at first resists, but they had been sexually abused when clergy develop an emotionally in- later succumbs with no apparent alter- (www.advocateweb.com/cease/). That tense relationship with people in their native. Silence and fear become her is, one in every three or four women-a care that is exploitive. Whenever a per- companions. Guilt and hurt well up staggering statistic. If these figures are son in power allows or encourages an inside. any indication of the magnitude of the inappropriate emotional attachment in Abusive relationships seldom "just "problem in ou~ church, it is imperative which another individual feels power- happen." While research documents that we do something about it. less and used, it is sexual misconduct. In that some clergy are naive or unin- fact, any time the person with less formed with poorly defined boundaries What is Clergy Sexual Misconduct? power is led to feel "special" or unique (Muse 1992), usually more calculating At the heart of sexual misconduct lies to the person in power, in an emotional motives are at work. Often clergy who someone's abuse of their power within a attachment or relationship, a subtle form engage in sexual misconduct use others trusting relationship, and someone else's of abuse and increased vulnerability to meet their own unhealthy needs by vulnerability. Any person with authority may well be present. choosing vu Inerable, trusti ng victims. of some kind has power that invites vul- People who have a history of being any nerability in other people. People can How Abusive Relationships Form kind of abuse victim are frequent targets get this type of power from their em- An example: A young female college of subsequent abuse. Knowing who to ployment role, or from their age, gender, student, dedicated to her Christian wit- trust is difficult, if not impossible.

141 adventist today Ivolume 11 issue 1 Abusers seem to have a talent for know- signals that something might be amiss. protection and control, feelings of ing who might be potential victims. An abuser who shared an office with safety, cherished bel iefs, trust, patterns One of the first steps abusers take af- a student worker would change his of human connection, and one's sense ter identifying a potential victim is to clothes in the same office while the fe- of meaning and self-efficacy have all gain that person's trust. This can be done male student worker was in the room been challenged and irrevocably al- in several ways, such as being needy with her back to him. "Many times I tered" (Mercadante, 2000). Victim/ themselves and asking the potential vic- would be in the middle of typing some- survivors confront the need to heal tim for help. Because the abuser is in a thing in the small office. He would tell emotionally, mentally, physically, position of power or charismatic, the me to keep on typing while he changed and spiritually. person generally complies. Another way clothes behind my back." to gain trust is to give the message that After a time of "grooming" the poten- Physical Issues the potential victim is "special." One tial victim, the abuser carefully chooses It is not uncommon for victim/survi- abuser wrote notes to the person he a time and place to make a more blatant vors to have many physical symptoms abused and would begin the note by overture. This unexpected advance usu- resulting from their abuse, including saying, "Hi Special." In addition, this ally takes the victim by surprise, not sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction, abuser would often tell his victims that knowing what to do. "It wasn't long persistent somatic disorders, and mood they were special. He gave them pre- after living with the [family] that he swings. One victim/survivor com- sents that he would make himself as surprised me by showing up in my bed- mented, "I continue to have dreams that tokens of his attachment. room. He would come in to wake me up revolve around [my abuser]. I wish I Abusers gain trust also by making the after he'd showered. Mrs. __ probably could get away from them." More than potential victim a confidant. Often, he thought he was up studying the Bible. 20 years have passed since this victim/ wi II share with her a secret or confide He came into my room and lay beside survivor ended the relationship with her sadly about his poor marriage. One vic- me and kissed tim was asked to carry a large amount me. His kisses of cash on a tri p for her abuser who were sort of like was heading an organization on tour. his lips were too The abuser's spouse was on the trip, but big for my the victim was asked to secretly handle mouth." the money for them. Those kinds of se- After an abu- crets can invite a false trust within the sive incident, the victim toward the abuser. They are victim often feels tempted to think, "He really can't do trapped and para- without me." lyzed, and Another step in the abuse relationship sometimes in- is to break down the personal bound- trigued or dazed. aries of the potential victim. Since the "The defining abuser is often loving by nature, physi- moment that cal closeness may be part of the person's distinguishes "way of being." This kind of invasion is victimization is when the person is abuser, yet she continues to experience often subtle and absorbed by the victim rendered powerless" (Mercadante, sleep disturbance. without notice. One survivor recalled, 2000:288). Almost immediately, the vic- "sometimes around the table, he would tim recognizes that there is no way out. Emotional Distress put his leg against mine or pat my back She cannot say, "No." She cannot tell The emotional distress that comes or my arm and just come into my space. anyone. She cannot believe it herself. from victimization is tremendous. Vic- This affection I didn't perceive as She no longer trusts herself, her abuser, tim/survivors report feeling shame and wrong. He treated me with kindness, or the world she had previously known. guilt, betrayal, rage, helplessness, de- affirmation, and even said I was like a pression, anxiety, loss of self-esteem, daughter. One time he kissed me on the How Does Clergy Sexual Misconduct abandonment, loss of trust, self-loathing cheek while I was on the phone, even Affect Victim/Survivors? and despair. One survivor remembers this didn't seem to concern me." Look- The effect of clergy sexual misconduct a predominant feeling of fear. "I was ing back on these events, however, the on its victims is much like that of a scared I'd get pregnant, afraid we'd victim could see how her personal Mack truck colliding with a grasshopper. get caught because he often abused boundaries were invaded and eventually The greater the power difference, the me in his house with his wife and led to sexual abuse. greater the devastation. "There is no children in another room." It is the extreme subtlety of these inva- going back once a person has been sions that cause victims to ignore the victimized. Normal patterns of self- Continued on page 16

volume 11 issue 11 adventist today 115

" Is It Possible? Eliminating Clergy Sexual Misconduct in the Adventist Church Continued from page 15

