DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of UASB-DHS System for Treating Industrial Wastewater Containing Ethylene Glycol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of UASB-DHS System for Treating Industrial Wastewater Containing Ethylene Glycol Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.13, No.2, 2015 Development of UASB-DHS System for Treating Industrial Wastewater Containing Ethylene Glycol Takahiro WATARI 1), Daisuke TANIKAWA2), Kyohei KURODA1), Akinobu NAKAMURA1), Nanako FUJII3), Fuminori YONEYAMA3), Osamu WAKISAKA3), Masashi HATAMOTO1), Takashi YAMAGUCHI 1) 1) Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan 2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kure College, 2-1-11 Agaminami, Kure, Hiroshima 737-8506, Japan 3) Fundamental Material Laboratory Office, Material Technology Research and Development Laboratory, Research and Development Headquarters, Sumitomo Riko Company Limited, 3-1 Higashi, Komaki, Aichi 485-8550, Japan ABSTRACT This study evaluated the performance of a novel treatment system consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a downflow hanging sponge (DHS) for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing 8% ethylene glycol and 2% propylene glycol discharged from a rubber production unit. The system achieved high COD removal (91 ± 4.3%) and methane recovery (82 ± 20%) at an organic loading rate of 8.5 kg-COD/(m3·day). The UASB allowed an organic loading rate of 14 kg-COD/(m3·day) with a constant hydraulic retention time of 24 h. The COD of DHS effluent was 370 ± 250 mg-COD/L during the entire experimental period. Thus, the proposed system could be applicable for treating industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol. Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing elucidated the microbial community structure of the UASB. The dominant family Pelobacteriaceae could mainly degrade the organic compounds of ethylene glycol and decomposed products of ethanol. In Archaea, the hydrogenotrophic methanogen family Methanobacteriaceae was predominant in UASB granular sludge. Keywords: downflow hanging sponge, ethylene glycol, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket INTRODUCTION Ethylene glycol is produced by the conversion of ethylene to the intermediate ethylene oxide and then to ethylene glycol. It is used in many industries as a raw material for polyester fibers and for polyethylene terephthalate resins used in bottling and anti-/de-icing fluids. Several industries, such as the manufacture of rubber products, discharge high-strength industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol. This is usually treated by conventional aerobic processes such as an activated sludge system (Bieszkiewicz et al., 1978; Kilroy and Gray, 1992). However, this system has disadvantages like high operation costs, large space requirements, and the discharge of excess sludge. Therefore, applying an anaerobic treatment system is economically viable for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol. Previous researches reported that ethylene glycol has high biodegradability under anaerobic condition (Means and Anderson, 1981; Dwyer and Tiedje, 1983). However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report for applying an anaerobic treatment system for treating industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol. Address correspondence to Takashi Yamaguchi, Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Email: [email protected] Received June 3, 2014, Accepted October 3, 2014. - 131 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.13, No.2, 2015 Anaerobic treatment has been widely applied for treating different types of industrial wastewater. Previous studies have demonstrated the performance of anaerobic treatment for treating many types of medium- and high-strength industrial wastewater (Chan et al., 2009). Of anaerobic treatment systems, the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system is one of the most promising systems. The highlights of UASB include high organic loading rates (OLRs), low operational costs, and energy recovery in the form of methane. UASB reactors are especially preferred for treating highly polluted industrial wastewaters because of their high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal capacity (Lettinga and Hulshoff Pol, 1991; Rajeshwari et al., 2000). However, the effluent from the UASB treatment of such high-strength industrial wastewater still contains high concentrations of