Vol. XVIII No. 11 November, 1963 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IM GREAT BRITAIN a FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RO. (corner Fairfax Rd). London. N.W.J Offic* and Consulting Houn: Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096/7 (General Office and Welfare tar tlia Aged). Monday to Timnday 10 a.m.—1 p.tn. 3—6 p.m MAIda Vale 4449 (Emplovment Agencv, annuallv licensed bv the L.C.C, Friday 10 a.m.-l p.m. and Social Services Dept.l

Robert Weltsch the hope of impending improvement. At the first shock of Hitler's appointment and the opening of the streets to the S.A. triumphal march, there had been a natural fear that the moment for the long adver­ TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER tised Nacht der langen Messer would soon arrive. When it did not materialise, there was the hope that it would never come and The Meaning of the November Pogroms that other threats would also not be imple­ mented. After June 30th, 1934, the Nazi Partv was believed to be disintegrat­ . November, 1938, was a frightful caesura " The Representative ",* this gruesome ing. There were rumours of internal dis­ "1 the destiny of German Jewry. Twenty- picture of absolutely helpless victims sensions and crises within the Party. Many Qve years after the Kristallnacht we have emerges in an unequivocal way. The Jews thought the regime could not last much J'eached a mental condition where we seem had to face their ordeal alone, under longer. At every stage, new illusions crept always to have to ask ourselves whether macabre circumstances, and it is only in. *e can still clearly realise how people felt natural that this experience is now fore­ snd thought on the threshold of that time most in the minds of the community. It and what was the actual position they were is a nightmare which will not vanish from After the Anschluss ^onfronted with. There is a temptation to the Jewish consciousness. Nor, indeed, distort or to misrepresent the events in will it be easily removed from the Christian But the year 1938 put an end to that. order to satisfy the wish to explain the conscience, as many have admitted in pro­ The Anschluss, the intimidation of all ^^explainable, and to put together some nouncements on the occasion of the London neighbours. Chamberlain's visits to Hitler, sociological construction which is repre­ premiere of " The Representative ". the Munich Conference, the dismember­ sented as " the whole truth "• It should be clear that before the ment of Czechoslovakia—all these events After all that happened the facts can­ frightening events of the Kristallnacht the not only brought frightful consequences not but be overshadowed by the chain of German Jews could not have believed that for the Jews of Central Europe, beyond ensuing events which decisively impressed what was in store for them would really Germany itself, but also had the psycholo­ Upon our minds our image of the whole happen. Even after the Kristallnacht it gical effect of showing more clearly than period. We now know that war broke out was by no means clear although the shock could any threats, the complete isolation •n 1939 and devastated Europe and Asia sufficed to transform emigration into of Hitler's victims. Only against this back­ tor six years, completely changing the map panicky flight. ground did the Nazis dare to attack the ^ the world and the relations of power. Jews directly on November 10th. There We also know the fate of the Jewish inhabi- had already been some preparations for pnts of Europe. This enormous catas- Fateful Illusions this attack. After the abortive April 1st, iJ"ophe obliterates all that went before and 1933, the Nazi conquest of Vienna led to ^.at can now hardly be conceived other­ November 10th, 1938, was the turning the first open onslaught on Jews on a grand wise than as a prelude leading to disaster, point. As a matter of fact it was not an scale. TTiere were less inhibitions in f^or an historian only what actually hap­ isolated event. The whole of 1938 was the Vienna than in Berlin, and the Nazi rule pened matters, and it has its own logic, beginning of a new era in that it created in Austria was in the summer of 1938 ^ut if we want to understand what was a new atmosphere as the Nazis realised much more alarming than in Germany going on at some particular stage and what that nobody in the world dare rise against itseK. I personally experienced this when fne people concerned—who could not guess their misdeeds. I went to Vienna in May, 1938, two months Jne future—were thinking and feeling and In 1933, when the first decrees of after the Anschluss, on my way from r°w they were forced to act, we have to deprivation of the German Jews were Palestine to Berlin. The Jews in Vienna "^ to ignore what we now know but what issued and the constitutional law was were incomparably more frightened and people 25 years ago could not know. openly defied by the authoritarian regime, helpless than in Germany. At that time I German Jews could not believe that " the also visited pre-Munich Prague, where the world" would remain indifferent. Much Jews were under the illusion that " the Alone and Abandoned faith was placed on pronouncements of world" would not permit Czecho­ sympathy and indignation in liberal slovakia's subjugation. When it neverthe­ J. It is true that for six years after 1939 quarters abroad, and only gradually did it less happened, when all the world bowed ne murder of Jews went on unabated, in become clear that nobody would raise a to Hitler and gave him carte blanche, arious forms, each more appalling and hand to change the situation. The position nothing could prevent the Nazis from ruel, and that no power was available— of the Jews was considered a German organising the burning of the synagogues, [ willing—to check it. The victims were internal matter, and almost all countries the pogrom-like destruction of Jewish I'one and abandoned. They were power- began to seek an arrangement with Hitler, homes and offices, and the mass deporta­ ij SS; and in a totalitarian twentieth-cen- if not out of admiration, out of fear. So tion of Jews to concentration camps, car­ ^f^ society that is different from the there was no choice for the German Jews ried out on November 10th. Now it was ^nation in former times, when power was but to try to come to some arrangement clear this was the end. It was, alas, the so exercised viciously, but the despairing with the government of the Reich and the beginning of an end still more gruesome jasses could get together and mount the Nazi authorities in order to enable them than expected. a^rricades. No such possibility was avail- to protect their interests as far as was In 1933, Leo Baeck spoke the famous Itfl . to a group like the Jews under the still possible, and also in order to organise words : " "The thousand-year-old history of ^j^^* regime. Moreover, notwithstanding self-help and emigration. But at any German Jewry has come to an end." He jj"e help courageously rendered by mem- moment there was an inclination to renew was right, but with one slight reservation : jSrs of the churches and by political anti- • " The Representative" In its complete version there was still a final chapter—that from (not abbreviated as in the theatre) has now been 1933 to 1938—which was honourable and ^^2is. the forces in power, rightly or published in an excellent translation by Robert David wrongly, took the line that the necessities Macdonald (Methuen, London, 16s.). Hochhuth's in some ways productive. The real end JJ ^ar prevented them from taking effec- German publisher, Rowohlt, has collected about 90 of the thousand-year-old history came on out of 3,000 articles which appeared In this contro­ i^^e rescue measures. Whatever the con- versy, in a special booklet, " Summa Iniurla oder November 10th, 1938. That is the sad "^'^oversial issue in Rolf Hochhuth's drama Durfte der Papst schweigen." (Ro-ro-ro paperback.) meaning of that day 25 years ago. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION November, 1963

Lionel Kochan Ernst von Rath, third Secretary at the German Embassy in Paris. This was itself, of course, the sequel to the deportation of Griinspan's parents, together with some 15-17,000 other THE POGROM OF NOVEMBER, 1938 Polish Jews resident in Germany, from Ger­ many to Poland. The deportation, conducted by the Gestapo, began on October 28; the Prelude to Disaster shooting took place on November 7 ; and von Rath died in the afternoon of November 9- The widespread attack on German and against Jews in any special occupation but During those twelve days a gradual cres­ Austrian Jewry on November 9 and 10, rather against the totality of Jewish enterprise cendo of tension and violence accumulated 1938, has been eclipsed by later events. None and property. " Goering's decrees", said around the Jews of Germany. " The shots the less, it retains its significance as a fatal Funk, " created the presuppositions for a com­ fired in Paris will not go unpunished' • step on the path to the greater attacks that plete elimination of Jews from the economy ". declared the Volkischer Beobachter on Novem­ were to follow with the outbreak of war. The first decree appeared on April 22, ber 8. These, and the many similar threats, Even as late as 1938 the Jews of Germany, 1938, and prescribed hard labour for any specifically enjoined by Goebbels' directives by and large, still retained a certain position German citizen who wittingly helped to con­ to the German press, reached their awful in the country's economy; but after the ceal the Jewish character of any enterprise in climax in the night of November 9-10. This is pogrom this had been taken from them. They order to deceive the population or the not the place to relate in detail the events had been eliminated from the German authorities. of that night, but it may be noted that more economy in the same way as the Reichskultur- than 250 synagogues were destroyed, mostly The second decree, which appeared four by fire, almost 1,000 shops, warehouses and kammer and the Nuremberg Laws had earlier days later, was far more important, and indeed, eliminated them from German cultural and dwelling-houses destroyed; some 100 Jews the basis for the expropriation of Jewish pro­ killed and another 30,000 arrested. Of these " biological life ". Thenceforward the Jews perty. Entitled Decree on the Registration of Germany were almost wholly deprived of latter about 500 fell victim to the camps of of the Property of Jews, it obliged every Jew Dachau, Sachsenhausen and Buchenwald, any rights at all. They lived outside the to register with the authorities the value of State, unprotected, at the complete mercy of his total assets (unless this was below 5,000 All this was mainly the work of the S.A-. the State. The significance of the pogrom marks). The obligation also extended to the spurred on by Goebbels. In this he enjoyed lies in the accelerated impetus that it gave to marriage partner of a Jew. The threat of the tacit encouragement of Hitler, whose atti­ this transition. How did this happen ? expropriation or, in the terminology of the tude is best embodied in the latter's own In journals such as Das Schwarze Korps, period, aryanisation, was contained in Para­ phrase: " The S.A. should be allowed to have in the autumn of 1937, the demand for the graph 7. This stated that " the delegate for a fling ". The Gestapo was limited to a super­ forcible elimination of Jews from German the Four-Year Plan can take such measures visory role to ensure that the scale of destruc­ economic life was already being made explicit. as are necessary in order to ensure that the tion did not get entirely out of hand and to But not until a few months later, until employment of the property to be registered make arrangements for the transportation and February, 1938, does it seem that the actual is brought into harmony with the require­ reception of the 30,000 Jews arrested. By and need for a decision on the Jews' future econo­ ments of the German economy ". large the pogrom was unleashed a"" organised by " the wild men" of the Party- mic status made itself felt. This change is As a corollary to this decree, any Jew who almost certainly connected with the extension The organs of State took a strictly subordinate wished to start a new enterprise had to obtain role, of Party control that characterised this period special official approval. —for it was in February, 1938, that Funk, a Das Schwarze Korps unmistakably under­ German and Austrian Jewry faced i*^ party man, replaced Schacht, as Minister of lined the meaning of the decrees when it said ordeal alone. But in the interval of two days Economics. No sooner had Funk assumed that " an economic dividing line" had been between the shooting of von Rath and his his duties than, as he later explained to the drawn. Behind that line stood hostage all death, two attempts were made to intervene Nuremberg Tribunal, the party demanded of Jewish property, under the constant threat with the German Government by way of the him that he eliminate the Jews from the of being " brought into harmony with the British Embassy in Berlin. On the morning Gennan economy. Funk, of course, yielded to requirements of the German economy", as of November 8, when the Goebbels press cani' this pressure and, as he euphemistically put Goering's decree had put it. So far however, paign first became obvious, Wilfrid Israel, it at Nuremberg, was able, through " private with the exception of Goering's somewhat representing the Reichsvertretung der Juden agreements ", to bring about " the withdrawal " ambiguous remarks on the situation in Austria, in Deutschland, called on Sir George Ogilvje- of leading Jews from their positions in bank­ no word had been officially and publicly Forbes, the British Charge d'Affaires in Berlin- ing, heavy industry and the large stores. spoken of this threat. It may be, perhaps, None the less, the pressure. Funk continued, that the development of the Munich crisis in Confintted on page 3, column 1 was unremitting—" and we had to try within the summer and early autumn of 1938 had a certain time and in line with certain legal an inhibiting influence on the development decrees to force back and gradually elimi­ of internal policy. In a period of such ten­ nate Jewish influence from economic life ". sion abroad the Jewish question would inevit­ INVEST YOUR SURPLUS CAPITAL ably become less important. While these developments were under way IN in Germany, the Anschluss with Austria took But it was not forgotten. On October 14, place. The whole apparatus of anti-Jewish 1938, a fortnight or so after the conclusion legislation was at once transferred to the new of the Munich settlement, Goering told an Nazi acquisition. Not only that—in some Air Ministry conference devoted to intensify­ TRUSTEE respects later policy in Germany was antici­ ing war preparations that " the Jewish ques­ pated in Vienna. For it was here that the tion must now be taken hold of by every full expropriation of Jewish-owned property available means for they (i.e., the Jews) must INVESTMENTS was first publicly proclaimed as a matter of be removed from the economy ". which ore : policy. Funk's *' negotiations" and Goering's A few days after the Anschluss. Goering decrees were not the only symptoms in 1938 spoke in Vienna. " Vienna must again become that augured ill for the Jews. There was, for 1. Fully secured on properfy. a German city", he said. " Its tasks lie as example, the destruction or forced sale of much in the cultural as in the economic synagogues in Nuremberg, Munich and Dort­ 2. Guaranteed at an Interest Rate sphere. In neither the one nor the other can mund ; the expansion of the camps at Buchen­ of between 6%-8% per annum. we use the Jew in the long run. ... As dele­ wald and Sachsenhausen ; the instructions to gate for the Four-Year Plan I commission prisoners at Dachau to sew " Stars of David " 3. Insured against inflation by a the Reich Statthalter in Austria, together with on to camp uniforms in preparation for a mass unique built-in safeguard. the Reich Plenipotentiary, calmly to take the influx of Jewish prisoners. This is in har­ necessary measures for efficient redirection mony with some fragmentary indications that of Jewish commerce, i.e., aryanisation of com­ there had already been prepared by the For further information contact : mercial and industrial life and to execute this Gestapo a plan for the arrest of some process legally but inexorably." 