A combination of fear and guilt often sexual ity and I had no other outlet. I had be abused by your abuser. will keep a victim silent and prevent her a hard time dating and leaving things Get support. You've gone through a from protecting herself. "I didn't tell for asexual after that. I felt that I wasn't good stressful and extremely painful ordeal. a long time because I had lots of feel- enough for the ideal guy that I pictured You will need support. If you can get ings of guilt over potentially changing in my mind. I ended up getting married that from a professional counselor such the [organization] forever, let alone the quickly to a non-SDA because I was as a clinical social worker or psycholo- sanctity of his marriage and his family. I pregnant. I am trying to live with the gist, that would be great. Joining a think because I was single that made it consequences of that decision currently support or therapy group can also be difficult because I struggled with the is- and it will always be a thorn in my flesh. very healing. In addition to these op- sue of who would ever want to date me I am made to feel unintelligent for believ- tions, find a good listener, someone knowing that about me." ing the Bible and that Jesus died for my you trust, and let that person give you sins. I feel like I am in a constant battle support. Spiritual Despair with eternal consequences. I realize I Get Information. Find out all that The experiences of victim/survivors re- have to take some responsibility for my you can about clergy sexual miscon- mind us that clergy sexual misconduct behavior after my abuse, but just about duct. Surf the web, go to the library, has eternal consequences. One writer every important decision in my life was make phone calls or whatever method describes the effects on the victims as tainted by the fact that he sexualized of investigation that works for you. The rape of the spirit (Hadman-Cromwell, me." more you know about what this phe- 1991). Victim/survivors may experience a nomenon is all about, the easier your sense that the divine order is abrogated What We Need to Do to End Clergy healing time will be. and suffer losses such as seeing the Abuse in Our Church To parents, friends and church church as an unsafe haven, losing confi- To current and former victims: members: Believe your child, young dence in the teachings of the church, and Realize that this is not your fault. First adult, coworker, church member or losing faith in God. One survivor ex- and foremost, it is important to remem- peer. Remember that abusers are often plains, "Often the deed was done on ber that this situation is not your fault. very charismatic people who are loving Friday night or early Saturday morning. Even if you in hindsight can imagine how and warm, people we want to trust, He would read the Bible before breakfast your naivete contributed to the situation, men who have often done much good and ask me to go to church. How could or now looking back you can see signs in the world. That is why so often, a I be interested in a church he goes to? that could have been a warning signal to parent or friend's first reaction is, "No, Sometimes he would hold my hand you, it was not your responsibility to do Elder So-and-So? Are you sure? while he was naked and would ask so. It was clearly the person in power's Cou Idn't it be that he was just ... " God to forgive us or have me pray for responsibility to protect you, not abuse This is not a helpful response for some- forgiveness. This little routine of praying you. Whatever it takes for you to believe one for whom it has just taken every for forgiveness naked was repeated many that it is not your fault-do it, think it, ounce of courage to tell her seqet. times. Mixing God with sexual abuse has talk it through until it is accomplished To churches and organizations: been devastating for me. This kind of and you can say with confidence, "This is It is imperative that churches, schools, spiritual abuse wreaks havoc in me." not my fault." and organizations act now to have an Tell someone. Then, keep telling IMPACTon clergy sexual misconduct Behavioral Consequences people until you are heard and believed. within the Adventist Church. In brief: Because of the hurtful effects of victim- There will be people who do not believe • Investigate allegations of abuse. ization, victim/survivors often experience you. Realize that many people do not • Make policies about sexual miscon- changes in their behaviors to try to deal want to bel ieve that sexual abuse hap- duct and follow them. with the pain. These behaviors may in- pens, let alone happens to someone they • Provide prevention information. clude: self-mutilation, substance abuse, know. Don't make that unbelief about • Act-the offender must be stopped. prostitution, unprotected sexual involve- you and your credibility a reality. Keep • Compensate victim/survivors. ments (with their own consequences of telling until you find someone to support • Take victims at their word-believe sexually transmitted disease, pregnancy you and help you get what you need. Be- them. and abortion), suicide attempts, troubled sides what you can begin doing for • Investigate allegations of abuse. relationships and isolation. yourself by telling someone, you may People in leadership positions in One survivor remembers, "After my help protect another potential victim. churches, school administrators, and first sexualization with [my abuser], I If you keep your victimization a secret, organizational leaders must not put started self-stimulation. He awakened my you leave the door open for others to their "heads in the sand" and hope an

