DOCSLIB.ORG

Gold Districts of California [PDF]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gold Districts of California [PDF] & Engr TN 2^ C3 A3 NO. 193 C.2 GOLD DISTRICTS OF CALIFORNIA BULLETIN 193 California Division of Mines and Geology Sacramento, California, 1970 GOLD DISTRICTS OF CALIFORNIA By William B. Clark Geologist, California Division of Mines & Geology, Sacramento, California UNIVERSITY LIBRARY U.C DAVIS '~'^ JUL 'I 'i GOV INFO or"! BULLETIN 193 Geolog/ 95814 The Fricof Nugget. This 201 -ounce (troy) cluster of gold thousand dollars, though iti value at a hbtoricol object crystols Is on display in the Division of Mines and Geology ond museum piece is much more. The nugget is shown here mineral exhibit in San Francisco's Ferry Building. Melted ot slightly less thon holf its actual size. Pho'o by Mary Hill. down as gold, it would be worth tome seven or eight l^y Ronald Reagan, Governor <^.- THE RESOURCES AGENCY U'^IH^Wan B. livermore, Jr., Secretoifx^'; DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIOlf ^ , \, James G. Steorns, Director : ^PiylsJON OF MINES AND GEOlOi^lj 'Itfn Campbell, Sfoie GetJegitf Manuscript submitted for publication 1 963 Some revisions through 1969 SIXTH PRINTING 1 992 FOREWORD This bulletin is an overall guide to the gold deposits in California. Although a vast number of publications have been written on gold and gold mining in California, there is no single report or treatise on all of the knov/n gold-bearing districts in the state. A number of very excellent reports have been written on the gold deposits of certain districts or certain types of deposits within the state, mostly in the Sierra Nevada. Some of these reports are classics now. Among them are J. D. Whitney's 1875 survey of the auriferous gravels of the Sierra Nevada, Lindgren's 1911 professional paper on the Tertiary channels of the Sierra Nevada and the geologic folios of the U. S. Geological Survey by Lindgren (1890s), Turner (1890s), Diller (1900s), and Ransome (1900s). Also of considerable importance are reports on the Mother Lode belt by Knopf and Logan, and reports on the Grass Valley, Alleghany, and Randsburg districts by Johnston, Ferguson and Gannett, and Hulin, respectively. In this bulletin the principal features of each gold-bearing district are described. The longer district descriptions contain sections on the location and extent, history, geology and character of the ore deposits, a list of mines, and a bibliography. Production figures are given whenever possible. Unfortunately, there is scant information available on many important gold mines in the state. The first mention of gold in California was in Las Sergus de Esplandian, a romance published in Spain in 1510, in which "California" was believed to have been a great island north of Mexico where gold and precious stones were abundant. Richard Hakluyt expressed a similar opinion in his The Principall Navigafions Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, published in London in 1589. Hakluyt, in his account of Sir Francis Drake's voyage and 1579 visit to California, stated, "There is no port of the earth here to be taken up wherein there is not a reasonable quantitie of gold and silver". Gold was mined in southern California in the latter part of the 18th and early part of the 19th Centuries under Spanish and Mexican rule, but little has been written on these operations. Soon after the beginning of the gold rush in 1848, many publica- tions were written on various phases of gold mining. The reports of John Trosk, the first State Geologist in 1853-56, described a few important mines. From 1867 to 1876, the U. S. Commissioner of Mineral Statistics prepared reports of mine production and gold-mining activity. The California Mining Bureau, now the California Division of Mines and Geology, was established in 1880, and since then has published a