20-30,000 Jews. Mr. P. Abbey (London Consultant) In Germany, meanwhile, in conformity with But in the absence of conclusive evidence Goering's policy, three vastly important to this effect, the incidents mentioned can BRICE, TARRY & CO., LTD. decrees were issued under the auspices of only be looked on as straws in the wind. the Four-Year Plan. These decrees con­ There is no knowledge which precise direc­ Telephone : CHAncery 2345 noted a fundamentally new policy in that for tion they would have pointed to—that is, not Evening, WORdsworth 1148 the first time Nazi policy was not directed until Herschel Grunspan had shot and killed AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Page 3 future, to the time when Goering's threat would become real: " If the German Reich The Pogrom of November^ 1938 at any forseeable time becomes involved in a foreign war, then it is obvious that we will He came " to express grave apprehension that tering serious difficulties through the shortage at once turn our thoughts towards a large- reprisals will be taken on Jews in Germany ". of investible funds. It is not surprising there­ scale reckoning with the Jews". Israel did not, it seems, at this time suggest fore, that contemporary students of the any means whereby the anticipated reprisals German economy should treat the fine as a POGROIVI MEMORIAL SERVICES plight be averted or at least alleviated. But sort of forced loan or capital levy : ". . . it is in the late afternoon of the following day, certainly significant that the imposition of a In the previous issue it was announced that November 9, he, or some other German Jew ' fine ' of well over £100,000,000 (including the special services in memory of the November Pogroms have been arranged by the Golders In a comparable position, telephoned Dr. insurance claims paid over to the Government Green Beth Hamidrash (The Riding, N.W.ll) Weizmann, President of the World Zionist for the destruction of Jewish property) should for Sunday, November 3, at 12.15 p.m., and by Organisation, in London, Dr. Weizmann have come just at a time when the Government the New Liberal Jewish Congregation (51 Bel­ immediately telephoned Mr. (now Lord) was seriously considering new ways and means size Square, N.W.3) for Sunday, November 10, Strang at the Foreign Ofiice. He was " in con­ of covering a monthly deficit of £40 millions in at 3.30 p.m. siderable distress " as he told of his informa­ addition to issuing long-term loans at the rate We have just been notified that the Chief tion that the situation in Germany had of £60 million a month. . . . Had it not been Rabbi, the Very Rev. Dr. Israel Brodie, has "changed most dangerously during the last for the £100,000,000 of Jewish money seized requested that all synagogues should mark the by the Nazi authorities, the Government would occasion on Sabbath, November 2, by reciting 24 hours". The German Jews thought that the Memorial Prayer for the victims of Nazi the only way to save the situation was for certainly have experienced serious financial persecution. ' some prominent non-Jewish Englishman to difficulties at the beginning of the year" The following synagogues have advised us go over to Berlin immediately ". They hoped (1939)*. that they too will remember the events in their that his presence might act as some deterrent, Lastly, what was the reaction abroad to the Sabbath services. Details of these are given Weizmann said. This request meant that the pogrom ? In this vast field it is not possible hereunder: November 2, the Adath Yeshurun Progrom was about to start, he added. to be comprehensive or detailed. But one Synagogue (85 Bridge Lane, N.W.ll) will In reporting this message to Sir George thing can be said with certainty—and that is commemorate the pogroms in a special address Ogilvie-Forbes, Lord Halifax said the sugges­ by Rabbi J. E. Ehrentreu. November 9, the the widespread condemnation which the Reform Synagogues of Great Britain, in the tion had not yet been considered by the pogrom met with from the peoples of virtually sermon or a special prayer. The Great Syna­ authorities " but primu facie it seems to be all the non-fascist world. In the U.S.A. gogue (262 Commercial Road, E.l). The South fraught with difficulties". In the British Dieckhoff, the Nazi Ambassador, spoke of a Manchester Hebrew Congregation (Wilbraham Embassy in Berlin the suggestion met with a " storm " and a " hurricane " sweeping across Road), at 9.30 a.m. The Hebrew Congregation, flat refusal. Nothing revealed more clearly the country. "Any expression of public Singers Hill Synagogue, Birmingham. the extent of German Jewry's isolation from opinion", he added, " is without exception At the time of going to press we had not the governments of the world. When it came incensed against Germany and hostile towards received any further individual information to the point, none was willing to take on itself her ". In Britain the press was unequivocally from the various congregations, and would, therefore, suggest that readers contact their the odium of intervening on the Jews' behalf. hostile, A typical voice was that of The own respective congregations to determine The second attempt at mediation followed Times, which said that " no foreign propa­ date and time of the services. from a meeting held at Rothschild's premises gandist bent upon blaspheming Germany at New Court, London. There were present before the world could outdo the tale of burn­ Anthony and Lionel de Rothschild, the late ings and beatings, of blackguardly assaults Viscount Samuel and Otto Schiff, and Neville upon defenceless and innocent people, which DIE STADT BRAUNSCHWEIG Laski. These leaders of Anglo-Jewry were disgraced that country yesterday ". A Gallup acccimpanied by Sir Michael Bruce, a non- Poll found that more than four out of every beabsichtigt, ein Gedenkbuch ueber Jewish Scottish soldier of fortune, whom they five people thought Germany's treatment of ihre frueheren iuedischen Mitbuerger commissioned to travel at once to Berlin on the Jews was an obstacle to improved Anglo- herauszugeben. Ehemalige Braun­ their behalf. In his memoirs " Tramp Royal " German relations. This aspect was one to be schweiger und deren Verwandte und (London, 1954) Sir Michael describes, though emphasised in the Russian press. The other Russian theme was to interpret the pogrom Freunde werden gebeten, sich mit dem the details are somewhat confused, how he Stadtarchiv Braunschweig, Steintorwall J^iade contact with Wilfrid Israel and other as a sign of Nazi weakness—as an attempt, leaders of the Jews in Germany, such as on the Tsarist model, to divert the attention 15, in Verbindung zu setzen und ihre Eppstein. Stahl and Seligsohn. The latter of the masses from the inadequacies of the heutige Anschrift mitzuteilen, damit das asked Bruce to warn Sir George Ogilvie- regime on to an innocent scapegoat. Stadtarchiv sich an sie wenden kann. Eorbes of an impending pogrom and to ask But governments came into a different cate­ him to express to Hitler British displeasure at gory. Basically, it would be true to say—and *hat was imminent. But Sir George refused, naive to suppose anything else—that the He was acting on instructions from Lord Hali- pogrom as such had no permanent influence tax, he said, " to do nothing that might offend on Germany's diplomatic position. Of course, Hitler and his minions". if we take Great Britain, as the country whose The immediate sequel to the pogrom was a policy was most closely bound up with the clash between Goering and Goebbels, What appeasement of Germany, it is true that ^oering objected to was the wanton destruc­ Chamberlain's position was weakened by the tion of physical assets. In place of this, he pogrom, Dirksen, the German Ambassador proposed a policy of planned expropriation in London, noted that Chamberlain's to cover virtually all Jewish owned assets. opponents argued that " collaboration with "^ addition, the severest measures of social a country in which such brutalities are pos­ discrimination were enforced so that the sible must be rejected for ideological reasons. Jew became a true pariah. Finally, there was ... As long as this mood prevails it will be the imposition of the fine of 1,000 million impossible for Chamberlain to consider carry­ "larks. ing out his plan of attempting a settlement It is not fortuitous that Nazi policy was so with Germany on a broad basis ". largely concerned with finance and the profits But how long was Chamberlain thus accruing to the State from "aryanisation", inhibited ? For not much more than a month. The fact is that by the autumn of 1938 the In the middle of December Dirksen was being Reich's rearmament programme was encoun- approached by Halifax with a view to the creation of " a new atmosphere" to replace the previous tension in Anglo-German rela­ tions. But if Germany's diplomatic position did not suffer in the long run, the position of Wir kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, German Jewry did of course vastly deteriorate Autographen und moderne Graphik almost overnight. Dispossession and enforced Direktor : Dr, Joseph Suschitzky emigration were the new characteristics of 38a BOUNDARY RD., LONDON, N.W.8 Nazi policy. This pointed unmistakably to the Telephone : MAI. 3030 * W. G, J. Knop : Germany's Economic Situation In 1939, page 13, London, 1939. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION November, 1963

GERMANY NEWS FROM ABROAD Officials Hid Euthanasia Doctor It has been revealed in Kiel that, of the 18 U.S.A. JEWRY IN THE EAST officials and members of the German civil Southern Jews' Dlleinma service in Schleswig-Holstein who had known Conflicting Reports on Russian Jewry the true identity of Dr. Werner Heyde, alias In America antisemitism is on the decline Mr. M. Wilder, a London Jewish business­ Dr. Sawade, and helped to cover him over because it is not fashionable, but the 75,000 man just returned from a short visit to Russia, a period of years, one has been promoted and Jews in the South are facing a grave dilemma has said that when he visited the Moscow another given higher status. regarding the campaign for Negro integration. Synagogue Rabbi Levin and the synagogue's Dr, Heyde, who was in charge of the Nazi This was stated by the Rev. Sylvan Kamens, chief warden gave him the message : " Tell euthanasia programme, lived under the name Chaplain of the United States Air Force, when Anglo-Jewry all is well here." Rabbi Levin of Dr, Sawade in the town of Flensburg for he spoke to the Theodor Herzl Society at Zion said that the Jews in Moscow had complete many years and escaped detection thanks to House, Hampstead, recently. He stated that religious freedom and that all reports in the the help of friends and prominent West Jews in the southern States belonged neither Western press to the contrary were false. The German officials. His true identity was estab­ to the Negro proletariat nor to the white only restrictions placed on Jews was that they lished only in 1959,—(J,C.) stratum of big businessmen, since most of should not meddle in politics. Investigation Work Nears End them were estabUshed middlemen. On the But when Mr. Wilder visited Yalta he met other hand, they were urged by rabbis and several Jews who told a different story. The Ministry of Justice of Baden-Wuerttem­ communal leaders in northern States to take Kashrut and circumcision were almost impos­ berg has announced that the investigation work a stand in favour of integration but, if they sible to maintain in Moscow they stated and of the Central Agency for the Investigation of did so, they knew that their living, depending they spoke bitterly of the fact that the pass­ Nazi Crimes at Ludwigsburg is almost at an as it did on dealing with white segregationists, ports of all Jews bore the letter Y (for Ivri). end. By last July 55 cases had been completed. would be threatened. They complained that they were thus con­ About 190 were still incomplete then but the In the northern States, where most Jews stantly reminded of their religion without most important of them would have been com­ lived, antisemitism—apart from a lunatic being able to carry out its requirements. pleted by the end of the year. fringe of fascists—expressed itself mainly in There was a freer atmosphere in the sea­ The Ministry spokesman said that the the exclusion of Jews from certain clubs, side resort of Yalta and Mr. Wilder concluded Central Agency not only dealt with individual hotels and restaurants. Sociologists had, how­ from his visit that the Jews in Moscow were Nazi crimes but also handled inquiries about ever, discovered that 60 per cent of American not able to speak truthfully about their posi­ mass crimes. The Agency was also co-operating Jews were not entertained by non-Jews or did tion because the fear of the Stahnist era still with the Austrian legai authorities, who had not entertain non-Jews after 5 p.m,—(J.C.) prevailed. established a similar agency in Vienna.