161 adventist today I volume 11 issue 1 allegation of sexual misconduct will "go Act. It is up to each one of us to stop of discomfort turn us away from doing away." If you do this, be prepared to take the offender. Whenever we hear of an what is required. Jesus commissions us, full responsibility for any future victims allegation of abuse, we must do our "Feed my sheep." That is, "Take care of who may surface under your watch. If part to see to it that the allegation is in- the flock I've entrusted to you." We you know of a complaint or allegation vestigated. If the allegation is supported must stand up for the most vulnerable and do nothing, you are as responsible as (and mostare), it is our duty to assure among us and do whatever we can to the offender. You become a co-conspira- the victim that the offender will not stop abuse in our church .• tor in the abuse. have access to future victims. Renee Drumm is Associate Professor Make policies about sexual miscon- Compensate victim/survivors. It is of Social Work and Interpersonal Practice duct and follow them. Within your important to offer victims the message Coordinator at Andrews University organization (church, school, etc.), are that we understand they were wronged. Berrien Springs, . there clearly stated policies about sexual We should have done more to help. We E-mail: [email protected]. misconduct? Do you have well-articu- should ask, "What do you need from us lated procedures to follow in the event of to get your life back on track: counsel- References an accusation of misconduct? If not, it is ing, relocation, a public apology, a CEASE: Clergy and Educator Abuse every member's responsibility to make church/school or organizational educa- Survivors Empowered! (2002). Available sure they exist. If you are a member of a tional program put in place?" While at www.advocateweb.com/cease/ church reading this and don't know the money does not heal emotional and (Accessed 2/22/02). answer to these questions, give your pas- spiritual wounds, it sends a message of Goetz, D. Is the pastor's family safe tor a call. If he doesn't know, then you acknowledgment that the person was at home? Leadership. 13(4), 1992. probably are not protecting your most wronged. This is certainly an appropri- Hadman-Cromwen Y Power and vulnerable members. ate measure. sexual abuse in ministry. Journal of Take victims at Reiigious Thought, Summer/fall 48(7), their word-believe 1991. Can clergy sexual misconduct them. One of the Kaiser; H. Clergy sexual abuse in U.S. , most harmfu I events mainline churches. American Studies be eliminated in the Adventist for people that have International. April 34(7),1996 church? I believe the answer is a re- been abused is the Mercadante, L.Anguish: Unraveling sin ' pain of not being be- and victimization. Anglican Theological sounding 'Yes!'It is not only possible, lieved. Clergy abuse Review. Spring, 82(2), 2000. happens because Muck, T. C. How common is pastoral it is our imperative, our duty,to address some people are indiscretion?: A leadership survey. more powerful than Leadership. 9(7), 1988. these issues. Jesus served as our others. Those in Muse,]. S. Faith, hope, and the "urge example as he stood on the temple power are more likely to merge" in pastoral ministry: Some to be believed than countertransference-related distortions steps exposing the those with less of relationships between male pastors power. While it is im- and their female parishioners. Journal of hypocrisy of the Pharisees. portant to be fair to Pastoral Care, 46(3),1992. the accused and in- Provide prevention information. One vestigate the accusation objectively, it is of the most destructive bel iefs today is important to give the message, "I be- the myth that if we don't talk about a lieve you" to the victim right from the problem, it does not or wi II not exist. start. Nothing could be further from the truth. Can clergy sexual misconduct be We must equip people to protect them- eliminated in the Adventist church? I selves from abuse within our church believe the answer is a resounding, structures: our churches, schools, and "Yes!" It is not only possible, it is our organizations. We can do this by holding imperative, our duty, to address these special programs featuring abuse preven- issues. Jesus served as our example as tion information. We must also educate he stood on the temple steps exposing those in leadership positions about their the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. It was an own vulnerabilities and help them to see uncomfortable time for the disciples healthy alternatives to getting their needs and it caused some people to turn away met. wondering. We cannot let the prospect

volume 11 issue 1 I adventist today 117 Editor's Note: The following excerpt is By spring, I would often find my theology of "Spiritual Gifts." published to illustrate the incredible thoughts meandering to the pastor's During our commutes, Lisa and I be- subtlety and tenacity of sexual predators warmth and love of fun. His ability to at- gan to compete for Pastor C's attention. in a religious setting. tract students continued to impress me. Lisa had the advantage. She seemed very e lived on Long Island. He was a rebel, and that felt good to my comfortable around him. He would tickle Mother wanted me to adolescence. Often starting or encourag- her affectionately and sling his arm casu- attend the Adventist academy ing food fights and cutting up after class, ally around her shoulders. Sometimes his in Queens. It turned out that he recommended bucking the system to attention to her would upset me. It one of the teachers Iived near an extent that represented a freedom I seemed very inappropriate when he us and would be willing for had never experienced before. He was would bite her nose or pinch the inside me and my friend Lisa to ride the train still very careful around me, only occa- of her upper thighs-actions more seem- with him into the city. I found him a bit sionally directing his attention to me, and ingly appropriate (if ever) if she had "spooky," but it seemed like an answer to when he did ask me a question or play- been 6 than 16. They had a playful PASTOR, s , CHERYL (OONEY