organic compounds. Thus, aerobic systems are usually applied as post-treatment to remove residual organic matter and achieve permissible effluent standards (Chan et al., 2009). Our research group has been developing a combined anaerobic-aerobic system consisting of a UASB and a downflow hanging sponge (DHS) as an energy-saving wastewater treatment system (Tandukar et al., 2007). DHS is an aerobic trickling filter system that uses sponge as the supporting medium (Takahashi et al., 2004), and it has been used for treating various industrial wastewaters (El-Kamah et al., 2011; Onodera et al., 2013). First, UASB removes most of the organic compounds and converts them to methane. Then, DHS removes residual organic compounds in the effluent to achieve the permissible standard for discharge. In this study, a combination of UASB and DHS reactors was used for the treatment of high-strength industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol. We also observed the 16S rRNA genes in UASB granular sludge to understand the microbial communities treating industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Raw wastewater In this study, industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol and propylene glycol was used. It was continuously discharged during the manufacturing process of glycol entrapping some rubber products. The wastewater was stored at normal temperature and the characteristics of the raw wastewater are shown in Table 1. Table 1 - Characteristics of raw wastewater. Parameter Units Concentration pH 7.5 SS mg/L 88 Total-COD mg-COD/L 203,000 Soluble-COD mg-COD/L 183,000 Total nitrogen (TN) mg-N/L 130 Total phosphorus mg-P/L 4.24 (TP) - 132 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.13, No.2, 2015 Reactor system description and operational conditions Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed treatment system, which consisted of UASB and DHS reactors. The UASB reactor (height: 0.90 m) was equipped with a gas-solid separator and three sampling ports. It had a working volume of 10 L. It was seeded with mesophilic granular sludge obtained from another UASB reactor treating wastewater from the food industry (mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) = 32.8 g-MLSS/L, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) = 22.2 g-MLVSS/L). The DHS reactor had a height of 0.80 m. The distributor was connected at the top of DHS reactor to ensure the equal distribution of UASB effluent to the DHS sponge media. Square sponge cubes (dimensions: 30 mm × 30 mm × 30 mm) covered by a plastic net ring were used as media. The sponge media was placed on 2 stages of the DHS reactor to increase an air supply and improvement of maintenance and sampling. The reactor volume and sponge volume of the DHS reactor were 11 L and 5.7 L, respectively. The reactors were placed in a temperature-controlled (35°C) room. The influent of the reactor was raw wastewater that was diluted to the appropriate COD concentration using tap water. DHS effluent was recirculated to the UASB influent to reduce the amount of tap water used for dilution (circulation ratio: 5) and its alkalinity was adjusted using 1.0 g-NaHCO3/g-COD of sodium bicarbonate. The COD:N:P ratio was adjusted to 100:10:1 using ammonium chloride and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. A summary of the initial wastewater composition for the three operating phases is shown in Table 2. The wastewater was stored at 7°C. Fig. 1 - Schematic diagram of the UASB and DHS combined system, (1) substrate reservoir; (2) pump; (3) – (5) sampling port (6) gas-solid separator; (7) mixer; (8) water seal; (9) desulfurizer; (10) gas meter; (11) distributor; (12) recirculation pump. Table 2 - Initial wastewater compositions for the three operating phases. Operation phase 1 2 3 Day 190-222 223-300 301-355 Total COD (mg-COD/L) 6,000 8,000 13,000 NH4Cl (mg/L) 22 28 18 K2HPO4 (mg/L) 2.8 3.92 6.72 NaHCO3 (mg/L) 600 940 1,440 - 133 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.13, No.2, 2015 Analytical methods Samples of the influent, UASB effluent, and DHS effluent were collected for routine analysis. pH was measured using a portable pH meter (AS-212, Horiba, Japan). COD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were determined using a HACH water quality analyzer (DR-2800, HACH, USA). Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were determined using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-1700, Shimadzu, Japan). Biogas production was measured using a wet gas meter (WS-1A, Shinagawa, Japan) after desulfurization. Biogas composition was analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (GC-8A, Shimadzu). Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing Sludge samples were collected from the sampling ports (at heights of 20 cm, 35 cm, and 50 cm) of the UASB reactor on day 317 (OLR: 14 kg-COD/(m3·day)). These samples were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 10 mM Na2HPO4·12H2O, and 1.8 mM KH2PO4) and homogenized using an ultrasonic homogenizer (UH-50, MMT, Japan). DNA was extracted using a Fast DNA SPIN Kit for Soil (MP Biomedicals, USA), and the DNA concentration was measured using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (ND-2000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). PCR amplification was performed using universal primer 515F (5′-GTG CCA GCM GCC GCG GTA A-3′) and reverse primer 806R (5’-GGA CTA CHV GGG TWT CTA AT-3’) with annealing temperature of 50°C (Turner et al., 1999; Walters et al., 2011). PCR products were purified using a MinElute PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN, USA). Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing and data analysis were performed on the basis of the methods of Caporaso et al. (2012). Sequencing data analysis was conducted using quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME) software package ver.1.7.0. (Caporaso et al., 2010). Taxonomic classification was determined using the Greengenes database ver.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information for Microbial Electrochemical Systems Outperform Fixed-Bed Biofilters for Cleaning-Up Urban Wastewater
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplementary information for Microbial Electrochemical Systems outperform fixed-bed biofilters for cleaning-up urban wastewater AUTHORS: Arantxa Aguirre-Sierraa, Tristano Bacchetti De Gregorisb, Antonio Berná, Juan José Salasc, Carlos Aragónc, Abraham Esteve-Núñezab* Fig.1S Total nitrogen (A), ammonia (B) and nitrate (C) influent and effluent average values of the coke and the gravel biofilters. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Fig. 2S Influent and effluent COD (A) and BOD5 (B) average values of the hybrid biofilter and the hybrid polarized biofilter. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Fig. 3S Redox potential measured in the coke and the gravel biofilters Fig. 4S Rarefaction curves calculated for each sample based on the OTU computations. Fig. 5S Correspondence analysis biplot of classes’ distribution from pyrosequencing analysis. Fig. 6S. Relative abundance of classes of the category ‘other’ at class level. Table 1S Influent pre-treated wastewater and effluents characteristics. Averages ± SD HRT (d) 4.0 3.4 1.7 0.8 0.5 Influent COD (mg L-1) 246 ± 114 330 ± 107 457 ± 92 318 ± 143 393 ± 101 -1 BOD5 (mg L ) 136 ± 86 235 ± 36 268 ± 81 176 ± 127 213 ± 112 TN (mg L-1) 45.0 ± 17.4 60.6 ± 7.5 57.7 ± 3.9 43.7 ± 16.5 54.8 ± 10.1 -1 NH4-N (mg L ) 32.7 ± 18.7 51.6 ± 6.5 49.0 ± 2.3 36.6 ± 15.9 47.0 ± 8.8 -1 NO3-N (mg L ) 2.3 ± 3.6 1.0 ± 1.6 0.8 ± 0.6 1.5 ± 2.0 0.9 ± 0.6 TP (mg
    [Show full text]
  • Constraint-Based Modeling Analysis of the Metabolism of Two Pelobacter Species Jun Sun1*, Shelley a Haveman2,3, Olivia Bui1, Tom R Fahland1,4, Derek R Lovley2
    Sun et al. BMC Systems Biology 2010, 4:174 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1752-0509/4/174 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Constraint-based modeling analysis of the metabolism of two Pelobacter species Jun Sun1*, Shelley A Haveman2,3, Olivia Bui1, Tom R Fahland1,4, Derek R Lovley2 Abstract Background: Pelobacter species are commonly found in a number of subsurface environments, and are unique members of the Geobacteraceae family. They are phylogenetically intertwined with both Geobacter and Desulfuromonas species. Pelobacter species likely play important roles in the fermentative degradation of unusual organic matters and syntrophic metabolism in the natural environments, and are of interest for applications in bioremediation and microbial fuel cells. Results: In order to better understand the physiology of Pelobacter species, genome-scale metabolic models for Pelobacter carbinolicus and Pelobacter propionicus were developed. Model development was greatly aided by the availability of models of the closely related Geobacter sulfurreducens and G. metallireducens. The reconstructed P. carbinolicus model contains 741 genes and 708 reactions, whereas the reconstructed