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Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence: a Combined Demographic and Psychometric Approach Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1994 Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence: A Combined Demographic and Psychometric Approach. Sandra Cook Friedberg Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Friedberg, Sandra Cook, "Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence: A Combined Demographic and Psychometric Approach." (1994). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5793. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5793 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9508566 Estimation of premorbid intelligence: A combined demographic and psychometric approach Friedberg, Sandra Cook, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1994 U-M-I 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 ESTIMATION OF PREMORBID INTELLIGENCE: A COMBINED DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State university and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Psychology by Sandra Cook Friedberg B.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1972 M.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1986 August 1994 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express her gratitude to the members of her committee, Dr. Brain Bornstein, Dr. William Waters, and Dr. Donald Williamson for their assistance throughout all phases of this study. Sincere appreciation is extended to Dr. William Drew Gouvier, who served a committee chairperson. His enthusiastic support and encouragement were invaluable. Special thanks are given to James H. Dupuis, Jr. and Kelley Hebert for their valuable assistance with data collection and statistical analyses. To Louise C. Smith and Donna Pontiff, most sincere thanks are offered for their encouragement and words of wisdom throughout this project. To the writer's husband, Dr. Ted Friedberg, who provided constant understanding and support, and graciously allowed the "rules" to keep changing, a deep gratitude and love are expressed. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................ v ABSTRACT .............................................. vi CHAPTER I .............................................. 1 Introduction ........................................ 1 Historical Basis of Estimating Premorbid Intelligence ..................................... 2 Current Methods of Estimating Premorbid Intelligence ..................................... 5 Present Ability Estimation ................. 6 Wechsler Vocabulary Subtest ............. 6 National Adult Reading Test Performance . 8 Demographic Estimation ...................... 16 WAIS Regression Equations ............... 16 WAIS-R Regression Equations ............. 24 C o n c l u s i o n ...................................... 31 R a t i o n a l e ...............................................34 Study 1 .......................................... 39 Study 2 .......................................... 40 CHAPTER I I ................................................. 42 M e t h o d ................................................. 42 S u b j e c t s ........................................ 42 Non-clinical Sample ...................... 42 Clinical Sample .......................... 44 M a t e r i a l s ........................................ 44 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - R e v i s e d ....................................46 National Adult Reading Test ............. 46 P r o c e d u r e ........................................ 47 Non-clinical Subjects .................... 47 Clinical Subjects ........................ 47 Data Analyses ....................................47 Study 1 ...................................... 47 Study 2 ...................................... 48 CHAPTER I I I ...............................................50 Results ...............................................50 Study 1 .......................................... 50 Hypothesis 1 ................................. 50 Hypothesis 2 . 52 Hypothesis 3 ................................. 53 iii Study 2 ....................................... 56 Hypothesis 1 ................................. 60 Hypothesis 2 ................................. 61 Hypothesis 3 ................................. 61 Hypothesis 4 ................................. 62 CHAPTER I V .................................................65 D i s c u s s i o n ............................................ 65 REFERENCES .............................................. 7 3 APPENDIX A Medical and Psychological Screening for Control S u b j e c t s ..........................................8 2 APPENDIX B Informed Consent - Control Subjects................ 83 APPENDIX C Informed Consent - CHI Subjects................... 84 APPENDIX D The National Adult Reading Test (NART) ............ 85 VITA .....................................................86 iv LIST OF TABLES 1- Demographic Characteristics of the Subject Groups. 45 2. Obtained and Estimated WAIS-R IQs for Group 1 (Development) Sample ............................... 51 3. Means and Standard Deviations of Obtained and Estimated I Q s ....................................... 54 4. Discrepancies Between Obtained and Estimated WAIS-R I Q ........................................... 55 5. Comparison of WAIS-R IQ Estimation Methods in Three Studies.....................................59 v ABSTRACT A combined demographic and present abilities approach to estimate premorbid intellectual functioning was developed and cross validated on unimpaired and closed head injured subjects. The non-clinical sample included 75 non- neurologically impaired individuals divided into two groups. The development sample (n=50) was used to generate linear regression equations to estimate WAIS-R IQs from the estimated Barona IQ score (Barona, Reynolds, & Chastain, 1984) plus error score on the National Adult Reading Test (NART; Nelson, 1982). The cross-validation sample (n=25) were individually matched to the clinical subjects on age, education, gender, and race variables. The clinical sample included 25 severe closed head injured (CHI) patients within one year post injury. First, NART performance was shown to be a valid present abilities measure for the estimation of premorbid intelligence. NART performance was shown to be stable in patients with severe head injury. Correlations between obtained WAIS-R IQs and estimated NART IQs (Ryan & Paolo, 1992) were .84, .82, and .75 for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively. Mean NART error scores and estimated NART IQs were the same for CHI patients and matched controls, while mean obtained WAIS-R IQs were significantly lower for the CHI group. The discrepancy between obtained WAIS-R IQs and estimated NART IQs was significantly larger for CHI subjects than for matched normal controls. Next, regression eguations to estimate WAIS-R IQs were developed by combining a stable measure of performance (NART error score) with the Barona et al. (1984) demographic estimation of WAIS-R IQs. The variance accounted for by the combined NART-Barona regression equations was 74.39% for FSIQ, 75.90% for VIQ, and 57.19% for PIQ. Standard errors of estimate were 8.56, 8.39, and 10.34 for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively. For the normal cross-validation sample, the correlations between obtained WAIS-R IQs and the NART- Barona estimated IQs ranged from .76 to .87. Estimated NART-Barona IQs were similar for CHI patients and matched controls. The discrepancy between estimated IQs and obtained WAIS-R IQs was significantly less for the combined NART-Barona method than
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