prayer so we rode the train together. fully tease me, I was flattered. "thing" going that I didn't understand, Pastor C taught freshman religion and Before I met him, adults had not spo- but as much as I did not want to be sophomore, junior and senior history that ken to me as though I was an equal or treated as Lisa was, I did not like feeling first year. In the mode of a real life Gabe capable of speaking on the same level as left out either. Kaplan, he was skilled at engaging stu- they were. Pastor C was an adult who Occasionally, if Lisa were out sick, I dents with wisecracks, followed by an was capable of speaking comfortably to would travel alone with Pastor C. When occasional wink or smile. Classroom teenagers with respect and interest. He this happened, I worried I would seem management consisted of putdowns and knew our lingo and seemed to under- uncool to him. So I would ask him ques- sarcasm. Sometimes his threats or his stand that we were insecure and in tions and listen to his stories. He would body language suggested physical pun- search of our identities. He spent time comment on other students' dress or be- ishment when he waved a fist or squared getting to know us and visiting with us havior and sometimes talk about how his shoulders up against a student. His before and after school, appearing to en- pretty Patty was and how much he wor- stories of his gang experiences in Brook- joy our company. ried about her well-being. I wondered if lyn and his Navy training as a "SEAL" lent He offered incontrovertible answers to he thought I was beautiful, too. His re- credibility to his threats. Most students theological questions no one else had marks about Patty sometimes seemed knew not to mess with Pastor C. ever answered. He gave credit for this inappropriate, though I couldn't describe Despite this harshness, students liked skill to the spiritual gifts he was given, just why. him, thriving on his comments and warm combined with education and his knowl- Pastor C told me about his high school embraces. Sometimes students got his at- edge of Greek, Aramaic and Hebrew girlfriends and how pretty they were, de- tention even when they were not looking (knowledge which unfortunately most scribing his relationships, even down for it-Patty, in particular. He would of- other pastors lacked, he said). H is expla- to their flirtations and sexual teasing. ten wink at her or pinch her cheek, nations released me from the confusing Sometimes he compared my schoolmates despite the fact that she scowled at him ambivalence I had felt regarding religion. disparagingly with his friends, noting that when he did. In fact, Patty scowled so He was a walking theological encyclope- loyalty was not a quality espoused by my much, he nicknamed her "EI Groucho." dia who took the drudgery out of Bible classmates, but that it had been the test With me though, he didn't attempt to study by making things relevant to me- of a true friendship among his crowd. He breach the wall I had raised around my- explanations customized to real-world missed his friends, some of whom had died young, either in Vietnam or of dis- self. examples I understood. And he went at Nonetheless, I began to notice that my speed; I could interrupt and ask any ease. One girl coincidentally had shared several students were envious of the time question I wanted. my name, he told me. Cheryl had been on the train that the pastor, Lisa and I He made spirituality attractive. I was his first love at 13 and had died shortly shared. Slowly, a sense of satisfaction beginning to really want a personal afterwards of leukemia, a heartbreaking began infi Itrati ng my thoughts, and I be- relationship with God. I was certain that experience that he explained had de- gan to be pleased to have such a coveted such a desire could only be awakened stroyed his ability to open up to other benefit-yet I remained unsure it was a by a God-given messenger, a belief people for years. privilege I wanted. that Pastor C encouraged by his At the end of that first school year,