fairly continuous record of gold-mining operations; the later ones appeared in the California Journal of Mines and Geology and the County Report series. The Division has published also a number of bulletins on certain phases of gold mining and reports on various districts and regions. The most popular recent publications are Bulletin 141, Geologic Guidebook along Highway 49—Sierran Gold Belt, The Mother Lode Country, in 1948; and The Elephant as They Saw It, an historical treatise, in 1949. While collecting data for this bulletin, the author became greatly impressed with the vast amount of valuable information that has been amassed by the technical staff of the California Division of Mines and Geology and its predecessor, the California State Mining Bureau. Much of this work was done when this agency had a very small staff and limited funds and when many of the mining districts were accessible only by primitive roads or trails. He would like to pay tribute to a number of former staff members who helped make this bulletin possible. These men worked for this organization during much or all of their professional careers. They were Charles V. Averill, Walter W. Bradley, Fletcher Hamilton, Olaf P. Jenkins, C. McK Laizure, Clarence A. Logan, J. C. O'Brien, Reid J. Sampson, W. H. Storms, W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring, and Charles G. Yale. In 1969 only Jenkins, O'Brien, and Logan were living. A number of other geologists and mining engineers prepared reports on gold mining or gold districts that were published by this agency. These were E. S. Boalich, Stephen Bowers, Ross E. Browne, Henry DeGroot, J. E. Doolittle, R. L. Dunn, A. S. Eakle, H. W. Fairbanks, W. A. Goodyear, C. S. Haley, John Hays Hammond, Paul Henshaw, J. B. Hobson, Emile Huguenin, C. D. Hulin, Charles Janin, Errol MacBoyle, F. J. H. Merrill, E. B. Preston, and W. B. Winston. Tribute also is paid to the U. S. Geological Survey, especially to the three men of that organization who did a vast amount of pioneer work in the Mother Lode region of the Sierra Nevada: Waldemar Lindgren, F. L. Ransome, and H. W. Turner. Others of the Geological Survey who have contributed to knowledge of California's gold deposits have been John Albers, Josiah S. Diller, H. G. Ferguson, D. F. Hewitt, J. M. Hill, W. D. Johnston, Jr., Adolph Knopf, S. C. Creasy, R. W. Gannett, W. Yeend, and L. Noble. During the preparation of this bulletin, the author visited nearly all the districts. At some, only a general reconnaissance was made, but at others all of the important mines were visited. Little detailed geologic mapping was done, but efforts were made in a number of districts to determine the nature and extent of the mineralized zones and vein systems. The publications and files of the California Division of Mines and Geology and the United States Geological Survey, including the folios of the Geologic Atlas of the United States, were important sources of information. The U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 507, The Mining Disfricfs of fhe Western United States (Hill, 1912), was a special source of data. Information on the earlier history of individual districts is found in the reports of the Commissioner of Mining Statistics of the U. 5. Treasury Department (Browne, 1868, and Raymond, 1869-76). Other publications that were consulted included the Mining and Scientific Press, Engineering and Mining Journal, U. S. Bureau of Mines reports and records, and private reports. Some county records were examined. The author was assisted by the following persons who reviewed chapters on certain districts: John Albers, C. A. Bennett, O. E. Bowen, Clarence Carlson, F. F. Davis, Willard Fuller, Earl Hart, Paul Morton, B. W. Troxel, F. H. Weber, and John Wells. Credit is also given to the large number of mine owners and operators, mining engineers, and miners with whom the author became acquainted. The maps and other drawings were drafted by Hugo H. Hawkins, of the Division of Mines and Geology drafting section. 