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Home , Coleman Carroll, Francis Carroll, Monsignor

The Visit of a Future to John C. Bates, Esq.

The canonization on October 14, 2018 of Pope Paul VI as a University from which he graduated in 1930, winning the univer- occasioned memories of the arrival of then- Giovanni sity’s annual oratorical contest in his senior year.3 He undertook Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini to Pittsburgh in Septem- graduate studies in philosophy at the University of Fribourg in ber 1951 to visit the family and the grave of Monsignor Walter Switzerland, from which he received a doctorate in 1933. He then S. Carroll – Montini’s closest American co-worker and a highly attended the North American College in Rome, taking theology at respected Vatican diplomat. the Pontifical Gregorian University, which granted him a licenti- ate in 1936. He subsequently studied law at the Apollinare Montini’s Background Institute and received a doctorate in January 1940. He also un- The future pope was born in Concesio in the Diocese of Brescia dertook special studies at the Universities of Tours, Florence, and in northwestern Italy on September 26, 1897. He was ordained a Perugia, and became fluent in several languages. priest in May 1920 at age 22. In 1922, he entered the service of the Vatican’s Secretariat of State in Rome, where he would work During his studies, Walter Carroll was ordained a priest in the with American Father Francis J. Spellman. In 1937, Montini was chapel of the North American College in Rome on December 8, appointed Substitute (Sostituto) Secretary for Ordinary Affairs un- 1935 by Francesco Cardinal Marchetti-Selvaggiani, the vicar of der papal Secretary of State Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli. After Pacelli Rome. Present at the ceremony was the seminary , was elected pope (Pius XII) in 1939,1 Montini continued his role Ralph L. Hayes, who was a native of Pittsburgh.4 While continuing as chief of staff under the new Secretary of State, Luigi Cardinal his studies after ordination, Father Carroll also did parish work in Maglione. Upon the latter’s death in 1944, Montini was appointed Rome and England and served temporarily in the Vatican Secre- Pro-Secretary of State. tariat of State in 1939. The young priest returned to Pittsburgh in late February 1940 and on March 3 offered his First Mass in The outbreak of World War II thrust Montini into a pivotal role as America at Our Lady of the Most Blessed Sacrament Church in Pius XII directed Montini to create an information office to deal the East Hills neighborhood of Pittsburgh. That had become the with prisoners of war and refugees. Between 1939 and 1947 that parish for his widowed mother, who was then residing at 8521 office received almost ten million requests for information and Frankstown Road.5 Bishop Hugh C. Boyle promptly appointed produced over eleven million replies.2 Working under Montini was Father Walter Carroll as assistant of St. Basil Parish in Car- a young Pittsburgh priest, Walter S. Carroll. rick, but six months later approved Rome’s request that the young priest be granted leave to accept an appointment to the Secretariat The Three Carroll Brothers of State in September 1940.6 Walter Sharp Carroll (1908-1950) was the youngest of the three sons of Irish immigrants William J. and Bridget Margaret (Ho- Walter S. Carroll became only the third American to serve in gan) Carroll. The family belonged to Holy Rosary Parish in the the Secretariat of State – Francis J. Spellman, who later became section of Pittsburgh. The priest-diplomat’s two of New York, was the first; Joseph P. Hurley, who older priest-brothers were Howard Joseph Carroll (1902-1960) became archbishop-bishop of St. Augustine, was the second.7 As and Coleman Francis Carroll (1905-1977), both of whom became a special envoy of Pope Pius XII during World War II, Carroll had members of the hierarchy. Howard served from 1938 to 1944 as responsibility for prisoners of war and refugees; that expanded to assistant secretary of the National Catholic Welfare Conference include resettlement of the enormous number of concentration (later renamed the U.S. Conference of Catholic ) and from camp survivors and displaced persons in Germany and Austria in 1944 to 1957 as secretary of the Conference. He was appointed the post-war period.8 Carroll established a branch of the Vatican bishop of Altoona-Johnstown Information Bureau in Al- in 1957 and died at age 57 in giers in 1943 at the behest of 1960. Coleman became the Montini to deal with German first of Pitts- and Italian POWs and facilitate burgh in 1953, was appointed contacts with the Allies, who first bishop of in 1958, were planning the invasion of and then became the first Sicily and mainland Italy. archbishop of Miami in 1968. He died at age 72 in 1977. In March 1943, Carroll was named a papal chamberlain Walter S. Carroll with the of Very Reverend Walter Carroll, like his broth- Monsignor.9 The following year, ers, attended Holy Rosary he was elevated to domestic elementary and high schools. Three Carroll priest-brothers with the title of Right He then enrolled in Duquesne Source: The , November 11, 1943 43 Gathered Fragments | Fall 2018