P. propionicus model contains 661 genes and 650 reactions. A total of 470 reactions are shared among the two Pelobacter models and the two Geobacter models. The different reactions between the Pelobacter and Geobacter models reflect some unique metabolic capabilities such as fermentative growth for both Pelobacter species. The reconstructed Pelobacter models were validated by simulating published growth conditions including fermentations, hydrogen production in syntrophic co-culture conditions, hydrogen utilization, and Fe(III) reduction. Simulation results matched well with experimental data and indicated the accuracy of the models. Conclusions: We have developed genome-scale metabolic models of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Metagenomes of Native and Electrode-Enriched Microbial Communities from the Soudan Iron Mine Jonathan P
    Metagenomes of native and electrode-enriched microbial communities from the Soudan Iron Mine Jonathan P. Badalamenti and Daniel R. Bond Department of Microbiology and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA Twitter: @JonBadalamenti @wanderingbond Summary Approach - compare metagenomes from native and electrode-enriched deep subsurface microbial communities 30 Despite apparent carbon limitation, anoxic deep subsurface brines at the Soudan ) enriched 2 Underground Iron Mine harbor active microbial communities . To characterize these 20 A/cm µ assemblages, we performed shotgun metagenomics of native and enriched samples. enrich ( harvest cells collect inoculate +0.24 V extract 10 Follwing enrichment on poised electrodes and long read sequencing, we recovered Soudan brine electrode 20° C from DNA biodreactors current electrodes from the metagenome the closed, circular genome of a novel Desulfuromonas sp. 0 0 10 20 30 40 filtrate PacBio RS II Illumina HiSeq with remarkable genomic features that were not fully resolved by short read assem- extract time (d) long reads short reads TFF DNA unenriched bly alone. This organism was essentially absent in unenriched Soudan communities, 0.1 µm retentate assembled metagenomes reconstruct long read return de novo complete genome(s) assembly indicating that electrodes are highly selective for putative metal reducers. Native HGAP assembly community metagenomes suggest that carbon cycling is driven by methyl-C me- IDBA_UD 1 hybrid tabolism, in particular methylotrophic methanogenesis. Our results highlight the 3 µm prefilter assembly N4 binning promising potential for long reads in metagenomic surveys of low-diversity environ- borehole N4 binning read trimming and filtering brine de novo ments.
    [Show full text]
  • Uneven Distribution of Cobamide Biosynthesis and Dependence in Bacteria Predicted by Comparative Genomics
    The ISME Journal (2018) 13:789–804 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0304-9 ARTICLE Uneven distribution of cobamide biosynthesis and dependence in bacteria predicted by comparative genomics 1 1 1 1,2 3,4 3 Amanda N. Shelton ● Erica C. Seth ● Kenny C. Mok ● Andrew W. Han ● Samantha N. Jackson ● David R. Haft ● Michiko E. Taga1 Received: 7 June 2018 / Revised: 14 September 2018 / Accepted: 4 October 2018 / Published online: 14 November 2018 © The Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access Abstract The vitamin B12 family of cofactors known as cobamides are essential for a variety of microbial metabolisms. We used comparative genomics of 11,000 bacterial species to analyze the extent and distribution of cobamide production and use across bacteria. We find that 86% of bacteria in this data set have at least one of 15 cobamide-dependent enzyme families, but only 37% are predicted to synthesize cobamides de novo. The distribution of cobamide biosynthesis and use vary at the phylum level. While 57% of Actinobacteria are predicted to biosynthesize cobamides, only 0.6% of Bacteroidetes have the complete pathway, yet 96% of species in this phylum have cobamide-dependent enzymes. The form of cobamide produced 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: by the bacteria could be predicted for 58% of cobamide-producing species, based on the presence of signature lower ligand biosynthesis and attachment genes. Our predictions also revealed that 17% of bacteria have partial biosynthetic pathways, yet have the potential to salvage cobamide precursors. Bacteria with a partial cobamide biosynthesis pathway include those in a newly defined, experimentally verified category of bacteria lacking the first step in the biosynthesis pathway.