59 CONTENTS Page District County Page FOREWORD iii Coulterville _ AAariposa 41 Cove Kern ABSTRACT xi 42 Crescent Mills _.PIutnas „ 42 INTRODUCTION 1 Damascus... Placer 42 HISTORY OF GOLD MINING IN CALIFORNIA 2 Deer Creek _EI Dorado 43 Deer Valley El Dorado Famous Gold Nuggets 9 43 Diamond AAountain. Lassen 43 Famous High-Grade Pockets - 10 Dobbins Yuba 44 DISTRIBUTION OF GOLD. 11 Down ievi I le Sierra 44 SIERRA NEVADA PROVINCE 15 Duncan Peak Placer 44 Dutch Flat Placer 45 Geology 1 El Dorado El Dorado 45 Lode Deposits 1 Emigrant Gap Placer _ 45 Placer Deposits 15 English Mountain Nevada 46 Erskine Creek Kern 46 Count/ Page District Eureka _Sierra 46 ...Sierra 1 Alleghany Fairplay El Dorado 46 Alto _ Calaveras 24 Fiddletown Amador 46 Tuolumne 24 American Camp.. Fine Gold Madera 47 American Hill ..._Sierra 25 Folsom Sacramento . 47 Angels Camp .... Calaveras. 25 Forbestown Butte . 48 Badger Hill .....Nevada 28 Forest Hill Placer . 49 Bagby... Mariposa 29 French Corral Nevada . 50 Bangor-Wyandotte Butte .-. 29 Fresno River Madera - 50 Bidv/ell Bar Butte 29 Friant _ Fresno . 50 Big Creek... Fresno 30 Genesee.... Plumas . 51 Big Dry Creek. Fresno — 30 Georgetown ..El Dorado . 51 Big Oak Flat Tuolumne 30 Gibsonville Sierra . 51 Bishop Creek Inyo 30 Globe Tulare . 52 Blue Mountain Calaveras 31 Gold Run Placer . 52 Blue Tent Nevada 31 Granite Basin Butte-Plumas . 52 Brandy City Sierra 31 Granite Springs ...Mariposa-Tuolumne . 53 Brown's Valley Yuba 31 Granifeville Nevada - 53 Brownsvil le Yuba 31 Grass Valley Nevada . 53 Buckeye Mariposa 32 Gravel Range _ Mariposa-Tuolumne . _ 60 Butte Creek Butte 32 Greenhorn Mountain. Kern — . 60 Butt Valley Plumas 32 Greenwood El Dorado — . 60 Calaveritas Calaveras 33 Grizzly Flat. ...-EI Dorado — . 61 Camanche-Lancha Plana....Amador, Calaveras, San Grub Gulch Madera - 62 Joaquin.. 33 Hammonton —Yuba . 62 Campo Seco-Valley Hardin Flat... _ Tuolumne . 63 Springs Calaveras 33 Hildreth Madera — .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Old Puzzle of Incommensurate Crystal Structure of Calaverite Aute2 And
    Old puzzle of incommensurate crystal structure of calaverite AuTe2 and predicted stability of novel AuTe compound Sergey V. Streltsova,b,1, Valerii V. Roizenc, Alexey V. Ushakova, Artem R. Oganovc,d, and Daniel I. Khomskiie aDepartment of Theory of Low-Dimensional Spin Systems, Institute of Metal Physics, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia; bDepartment of Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; cComputational Materials Discovery Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; dMaterials Discovery Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Skolkovo, Russian Federation; and eII. Physikalisches Institut, Universitat¨ zu Koln,¨ D-50937 Cologne, Germany Edited by James R. Chelikowsky, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, and accepted by Editorial Board Member John D. Weeks August 14, 2018 (received for review February 15, 2018) Gold is a very inert element, which forms relatively few com- Old Puzzle of Calaverite’s Crystal Structure pounds. Among them is a unique material—mineral calaverite, AuTe2 has a distorted layered CdI2-type structure [the aver- AuTe2. Besides being the only compound in nature from which age structure has space group C 2=m (6)], with triangular layers one can extract gold on an industrial scale, it is a rare exam- of Au with Te atoms in between. However, there is a periodic ple of a natural mineral with incommensurate crystal structure. displacive modulation along the [010] direction, which makes Moreover, it is one of few systems based on Au, which become overall crystal structure incommensurate (7). The mechanism superconducting (at elevated pressure or doped by Pd and Pt).