Reverend Monsignor. He accompanied in all his actions. All who knew him must have a feeling of awe General Mark Clark to a meeting with and reverence, for surely he was a saint on earth.”15 Pope Pius XII following the liberation of Rome by American forces in 1944. Mon- Montini’s Visit to Pittsburgh signor Carroll promptly established the Monsignor Montini had been unable to attend the funeral of American Catholic Club in the Eternal City Monsignor Carroll with whom he had worked so closely for ten as a haven for American soldiers and chap- years. But in September 1951, Montini undertook a tour of Cana- lains, serving over 1,000 per day. He also da and the that saw him visit Washington D.C., raised the funds to build the Scuola Cesare St Louis, and New York. He pointedly added Pittsburgh to the 16 Baronio in Rome.10 Carroll was entrusted itinerary. He came to visit his deceased colleague’s mother, Brid- get Carroll, and the two surviving priest-brothers. Father Walter with broadcasting the pope’s messages in English over Vatican Radio11 and acted Carroll Montini was the guest of Bishop John F. Dearden of Pittsburgh Source: as translator during the pope’s meetings and stayed at the bishop’s Edwardian Tudor mansion on War- The Pittsburgh Catholic, with Myron Taylor, President Roosevelt’s September 26, 1940 wick Terrace in the city’s Morewood Heights section.17 Dearden’s personal representative to the .12 secretary, Father Jacob C. Shinar, acted as chauffeur for the visiting Carroll served as papal representative to the International Red prelate. Shinar had already become acquainted with Montini Cross and other organizations during and after the war. during his own graduate studies in Rome and recalled Montini as 18 In February 1950, Monsignor Carroll returned to the United “an extremely able and affable man, and a wonderful organizer.” States for a rest and to spend time with his mother. His health, Besides visiting with the family, Montini prayed at Monsignor impaired by years of overwork and stress, worsened and he was Walter Carroll’s grave in Mt. Carmel Cemetery in Penn Township admitted to Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., (now, the Municipality of Penn Hills).19 He also celebrated a Low for treatment. He died in the hospital of a heart attack on Febru- Mass at Sacred Heart Church in Shadyside to mark the opening ary 24, 1950. He was only 41 years old. of the school year; that was followed by his celebration of Solemn Benediction after the Mass. The new Sacred Heart High School, Three Pontifical Requiem Masses were offered for him. Arch- designed under the direction of the recently deceased longtime bishop Amleto G. Cicognani, apostolic delegate to the United pastor of 28 years, Father Thomas F. Coakley, opened at that States, celebrated a Mass on Monday, February 27, in St. Matthew time.20 Father had just succeeded Coakley as Cathedral in Washington in the presence of three , pastor of Sacred Heart Church. Father Howard Carroll had pre- eleven bishops, and the diplomatic corps. Carroll’s classmate, viously served as assistant pastor at the church for 10 years.21 The Bishop John J. Wright – newly installed bishop of Worcester and mother, Bridget Carroll, would be buried from the church just two future bishop of Pittsburgh – delivered the eulogy. The body was years later. The $300,000 bell tower of the church would be com- then brought to Pittsburgh where the remains lay in state in the pleted in 1954 and named for the deceased third , Monsi- cathedral rectory until Tuesday, February 28, when the body was gnor Walter Carroll.22 The tower carillon contains three bells, one removed to St. Paul Cathedral. On Wednesday, March 1, Edward of which – weighing 3,356 pounds and measuring almost five feet Cardinal Mooney of Detroit celebrated the funeral Mass in the in diameter – is inscribed “I, St. Walter, the dead do mourn.”23 cathedral in the presence of ten bishops, hundreds of priests, rep- The tower dedication completed a quarter-century-long