—(J.C.) Antisemitism Beneath Surface Matzot Appeals Rejected Tending of Graves The American delegation representing B'nai The Council of the West German Evangeli­ B'rith's Anti-Defamation League, which visited Moscow Appeal Court has rejected appeals cal Church has formed a committee to main­ Germany to ascertain whether antisemitism against conviction by three Jews sentenced to tain the cemeteries containing graves of and neo-Nazism are stiU latent in West Ger­ imprisonment in July for profiteering in the victims of the Nazis in various parts of West many, has stated that it had not noticed any "illegal" sale of matzot. They intend to Germany. This was announced by the signs of open or organised antisemitism in the appeal to the Supreme Court of the Russian Evangelical Aid Centre for Racial Persecutees. German Federal Republic. Republic. One of the men received a twelve­ The Ministry of the Interior has announced The spokesman of the delegation added that month sentence and the other two each that 220,000 marks (£19,750) have been set there could be no doubt that antisemitic ten­ received sentences of six months. aside for the care and maintenance of the dencies could be found beneath the surface, 303 Jewish cemeteries in the State of Rhine­ which admitted certain conclusions with Sholem Aleichem Appraisal land-Palatinate during 1963. It was announced regard to the general democratic structure of that since 1958 1,300,000 marks (£116,600) the Federal Repubhc. Moscow's State Publishing House has just had been spent on the maintenance of the Delegates had had useful talks with Govern­ published the first fully detailed appraisal of cemeteries.—(J.C.) ment representatives in Bonn and had gained Sholem Aleichem's life and work. The the impression that the West German Govern­ volume devotes a whole chapter to the Yid­ Nazi Judges in Bonn dish writer's place in Russian literature and ment was sincerely determined to remove all In a book by Herr Wolfgang Koppel of vestiges of anti-Jewish prejudice and to his relationship with Maxim Gorky. Accord­ ing to an introductory note six million copies Karlsruhe, containing the results of his strengthen the democratic system. investigations, he comes to the conclusion A different but no less dangerous type of of Sholem Aleichem's works have so far been published in Russia in more than 500 editions, that at least 700 former Nazi judges and prose­ antisemitism than that existing in Germany cutors are still active in West Germany's was to be found in the United States, the dele­ judiciary. gation's spokesman said.— (J.C.) Gennan Documents Unearthed The Oldest Synagogue Workers in Lodz engaged in clearing the cellars of an old building in Jarocz Street The Touro Synagogue in Newport—which unearthed German documents, accounts and was declared a National Monument by the lists itemising some of the loot stolen from the American Government in 1946—celebrated its 250,000 Jews confined in the Lodz Ghetto bi-centenary in September. In commemora­ during the war. tion of the event, the building had been com­ It is felt that the documents will be of great pletely restored and redecorated. Among the importance to Polish Jews claiming compensa­ many visitors of the last year was Dwight tion, as they may provide them with evidence D. Eisenhower, who had also taken part in that their property was in fact looted, and may the Synagogue's Rosh Hashana Service of 1958. help identify the German recipients. CANADA PROTESTS TO AUSTRIA The documents also give the names of many Germans—some of them Gestapo officials— On behalf of the community, Mr. Michael who, while they were organising the extermina­ Garber, President of the Canadian Jewish tion of the quarter million Jews of Lodz, looted Congress, wrote recently to the Austrian possessions from Jews. Ambassador in Ottawa expressing concern The Polish authorities are now studying the about the release by the Austrian authorities German account books closely and their full of Franz Murer, ex-chief of the Nazi Gestapo contents may be published soon. in Vilna, who is held responsible for the Some of this evidence may be of help to murder of many Jews. former Polish Jews who have filed claims In reply, the Austrian Ambassador said that against Germany but whose claims were Mr. Garber's letter had been forwarded to the rejected by the West German authorities for competent authorities in Austria. He added lack of supporting evidence.—(J.C) that the Austrian public prosecutor had lodged an appeal against the acquittal of Murer by Warsaw Cultural Centre a court in Graz. The whole issue was being put before the Austrian Federal Supreme The Polish Ministry of Culture has approved Court in Vienna.—(J.C.) the plans for a new Yiddish State Theatre building in the centre of Warsaw. Designed DANISH COMMEMORATION by one of Warsaw's leading architects, the Mrs. Bodill Koch, Denmark's Minister for new theatre will seat over 1.000 people and Ecclesiastical Affairs, headed a group of Danish will have every modern facility. The build­ men and women who arrived in Israel for the ing will also house other Jewish cultural celebrations which marked the 20th anni­ institutions and has been designed to become versary of the rescue of Danish Jewry from the the Polish capital's Jewish cultural centre. clutches of the Nazis. —(J.C.) APIOOB AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Page 5 FROM THE ISRAELI SCENE HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA structure of Immigration MOSLEY MEETING BROKEN UP Mikardo Re-elected At a Press Conference in Jerusalem, Sch. Attempts by members of Manchester Ajex Mr. Ian Mikardo, former Labour M.P. for Schragai, Director of the Immigration Depart­ and the Northern Council Against Fascism to Reading and now prospective parliamentary ment of the Jewish Agency, gave some interest­ block a meeting at Moss Side, Manchester, at candidate for the Poplar Division of London, ing details regarding the structure of the which Sir Oswald Mosley was to have spoken, was re-elected to the Labour Party's National present Aliyah into Israel. ended with police breaking up both gatherings. Executive Committee at the Scarborough As regards the age of the immigrants, 50.3 The police action followed a three-hour mara­ Conference. Among this year's unsuccessful Per cent of all immigrants are 16 years or thon meeting held to protest against the Union candidates was Mr. Sydney Silverman, M.P. for younger ; 20.2 per cent are between 17 and 30 ; Movement meeting by Ajex and the Northem Nelson and Coine. 18,5 per cent between 31 and 50 ; and 11 per Council officials, who spoke from a lorry near cent over 50. to the Mosley supporters. "Herald" Editor The main problem for the authorities After the meeting Mosley stated that he Mr. Sidney Jacobson, editor of the Daily attending to the integration of the newcomers would drop advertised open-air meetings from Herald, is to be the editor of the proposed new arises from the fact that most of the immi­ his provincial campaign, radical paper which is to succeed the srants from North Africa are unskilled "Herald". In June, 1962, Mr. Jacobson was Workers. On the other hand, the general POPE PLAY THREATS appointed editor of the "Herald" in succes­ state of health of the immigrants can be con­ A police officer has been posted at the stage sion to Mr. John Beaven. Before that he was sidered as satisfactory. Only 8 to 10 per cent door of the Aldwych Theatre, where Rolf political editor of the Daily Mirror. require social assistance. Hochhuth's play, " The Representative", is Mr. Schragai also referred to the 40,000 being performed, to protect Michael Williams, New Synagogues '^ so Israeli citizens who live in U,S,A. and the young actor who is appearing as Adolf [-anada. Most of them reside abroad only Eichmann and who was threatened by tele­ The present building of the Bayswater Syna­ temporarily and are likely to return to Israel phone after the play opened. Four men also gogue will be demolished in 1965 but the '1 the reasonably near future, called at the theatre and swore to the stage- honorary officers, who are looking for a site in doorkeeper that they would beat him up. Maida Vale, have still been unable to find anything suitable. The L.C.C., although under Nazi Doctor Practised in Askalon The Royal Shakespeare Company has no legal obligation to assist the synagogue in received a number of written complaints from finding a new site, will help to the greatest One of the most incredible stories has Roman Catholics, possible extent. recently come to light: Posters and the company board giving the names of the players were also defaced. Officiating at the foundation-stone laying of p.in September, 1949, a Dr. Alexander-Egon Written over the posters were : " This play is the new St. John's Wood Synagogue, the Chief *irth emigrated to Israel. On the advice a slander against a good man who cannot Rabbi stressed the particular need for religion ?i the Ministry of Health he set up practice answer back" and " The Aldwych opens its in this age of moral decline. The building will 11? Askalon, mainly as a surgeon and gynaecolo­ doors to Marxist, twisted propaganda." adjoin the present community centre in Grove gist. His wife made no secret of the fact that End Road. It is hoped that the new synagogue, ^ae was a Christian, and their two boys attended which will cost about £180,000, will be ready Jae local school, which was mainly frequented ARTHUR KORN HONOURED for use by next Rosh Hashana. It will accom­ °y Yemenite children. In 1954 the family left Arthur Korn, the well-known architect and modate 1,500 worshippers, 800 more than the Israel and settled in the Argentine, from town planner, has been elected an extra­ present building in Abbey Road. Where they wrote from time to time to their ordinary member of the Akademie der Kuenste triends in Askalon. About a year ago Dr. in Berlin. This is a singular honour as the Floating Succah *irth paid a visit to Westem Germany. There membership of this institution is very le was arrested as a long-searched-for war restricted. Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier During the first days of Succot what is criminal, whose real name was Dr. Hermann are amongst the few architects who are believed to have been the first floating succah ^chmidt and who, with brief interruptions, members of the Akademie. to be built in this country moored alongside aad been a member of the Gestapo since 1933. the banks of the Grand Union Canal, near Schmidt is accused of having committed a long Arthur Korn has been teaching at the Oxford School of Architecture since 1941. He came Daventry. The succah, situated on a barge, series of war crimes during his term as Ges- was occupied by twelve young people from ^Po official in Poland. Somehow Schmidt to England in 1934, and has become widely known by his " Master Plan for Greater London. Also on board was a synagogue and Jiast already have planned and prepared his services were conducted throughout the trip. {tight to Israel at that time, because in 1943 London " (1938) and his book " History Builds the Town " (1953). However, after Shabbat, just before the ^e took lessons in Yiddish and Hebrew from succah was due to be dismantled, it met an ? teacher in the Warsaw Ghetto ; he spoke untimely end when the roof hit a bridge and poth languages almost fluently when he PROFESSOR OF HEBREW the entire structure was thrown into the river. arrived in Israel. During the war he also pro­ For the first time since 1924 London Uni­ vided himself with the documents of a Dr. versity has a Professor of Hebrew, Dr. Shechita 'irth, who had perished in the concentration Siegried Stein. The last Professor of Hebrew camp of Treblinka. The whole ghastly story at London was Rabbi Sir Hermann Gollancz. A statement has been issued by the London Was discovered because, just at the time when The growth of University College's Hebrew Licensed Kosher Wholesalers that they are Schmidt was on his visit to Germany, the Department is further reflected by the appoint­ united in their objection to the London Board jademnification authorities were dealing with ment of Rabbi Dr. Ernest Wiesenberg as for Shechita " entering the meat trade " and i|ie claim of the widow of the real Dr. Firth, Reader in the department—there are now two " taking into its hands the supply of kosher ^aey informed her that her "husband" was Readers, the other one being Dr. J. G. Weiss. meat". This follows the report of a recent °hve and at present in Germany. meeting of the Board at which a suggestion .Unfortunately this is not the last chapter FLATLETS FOR AGED of the honorary officers was announced for ?t Schmidt's revolting story: while he was establishing a central depot for meat and ^cpt in prison, the registration department In the annual report of the Home for Aged poultry in London. P.