181 adventist today Ivolume 11 issue 1 Pastor C told me that although Patty I didn't even kiss my family on the cheek. would always be his "Number One" I was afraid my kiss would be too wet, or worker, he had selected me as a worker too dry, or too tight, or too loose ... or also. I knew Lisa would be green with miss the mark entirely and I would em- envy and I felt bad, but I was thrilled and barrass myself by kissing someone's ear immediately accepted. or nose or something. Not wanting to ad- The topic of kissing first came up while mit these insecurities, I simply said I was we were both alone in the school van in too uncomfortable. a parking lot. Pastor C had just finished I can still remember the amused telling me how happy he was that we twinkle in Pastor Cs eyes. Kindly, and had become friends and how grateful he playfully, he told me I could practice on was for my friendship. Patty had begun him. My stomach became queasy at the dating a classmate Pastor C did not trust thought. I had no intention of practicing and he was qu ite upset. He felt very sad on his cheek, but at the same time I also and let down that Patty had chosen to didn't want to go through high school date this person. Her choice made it without ever having a boy approach me, Cheryl Cooney, M.S.Ed., c.pc.u., lives clear to him that I was the more loyal so I was slightly tempted to take his offer. and works in . A graduate and close friend. The rush I felt at this He began playfully teasing me, goading of AUCs Adult Degree Program (Elemen- news brought butterflies to my stomach. me to take the step. I balked. I could not tary Education/Psychology) and Baruch- But competing with my elation at this make myself move toward him. And I City University of New York (Graduate new level of acceptance was my jealousy didn't. That time. I was too shy to reach Degree in Elementary Education), Cheryl of Patty. over and kiss him on the cheek when he has worked in the field of re-insurance for A boyfriend, or even a date, was an expected it. It felt too contrived. Instead, the past 72 years. She edits the Web site achievement I had dreamed about since an idea came to me that I would try to www.advocateweb.orglcease. before the days of reading fantasy books find a time to do it spontaneously, in a CEASE stands for Clergy and Educator about "malt shoppe" dates. I recognized way that would not seem unusual and Abuse Survivors Empowered. that I was not as attractive as Patty, but that would be similar to my classmate's sti II I wanted to attract boys. Afraid to ask manner. directly how to do that, I asked the pastor Sure enough, when he dropped me off three seconds after I pulled away. at my house that night, I "What's the matter?" the pastor asked me quickly leaned over the center point blank. "I am upset!" I said, equally console of the school van and indignant. And then he said something I kissed the pastor goodbye on could not fathom: "Are you upset be- the cheek. His eyes lit up and cause you did not kiss me back?" he smiled. "Not bad ...on a The beautiful spring day had been infil- " scale of 10, about a two." He trated by a silent, ki IIing frost. My heart had graded my kiss on the froze. cheek! Stunned, I stared at him, "No!" I remember almost spitting the insulted that he had the nerve word at him. to grade it. At the same time I was furious. How dare he! I felt like a embarrassed that my score special moment had been stolen from wasn't higher, slightly indignant me. I had never been kissed before and I because I was sure it was worth didn't feel ready to kiss anyone now. how I could have more friends. He ex- a higher score. From that night ensued a What was this married father of two, a plained that many people were afraid I little game where I would give him mul- minister and teacher no less, doing would reject them and that I was viewed tiple pecks on the cheek trying to improve kissing a student? Kissing on the lips was as "unapproachable." He contrasted my my score. I have no idea how long this the most intimate thing I had ever seen reserve with that of a classmate of mine took place but of course it was always in on TV or movies. The length of time it who would kiss all her fellow students private because it would not be an activity took me to walk from his desk at the and all her teachers on the cheek every anyone would understand-even though front of the classroom, to get my things morning. kissing on the cheek was harmless ... from the chair in the first or second row, I was crestfallen to think that I had to One day in his classroom, with the to walk behind him to the door seems be "kissy" in order to make people feel at door locked, he turned his head while I so long I can picture every second as ease enough to see me as approachable. was "practicing" the cheek kiss. He kissed though it were a minute. It seemed an impossible thing to change me on the lips. I became speechless and myself into someone else. For one thing, motionless for what seemed like two to continued on page 20

volume 11 issue 1 I adventist today 119 Sexual buse and lse ccusations EVALINE EST

he editors of Adventist Today, False accusations are very rare but do We owe this to all parties. knowing that I've provided occur. Opportunistic, vengeful, or un- To underscore this, the local Child therapy for victims of abuse, principled persons may accuse someone Protective Services Agency (California) asked if in my experience there in the hope of financial or other gain. An whose mandate is to protect neglected have been incidences of false ex-spouse may occasionally convince a and abused children, has within it a accusations of abuse. My an- child to accuse the other parent in order specific unit whose specially trained swer was, "Yes, but very rarely." I was to win a child custody battle. Children personnel conduct all interviews per- then asked to briefly share my observa- who have been abused at a young age or taining to accusations of sexual tions on the subject. by more than one person may sometimes abuse. Having read the Drumm article, I'm re- confuse the identity of the abuser(s). I believe that in church-related situa- luctant to detract from its message, with There are other complex issues that may tions we must use the same caliber of which I concur. Clergy sexual abuse enter into false accusations. expertise in making determinations of within the church is a real and devastat- My intention is not to provide an ex- such sensitive and far-reaching conse- ing problem and must be confronted for haustive Iist of types of such accusations, quences. Often specialized public the good of all. but to admit that they do occur. Further- agencies are the best and only source On the other hand, to trust every accu- more, my purpose is to urge that only of such competencies .• sation as authentic without careful those who have specialized training Evaline West, M.S. W, M.A., L.C.S. W, is evaluation provides the potential for and experience in sexual abuse issues an Emeritus Professor of Social Work at another kind of devastating abuse. should do evaluation of accusations. Pacific Union College, Angwin, California .