    [Show full text]
  • Three Library Speakers Series
    THREE LIBRARY SPEAKERS SERIES ARDEN-DIMICK LIBRARY SPEAKERS SERIES OFF CAMPUS, DROP-IN, NO REGISTRATION REQUIRED All programs are on Mondays, 10:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Because the location is a public library, the meetings are open to the public. 891 Watt Avenue, Sacramento 95864 NOTE: Community Room doors on north side open at 9:45 a.m. Leader: Carolyn Martin, [email protected] March 9 How Women Finally Got the Right to Vote – Carolyn Martin The frequently frustrating suffrage struggle celebrated the California victory in 1911. It was an innovative and invigorating campaign. Learn about our State’s leadership, the movement’s background and ultimately national victory in 1920. March 16 Sacramento’s Hidden Art Deco Treasures – Bruce Marwick The Preservation Chair of the Sacramento Art Deco Society will share images of buildings, paintings and sculptures that typify the beautiful art deco period. Sacramento boasts a high concentration of WPA (Works Progress Administration) 1930s projects. His special interest, murals by artists Maynard Dixon, Ralph Stackpole and Millard Sheets will be featured. March 23 Origins of Western Universities – Ed Sherman Along with libraries and museums, our universities act as memory for Western Civilization. How did this happen? March 30 The Politics of Food and Drink – Steve and Susie Swatt Historic watering holes and restaurants played important roles in the temperance movement, suffrage, and the outrageous shenanigans of characters such as Art Samish, the powerful lobbyist for the alcoholic beverage industry. New regulations have changed both the drinking scene and Capitol politics. April 6 Communication Technology and Cultural Change - Phil Lane Searching for better communication has evolved from written language to current technological developments.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Kit Teacher Manual Contents
    Mining Kit Teacher Manual Contents Exploring the Kit: Description and Instructions for Use……………………...page 2 A Brief History of Mining in Colorado ………………………………………page 3 Artifact Photos and Descriptions……………………………………………..page 5 Did You Know That…? Information Cards ………………………………..page 10 Ready, Set, Go! Activity Cards ……………………………………………..page 12 Flash! Photograph Packet…………………………………………………...page 17 Eureka! Instructions and Supplies for Board Game………………………...page 18 Stories and Songs: Colorado’s Mining Frontier ………………………………page 24 Additional Resources…………………………………………………………page 35 Exploring the Kit Help your students explore the artifacts, information, and activities packed inside this kit, and together you will dig into some very exciting history! This kit is for students of all ages, but it is designed to be of most interest to kids from fourth through eighth grades, the years that Colorado history is most often taught. Younger children may require more help and guidance with some of the components of the kit, but there is something here for everyone. Case Components 1. Teacher’s Manual - This guidebook contains information about each part of the kit. You will also find supplemental materials, including an overview of Colorado’s mining history, a list of the songs and stories on the cassette tape, a photograph and thorough description of all the artifacts, board game instructions, and bibliographies for teachers and students. 2. Artifacts – You will discover a set of intriguing artifacts related to Colorado mining inside the kit. 3. Information Cards – The information cards in the packet, Did You Know That…? are written to spark the varied interests of students. They cover a broad range of topics, from everyday life in mining towns, to the environment, to the impact of mining on the Ute Indians, and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Life in Challenge Mills,Yuba County, California,1875–1915, With
    United States Department of Agriculture Life in Challenge Mills, Forest Service Yuba County, California, Pacific Southwest Research Station 1875–1915, With General Technical Report PSW-GTR-239 Emphasis on Its People, January 2013 Homes, and Businesses D E E P R A U R T Philip M. McDonald and Lona F. Lahore T L MENT OF AGRICU The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, status as a parent (in education and training programs and activities), because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program, or retaliation. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs or activities.) If you require this information in alternative format (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.), contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (Voice or TDD). If you require information about this program, activity, or facility in a language other than English, contact the agency office responsible for the program or activity, or any USDA office. To file a complaint alleging discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Features and Ground-Water Storage Capacity of the Sacramento Valley California