building resentatives of all branches of the U.S. military, leaders of relief program at Sacred Heart Church. agencies, newspaper correspondents, and thousands of ordinary Pittsburghers. A third Mass was celebrated on Saturday, March Montini’s Later Career 4, in the Church of Santa Susanna in Rome by Bishop Martin J. Subsequent to his trip to America, Monsignor Montini was O’Connor, rector of the North American College.13 A listing of appointed archbishop of Milan in 1954. Pope John XXIII named the participants at each of the three Masses was a veritable him a cardinal in 1958. In 1960, Montini visited the United States “Who’s Who” of the diplomatic, political, military, and ecclesiasti- for a second time, stopping in New York City, Washington D.C., cal worlds that included a number of future cardinals, archbishops, Chicago, the University of Notre Dame, Boston, Philadelphia, and bishops. and Baltimore. Montini was elected pope on June 21, 1963, taking the name Paul. As the “Pilgrim Pope,” Paul VI traveled the world, President Harry S. Truman conveyed the thoughts of many when including a whirlwind 14-hour visit to New York City to speak at he wrote to the deceased’s family: “His untimely passing cuts St. Patrick’s Cathedral and the United Nations on October 4, 1965. short a life already filled with achievement and rich with promise.” Neither of these trips included stops in Pittsburgh; by then, all Archbishop Cicognani commented: “Msgr. Walter was called to members of the Carroll family had died except for Coleman who do a very intimate and personal service of the Holy See, and he was serving as bishop of Miami. dedicated himself and his priesthood wholeheartedly to the im- portant and arduous task.”14 Two strangers that Monsignor Carroll Pope Paul VI died on August 6, 1978 in the papal residence at had encountered in Rome years before wrote these words to the Castel Gandolfo. The process for opened in 1993 un- Carroll family upon learning of his death: “Even strangers, as we der Pope John Paul II. Pope Benedict XVI declared Paul “Venera- were that first day in Rome, could see goodness and self-sacrifice ble” in 2012. beatified Paul VI in 2014 and, follow- 44 The Visit of a Future Pope

9 “Pittsburgh Priest Made Monsignor,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, March 18, 1943, 1. 10 “Rome Catholic Club Has Mass Offered for Msgr. Walter Carroll,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, March 16, 1950, 5; “Offer Mass for Late Msgr. Walter Carroll,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, March 6, 1952, 1. Cesare Baronio (1538-1607) was an Italian cardinal and ecclesiastical historian. He was declared Venerable in 1745. His cause for canonization was reopened in 2007. 11 “Father Carroll Gives Broadcast in English of Pontiff’s Message,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, April 17, 1941, 1. 12 “Taylor Returns to ,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, September 24, 1942, 1, 16; “Msgr. Carroll Mourned by 2000,” The Pittsburgh At the episcopal residence in Pittsburgh (September 1951). Press, March 1, 1950, 1-2. L to R: Fr. Joseph Lonergan (pastor, St. Bernard), Fr. Jacob 13  Shinar (secretary to bishop), Msgr. Henry Carlin (vicar gener- “Requiem for Msgr. Carroll Offered by Cardinal Mooney,” “Mass in Washington,” and “Mass in Rome,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, March 2, al and pastor, Holy Rosary), Msgr. Montini, Bishop Dearden, ! 1950, 1, 8; “Msgr. Carroll Mourned by 2000,” 1-2; “Church to Pay High Fr. Howard Carroll, Mrs. Bridget Carroll, Msgr. Coleman Honor to Msgr. Carroll: Cardinal Mooney to Celebrate Office of Dead PCCarroll August 11, (pastor, 1978, p. 7Sacred Heart and later archbishop of Miami), This Morning,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 1, 1950, 24; “High Fr. Thomas Lappan (director of St. Vincent de Paul Society, Catholic Attend Carroll Rites: Cardinal Officiates at Cathedral director of Refugee Resettlement Program, and pastor, Mass for Late Monsignor,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 2, 1950, 5. St. Athanasius), and Fr. Joseph McGeough of the Vatican 14 Harry S. Truman and Amleto G. Cicognani, respectively as quoted in Secretariat of State (later, archbishop and to Ireland) “Msgr. Carroll Mourned by 2000,” 2. Source: The Pittsburgh Catholic 15 Ray Hoffman, “Faithful Eyes … Turned Upward to the Skies,” The Sunday Pittsburgh Press, September 26, 1954, Pittsburgh’s ing recognition of another miracle, canonized him on October 14, Family Magazine, 10-11. 