•••••• _ •••••••• _ ••• ••••• o •••••••••••••••• _ •••• __ •••• ••••••••••••••••• _ •••••••••• __ •• __ ~_ ••••••••••••••••• _._-- •. , ••••••••••••••• _ •• --~ •••••••• _-- ••••••••• - •• --- ••••• " ••••• -.----... •••• --' ••••••••••••••• _-_ •••• - ••• --- ••• - •• --.----- •••••••••••••••• -- .••••••••••• - PAS , , OR continued from page 19 With my hand poised to turn off the one I could ask them of except Pastor C. Agape. After school, I stayed and worked light before leaving the room, I asked the If I talked with anyone else, I feared ex- late so I could travel home with him pastor how he could kiss me on the lips pulsion from school for myself and the and ask more questions. I asked him when it is not appropriate. When he ruin of his ministry. about the four forms of love in more shrugged his shoulders in an offhand way I got to the station early and when Pas- detail, specifically asking if kissing weren't and walked out of the room, muttering tor C arrived, I told him I needed to part of Eros. He explained that he was something under his breath about not speak with him alone. He suggested that beginning to think that our special friend- seeing it as a problem, my blood ran we sit in a different car so that we would ship was approaching Agape love, the cold. I was stuck. I felt convinced that not be interrupted when Lisa came. I felt godly form of love, in a way he couldn't this man had made a terrible mistake, a very guilty leaving Lisa out so abruptly, understand or explain. It was a form of fact he needed me to explain to him so but I felt that my need to placate my own love which hallowed every act in the that I could save him from a lack of judg- distress outweighed my feelings of loyalty relationship .• ment that could cost him salvation, his to Lisa. This article is excerpted from a longer job and my trust. Visions of my bleak fu- During that morning's train ride, repeat- piece. C eventually drew Cooney into a ture if I distrusted this man who had edly over the days and weeks to follow, I full-blown sexual affair that lasted for 77 become my emotional prop and ego debated my questions with him, driven by years. He even proposed to her, claiming booster blinked in the back of my mind. an icy emptiness in the pit of my stomach God had shown him in a dream that his I did not want to go back to my confused that I attributed to a guilty conscience. wife would die and the two of them were theology ...but if he thought there was His arguments did not change, but be- to marry. When Cooney was finally freed nothing wrong with kissing a student... came more and more elaborate. Then from the relationship and talked to the all of his theology would be suspect. came the day in Bible class when Pastor C conference officials, C was removed from After a sleepless night, I awoke with a explained the various forms of love in the the Adventist ministry, but his parishioners sickening feeling, instantly remembering Bible: there was brotherly love (Philos), and colleagues were never officially told the events of the previous afternoon. I still erotic love (Eros), another kind I don't re- why. Cooney is now married and struggling had lots of questions and there was no member, and the very highest form- to rebuild her life.

20 Iadventist today I volume 11 issue 1 e was a tall, skinny kid with woman. Not so today. Body piercing at Harvard Divinity School, wrote, "If long blond hair that he let and tattoos are an accepted part of we are to honor our bodies, it is impor- fall as wind and the casual American culture. Multimillionaire tant to pay attention to how adornment toss of his head directed. He sports and media stars of both sexes frees or constrains us. What is constrain- had come to the church of- cover all displayable skin (and some that ing for one person can be freeing for fice several times asking for is not) with tattoo "art." All manner of another. Whereas tattooing may seem a food. Each time he came, a new embel- rings, posts, bars and other parapherna- violation of one's freedom not to be lishment had been added to his already Iia are placed/dangled/embedded/ wounded and permanently marked for impressive display of body jewelry. A hooked in obvious and secret body one person, it might be a gesture of free- ring of silver at the dom for another." ("Body top of his ear. A stud language," Christian Cen- on the side of his • tury, january 16-23, nose. Despite my per- 2002). sonal lack of There are, however, im- appreciation for such pelling factors, apart from accoutrements, I saw aesthetics and moral con- a young man who 109 cerns, that body artists needed help. I put might well consider be- him to work doing fore breaking any skin odd jobs around the surface to insert foreign church. After he fin- objects: infection, trans- ished one of his tasks I mittable disease, tongue I asked him what he LA RENCE DOWNING studs that break teeth, saw in his future. He and piercing, which can responded by saying cause permanent defor- that right now he just mity. Despite the risk, wanted to make some money. I asked parts. Adventist churches and campuses people want to make their mark, and him what he intended to do with what across America are not exempt. Airport that mark may be on or within their own he earned. His response was immediate alarm systems must go crazy when the body. and sure: "1 want to buy a new nose mobile gallery goes through security. I jesus said, "Is not life more important ring." am not aware that an Adventist church than food and the body more important I've thought about the conversation has installed metal detectors, although than clothes?" (Matt 6:25). A person is during the 20 years since it took place. some might count them a welcome more than the accumulation of her/his This kid saw the wave of the future and sacerdotal addition. Keep the saints body accoutrements and markings. wanted to be on the crest. At one time, pure, at least an hour a week-if only The individual who seeks differentia- it were that simple! tion through adornment is as precious in After he For the record, I do not hold God's eyes as the Puritan who eschews , the notion that those who buttons and bows and is convinced that taskf$ I pierce, bedeck or attach things those who adorn themselves with silver to their bodies violate a moral or gold will one day be sent by their saw in his futm'e. code. I may look with wonder Maker to inhabit the lower regions. ' at those who strut their stuff, We in the church possess no mandate saying that right which, to some degree, meets from the Lord to winnow out those who to make sonle m(1lne''I. the purpose for "body art." follow a standard other than one we I often ask myself why may value. Bible texts traditionally what he intended people mutilate themselves. quoted to support an anti-adornment What need is satisfied by the position (James 5:3; 1 Peter 3:3 and earned. His :reSI)OIl!~e display? Those who study hu- others) direct the exegete toward other and sure: "I want man behavior have offered conclusions than eschewing adornment! several suggestions. Historian Be gentle, is my plea. Be gentle with new nose ring!' joan Brumberg calls the travel- the woman or man who practices an ing gallery "'body projects' that adornment ritual different from the one such displays were limited, for the most turn the body itself into a canvas to be we value. It is my hope that our sight part, to sailors and motorcycle gang painted with one's identity, a page to be not stop at the things displayed, but members. People paid money in the "inscribed with bodily experience." rather that we may by God's grace see sideshow to gawk at the tattooed Professor Stephanie Paulsell, a teacher and value the soul within .•