°mmitted a serious error—there is no ques­ Jews, Wandsworth, it is disclosed that a site The Board is to consider the establishment tion of sabotage—and mixed him up with has been purchased near the Home to erect a of communal butcher shops in London. another prisoner by the name of Schmidt. He block of flats for about 30 men and women. Was released and has since then disappeared The cost of the building will be met by a Carmel Girls' School 'Completely. subsidy from local authorities spread over the next 60 years. Formal permission for the building of a " Carmel College " for girls was granted by the Woman Research Chief Oxfordshire County Council. The school is to be built on the farmland within the Carmel t Professor Rahel Shalon, who heads the Gorta Radiovision College estate, Mr. Charles Wolfson has ^Hading Research Station and is professor promised to give £250,000 for the establishment ^ civil engineering at the Institute of Service of the school and it is envisaged that, initially, ^cchnology in Haifa, has been appointed vice- (Member R.T.R.A.) the school will accommodate about 100 girls, jT^csident in charge of research. An inter- but it is hoped the number will ultimately be iiational authority on building materials with 13 Frognal Parade, between 275 and 300. *^cr 40 scientific and technical publications Finchley Road, N.W.S J? her credit. Professor Shalon came to i^icstine in 1925 after beginning her studies SALES REPAIRS New Name for Home Jg Poland and graduated at the Technion in Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, The Home and Hospital for Jewish Incur­ Grundig, etc. ables, Tottenham, is to change its name to ji^e later joined the Technion's academic Refrigerators, Washing-Machines Stocked " The Jewish Home and Hospital at Totten­ gjatt and was given a professorship in 1957, Mr. Gort will always be pleased to ham". The name was unanimously agreed jg^cr serving in the Army during the Arab- advise you. upon by the Board of Management, who felt ^^raeli War, when she was commander of the (HAM. 8635) that, for humanitarian reasons, there should "Omen's corps in Northem Israel.—(J.C.) be a different name. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Herbert Freeden secretaries, all busily supervising Jewish cul­ tural activities, but, compared with the careers of other pre-1933 Nazis, the post was not a startling advancement for the erstwhile leader PHANTOM OF THE OPERA of the "Kampfbund", and more than once he had to side with the Jews against his party A Jewish Theatre in Nazi Germany ... 30 years after colleagues. When Jewish gatherings, especi­ ally in the provinces, suffered from the whims When thirty years ago, in the Germany of ner and later by Fritz Wisten. To find a suit­ of local party and police bosses, the Hinkel 1933, the curtain rang down for the last time able building was the last hurdle. After office saw to it that all Jewish functions on Jewish actors; when Jewish musicians nerve-wrecking negotiations and many dis­ within its orbit proceeded without interfer­ were expelled from the orchestras and the appointments, a lease was finally granted for ence. Often there were skirmishes behind the galleries closed their doors to Jewish artists, the " Berliner Theater ", in the south-west of scenes between the Gestapo and Hinkel in the apparently paradoxical question was the city. Nineteen thousand Jewish men and which, as a rule, he emerged as the victor. asked : " What is Jewish art ? " Is there women joined the organisation in Berlin; In a public statement in September, 1933, a specifically Jewish music ? Can we achieve over 200 artists, technicians, workers and Hinkel differentiated between the Jews who a Jewish drama ? Issues which are open to clerks were given steady employment, and had left Germany " in order to make hate this day—even in Israel—were fiercely their annual wages and salaries amounted to propaganda abroad " and the others who were debated. Fantastic as the quest was for 350,000 marks. At last, on the 1st of October, " satisfied with being free to pursue, among authentic Jewish art within an orgy of destruc­ 1933, the curtain went up for the first time, themselves, their own culture ". It was then tion, no less unreal—and certainly unique in at the premiere of " Nathan der Weise ". pointed out in Jewish circles that this was theatrical annals—was the establishment of Dr. Joachim Prinz, at a national convention the first official recognition of the right of a permanent theatre by Jews for Jews, alter­ of the " Kulturbund ", called the situation of the Jews to cultural activities. Events, how­ nating operas and plays, and encompassing Jewish culture in Germany the result of a ever, proved stronger than his words, and the the world repertoire as well as Jewish themes. revolutionary act from without, not the pro­ promised " cultural autonomy " soon became It cannot be compared with the Yiddish stage duct of development from within. The three a farce. Every sentence and every note had in Eastern Europe which was an integral part prerequisites for spiritual creation—nation, to be submitted to censorship well in advance. of Jewish folk-lore, a literary genre par excel­ land and language—were non-existent in the These directives changed as the general lence, grown out of a social pattern and a case of German Jewry, which was continually policy against the Jews became more and more definite mentality. What was attempted in shrinking through emigration and death. restrictive. Nazi Germany was a theatrical enterprise try­ Within such a group there could be no pro­ In the beginning, there was the clause pr°' ing to present European art . . . yet from a ductive Jewish culture. Dr. Prinz defined the hibiting revolutionary references as well as Jewish point of view. That the German function of the Jewish theatre in Germany as works by authors who were known as out­ authorities allowed it to happen is no less " national-pedagogical "—to build a bridge spoken anti-Nazis. Then there came a turn: enigmatic : one is reminded of the sinking of from a denationalised Jewry, living remote Jews were no longer allowed to present the " Titanic" when the band played until from Jewish prime sources, to Jewish life. genuinely " German " art. First, Schiller and the last moment to prevent a panic. The series of operas started off with " The the German romantics were taken off the In summer, 1933, the Jewish Cultural Marriage of Figaro", followed by 18 other programme—to perform them was considered Association—" Jiidischer Kulturbund "—was works, among them " Fidelio ", " Rigoletto ", a " sacrilege ". Goethe, who had a bad reputa­ born out of a social need: to provide a mea­ "Amelia", "Nabucco", "Don Pasquale", tion for having been a cosmopolitan, was black­ sure of employment for the many Jewish "Carmen", "La Boheme", "The Merry listed much later, along with all German actors, musicans and other artists, and to Wives of Windsor ", " The Barber of Seville ", classics. Finally, every German author was cushion the psychological shock of their exclu­ "Tales of Hoffmann" and "Die Fleder­ excluded from the repertoire. sion from the German stage and concert halls. maus". This international repertoire was No objections were raised against foreign Many, of course, emigrated as soon as the new supplemented by orchestral works of a speci­ playwrights as long as they had been dead regime was set up; yet there remained a fic Jewish interest, culminating in the for at least fifty years, i.e., free from royalties- large number thrown out of work, dazed and oratorios " Judas Maccabaeus ", " Belshazar " For the Kulturbund was not allowed to transfer bewildered—and completely unprepared for and " Israel in Egypt". royalties abroad. Some authors, among thenj the Jewish fate that had reached out for them. The presentation of musical programmes J. B. Priestley and Franz Molnar, renounced The moving spirit of this " Kulturbund" met, on the whole, with general approval. their rights and their works were performed was Dr. Kurt Singer, a medical man by pro­ Public discussion—and criticism—centred with great success ; others who likewise were fession and a musician by vocation, who had mainly around the choice of plays. The self- prepared to forgo payment, did not pass the made a name for himself as a music historian confessed lack of " Jewish " readiness on the censor as on some occasion or another they and critic, and had served as the head of the part of those in charge of the theatre coin­ had said something not very complimentary Municipal Opera House in Berlin. Julius Bab, cided with their supposition that the public, about Nazism. Even in plays which were not a distinguished theatrical critic, joined him as steeped in the theatrical tradition of the pre- banned the red pencil raged mercilessly and literary adviser. Dr. Wemer Levie served as Hitler years, would not support any such did not halt at Moliere or Shakespeare. Secretary-General. experiments. Brought up with Shakespeare The prohibitions were not confined to litera­ It was not easy to build up an organisation and Schiller, Shaw and Ibsen, so they argued, ture. At a time when in Jerusalem the Pales- which, both in its membership and in its the audiences would not be prepared to limit artistic, administrative and technical staff, was themselves to Perez, Bialik, Leivik and Anski. Continued on page 7, column 1 to comprise Jews exclusively—such was the Only one or two Jewish plays were presented conditio sine qua non of the German authori­ each season ; the bulk was made up of classics ties. —Shakespeare, Moliere, Goethe—and modern Don't suffer from the effects of DRY AIR caused by From the very beginning it was envisaged authors, such as Schnitzler, Hofmannsthal, Central-Heating to bring into being two permanent ensembles Priestley and Molnar. —one for operas requiring soloists, orchestra, As in Berlin, Jewish " Kulturbuende " sprung ballet, chorus and extras, and the other one up in a large number of Jewish communities for dramatic plays. Considering that almost in the provinces. In 1935 they were united all over the world operatic companies are in an " Association of Jewish Cultural Organi­ heavily subsidised, the stakes were high. At sations in Germany " which represented Kul­ the same time, workshops had to be opened to turbuende in over 100 cities with a member­ build decors, make props, prepare wigs, and to ship of well over 60,000 and approximately tailor costumes—all manned by Jews. 1,700 Jewish artists. Against a monthly payment of 2,50 marks At that time the attitude of the Nazi (later the fee was raised slightly), members authorities towards the Jews was by no means were offered two presentations a month, uniform. Various sections of the Party, and alternatively an opera and a lecture, and a even more so individual officials, had their play and concert, Joseph Rosenstock was own approach to the Jewish question. Hans INSTALL A HUMIDIFIER engaged to be the musical director and had to Hinkel, the former leader of the " Kampfbund >n your Radiator and be free from an unpleasant create an orchestra out of 42 musicians fuer deutsche Kultur", a notorious Nazi and unhealthy atniosphere. and an operatic cast out of singers from every organisation in the days of the Weimar INEXPENSIVE—NO RUNNING COSTS comer of Germany (he was succeeded by Republic, represented the Government vis-a­ Ask for details from : William Steinberg and later by Rudolf vis the Jewish Cultural Association. The Humidifier Co. Schwarz). Similar work had to be done among In time, his office grew into a large organi­ 25 Bridge Road, Wembley Park, Middx the actors by their director—first Fritz Jess­ sation with readers, censors, clerks and ARNold 7603 AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Page 7 Phantom of the Opera Old Acquaintances

Continued from page 6 the stage. The voices of the players trembled Home iSews! Edmund (Mundi) Wolff has uncertainly as the first spotlights fell on their resigned from his post as head of the German tine Orchestra played Beethoven, under Tos­ faces, but soon the magic of the stage engulfed B.B.C, section at Bush House and will work canini's baton, the same Beethoven was banned them, and they laughed and danced in their from London for the Third German TV Pro­ for Jewish orchestras in Germany. Those were world of pretence and make-believe one week gramme.—Wanda Rotha has left for Spain to the days of friction with Austria, and as after the pogrom. take the part of a lion-tamer in Henry Hath- Mozart was an Austrian, he remained available Whoever could, left the country before the away's " Circus ", starring John Wayne, Claudia until the occupation of Vienna. The only doors finally closed and some resumed their Cardinale and Rita Hayworth.—John H. Kisch, German composer whose works continued to careers in America, England and Israel. Far a relative of Egon Erwin Kisch and London he permitted to the very last was Handel: he too many were trapped. Those who remained correspondent of Munich's Quick, has Was compromised in the eyes of the Nazis by performed well into the year 1941; then forced joined Illustrated London News as assistant his love for England and by his Biblical labour camps and ultimately extermination was editor,—Maxine llling, daughter of actor Peter themes. their lot. llling, has taken up residence in Duesseldorf In the course of five years, from 1933-1938, There is a sequel, as histrionic as the ven­ to work for the Anglo-German Association 8,457 presentations took place within the ture itself. When in 1945, after the Second there,—Bernard Grun has gone to Madrid framework of the Jewish Cultural Association, World War, the Allies reopened Max Rein­ where his operetta " Balaleika" will be pro­ of which 571 were operatic performances, hardt's Deutsches Theater in Berlin, they duced at Christmas,—Ken Adam, one of the li638 plays, 2,530 concerts—the remainder chose for the first performance Lessing's sons of S, Adam, is art director of " Woman of heing made up of recitations, ballet perform­ " Nathan der Weise", the same play with Straw " starring Gina LoUobrigida and Ralph ances, cabaret evenings, film shows and art which, twelve years before, the Kulturbund Richardson, with Otto Heller behind the exhibitions. had started its activities. The play was staged camera.—Walter Slezak, who exactly resembles On 9th November, 1938, all Jewish institu­ by Fritz Wisten, the erstwhile director of the his late father Leo, passed through London on tions and organisations, the Jewish press and Kulturbund who had survived underground. his way to Berhn ; he is to appear in Walt sports clubs were closed down. Yet when the Disney's remake of Kaestner's " Emil and the What an hour of bitter triumph: through the Detectives ". synagogues went up in smoke and Jewish mouth of Nathan, whose wife and children had property was ransacked, the theatre building been murdered, a Jew proclaims the message of the Kulturbund was left untouched. Three of tolerance and humanity in the ruins of Milestones: Erich Gottgetreu, Israeli corre­ days later, its executive was informed that the BerUn. spondent of the Associated Press and one of Jewish theatre had to open again. Was the the best-informed journalists in that country, Nazi government shocked by the indignation YOUNG PIANIST WINS LEEDS PRIZE has become 60.