    Geologic Features and Ground-Water Storage Capacity of the Sacramento Valley California By F. H. OLMSTED and G. H. DAVIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1497 Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of ff^ater Resources UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director Tlie TT.S. Geological Survey Library catalog card for this publication appears after page 241. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Abstract___________________________________________________ -_ 1 Introduction.-.--- .___-___________-___._--.______-----_ 5 Purpose and scope of the investigation.__________________ ______ 5 Location of area__-__-________-____________-_-___-_-__--____-_- 6 Development of ground water___________________-___-__ ___ __ 7 Acknowledgments....-------- ____________ _________________ 8 Well-numbering system..________________________________ _ 9 Geology--__--_--_--__----_--_-----____----_ --_ ___-__-- 10 Geomorphology_____________________________________________ 10 General features _______________________________________ 10 Mountainous region east of the Sacramento Valley...__________ 11 Sierra Nevada_______________________________________ 11 Cascade Range.._____________________-__--_-__-_---- 13 Plains and foothill region on the east side of the Sacramento Valley..__-_________-_.-____.___________ 14 Dissected alluvial uplands west of the Sierra
    [Show full text]
  • Calaverite Aute2 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic
    Calaverite AuTe2 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m or 2. Bladed and short to slender prisms elongated k [010], striated k [010], to 1 cm; also massive, granular. Twinning: Common on {110}, less common on {031} and {111}. Physical Properties: Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2.5–3 VHN = 197–213 (100 g load). D(meas.) = 9.10–9.40 D(calc.) = 9.31 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Grass-yellow to silver-white; white in reflected light. Streak: Greenish to yellowish gray. Luster: Metallic. Pleochroism: Weak. Anisotropism: Weak. R1–R2: (400) 45.7–54.4, (420) 48.4–57.1, (440) 51.1–59.6, (460) 53.6–61.8, (480) 56.0–63.6, (500) 57.9–65.2, (520) 59.4–66.4, (540) 60.6–67.3, (560) 61.3–68.0, (580) 61.8–68.3, (600) 62.2–68.4, (620) 62.5–68.6, (640) 62.7–68.5, (660) 62.8–68.4, (680) 62.9–68.2, (700) 63.0–68.1 Cell Data: Space Group: C2/m or C2. a = 7.1947(4) b = 4.4146(2) c = 5.0703(3) β =90.038(4)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Cripple Creek, Colorado, USA. 3.02 (10), 2.09 (8), 2.20 (4), 2.93 (3), 1.758 (3), 1.689 (3), 1.506 (3) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) Au 41.66 42.15 43.59 Ag 0.77 0.60 Te 57.87 57.00 56.41 Total 100.30 99.75 100.00 (1) Cripple Creek, Colorado, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Shilling Yosemite Ranch Mariposa County, California Proudly Offered By
    Shilling Yosemite Ranch Mariposa County, California Proudly Offered By 707 Merchant Street, Suite 100, Vacaville, Ca 95688 (707) 455-4444 Office (707) 455-0455 Fax www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com [email protected] BRE#01838294 Introduction Beautiful building site This 3680 +/- acre property is located in Mariposa County about 7 miles from Coulterville, CA . Coulterville is a small community that is a California historical site. The Hotel Jeffery, built in 1854 , entertain the likes of John Muir and President Teddy Roosevelt is still around. Yosemite is just 25 miles away and is America's first and most beautiful National Park. You can actual see Half Dome from the property. The Bay Area is just a little over 2 hours away and you can escape the traffic and stress and be on your ranch in no time. The ranch sits at a perfect elevation below the snow line and above the fog line. The ranch is fenced and cross fenced for livestock, with springs and ponds supplying year round water. You will never run out of things to do: raise livestock, horse back riding, hiking, hunting, vineyards and of course gold mining. This area has a rich mining history dating back to the early gold rush days. The gold mines in Mariposa county lie in three distinctive belts, The West Gold Belt, The East Gold Belt, and The Mother Lode Gold Belt. Shilling Yosemite Ranch lies in the richest area, the Mother Lode Gold Belt and includes three patented mining claims: The Sweetwater Lode, The Southern Cross Lode and The Alta Quartz Lode.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2013 Brian A. Rosen