    [Show full text]
  • Synchronized Dynamics of Bacterial Nichespecific Functions During
    Synchronized dynamics of bacterial niche-specific functions during biofilm development in a cold seep brine pool Item Type Article Authors Zhang, Weipeng; Wang, Yong; Bougouffa, Salim; Tian, Renmao; Cao, Huiluo; Li, Yongxin; Cai, Lin; Wong, Yue Him; Zhang, Gen; Zhou, Guowei; Zhang, Xixiang; Bajic, Vladimir B.; Al-Suwailem, Abdulaziz M.; Qian, Pei-Yuan Citation Synchronized dynamics of bacterial niche-specific functions during biofilm development in a cold seep brine pool 2015:n/a Environmental Microbiology Eprint version Post-print DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.12978 Publisher Wiley Journal Environmental Microbiology Rights This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Zhang, Weipeng, Yong Wang, Salim Bougouffa, Renmao Tian, Huiluo Cao, Yongxin Li, Lin Cai et al. "Synchronized dynamics of bacterial niche-specific functions during biofilm development in a cold seep brine pool." Environmental microbiology (2015)., which has been published in final form at http:// doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1462-2920.12978. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. Download date 25/09/2021 02:54:27 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/561085 Synchronized dynamics of bacterial niche-specific functions during biofilm development in a cold seep brine pool1 Weipeng Zhang1, Yong Wang2, Salim Bougouffa3, Renmao Tian1, Huiluo Cao1, Yongxin Li1 Lin Cai1, Yue Him Wong1, Gen Zhang1, Guowei Zhou1, Xixiang Zhang3, Vladimir B Bajic3, Abdulaziz Al-Suwailem3, Pei-Yuan Qian1,2# 1KAUST Global
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Pelobacter
    s Genu Pelobacter The Genus Pelobacter BERNHARD SCHINK The genus Pelobacter was proposed as a taxonomic entity Viable counts using the characteristic substrates consisting of strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, nonspore- gallic acid, acetoin, polyethylene glycol, and forming, rod-shaped bacteria that use only a very limited acetylene showed that there were approximately number of substrates. The members of the genus are all 100 cells/ml of each of the Pelobacter species in unable to ferment sugars and therefore cannot be grouped sediment and up to 2,500 cells/ml in sewage with any other genus in the family Bacteroidaceae (Krieg and Holt, 1984). The genus comprises five different species, P. sludge. Since their substrate ranges are compa- acidigallici (Schink and Pfennig, 1982), P. venetianus (Schink rably small, their ecological niche in such sedi- and Sti eb, 1983), P. carbinolicus (Schink, 1984), P. propioni- ments can be understood rather well in most cus (Schink, 1984), and P. acetylenicus (Schink, 1985), which cases. P. acidigallici is restricted to the utilization all are based on 3–5 described strains. of trihydroxybenzenoids, which are probably its Comparisons of the various Pelobacter species by DNA- only energy source in its natural habitat. P. vene- DNA hybridization experiments revealed that the genus is tianus, P. carbinolicus, P. propionicus, and P. rather inhomogenous; therefore, a reorganization may per- acetylenicus were enriched and isolated with haps be necessary in the future (J. P. Touzel and B. Schink, polyethylene glycol, 2,3-butanediol, and acety- unpublished observations). Whereas the species P. vene- lene, respectively, but the ecological importance tianus, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Fermentation of Acetylene by an Obligate Anaerobe, Pelobacter Acetylenicus Sp
    Archives of Arch Microbiol (1985) 142: 295- 301 Microbiology Springer-Verlag 1985 Fermentation of acetylene by an obligate anaerobe, Pelobacter acetylenicus sp. nov. * Bernhard Schink Fakult/it ffir Biologie, Universit/it Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D-7750 Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany Abstract. Four strains of strictly anaerobic Gram-negative tion reactions (Schink 1985a). No significant anaerobic rod-shaped non-sporeforming bacteria were enriched and degradation could be observed with ethylene (ethene), the isolated from marine and freshwater sediments with acety- most simple unsaturated hydrocarbon (Schink 1985 a, b). lene (ethine) as sole source of carbon and energy. Acetylene, It was reported recently that also acetylene can be metab- acetoin, ethanolamine, choline, 1,2-propanediol, and glyc- olized in the absence of molecular oxygen (Watanabe and erol were the only substrates utilized for growth, the latter de Guzman 1980). Enrichment cultures with acetylene as two only in the presence of small amounts of acetate. Sub- sole carbon source were obtained in mineral media with strates were fermented by disproportionation to acetate and sulfate as electron acceptor, and acetate could be identified ethanol or the respective higher acids and alcohols. No as an intermediary metabolite (Culbertson et al. 1981). How- cytochromes were detectable; the guanine plus cytosine ever, these enrichment cultures were difficult to maintain, content of the DNA was 57.1 _+ 0.2 tool%. Alcohol dehy- and the acetylene-degrading bacteria could not be identified drogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, phosphate acetyl- (C. W. Culbertson and R. S. Oremland, Abstr. 3rd Int. transferase, and acetate kinase were found in high activities Syrup.