—Kaethe Kruse, inventor of the '^f the civiUzed world and did it need a Michael Roll, born 17 years ago in Leeds, famous dolls named after her, is now 80.— gesture of " tolerance " as a stratagem ? Per­ was the youngest of about ninety pianists who A. H. Zeiz who was first a journalist and then haps there was no political reason at the back came to Leeds for the International Piano­ became a playwright under the pen-name of of it. Perhaps there was just a governmental forte Competition from all over the world. Georg Eraser after being banned by Goebbels, He was awarded the first prize of £1,000— department, an inflated organism which had is 70 years old. His Jewish wife perished in presented by Mrs. I. J. Lyons—and the Prin­ Auschwitz, He himself hid many Jewish hecome an end in itself and did not want to cess Royal Gold Medal and engaged to appear lose its raison d'etre. at next year's Edinburgh Festival, at the writers,—Anton Edthofer, who in 1906 started With the voice of the communities and Triennial Music Festival in Leeds in April, acting at Vienna's Raimund Theater and joined central institutions silenced, the Jewish 1964, and at the Royal Festival Hall. Reinhardt's ensemble in 1921, is 80, His wife theatre embarked on its last, almost unreal, The jury of twelve celebrities in the world is Helene Thimig,—Hans Leip, who wrote the epoch. The first night of a Scottish students' of music was headed by Sir Arthur Bliss, After lyric of " Lih Marlene" during the Second play, " The Rain and the Wind ", was without preliminaries of six days the selected candi­ World War, is 70.—Walter Ruett, one-time star dates performed concertos with the Royal of Berlin's six-day races, is 80 years old. precedent even in the chequered annals of Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, under Mr. histrionic art. The wide sweep of the stalls John Pritchard. Michael Roll, after two Beet­ Germany: Gustav Froehlich directed and and circles was once more illuminated. The hoven Sonatas, played the Schumann concerto appeared in Molnar's " Spiel im Schloss" at candelabra glowed brightly from the domed so brilliantly as to outshine all other Duesseldorf.—A. M. Rabenalt produced ceiling and usherettes in their neat black cos­ competitors. Lehar's " Count of Luxembourg" at Berlin's tumes were posted on the red carpets in the He has now reversed his earlier decision to enter Leeds University to study medicine and rebuilt Titania Palast, with Rudolf Schock gangways. In innumerable homes, women as the star.—Erik Ode, son of Fritz Odemar, Were waiting for some news about their has chosen music as his career. Dr, M, Roll, father of the young artist, directed Wittlinger's new play " Zwei arrested husbands and sons ; in innumerable Maenner zum Fruehstueck" in Mannheim. homes, people were sitting among the ruins has been a faithful member of the AJR for many years, —Roma Bahn and Rene Deltgen played ^i their existence. And in the Jewish theatre in Duerrenmatt's " Besuch der alten Dame " the lights went up again. The dressers and TRIBUTE TO COMPOSER at Cologne's theatre. Wardrobe mistress scurried around, and the Jewish writers and musicians in Moscow Players in their dressing-rooms hastily put have just celebrated the SOth birthday of Leib Obituary: Richard Oswald died in Duessel­ the finishing touches to their make-up. Yet Pulver, one ot the most famous Soviet com­ dorf aged 83 ; born in Vienna, he began as an silence lay over the dressing-rooms, usually posers of music in both the Russian and actor and then directed German film classics a babble of chatter. No one laughed ; no one Jewish idioms. It was announced at a cele­ such as "Prostitution", "Anders als die even quarrelled. What had to be said was bration arranged by Soviet musicians and Anderen ", " Unheimliche Geschichten ", said in little more than a whisper. held in the offices of the Yiddish periodical, " Dreyfus ", " 1914" and " Hauptmann von " Sovietish Heimland", that a full collection The first bell rang. Few people had come, of Pulver's Jewish compositions is to be pub­ Koepenick"; the latter film he remade in •nostly women and old folk and, of course, lished shortly. Pulver has been musical Hollywood with Bassermann in the lead.—The three men in bowler hats carrying briefcases: director of the Yiddish State Theatre and famous musical clown Noni also died in the inevitable delegation of the Gestapo, At has composed a large repertoire of songs— Duesseldorf aged 72; he was once a star of 'ast the curtain rose and the footlights flooded both Russian and Jewish. Berlin's Scala. ISetvs from Everywhere: Elisabeth Bergner is again successfully touring Germany in O'Neill's " Eines langen Tages Reise in die Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. Nacht".—Robert Gilbert, who wrote the German lyrics for " My Fair Lady", scored Bankers a new success with his translation of " Annie Get Your Gun " which is to run at Berlin's BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 Theater des Westens.—Anton Diffring, who has already appeared in " Out of Bounds" Telephone: METropolitan 8151 with Michael Redgrave in London and in Representing: Zurich took the same part in the play now entitled " Streng geheim". is to repeat his I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. ( FEUCHTWANGER CORPORA-nON performance for German TV.—Peter Lorre is to star in " Comedy of Terror ". TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA | 60 EAST 42nd ST.. NEW YORK, 17, NY. PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION November, 1963

statten, das er unveraendert bei den Behoerden genoss. Ohne je an seine eigene IN MEMORY OF DR. WALTER BERLIN Sicherheit zu denken, verhandelte er mit Wie wir bereits berichteten, ist Dr. Walter Berlin, Mitglied der AJR Executive am dem Erzfeind, uebernahm er die schwierigsten 21. August von uns gegangen. Die Verfasser der folgenden Wuerdigung, die uns erst und gefaehrlichsten Verteidigungen, Er sah nach Drucklegung der vorigen Ausgabe aus New York erreichte, waren mit dem das Leid und litt mit. Er sah Rechtsbruch Verstorbenen durch jahrzehntelange Zusammenarbeit in Deutschland freundschaftlich nach Rechtsbruch und war tief verletzt in verbunden. Die Treue Walter Berlins zur Gemeinschaft der deutschen Juden, von seinem Glauben an Recht und Gerechtigkeit, der ihr Aufsatz Zeugnis ablegt, hat sich auch nach seiner Auswanderung bewaehrt— tief getroffen, aber nie verzweifelt. Nie verlor zum Segen unserer in England lebenden Schicksalsgenossen, die sich in der AJR er den Mut. Er wurde zum furchtlosen zv.sammengeschlossen haben. Wir gedenken in Dankbarkeit der Hingabe, mit der Streiter gegen das Unrecht, immer und fuer Walter Berlin an den Beratungen unserer Exekutive in treuer Pflichterfuellung Jeden eintretend trotz der Gefahr fuer die teilgenommen hat, solange sein Gesundheitszustand ihm dies gestattete. Was seine eigene Freiheit und, fur das eigene Leben, Mitarbeit besonders wertvoll machte, war die Gabe, das Wesentliche der jeweils zur Walter Berlin haette laengst, wie die meisten Diskussion stehenden Probleme herauszuschaelen und durch sein kluges und anderen fraenkischen Juden, auswandern und erfahrenes Abwaegen des Fuer und Wider den Weg zur rechten Entscheidung zu sich und seine Familie mit Hab und Gut in weisen. Ueber alle dem aber stand bei ihm das Bewusstsein unseres geschichtlichen Sicherheit bringen koennen, Er blieb aUS Standortes; die organische Verbundenheit seiner Persoenlichkeit mit den Werten, die Pflichtgefuehl, bis er nach den Ereignissen uns gepraegt haben, verlieh seiner Zugehoerigkeit zu unserer Gemeinschaft, die stets des 8, und 9. November 1938 und der folgenden mehr als ein Zweckvereinigung sein wollte, besondere Bedeutung. Die Mitglieder Monate zur Erkenntnis kam, dass die letzten der Exekutive werden das Andenken dieses mutigen Kaempfers, treuen Beraters und Tage des deutschen Judentums angebrochen liebenswerten Kollegen stets in dankbarer Erinnerung behalten.—W.R. seien, dass der Kampf fuer das Recht gegen einen Feind, der den Begriff des Rechtes nicht kannte, unmoeglich geworden sei und dass Mit Walter Berlin hat das zu Ende gehende pielerischen Geste, der aber durch die daher jeder Jude Deutschland verlassen deutsche Judentum einen seiner Besten Wucht und Logik seiner Argumente, durch muesse. 1939 wanderte Walter Berlin schliess­ verloren. In seiner ueberragenden Persoen­ die Klarheit des Aufbaus und die Kraft der lich nach England aus, bettelarm. Ohne zn lichkeit hatten sich Deutschtum und Judentum eigenen Ueberzeugung, die er auf den klagen, fuegten er und seine Frau sich in das zu vollendeter Einheit verbunden. Zu seinen Anderen uebertrug, Richter und Geschworene neue Geschick, das auch Haft auf der Isle of Vorfahren, die seit Jahrhunderten im mit ihm zu gehen zwang. Dazu kam das Man einschloss. Es gelang der Tuechtigkeit Fraenkischen ansaessig waren, gehoerten aeussere Bild seiner Erscheinung, seine der Beiden, und des jungen Sohnes und der Gelehrte und Rabbiner. Sein Grossvater grosse, wuchtige Gestalt, und seine, bei aller kaum der Kindheit entwachsenen Tochter, die Samuel Berhn, ein bedeutender Jurist, war kulturellen Feinheit—las er doch in seinen ersten schweren Jahre zu ueberwindeD- als erster Jude in Bayern zur Advokatur letzten Jahren wieder Cicero und Plato !— Dankbar dem Lande, das ihn und die Seinen zugelassen worden. Zu dem geistigen Erbe in Wort und Weise kernig-natuerliche Art. aufgenommen hatte, im Bewusstsein des seiner Vaeter kam, was Nuernberg, die Mit seinem Einfuehlungsvermoegen in Andere unverlierbaren Teils der alten Heimat, des schoene, alte Stadt, seinem offenen Sinn gab, und mit der Echtheit seines menschlichen deutschen Judentums, gab er seine Arbeit> das unvergaengliche Gefuehl der Heimat, der Interesses an dem Mitmenschen und mit dem sein Wissen und Koennen den Organisationen Verbundenheit und Zugehoerigkeit, und des Vertrauen, dass seine ganze Persoenlichkeit der juedischen Auswanderer in England. Verwachsenseins mit deutscher Geschichte Jedem einfloesste, wurde er bald der Berater Walter Berlins Leistungen werden nicnt und mit deutscher Kultur. Deutschtum und Vieler nicht nur in wirtschaftlichen und vergessen werden. Und nicht vergessen werden Judentum waren fuer Walter Berlin die Rechtsfragen, sondern in ihren allerpersoen- wird der Mensch Walter Berlin, der sie voU' historischen Bedingungen seiner Existenz, Hchsten Angelegenheiten. Darin sah er die brachte. Er war ein aufrechter Mann von deren Inhalt er nicht zu analysieren hatte und eigentliche Aufgabe des Anwaltes : Verstehen, lauterstem Charakter und unbestechlicher nicht zu analysieren versuchte. Er nahm Rat, Hilfe. Das Ethos in ihm war die Gesinnung, Er war ein Mensch, der Lachen beide als fraglos und diente beiden mit Stolz. Gmndlage seines beruflichen Wirkens. und Lebensfreude, Freude am Genuss der In jedem Abschnitt seines Lebens war er ein Das Ethos in ihm war auch die Gmndlage guten und der schoenen Dinge des Lebens juedischer Deutscher und ein deutscher Jude seines reichen Wirkens im Juedischen Kreis, mit leisem Laechein und tiefen Ernst iin in Art, Gesinnung und Tat. Er war es im 1. als Vorstandsmitglied der Israelitischen Innersten verband. Er nahm aus der Fuelle Weltkrieg, in dem er vom Anfang bis zum Kultusgemeinde Nuernberg, des Landesver­ und gab in Fuelle. Er hatte Humor und konnte Ende als Offizier an der Front kaempfte und bandes Bayer. Israelitischer Gemeinden und ironisch sein, ohne zu verletzen. Er war rueck- als einer der Ersten fuer seine Tapferkeit mit vor allem als Vorsitzender der Nuernberger sichtlos im besten Sinne des Wortes und vor dem EK I ausgezeichnet wurde. Er war es, Ortsgruppe des C.V. Als schon Ende der allem meksichtsloos gegen sich selbst, wenn als die Nacht des Nationalsozialismus ueber 20ziger Jahre Streichers Taetigkeit in Nuern­ er Anderen helfen konnte. Der innerste Kern Deutschland hereinbrach, und er mit dersel­ berg und Franken einsetzte, war Walter seines Wesens aber war die Liebe zum Mit­ ben Hingabe, dem gleichen unerschrockenen Berlin einer der Wenigen, die darin nicht menschen, Waerme und Guete. In seiner Ehe Mut und dem gleichen Fuehrertum sich ganz das unheilvolle Tun eines Narren sahen, hatte er in seiner Gattin Rose Berlin eine dem Kampf fuer das Recht seiner Glaubens­ sondern den Keim der kommenden Kata­ Frau von ihm gleicher Integritaet und Tapfer' genossen hingab und sich nicht von Hitler strophe. Er wusste, dass wenigstens alles keit gefunden. Sie lehrte ihn, der so leiden­ Denken und Fuehlen verwirren und gebieten versucht werden muesse, um sie zu verhin­ schaftlich Freude und Schmerz empfinden liess. Er blieb es auch, nachdem er Deutsch­ dern, und schritt sofort zur Tat. Er konnte, Gleichmass und die Kunst, die Ding^ land verlassen hatte und deutsches Judentum verhandelte mit den Behoerden; er suchte des Lebens zu nehmen, wie sie kamen. paS die alleinige Gemeinschaft seiner Zugehoerig­ die drohende Gefahr denen klarzumachen, tiefste Glueck seiner alten Tage waren ih?' keit wurde. die noch Einfluss und die Moeglichkeit hatten, seine Enkelkinder. Im Kreise seiner Famine Aus dem Felde zuraeckgekehrt, trat Walter sie zu bekaempfen. Er, der vielbeschaeftigte, fand er die Erfuellung seines Lebens. in Berlin, zusammen mit seinem Freund und vornehme Anwalt fuehrte die Prozesse gegen den Jahren seiner Krankheit vertieften sicn Streicher, gegen Schmutz und Gemeinheit. die Weichheit und Guete seines Herzens una Vetter Fritz Josephthal, in die von seinem die Ausrichtung seiner Intelligenz auf u^' Onkel, dem Kgl. Bayer. Advokaten Hofrat Nach der " Machtergreifung", als im Wesentliche, zur Vollendung. Gustav Josephthal gegruendete, von dessen wachsenden Masse die Juden in Nuemberg, in Sohn Geheimrat Emil Josephthal weiter- Fuerth und in den vielen fraenkischen Mit seinen Angehoerigen trauern um Walter gefuehrte Anwaltskanzlei als dritte Genera­ kleineren Gemeinden in ihrer Existenz Berlin seine vielen, vielen Freunde in alle" tion ein. Er war ein Jurist von Gnaden, von bedroht wurden, wurde Walter Berlin ein Welt. Sein Frend zu sein, war eine tiefem Wissen, von raschester Auffassungs- Fuersprecher und Berater und Retter der Bereicherung fuer Jeden. Und es trauert uin gabe und, bei aller besonderen Gruendlichkeit, Verfolgten. Bald wurde er zu einem Fuehrer ihn das gesamte deutche Judentum. Walter von grosser Entschlussfreudigkeit. Damit der Juden weit ueber Franken hinaus. Nun Berlin verkoerperte eine Tradition, in der er verband er ein besonderes Verstaendnis fuer setzte er sein ganzes Wesen fuer sie ein. Die —und wir Alle—gelebt haben. War diese die wirtschaftlichen, immer schwieriger Ortsgnippe des C.V. wurde die zentrale Tradition, die Idee von der Synthese des werdenden Tatbestaende und fuer die Hilfs—und Beratungsstelle aller Bedraengten Judentums und des Deutschtums, ei Probleme der Nuernberger Industrie und fuer Rechtsschutz, soweit er nur noch Irrglaube? Die Gestalt Walter BerUns Kaufmannschaft. Zusammen mit seinem moeglich war, legale und illegale Auswan- beweist, dass sie kein Wahn, dass sie Wab^ Vetter hat er die fuehrende Stellung der derungen, fuer Wirtschaftshilfe, und was nur heit war, und weil es Menschen wie ihn S^hen grossen, alten Anwaltspraxis im Rechts— immer notwendig war, um die Verzweifelten konnte, wird ihr Untergang in der Geschichte und Wirtschaftsleben der Stadt zu erhalten der Vernichtung zu entziehen. Walter Berlin Deutschlands und in der Geschichte des und auzudehnen vermocht. Er war ein hat sich niemals einem Hilfesuchenden Judentums ewig eine Tragik sein. Redner, nicht der Finessen und der schaus- versagt, und manchem kam das Ansehen zu JULIE MEYER. ROBERT HELD- AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Page 9