volume 11 issue 11 adventist today I 21 he Schumann Pavilion Sab- wit sharp as a tack. Obviously proud views, but nevertheless, the conde- bath Seminars class of the of his book and enjoying immensely the scending attitudes toward religion controversy and attention that it stirred exemplified by advocates of Scientism Church recently spent four up, he called it "my culminating book/' have so thoroughly permeated higher months reviewing and dis- readily admitting that he wrote it to education that rei igious viewpoi nts cussing Huston Smith's recent "dump my pet peeves onto the world." have a hard time gaining a serious book, Why Religion Matters: His main peeve is what he sees as an hearing in Western intellectual circles. the Fate of the Human Spirit in an Age unfair "tilt of the table" against religion, Smith stated, "I want an end to the of Disbelief. adversarial The main thesis position of of the book is science and that modernist rei igion to one Western culture HUSTON, E HAVE A PROBLEM of dignified has ridiculed, partnership. marginalized or I do not want ignored rei i- Huston dominance of gion, to the rei igion, but an detriment of end to the ti It J 0 H N civilization. He on S· relationship." names the cul- TESTERMAN Smith believes prits as the law, that the futu re of the media, higher education and science promoted by the intellectual establ ish- civilization itself depends on its achiev- itself in its guise as scientism, which he ment and abetted by the media and the ing this dynamic partnership between defines as the position that sees science law. He charges that the universities the two entities that have often blamed as the only valid avenue to truth. still operate largely on the developmental each other-"religion has given us the Many class members either disagreed view of science and religion promoted will to destroy the world and science with the book or found parts of it un- by Auguste Compte, that religion repre- the means." Now the two need to work clear, beginning with the title theme, sents a primitive way of looking at the together from their respective areas of "Why Religion Matters/' which is never world, only to be replaced satisfactorily addressed in the book. by science as civi Iization want an end to the This left as an open question what his advances. real purpose was in writing the book. Science, "the enterprise adversarial position of Especially problematic for the class was that discovers empirical and religion to one of his distinction between science and facts about the universe/' scientism, upon which the main argu- has been transmuted by the dignified" partnership. I do not ment of the book depends. It would academy into "Scientism," have been helpful if this had been more the view that "the scientific want dominance of religion, carefully explained at the beginning of method is the only or most hut an end to the tilt relation- the book, an issue which should have important way of getting been taken care of by good editors. As at truth and that the most ship.' Smith believes that the it was, some class members were left fundamental building with the impression that Smith was blocks of real ity are mate- future of civilization itself against science, preferring a world in rial/' conclusions that on its achieving this which the current dominance of science Smith points out are not was replaced by that of religion. We themselves discoverable by partnership. , , were privileged, however, to have the science, but are philo- author himself visit our class to clarify sophical presuppositions. both his purpose in writing the book The prevailing attitude toward religion expertise to find a way to a viable future. and his position on science and religion. is perhaps worst exemplified by the Science by itself can't find a way to a On Nov. 9, 2002, we saw a tall, statement of some of his scientific col- sustainable future because "it can't get thin, aged gentleman haltingly making leagues, "We don't even bother to its fingers on values, meanings and pur- his way to a seat at the table in the ignore you." On questioning, Smith poses," which are the special province Schumann Pavilion. Although his frame admitted that the majority of individual of the religious wisdom traditions. was frail, his eyes were bright and his scientists were not so extreme in their "Numbers don't carry existential meaning."