    [Show full text]
  • (Pelobacter) and Methanococcoides Are Responsible for Choline-Dependent Methanogenesis in a Coastal Saltmarsh Sediment
    The ISME Journal https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0269-8 ARTICLE Deltaproteobacteria (Pelobacter) and Methanococcoides are responsible for choline-dependent methanogenesis in a coastal saltmarsh sediment 1 1 1 2 3 1 Eleanor Jameson ● Jason Stephenson ● Helen Jones ● Andrew Millard ● Anne-Kristin Kaster ● Kevin J. Purdy ● 4 5 1 Ruth Airs ● J. Colin Murrell ● Yin Chen Received: 22 January 2018 / Revised: 11 June 2018 / Accepted: 26 July 2018 © The Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access Abstract Coastal saltmarsh sediments represent an important source of natural methane emissions, much of which originates from quaternary and methylated amines, such as choline and trimethylamine. In this study, we combine DNA stable isotope 13 probing with high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and C2-choline enriched metagenomes, followed by metagenome data assembly, to identify the key microbes responsible for methanogenesis from choline. Microcosm 13 incubation with C2-choline leads to the formation of trimethylamine and subsequent methane production, suggesting that 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: choline-dependent methanogenesis is a two-step process involving trimethylamine as the key intermediate. Amplicon sequencing analysis identifies Deltaproteobacteria of the genera Pelobacter as the major choline utilizers. Methanogenic Archaea of the genera Methanococcoides become enriched in choline-amended microcosms, indicating their role in methane formation from trimethylamine. The binning of metagenomic DNA results in the identification of bins classified as Pelobacter and Methanococcoides. Analyses of these bins reveal that Pelobacter have the genetic potential to degrade choline to trimethylamine using the choline-trimethylamine lyase pathway, whereas Methanococcoides are capable of methanogenesis using the pyrrolysine-containing trimethylamine methyltransferase pathway.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyamine Distribution Profiles Among Some Members Within Delta-And Epsilon-Subclasses of Proteobacteria
    Microbiol. Cult. Coll. June. 2004. p. 3 ― 8 Vol. 20, No. 1 Polyamine Distribution Profiles among Some Members within Delta-and Epsilon-Subclasses of Proteobacteria Koei Hamana1）＊, Tomoko Saito1）, Mami Okada1）, and Masaru Niitsu2） 1）Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, 39- 15 Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan 2）Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Keyakidai 1-chome-1, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan Cellular polyamines of 18 species（13 genera）belonging to the delta and epsilon subclasses of the class Proteobacteria were analyzed by HPLC and GC. In the delta subclass, the four marine myxobacteria（the order Myxococcales）, Enhygromyxa salina, Haliangium ochroceum, Haliangium tepidum and Plesiocystis pacifica contained spermidine. Fe（III）-reducing two Geobacter species and two Pelobacter species belonging to the order Desulfuromonadales con- tained spermidine. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was absent in cellular polyamines. Bacteriovorax starrii contained putrescine and spermidine. Bacteriovorax stolpii contained spermidine and homo- spermidine. Spermidine was the major polyamine in the sulfate-reducing delta proteobacteria belonging to the genera Desulfovibrio, Desulfacinum, Desulfobulbus, Desulfococcus and Desulfurella, and some species of them contained cadaverine. Within the epsilon subclass, three Sulfurospirillum species ubiquitously contained spermidine and one of the three contained sper- midine and cadaverine. Thiomicrospora denitrificans contained cadaverine and spermidine as the major polyamine. These data show that cellular polyamine profiles can be used as a chemotaxonomic marker within delta and epsilon subclasses. Key words: polyamine, spermidine, homospermidine, Proteobacteria The class Proteobacteria is a major taxon of the 18, 26）. Fe（Ⅲ）-reducing members belonging to the gen- domain Bacteria and is phylogenetically divided into the era Pelobacter, Geobacter, Desulfuromonas and alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subclasses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genome of Pelobacter Carbinolicus Reveals