2018. Just four years had passed since Paul’s beatification and only 16 “Msgr. Montini Pays Visit Here,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, September 40 years since his death. The new saint’s feast day is celebrated on 13, 1951, 1. the day of his birth, September 26.24 17 Montini’s stay at the residence was recalled 58 years later when the mansion was put up for sale. Marylynne Pitz, “Bishop’s Mansion for The sole reason for the future pope’s visit to Pittsburgh in 1951 Sale,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 11, 2009, 1, 3. was to honor Monsignor Walter S. Carroll. Such an affectionate 18 Jacob C. Shinar, as quoted in “Newly-Elected Pope Visited City in gesture speaks volumes about the priest-diplomat. The definitive 1951,” The Pittsburgh Press, July 21, 1963, 10. biography of Monsignor Carroll, when written and published, will 19 Mt. Carmel Cemetery was established in 1889 by the Carmelite be a compelling read.25 Fathers who staffed Holy Trinity (German) Parish in Pittsburgh’s Hill District. It remained a parish cemetery until 1958 when it became Endnotes: the first parish cemetery to be merged into the Catholic Cemeteries 1 English-language wire reports of the election and coronation of Cardinal Association. Pacelli as Pope Pius XII were the work of Rome-based Father Walter 20 “Bishop Wright Lauds New Pope as ‘New Paul’,” Pittsburgh Post- S. Carroll of Pittsburgh as special correspondent of N.C.W.C. News Gazette, June 22, 1963, 1, 3. Service. See “Triple Tiara of the Papacy Placed on Head of Pius XII: 21  Pittsburgh Priest Tells of Impressions as He Witnessed Pontiff’s “New Sacred Heart Pastor Appointed: Father Carroll Coakley Coronation,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, March 16, 1939, 1-2. Successor,” The Pittsburgh Press, March 27, 1951, 1. 22  2 James M. Thunder, “Martin T. Gilligan: An American Hero Neglected “Bell Tower Dedicated at Sacred Heart Church: Archbishop Cicognani – Until Today, Saving Lives During the Communist Takeover in China, Officiates, Paying Tribute to Memory of Monsignor Carroll,” Pittsburgh 1946-1952,” Spero Forum (December 8, 2017), accessed April 19, Post-Gazette, November 1, 1954, 7. 2018, http://media.speroforum.com.s3.amazonaws.com/James%20 23 “Bells of Sacred Heart Reach City Tomorrow,” The Pittsburgh Press, Thunder/Bio%20-%20Gilligan%20as%20published%202017-12-8.pdf. October 10, 1954, 17; “Bells to Ring in Honor of Msgr. Carroll,” The 3 “Walter Carroll Wins Oratorical Contest,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, Pittsburgh Press, October 30, 1954, 4; “Sacred Heart Bells Ring Out at May 15, 1930, 13. Dedication,” The Pittsburgh Press, November 1, 1954, 4. 24  4 “Local Priests’ Brother is Ordained in Rome,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, Of the last ten deceased who served in the 159-year period December 12, 1935, 1. 1846-2005, four have been canonized (Pius X, John XXIII, Paul VI, and John Paul II), one has been beatified (Pius IX), and two have been 5 “Pittsburgher, Ordained in Rome, to Offer Mass His Brothers Assisting,” declared Venerable (Pius XII and John Paul I).

The Pittsburgh Catholic, February 29, 1940, 1, 16. The mother’s home 25  was near the parish church and lay directly across the street from the Italian historian Andrea di Stefano has undertaken research on the site on which the parish would construct a new complex. diplomatic and political aspects of relations between the Holy See and the United States. See Andrea di Stefano and Ann Rodgers, 6 “Pittsburgh Native Named to Vatican State Secretariat,” The Pittsburgh “Pittsburgh Priest Had Role in Liberation of Rome in 1944,” Catholic, September 26, 1940, 1, 3. Pittsburgh Catholic, June 7, 2016. 7 The diplomatic work of these two on behalf of the Holy See is After Monsignor Carroll’s death, his diaries and personal papers were entrusted to his brother Coleman Carroll. Coleman’s successor presented in: Robert I. Gannon, The Cardinal Spellman Story (Garden as archbishop of Miami, Edward A. McCarthy, subsequently selected City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1962), and Charles R. Gallagher, Vatican George R. Kemon — a Philadelphia native, former editor of the Miami Secret Diplomacy: Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII (New Haven, archdiocese’s newspaper, and adjunct college professor — to write CN: Yale University Press, 2008). Monsignor Carroll’s biography. Kemon’s untimely death in May 1988 8 “Msgr. Carroll Brings Appeal for Refugees,” The Pittsburgh Catholic, left the project unfinished. See Ann Rodgers, “Diaries of a Wartime February 27, 1947, 1, 11. Priest,” Fort Myers News-Press, July 14, 1984, 1D-2D. 45