221 adventist today Ivolume 11 issue 1 All eight of the major enduring world human experience without contradic- religions agree on transcendence- tion and paradox. Science therefore transcending our physical reality there uses the technical language of math- is a dimension from which our world ematics to translate. Likewise the derives its meaning and purpose. "If divine world can't be reduced to hu- anything characterizes modernity, it is man language accurately without the loss of transcendence, a real ity contradiction and paradox. Religion which surpasses and encompasses our therefore uses the technical language of everyday world," said Smith. "It is a myth, metaphor and story to capture its simple logical mistake to think that sci- truths in humanly understandable form." ence alone is the royal road to truth, Smith states that as a young man he had that it can open the door to truth of ev- set out to begin a career in theology by ery sort, knowledge in all areas." studying at the University of Chicago. Paraphrasing Einstein, he said "Science Then he read the Christian mystics, which tells us what matter does, religion tells totally changed his worldview and us what it means." launched him in the direction he has The world needs the meaningful followed ever since in studying and worldview supplied by religion, which making available to the educated pub- holds human beings accountable to a lic the teachings of the world's great power higher than their own egos. "If wisdom traditions. This led ultimately to you begin with matter, you are lost," the publication of his bestselling book, Smith stated. "In the worldview of sci- The War/d's Religions and a five-part ence, we are the more that has derived PBS television series with Bill Moyers. from the less. In the worldview of reli- Huston Smith envisions a world in gion, we are the less that has derived which the two greatest powers, science from the more." and religion, will work as partners for In response to questions pointing out the betterment of civilization. He is the mu Itipl icity of rei igious teach ings optimistic that this necessary reconcili- in the world, Smith had this to say: ation will happen. Already he sees signs "You can't speak 'language;' you speak of mutual respect and a new willing- German, Japanese, etc. If God wants to ness to dialogue from both sides. If they communicate with a people, he (she/it) fai I at th is task, if either partner dom i- has to use the idiom of the culture." nates the other or plays an arrogant and This is why on the level of specific destructive role, then the future of man- teachings, each religion is different, kind could be grim .• but the great enduring religious tradi- tions agree on the core concepts that underlie the surface differences. Regarding the often contradictory nature of claimed "revelation," Smith stated, "You recall the old RCA record logo, with the dog listening to 'his master's voice.' On those old Victrola recordings, the dog was hearing not only the voice of the master, but a lot of scratchiness. When we listen to God, we hear not only the voice of God but a lot of scratchiness provided by the human condition. We often mistake the scratchiness for the voice of God." "The micro world of quantum me- chanics and the mega world of relativity can't be reduced to the hu- man language of the macro world of

volume 11 issue 11 adventist today 123 Medicine and Prayer in New Guinea: RICHARD ORLEY

odern medicine and Papua staff who moved from patient to patient. spotted Reuben and said, "That is the New Guinea (pNG) provide Reuben's malarial fever, chest pain and man." Reuben and his wife had never an interesting mix. You walk desperate struggles for breath as his seen the man before (actually, Reuben did down a ward after a heart lungs filled with fluid were more than not see him then) and they have not seen team's visit and see patient ominous. him since. Pele indicated to the staff that a after patient with "football As Pele sat there, two men in similar little prayer might give some comfort to stitches" down the center of their chests. condition and with similar monitor read- Reuben, so they stopped ordering him Lack of air conditioning and humid ings died within hours after their arrival. out. weather create a languid atmosphere Reuben's blood pressure shot up as the The little man said they should kneel that takes away much of the mystery of first man struggled and died in the adja- down. He took Pele's hand, and she noted medicine. cent bed. The man's anguished wife his hand was soft like a woman's. After an Patients eat food brought by friends rushed in and cried out, "How can you earnest prayer, he arose and left. On his and relatives. Patients often have relatives leave me, who will take care of your way out he stopped by a bed and stroked who may sleep under the bed and keep children?" the forehead of a young girl who had the store of food there as well. In some When the second man died, ICU pro- been flown to Moresby for treatment of parts of the country, relatives may hear tocol broke down. A large group of snakebite. She was on a drip, with tubes cries of pain or get the idea that things relatives from the village, perhaps 20, down her throat, and her father said doc- are going badly and threaten medical rushed into the ICU to be with him. As tors hoped to remove the tubes in three personnel. Isolating patients can be noted, this can be dangerous as some may days. A few hours later the medical per- difficult. assault doctors or break things in their sonnel felt they could remove the tubes. When the beloved father of a faculty distress. In at least one village hospital The girl was fine and was discharged member at Pacific Adventist University relatives are not allowed inside, because if within a day. (PAU) suffered a severe heart attack we things seem to be going wrong they may To the amazement of the doctors, vicariously experienced several of the attack the doctors and nurses. Reuben also began to get better right conditions that make health care in PNG By Sunday Reuben was in really bad away and his pain subsided. It was not unique and reveal the Great Physician at shape and was expected to go any time. instantaneous but was clearly miracu- work. He had not rested and was in great dis- lous. Thoughts of surgery in left Reuben Alu's chest became tighter and comfort. The doctors' demeanor clearly with the pain. A year later Reuben is seen tighter as he continued to mow the lawn. indicated that they expected him to die jogging and mowing his lawn, and he Finally he had to lie down with the crush- momentarily. feels great. ing pain. "Stupid" was the word he used At this time events took a fortuitous As Reuben and Pele and their two to describe himself. He was rushed to the turn. A man of about five feet with a very small daughters shared their experience intensive care unit (ICU) at the Port traditional, rural village look-barefoot, a year ago in the small chapel at PAU to Moresby General Hospital and his wife with well-worn clothing-came in with a an audience of people from many parts Pele, PAU's registrar, stayed with him Bible. The doctors and the nurses told of the South Pacific as well as from west- constantly. him to leave, but he said he had come to ern countries, they all could sense God's Several patients were side by side in pray for a patient. They responded to the presence and could not doubt his the ICU, and it was clear from the moni- request by firmly explaining why he could miracle-working power. • tors that some, including Reuben, were not come in and were adamant that he Richard Worley is a faculty member at dying. This was confirmed by the "bed- must leave immediately. Pacific Adventist University. His e-mail is side manner" of the hurried and harried He said he had to pray for a patient. He [email protected].