" Faust", the best ambassador the German OBITUARY theatre could have abroad. His life was sensational, colourful and mysterious as his death. He survived Hinden­ DEATH OF GUSTAF GRUENDGENS Immediately he used his position to protect burg and Hitler and was equally admired by many in danger though he never talked about Jews and non-Jews. None can replace him in Gustaf Gruendgens who recently died m it later. Under his management the State the German theatre. PEM. Manila in the Philippines at the age of 64, Theatres staged outstanding theatre against was not only the outstanding personality of the Nazi principles and Gruendgens was also able FRIEND OF GERMAN JEWS DIES German stage in our generation as actor and to help numerous colleagues to survive : Erich director but a warm-hearted human being—an The burial in Coblenz of 75-year-old Mrs. Ziegel, Otto Wernicke, Paul Henkel, Paul Bildt Barbara Hannig was attended by representa­ aristocrat among actors. After eight years as and their wives all of whom were Jewesses. tives of the local Jewish community, who paid director of Hamburg's Schauspielhaus, he had Together with the late Kaethe Dorsch, he their last respects to this German woman. Mrs. given up his post and was on a world tour saved many lives; his stand against the Nazis Hannig risked her own life during the Nazi when he died. was never in doubt. When Goering lost his years to aid persecuted Jews. She gave them Born in Duesseldorf, Gruendgens started influence at the end of the war, Gruendgens food and supported them in other ways, setting with Erich Ziegel at Hamburg's Kammerspiele joined the Air Force because it was the only an example of sincere humanity. Her selfless and first came to Berhn with his wife, Erika way to give " his" Jews shelter against air attitude helped many Jews to preserve their Mann, as his partner, appearing in a " Revue raids in the basements of the theatres. faith in the good character of most Germans. zu Vieren" which included Klaus Mann and Gruendgens was taken prisoner by the ITALY REMEMBERS Pamela Wedekind in the cast. Later he joined Russians but freed by Gustav von Wangenheim Max Reinhardt's ensemble, playing brilliantly for East Berhn's Deutsches Theater. Here he Special ceremonies were held in the small in operettas and in cabaret. His productions produced a memorable performance of " Der township of Mejna. on Lake Maggiore, to mark the 20th anniversary of the slaughter included the stage version of Vicki Baum's Schatten ' and a wonderful cabaret revue of a group of Jewish refugees by thp Nazis "Menschen im Hotel" and Offenbach's " Theater, Theater " by Guenther Neumann. during the war. Members of the Adolf operettas at Berlin's Kroll Opera, I met him again in Duesseldorf when he Hitler S.S, Korps carried out this killing on We, for whom the German theatre ended in returned to the city where he was born. In orders from the notorious Colonel Theo 1933, last saw Gruendgens as Mephisto with contrast to most other Germans he never Saewecke who. until recently, held a senior Werner Ki-aus as Faust, directed by Gustav found it necessary to make excuses—he had post in the West German Government and Lindmann. He went on location to Spain with done everything in his power during all those against whom German justice appears in no Gitta Alpar when the Nazis came to power. years to help others. hurry to take proceedings, despite his On the screen Gruendgens made a name for In 1949 he came to Edinburgh with his own criminal past,—(J.C.) himself in Fritz Lang's "M" opposite Peter production of " Faust" and on returning to THERESIENSTADT REMEMBRANCE Lorre. Germany he brought with him Sybille Binder, Goering, who wanted to compete with where he made the last years of her life easier. A memorial meeting for the victims of the Goebbels who was in charge of all German Fritz Kortner and Anton Walbrook played in Theresienstadt concentration camp was held his theatre under his direction. His last eight at the cemetery there. Representatives of the theatres, and desired also to have a theatre Czech community and visitors from Israel, for his wife Emmy Sonnemann, on Gruend- years were spent in Hamburg, where 0. F, England, Belgium and Poland gathered at gen's return to Germany offered him the Schuh is his successor. He visited New York, Theresienstadt to commemorate the 36,000 who directorship of the State Theatres. He accepted Moscow and Venice—where I encountered him met their end there and the 100,000 who were reluctantly because he had little choice. for the last time just one year ago—with his deported to Auschwitz.

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Norman Benticich the " Casino" with the Lord Mayor, Signor Mario Lena, as chairman. The " Buch der Lieder", said Ossip Kalenter in a moving MOSES MONTEFIORE MEMORIAL speech, is the greatest bestseller after the Bible, translated into the languages of the Most members of the Richborough Camp and the modest residence of the Sephardi world, put to music by the composers will have visited the Montefiore Synagogue minister, remain; and they are tended with Schubert, Schumann and Mendelssohn—but and Memorial at Ramsgate, which was only a loving care. In the synagogue and tomb- monuments ? Not a handful. The one from Corfu now stands in Toulon, in London there is few miles away from the Camp. The Syna­ chamber, the Ner Tamid, the oil lamp, is a plaque near Charing Cross ; in Duesseldorf a gogue, conducted under the Sephardi rite, was always aUght with its gentle fiame. In the figure by MaiUol was put up in memory of the nearest Schul to the Camp. The Minister synagogue are the leather chair in which Sir Heine by an industrialist after the Second and the members of the small Jewish commu­ Moses sat and marble slabs with the prayer for World War. In Munich, Erich Kaestner last year nity of Ramsgate were good friends. the Royal Family. In the mausoleum are dedicated a fountain to the memory of Heine. "The name and family of Montefiore have other marble slabs which record the dates and Kalenter quoted the ever amazing prophecies been associated with Ramsgate for a century the pious life of Moses and Judith Montefiore. of Heine—from the tragedy " Aunansor' : and a half. Sir Moses Montefiore, the Prince May the synagogue continue to attract Jewish " Dort wo man Buecher verbrennt, verbrennt worshippers as well as visitors to the monu­ man am Ende auch Menschen " ; from " His­ in Israel of the Victorian age, had there his tory of ReUgion and Philosophy in Germany " : country-seat, East CUff Lodge, set in lovely ment of the noblest Jewish philanthropist of " Wenn Ihr es einst krachen hoert, wie es grounds, which are now a public park. his long age. noch nie in der Weltgeschichte gekracht hat, Adjoining the mansion was the memorial to It would be sad if this congregation in East so wisst: der deutsche Donner hat endUcn him and his wife, Judith. He erected within Kent, small as it is at present, should sein Ziel erreicht. Es wird ein Stueck auf­ a high-walled garden three buildings of disappear, as the congregation in near-by gefuehrt werden in Deutschland, wogegen die unusual architecture, which are still standing ; Canterbury has disappeared. The Canterbury franzoesische Revolution nur wie eine harm- a synagogue, a mausoleum, and a college synagogue building, indeed, in the form of an lose Idylle erscheinen moechte ". (Yeshiva). Professor Cherubini followed Ossip Kalenter Egyptian pylon (now used as a store), still and spoke on Heine's stay in Lucca. He stated The synagogue is in the Italian classical nestles in the shadow of the Cathedral. It that the old files of the Carabinieri, the lists style, and said to be a repUca of the synagogue may be that the synagogue, which was dedi­ of foreigners, the books and letters of the of Leghorn, from where his family came to cated by Moses Montefiore, will be restored time, revealed neither the house where Heine England. The mausoleum is oriental, a dome in the years to come to its proper use, when lived nor the names of his acquaintances. structure, and a copy of the traditional Tomb the University of Kent, now being planned in Neither did they indicate where his works of Rachel—the wife of the Patriarch, Jacob— Canterbury, is ready for its students. Among were written. As a curiosity Professor which is on the road between Jerusalem and the 3,000, for whom provision will be made, Cherubini exhibited a photograph taken in Bethlehem. The college is built of seven there will surely be a Jewish element. 1909 depicting a grandiose project for a monu­ houses, joined together in a crescent, and is ment for Heine in Bagni di Lucca. said to be modelled on the court-house of the The tablet, made by ItaUan workmen with­ ancient Sanhedrin. It was used in recent years HEINE MEMORIAL TABLET IN LUCCA out design or supervision, is in perfect taste for training Jewish students from North and is now fixed on the gateway to the Piazetta Africa to be rabbis and teachers, and then Bagni di Lucca, Heine's " Baeder von in front of the baths—a genuine emigre tablet to return to their home or go to Israel. The Lucca", one of the most beautiful places in in German and Italian by a London organisa­ Europe, Ues under a blue Italian sky, in a lush tion- GABRIELE TERGIT. institute itself has been moved to London, and Mediterranean and Nordic vegetation. It is the Ramsgate building is now deserted and watered by a rapid mountain river spanned by NEW SYNAGOGUE IN BIELEFELD derelict. an unbelievable bridge from the Middle Ages. I visited it last summer and again this Even an Indian tree—the tree of Buddha—is A new Synagogue and Community Centre in summer. There was a sad change: the end here. This place became one of the play­ the Stapenhorststrasse was solemnly inaugu­ of a chapter. Last year, though the college grounds of Europe after the Napoleonic wars. rated in the presence of representatives of Napoleon's brothers and sisters built their the Zentralrat of Jews in Germany, of other was not in use, the Montefiore library, with villas. Lord Byron lived in a Renaissance Jewish communities, the Mayor of Bielefeld his books, and the museum, with at least part palace, the Barrett-Brownings spent their and deputations from the Catholic and Protes­ of the treasures, still remained. Now they hoUdays from 1853—1859 in the woods and tant Churches. The service was conducted by have been altogether removed. The rooms are parks of this Tuscan paradise. " The Casino " the rabbi of the Land Westfalen Emil empty. The books and the treasures have been was erected in 1840, a glamorous background Davidovicz. moved to London: the most precious were for a pleasure-loving society, Eighteen- Bielefeld's beautiful synagogue in Turner- presented recently in a graceful ceremony thousand English people lived here at one strasse was completely destroyed on Novem­ to University College, London, to be added to time, and their memory is perpetuated in the ber 9, 1938. Before the war, Bielefeld had a English church and cemetery. Jewish community of 1,200 souls. Although the Mocatta Library and the Gustave Tuck Jews had resided in Bielefeld already before Museum. They include rare pieces of plate Lucca has been a Spa since as far back as 1370, the oldest documents referring to Jewisn which were presented to Sir Moses by grateful 1421, it has fango and hot springs which con­ tain five times as much radium as Vichy. In inhabitants of the city go back to that year. Jewish communities, and eloquent tributes 1828 Heine spent, as he said, the best time of When Bielefeld became Prussian in 1647, the in Hebrew, EngUsh, and other languages, which his life in Bagni. " Auf diesem heiteren tiny Jewish community began to grow; it poured in from all parts of the world at the Huegel, eine Zeit wo ich, berauscht von counted 65 souls in 1783, 350 a hundred years celebration of his hundredth birthday. The Uebermut und Liebesglueck auf den Hoehen later, 900 in 1926 and 1,200 in 1933. Today's site has been sold to the Kent County Council der Appeninnen umherjauchzte und grosse Jewish community in Bielefeld is very smaU and will be used for the erection of a school. wilde Taten traeumte, wodurch mein Ruhm indeed as can be gauged from the fact that Happily the synagogue and the mausoleum, sich ueber die ganze Erde verbreitete bis zur the new synagogue only holds 60 persons. fernsten Insel, wo der Schiffer des Abends am The second storey of the new building accom­ Herde von mir erzaehlen sollte," The result modates the administration and a number of was one of his most daring and humorous of rooms for social gatherings. Your HouM for:— books, " The Baths of Lucca ". When Ossip Kalenter, president of the CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO P,E,N, Centre of German-Speaking Authors UPHOLSTERY Abroad, discovered memorial tablets on the houses of Byron and Browning, he suggested W. HERZ that the emigre writers should put up a tablet SPiCIALTr to their great forefather. Kind and emdite (Novelties) helpers were found such as Professor Filippo CONTINENTAL DOWN Donini of the ItaUan Institute in London and Professor Bmno Cherubini, who knows the LIMITED QUILTS! " Reisebilder " by heart and has made " Heine and the Baths of Lucca" his special hobby. ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS The year 1963 was appropriate for this venture of the small band of survivors, fn the summer [SltMATiS FKCE of 1933, after the burning of the books, two great Englishmen—H. G. Wells and Hermon Princess House, Eastcastle St., DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Ould—expelled the Germans from the Inter­ national P,E.N, at the Ragusa (Dubrownik) London, W.l 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Congress. The German emigre writers (85 Telephone : ARN. 6671 per cent of all German writers) founded a new centre, the Centre of German Authors 'Phone: MUSeum 3767 Personal attention of Mr. W Schachmann. Abroad. The inauguration of the tablet took place in AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Page 11