    Aklujkar et al. BMC Genomics 2012, 13:690 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/690 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The genome of Pelobacter carbinolicus reveals surprising metabolic capabilities and physiological features Muktak Aklujkar1*, Shelley A Haveman1, Raymond DiDonato Jr1, Olga Chertkov2, Cliff S Han2, Miriam L Land3, Peter Brown1 and Derek R Lovley1 Abstract Background: The bacterium Pelobacter carbinolicus is able to grow by fermentation, syntrophic hydrogen/formate transfer, or electron transfer to sulfur from short-chain alcohols, hydrogen or formate; it does not oxidize acetate and is not known to ferment any sugars or grow autotrophically. The genome of P. carbinolicus was sequenced in order to understand its metabolic capabilities and physiological features in comparison with its relatives, acetate-oxidizing Geobacter species. Results: Pathways were predicted for catabolism of known substrates: 2,3-butanediol, acetoin, glycerol, 1,2-ethanediol, ethanolamine, choline and ethanol. Multiple isozymes of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, ATP synthase and [FeFe]-hydrogenase were differentiated and assigned roles according to their structural properties and genomic contexts. The absence of asparagine synthetase and the presence of a mutant tRNA for asparagine encoded among RNA-active enzymes suggest that P. carbinolicus may make asparaginyl-tRNA in a novel way. Catabolic glutamate dehydrogenases were discovered, implying that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle can function catabolically. A phosphotransferase system for uptake of sugars was discovered, along with enzymes that function in 2,3-butanediol production. Pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase was identified as a potential bottleneck in both the supply of oxaloacetate for oxidation of acetate by the TCA cycle and the connection of glycolysis to production of ethanol.
    [Show full text]
  • Disentangling the Syntrophic Electron Transfer Mechanisms of Candidatus Geobacter Eutrophica Through Electrochemical Stimulation
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Disentangling the syntrophic electron transfer mechanisms of Candidatus geobacter eutrophica through electrochemical stimulation and machine learning Heyang Yuan1,2*, Xuehao Wang1, Tzu‑Yu Lin1, Jinha Kim1 & Wen‑Tso Liu1* Interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) are two syntrophy models for methanogenesis. Their relative importance in methanogenic environments is still unclear. Our recent discovery of a novel species Candidatus Geobacter eutrophica with the genetic potential of IHT and DIET may serve as a model species to address this knowledge gap. To experimentally demonstrate its DIET ability, we performed electrochemical enrichment of Ca. G. eutrophica‑dominating communities under 0 and 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl based on the presumption that DIET and extracellular electron transfer (EET) share similar metabolic pathways. After three batches of enrichment, Geobacter OTU650, which was phylogenetically close to Ca. G. eutrophica, was outcompeted in the control but remained abundant and active under electrochemical stimulation, indicating Ca. G. eutrophica’s EET ability. The high‑quality draft genome further showed high phylogenomic similarity with Ca. G. eutrophica, and the genes encoding outer membrane cytochromes and enzymes for hydrogen metabolism were actively expressed. A Bayesian network was trained with the genes encoding enzymes for alcohol metabolism, hydrogen metabolism, EET, and methanogenesis from dominant fermentative bacteria, Geobacter, and Methanobacterium. Methane production could not be accurately predicted when the genes for IHT were in silico knocked out, inferring its more important role in methanogenesis. The genomics‑enabled machine learning modeling approach can provide predictive insights into the importance of IHT and DIET. Anaerobic digestion is widely used to convert high-strength waste streams to biogas.
    [Show full text]