    © 2013 Brian A. Rosen LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZING ROOM TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS BY BRIAN A. ROSEN DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Paul J.A. Kenis, Chair Professor Richard I. Masel, Retired Assistant Professor Brendan Harley Professor Dana Dlott ABSTRACT Artificial photosynthesis, where one uses electricity from the sun, or wind, to convert water and carbon dioxide into a hydrocarbon fuel could provide a viable route to renewable fuels but so far the results have been stymied because of the lack of a CO 2 conversion catalyst that operates at low overpotentials. In this study we report a catalyst system that shows CO 2 conversion at low overpotentials. The system uses two different catalysts to achieve the conversion. First an ionic liquid or ionic salt is used to catalyze − the formation of a “(CO 2) ” intermediate. Then a transition metal is used to catalyze the − conversion of the “(CO 2) ” intermediate into useful products. CO formation is first observed at -450mV with respect to a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), compared to -800mV in the absence of the ionic liquid. Thus, CO2 conversion to CO can occur without the large energy loss associated with a high overpotential, raising the possibility of practical artificial photosynthesis. The reduction of CO 2 in 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM BF 4) was studied in an H-type electrochemical cell, an in-situ SFG cell, in and in an EXAFS cell.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacifying Paradise: Violence and Vigilantism in San Luis Obispo
    PACIFYING PARADISE: VIOLENCE AND VIGILANTISM IN SAN LUIS OBISPO A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History by Joseph Hall-Patton June 2016 ii © 2016 Joseph Hall-Patton ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Pacifying Paradise: Violence and Vigilantism in San Luis Obispo AUTHOR: Joseph Hall-Patton DATE SUBMITTED: June 2016 COMMITTEE CHAIR: James Tejani, Ph.D. Associate Professor of History COMMITTEE MEMBER: Kathleen Murphy, Ph.D. Associate Professor of History COMMITTEE MEMBER: Kathleen Cairns, Ph.D. Lecturer of History iv ABSTRACT Pacifying Paradise: Violence and Vigilantism in San Luis Obispo Joseph Hall-Patton San Luis Obispo, California was a violent place in the 1850s with numerous murders and lynchings in staggering proportions. This thesis studies the rise of violence in SLO, its causation, and effects. The vigilance committee of 1858 represents the culmination of the violence that came from sweeping changes in the region, stemming from its earliest conquest by the Spanish. The mounting violence built upon itself as extensive changes took place. These changes include the conquest of California, from the Spanish mission period, Mexican and Alvarado revolutions, Mexican-American War, and the Gold Rush. The history of the county is explored until 1863 to garner an understanding of the borderlands violence therein. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………... 1 PART I - CAUSATION…………………………………………………… 12 HISTORIOGRAPHY……………………………………………........ 12 BEFORE CONQUEST………………………………………..…….. 21 WAR……………………………………………………………..……. 36 GOLD RUSH……………………………………………………..….. 42 LACK OF LAW…………………………………………………….…. 45 RACIAL DISTRUST………………………………………………..... 50 OUTSIDE INFLUENCE………………………………………………58 LOCAL CRIME………………………………………………………..67 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • 150 Geologic Facts About California