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Richard Fuchs hat die urspriingliche kameradschaftUche Gleichheit unter den Kibbuz-MitgUedern einer durch die Verhaltnisse gebotenen kompUzier- ten Organisation Platz gemacht, in der die IN ZWEI WELTEN aktive Mitwirkung des einfachen Mitglieds an der Leitung und Lenkung immer mehr aus- (Fortsetzung der Oktober Nummer) geschaltet wird. So wird man befiirchten mussen, dass der Kibbuzbewegung der Wir wenden uns nun den Beitragen zu, die Technikums in Haifa, des Weizmann-Instituts Schwung fehlen wird, der sie einst auszeich­ den Aufbau Israels, meist unter dem Gesichts­ und des Bibliothekswesens im ganzen Lande. nete. Fur den Schreiber dieser Zeilen, dem punkt der Leistung der AUja aus Deutsch­ Die Hochachtung vor diesen Erfolgen bei seinem ersten Besuch in Erez Israel im land behandeln. beseitigte Vorurteile und fiihrte zu einer Jahre 1936 die Kibbuzbewegung das grosste Mit der umfangreichen hevorragenden voilen Einordnung. • Erlebnis war, ist die Erkenntnis erschutternd, Abhandlung "Kulturelle Probleme und Auf­ Unter den Beitragen, die sich mit der Ent­ dass hier etwas Grosses abzusterben droht, gaben der Juden aus Deutschland in Israel wicklung in Erez Israel befassen, nimmt der weil seine Zeit vorUber ist. Vielleicht wird seit 1933," deren reicher Inhalt hier nur Aufsatz von Gerda Luft " Zur Krise der Kib- aber spater in Israel, wenn die Reaktion der angedeutet werden kann, hat Curt Wormann, buz-Bewegung" wegen der besonderen Jugend gegen die VorwUrfe und Mahnungen der Direktor der jUdischen National— und Bedeutung des Gegenstandes und der aus­ der alteren Generation ihre Scharfe verloren Universitats-Bibliothek in Jerusalem, die erste gezeichneten Darstellung einen bedeutenden hat, die Kibbuzbewegung mit ihrer Opfer­ umfassende Darstellung der kulturellen Ein­ Platz ein. Die Verfasserin schildert eindrucks­ bereitschaft und ihrem Gemeinsinn als ein ordnung der Einwanderer aus Deutschland in voll, wie die Mitglieder der Kibbuzim nationaler Mythos fortleben. das Leben Israels gegeben. Diese Einord­ wegen ihrer wichtigen Aufgabe und der Harte In das Staatsleben des jungen Staates fuhrt nung vollzog sich keineswegs reibungslos. Die des Lebens, das sie auf sich genommen hatten, uns Hans Gerling in seinem schon erwahnten entscheidende Hilfe kam ihnen aus der als die Elite der Nation, galten und eine all­ schonen Aufsatz Uber den " Ersten Staatskon- eigenen Organisation der deutschen AUja der gemeine Hochachtung genossen, wie aber troUeur in Israel". Bei der Schaffung dieses Hitachduth Olej Germania, gegriindet und nunmehr durch die Veranderung der gesam­ hohen Amtes, dem die Ueberprufung des geleitet von fiihrenden Zionisten aus Deutsch­ ten Umweltbedingungen und der Struktur des gesamten Venvaltungsapparats obliegt, konnte land ; ihre Kulturarbeit wurde gepragt von der Kibbuz Krisenerscheinungen aufgetreten sind, die israelische Gesetzgebung sich weder auf bedeutenden. PersonUchkeit Jacob Sand­ welche die Fortdauer der Kibbuzim ernsthaft eine Tradition in der zionistischen Organisa­ banks und nach dessen allzu friihem Tode im infrage stellen. Mit dem Ausbruch des tion noch in der Mandatsverwaltung stutzen. Jahre 1939 von Curt Wormann, dem Verfasser jiidisch-arabischen Krieges und der Errich­ Die Bedeutung eines solchen Amtes hangt der Abhandlung, mit UnterstUtzung von Hans tung des Staates Israel erwuchsen der naturgemass davon ab, was sein Trager aus Tramer im gleichen Geiste fortgefiihrt. Das jiidischen Gemeinschaft eine Fiille von neuen ihm macht. Siegfried Moses war wegen der Erlernen der hebraischen Sprache war in Aufgaben: eine Armee, neue Verwaltungs- erstaunUchen Vielseitigkeit seiner beruflichen seiner Wirkung zunachst durch die mannig­ behorden und Verfassungsorgane mussten Erfahrungen, sowie wegen seiner PersonUch­ fachen personUchen Sorgen der Einwanderer geschaffen werden, und Fiihrer der Kibbuz- keit mit ihrer uberlegenen SachUchkeit und beschrankt, und dies erzeugte eine Reaktion bewegung Ubernahmen hohe Stellungen in Unparteilichkeit zur AusUbung dieses ein­ in der Haltung der iibrigen Judenheit des diesen neuen Organisationen. Mit Ergriffen­ zigartigen Amtes befahigt wie kein anderer, Landes, deren Mehrheit von der Bedeutung heit liest man, dass zunachst Abgeordnete der und so wurde er fur drei Amtsperioden hinter- des deutschen Judentums fiir das jiidische Knesset Mitglieder ihres Kibbuz blieben, ihr einander einstimmig vom Parlament in dieses Volk und seine Kultur, wie sie Martin Buber Gehalt in die gemeinsame Kasse ablieferten, Amt gewahlt, das er von 1949 bis 1961 be- 1939 in einem schonen Aufsatz meisterhaft am Samstag nach Hause kamen und den Ab- kleidete, bis er die ihm angebotene vierte Wahl kennzeichnete, nichts wusste; ihnen waren waschdienst in der Kiiche Ubernahmen. Aber ablehnte. Inzwischen war er zum Symbol des die Einwanderer aus Deutschland, die in der sie horten doch praktisch auf, als Mitglieder Amtes geworden, das jedem kUnfligen Trager Sprache Hitler's redeten, Vertreter einer ver­ des Kibbuz zu wirken. Ebenso verlangte die den Weg weist. hassten Welt. So setzte Kampf und Terror Industrie, welch die Landwirtschaft aus dem In einem Beitrag uber " Neue wirtschaft­ gegen deutschsprachige Zeitungen und Ver­ Zentrum des Interesses verdrangt hat, nach Uche Entwicklungen in Israel" berichtet sammlungen, gegen die Beschaftigung wert­ neuen Kraften, Auch die im Lande geborene Jeschaoahu Foerder mit der Sachkunde einer voller Fachkrafte der deutschen Alija ein. israelische Jugend deren Beste noch bis in die der fuhrenden Persdnlichkeiten im offent­ Wormann schildert die tragische Situation der Mitte der 50er Jahre als naturliche Reserve lichen Bankwesen des Landes uber die in der deutschen Sprache verwurzelten Dich­ der Kubbuzim betrachtet worden waren, ver­ Ursachen und bisherigen Wirkungen der ter und Schriftsteller. SchliessUch wurde aber lor ihre Begeisterung fur die Bewegung und Abwertung des israelischen Pfundes iffl die Ueberwindung dieser Spannung erreicht, wandte sich dem Hochschulstudium zu. Die Februar 1962. vor allem durch die wertvollen Leistungen der alte Generation spricht missbilligend von dem Der Rest der Festschrift is der wissenschaft­ deutschen Einwanderer auf zahlreichen Schwinden des Pioniergeistes unter den Ein­ lichen Erforschung weiter zurUckliegender Gebieten des offentlichen. sozialen und kul­ wanderern und der Jugend und brandmarkt Erscheinungen sowie Fragen der historischen turellen Lebens. Auf kulturellem Gebiet diese Haltung als " Karrierismus", Aber Forschungsmethode gewidmet. Er wird iffl weist Wormann vor allem hin auf den Aufbau die Menschen fuhlen sich nun einmal zu den dritten Teil dieser Besprechung in der der hebraischen Universitat in Jerusalem, des neuen grossen Aufgaben hingezogen, Ferner nachsten Ausgabe gewurdigt werden. AJR CHARITABLE TRUST Such pretty things at Reasonable These are the ways in which you can help: Prices CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER COVENANT (in lieu of your membership subscription to the AJR). A Covenant commits the covenanter for a period of seven years or during his life, whichever period is shorter. GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL Ask for particulars from: BRANCHES IN MAIN TOWNS The Secretary, AJR Charitable Trust, 8 Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.S. Space donated by TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED, Britannia Works, 25 St. Pancras Way, N.W.I. AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Page 13

spirit in which it has been carried out. SILVER JUBILEE OF SELF AID This year's concert will take place in the Wigmore Hall on Tuesday, November 19 (see Twenty-five years have passed since the considering that most supporters of the new the advertisement in our October issue). The history of the Jews in Germany came virtually organisation were themselves still struggUng Netherlands Chamber Orchestra has, in the to an end. What happened after 1938 was a to find their feet, is was a creditable achieve­ eight years of its existence, won a place of rapid process of Uquidation which, for a ment. With the outbreak of the war, the international renown and given performances minority, meant emigration and the struggle influx of refugees stopped, but new and diffi­ at several of the major European Music Festi­ for a new existence abroad and, for the cult problems presented themselves, par­ vals and has toured the U.S.A. and Canada. Kiajority, the beginning of the tragic end. ticularly during and after the " BUtz". The conductor and soloist, Szymon Goldberg, Turning our thoughts back to that fateful year, Nevertheless, Self Aid managed to raise some the former leader of the Berlin Philharmonic We should, in our sorrow, not overlook the £10,000 during the last years of the war. Orchestra and a violinist of international heartening fact that it also saw the beginning In 1947 the organisation widened its scope fame, needs no introduction to our readers. of rehabiUtation in most of the countries of of activities to include relief for all who, for We wish the concert every success, as its refuge, the first steps towards the estabUsh- reasons of racial or religious persecution, had proceeds will help Self Aid to continue the •^ent of German-Jewish communities abroad, to leave their countries of origin. Representa­ valuable work which has, during the last 3 great spirit of solidarity between fellow tives from various Central European countries twenty-five years, lightened life's burdens for refugees and a sustained attempt to rescue, as joined the Executive Committee and Self Aid's so many of our fellow refugees. «>ng as there was still time, the greatest num­ fleld of operations was extended beyond JEWS' TEMPORARY SHELTER IN 1962 ber of those who were still trapped in London and the Home Counties. With "ermany. increased responsibilities, the need for larger The Annual Report of Jews' Temporary Among the organisations founded towards resources became imperative and since 1951 Shelter for 1962, its 77th year, has just been these ends, Self Aid of Refugees certainly a yearly concert has been held, under the published and makes most impressive reading. oeserves a place of honour. Self Aid's Silver patronage of the Countess of Harewood, to The importance of its work may be gauged Jubilee will not only be remembered with swell the organisation's funds. Since 1954, the from the fact that in the year under review Sratitude by all those who benefited from its Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and 13,902 night-lodgings were provided to Jews activities during a quarter of a century but Rehabilitation has supported Self Aid's work in transit for many of whom, in view of their ^«o, with a deep sense of satisfaction, by all by very generous grants. Until then about very limited means, the Shelter is a real those sponsors and supporters without whose £53,000 had been raised and spent on the haven. Two hundred and fifty one persons {•elp it could not have carried out its humani- assistance of refugees ; in the nine years which benefited from the facilities, making the tanan work. The AJR—to whose activities followed. Self Aid distributed almost £190,000 average stay in the Shelter 55 days per head. inose of Self Aid are complementary—has for among its proteges, a truly impressive figure. The Shelter offers not only lodging but also many years co-ordinated its efforts with their Perhaps only those who have taken part in complete care for its residents. Its President team of workers and we have been able to social activities can visualise the enormous is Major Albert S. W. Joseph. solve together many difficult problems. amount of detailed work and investigations ^, Self Aid, initiaUv styled Self Aid of German that are necessary to dispense sums of this ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SABBATH ^-migrants, was started in 1938 as the first magnitude in a just and efficient manner. It refugee organisation in this country in an OBSERVANCE EMPLOYMENT BUREAU "Uempt to give help from their own ranks to should also be remembered that financial t°e two EngUsh bodies who concerned them­ assistance is only a part, often the smaller part, The Sabbath Observance Employment selves with the plight of the German Jews, the of rehabiUtation: equally important is the Bureau, Woburn House, has published its jLewish Refugees Committee and the Society of genuine participation in each individual's report for 1962. It is a charitable institution 'Fiends, In the first year, under the chair- problems, sympathy and understanding, the trying to place those who wish to observe the nianship of S. G. Warburg, 177 people were art to create confidence, to give advice in a Sabbath and all Jewish festivals fully. In the assisted and more than £2,200 was spent on tactful manner, to comfort and to encourage. year under review 444 appUcants were placed ; ineir resettlement. In the Ught of later No yearly balance sheet gives an account of of these 100 were clerks, 70 secretaries/short­ "evelopments this may seem a small effort, but these daily endeavours but those who are hand typists whilst the remainder was spread acquainted with Self Aid's work know the over a great variety of employments.