    California Geological Survey - 150th Anniversary 150 Geologic Facts about California California’s geology is varied and complex. The high mountains and broad valleys we see today were created over long periods of time by geologic processes such as fault movement, volcanism, sea level change, erosion and sedimentation. Below are 150 facts about the geology of California and the California Geological Survey (CGS). General Geology and Landforms 1 California has more than 800 different geologic units that provide a variety of rock types, mineral resources, geologic structures and spectacular scenery. 2 Both the highest and lowest elevations in the 48 contiguous states are in California, only 80 miles apart. The tallest mountain peak is Mt. Whitney at 14,496 feet; the lowest elevation in California and North America is in Death Valley at 282 feet below sea level. 3 California’s state mineral is gold. The Gold Rush of 1849 caused an influx of settlers and led to California becoming the 31st state in 1850. 4 California’s state rock is serpentine. It is apple-green to black in color and is often mottled with light and dark colors, similar to a snake. It is a metamorphic rock typically derived from iron- and magnesium-rich igneous rocks from the Earth’s mantle (the layer below the Earth’s crust). It is sometimes associated with fault zones and often has a greasy or silky luster and a soapy feel. 5 California’s state fossil is the saber-toothed cat. In California, the most abundant fossils of the saber-toothed cat are found at the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Gold and Gravel: a Pictorial History of Mining Operations at Coal Creek
    OF GOLD AND GRAVEL A Pictorial History of Mining Operations at Coal Creek and Woodchopper Creek, 1934–1938 Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve National Park Service Edited and Notes by Chris Allan OF GOLD AND GRAVEL A Pictorial History of Mining Operations at Coal Creek and Woodchopper Creek, 1934–1938 Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve Edited and Notes by Chris Allan 2021 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Lynn Johnson, the granddaughter of Walter Johnson who designed the Coal Creek and Woodchooper Creek dredges; Rachel Cohen of the Alaska and Polar Regions Collections & Archives; and Jeff Rasic, Adam Freeburg, Kris Fister, Brian Renninger, and Lynn Horvath who all helped with editing and photograph selection. For additional copies contact: Chris Allan National Park Service Fairbanks Administrative Center 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 Printed in Fairbanks, Alaska Front Cover: View from the pilot house of the Coal Creek gold dredge showing the bucket line carrying gravel to be processed inside the machine. The bucket line could dig up to twenty-two feet below the surface. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska & Polar Regions Collections and Archives, Stanton Patty Family Papers. Title Page Inset: A stock certificate for Gold Placers, Inc. signed by General Manager Ernest N. Patty, November 16, 1935. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska & Polar Regions Collections and Archives, Stanton Patty Family Papers. Back Cover: Left to right: The mail carrier Adolph “Ed” Biederman, his son Charlie, daughter Doris, the trapper and miner George Beck, Ed’s son Horace, and Jack Welch, the proprietor of Woodchopper Roadhouse. The group is at Slaven’s Roadhouse on the banks of the Yukon River posing with a mammoth tusk recovered from a placer mining tunnel.
    [Show full text]
  • SBL Printkey Asmt Prop Class Parcel Prop Loc St Owner
    NYS - Real Property System Town of Maryland 2021 Final Assesment Roll CRW/V4/L001 Owner Name SBL Printkey Asmt Prop Class Parcel Prop Loc St 2MNY, LLC, 228.00-2-11.00 910 Crumhorn Lake 2MNY, LLC, 228.00-2-15.00 910 Crumhorn Lake 2MNY,LLC, 228.00-2-8.00 311 Crumhorn Lake 4MNY, LLC, 229.00-1-6.00 314 Co Hwy 42 50 Willow Porperty LLC, 212.00-1-30.00 240 Co Hwy 42 6 on 7 LLC, 230.19-1-34.00 311 Main 6 on 7 LLC, 230.19-1-35.00 411 Main 91 Main Street, LLC, 230.19-1-37.00 481 Main Abel, James Otto 245.00-1-49.01 240 Ross Mountain ACD HOLDING CORP., 264.00-1-3.03 311 Co Hwy 41 ACD HOLDING CORP., 264.00-1-6.00 314 Bliven* ACD HOLDING CORP., 264.00-1-7.00 314 Bliven* Ackerson, Robert C. 230.20-1-17.00 210 East Ackerson, Robert C. 230.20-1-68.00 311 Main* Acosta, Pablo 229.00-1-60.00 270 Chaseville Adair, Frederick M. 245.10-1-17.01 270 St Hwy 7 Adair, Frederick M. 245.10-1-18.00 210 St Hwy 7 Adair, Robert 229.00-1-35.00 910 Dog Hill Adair, Robert G. 229.00-1-53.01 240 Dog Hill Adamo, Frank 212.00-1-44.00 240 Chaseville Adams, Russell 212.00-1-35.00 270 Dog Hill Adamski, William T. 279.00-1-8.03 240 Shelton Addorigio, Kimberly 230.00-1-20.00 210 St Hwy 7 Adolfsen-Robinson, Therese A.
    [Show full text]