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HANS OPPENHEIMER 60 Birthday Tributes On November 13, Mr. Hans Oppenheimer (New York) will celebrate his OOth birthday. In Germany he was well known through his activities under the auspices of the Central- DR. JACOB JACOBSON 75 accumulated a Ufe-long experience in this Verein. He also worked for several years sphere could achieve a work of this kind. We with Ullstein's Propylaeen Verlag. On November 27, Dr. Jacob Jacobson will sincerely hope that a sequel, recording the Hans Oppenheimer's name is closely linked celebrate his birthday. There are few Jewish marriages in Berlin, will follow with­ with the publication of the " Philo-Lexikon , scholars i •.dst whose knowledge of out undue delay. of which he was one of the editors. It the history fan Jewry, especially since is gratifying that he has now embarked on the period fcipation, is equal to his. It is only natural that a man of Jacob the preparation of a new post-war edition Jacob Jacobson was the Jacobson's standing is also closely associated For man; with the work of the Leo Baeck Institute as of this " Handbuch des juedischen Wissens Director of tB esamtarchiv der deutschen a Board Member and trusted adviser of the which will be of equal importance for readers Juden. In this capacity he collected, admini­ Institute's British section. "AJR Informa­ inside Germany and for Jews from German- stered and perused the documents referring tion " too is indebted to him for his expert speaking countries. to our past. He stayed at the helm when the contributions to this journal. His friends and former colleagues, now Nazis came to power and was deported to scattered all over the world, wish him happi­ Theresienstadt during the war. Notwithstanding his scholarship, Jacob ness and success for many years to come. After the Uberation he came to England Jacobson has always seen the human aspects to join his family. Here, he has continued of his work. His introduction to the CZECH PRIZE FOR JEWISH THEME " Buergerbuecher" reflects his passionate The Czechoslovak Writers' Union prize for his activities as a research worker and author. love and understanding for the destiny of his One of the latest fruits of his labours was people, and to no lesser degree, for the indivi­ the best novel of 1963 has been awarded to the the publication of the " Judenbuergerbuecher dual tragedies suffered by Jews and men of non-Jewish author, Ladislav Fuks, for his new der Stadt BerUn (1809-1851) ", a unique record Jewish extraction after 1933. Another quality book, " Theodore Mundstock", which has a of Berlin Jewish families. By the compilation which so often goes together with genuine Jewish theme. The book, shortly to be trans­ of the names and other official particulars scholarship is his exceedingly great modesty. lated into EngUsh and German, tells the story and, even more, by Jacobson's annotations this of a Jewish worker who is consoled by the work has become an indispensable source in We extend our sincere birthday greetings to faith of his fellow-Jews at the time of the Nazi the field of Jewish genealogy and Jewish our friend Jacob Jacobson, and wish him many persecution and is able to face trial, torment history. Only a man who, like Jacobson, has years of further work in health and happiness. and, finally, death.—(J.C.) FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED SENIOR CLERK, experienced in TYPEWRITER WANTED (as gift) Situations Vacant indexing, filing, statistics, figure for housebound, needy lady. Box Birthday work, seeks part-time or full-time 327. Bab.—Mrs. Erna Bab, 28 North- ANWALT sucht Mitarbeiter(in) position. Box 323. ways, N.W.S, will celebrate her mit Sachkunde und Erfahrung z. AJR Attendance Service "TSth birthday on November 3. Bearbeitung von Wiedergutma- ADMINISTRATIVE POSITION WOMEN available to care for sick chungsfaellen, Keine Vollbeschaef­ wanted by trustworthy woman, people and invalids, as companions Josephs. — Mrs. August (Joe) tigung & keine zeitliche oder buero- formerly own fancy goods business. Josephs, 8 Grove End Gardens, and sitters-in; full- or part-time maessige Bindung. Box 316. Experienced oflBce work, good at (not residential). 'Phone MM- London, N.W.8, celebrated her 75th figures, no typing experience. Box birthday on October 27th. WANTED general office worker 4449. for telephone, duplicating, post 326. Ries.—Mrs. Agnes Ries, nee Sil­ MISSING PERSONS and messages. Full- or part-time. FORMER MILLINER, neat worker, bermann (formerly Berlin and Box 314. London) will celebrate her 90th reUable, available to do mending. Personal Inquiries Situations Wanted Box 328, birthday on November 14th in Brauer.—Ilse Brauer, formerly New York—100 West Kingsbridge Men For Sale Dresden, Joh. Georgen-Allee, who Road, F.208, Bronx, New York, EX-COMPANY SECRETARY (Eng­ BRAND-NEW OLIVETTI portable came to England in 1938, sougni U.S.A. Ush), 30 years' ofiBce experience, typewriter; has never been used; by her 75-year-old uncle, Julius Engagements starting free-lance bookkeeping/ zipper case ; purchased July, 1961 Weissmann, Schwerin, Werderstr. shorthand-typist service. Would (£25 10s,) ; 12 months' guarantee 59 (D.D.R.). Any information Jackman—Walters. The engage­ welcome inquiries. Box 311. has expired; £20 or near offer. should be sent either to his addr^s ment is announced of Irene, Box 310. or to Mr. Alfred Scharf er, 58 Th^ daughter of Mrs. Wera Jackman YOUNG MAN, good education and Drive, Golders Green, London, and the late Walter Jackman, of appearance, requires position where Accommodation Vacant N.W.ll. 16 Mayfields Close, Wembley Park, trust and integrity matter. WilUng Middlesex, and Gerald, son of Mr. to train; suggestions invited. HERBST UND WINTER AN DER Inquiries by AJR and Mrs. James Walters (formerly Box 313. COTE D'AZUR Nizza, moebl. Studio, Luxusblock, nahe Prome­ Highbury Home for CMldren.-- Warschauer), of Collendean, Links BOOKKEEPER, experienced, good Mrs, Rosi Lehmann (nee Seemann^ Road, Bramley, Guildford, Surrey. nade des Anglais, Lift, Zentral­ references, seeks full- or part-time heizung, Terrasse. Zu vermieten is looking for persons who traineo Lowe—Kaska. The engagement is work. Box 317. announced of Robert Lowe, LL.B,, per Tag, Woche, Monat. Box 315. with her as a baby nurse at tne HANDYMAN, versatile, 51, trust­ Highbury Home for Children, May. only son of Mr, and Mrs. H. Personal Lowe, of 9 Clarendon Gardens, worthy, seeks suitable work, also 1936 to May, 1937, Wembley, and Sylvia Joyce, only experienced packer. Box 318. WELL - EDUCATED professional Biermann.—Mrs. Hildegard Bier- daughter of Mr. and Mrs. T. H. ISRAELI STUDENT, 25, has work­ gentleman, late thirties, very good mann (nee Beck) and her son, Kaska, of 54 Chambers Lane, ing permit, speaks German, Eng­ family background and position, Ludwig, sought by Mrs. Schmug- N.W.IO. lish, Hebrew; experienced labora­ wishes to meet cultured, attractive gerow, of Berlin. young lady up to about thirty. View Newman—Wiener. The engage­ tory technician, storekeeper (tex­ Sperling.—Mr. Sigmund Sperling tiles), seeks work 4 days per week. friendship or matrimony. Box 309. and his wife, Johanna Karoune ment is announced of Peter, Box 319, elder son of Dr. and Mrs, F. L. Miscellaneous SperUng (n§e Pichler). Newman, of 312 Regent's Park CLERK/TYPIST, retired, good Hirschfeld.—Ruth Regina Hirsch­ Road. Finchley, and Bridget, references, seeks homework. Box VISITING SECRETARY, typing, feld, daughter of Leo and Johanna daughter of Mr. and Mrs, J. Wiener, 320. translating, interpreting, English, (nee Treidel) Hirschfeld, formerly of Penrhyn Lodge, 14 St. Mark's FORMER TEXTILE MANUFAC­ German, French; own typewriter. from Siegburg, Germany. Hill, Surbiton, Surrey. TURER seeks position as store­ FUL. 8181. Death keeper, also has experience of SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and Freeden — Mrs. Lucy Freeden electrical trade and a knowledge permanently removed by qualified BLUE DANUBE CLUB passed away on October 10th in of simple bookkeeping. Box 321. Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. Switzerland. Mrs. Freeden was BOOKKEEPING for small busi­ Facials. Body Massage. Visits for many years a devoted member nesses, dealing with sales day-book arranged. Mrs, Dutch, D,R.E., 239 announces of the staff of the Friends of the and sales ledger, purchase day-book Willesden Lane, N.W.2. Tel.: WIL­ Hebrew University of Jerusalem. and bought ledger, cash books up lesden 1849, to Trial Balance, also wages and PETER HERZ P.A.Y.E, Box 325. DEUTSCHE BUECHER KAUFT LUGGAGE REPAIRS Continental Book Supply, 32 Com­ in his NEW SHOW Women mercial Road, London, E,l, Nur Lara* S(l«ctlen of ill typn et trntl goods, during •spKlally Air TraTcl Cases. LADY seeks position, daily or schriftl, Angeb. od. Tel.: MAI. All traval goods repaired. hourly, as cook. Efficient, able to 6892. Christmas/New Year Old trunks and cases bought. bake. Box 312. FAIRFIELD » FUCHS LADY wishes to be taught to play period 210 Wast End Lane. N.W,6 CLERK / TYPIST, experienced, cards (Kaluki, Bridge, etc.), 'Phone HAMpstead 2602 good references, seeks post daily beginner, 'Phone SPE, 4851 or Full details m our next issue. from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. Box 322. write Box 324. AJR INFORMATION November, 1963 Page 15 ^' Rosenberg THERESIENSTADT CHILDREN'S DRAWINGS TWO EXHIBITIONS An exhibition of " Children's Drawings of Ben Uri Art GaUery few. Gerard Terborch (1617-1681) is repre­ Two Epochs " recently opened at the old town sented by a noble full-length portrait of a man hall in Prague, organised jointly by the State The Ben Uri Art Gallery is to be congratu­ and a wonderful " Interior with a sleeping Jewish Museum and the municipal art gallery. lated on its tireless efforts to encourage and soldier." A most impressive head is attributed Its main feature was the juxtaposition of the exhibit paintings and sculptures by Jews. to Dou and Rembrandt. Yet I was struck by now famous collection of drawings by children DeUberately I do not say " Jewish artists", the " modernity" of Dutch Masters of the in the Theresienstadt Ghetto, with drawings by for many of the exhibitors are only seventeenth century. Take e.g., Jan Wynants' schoolchildren made during ttie last school ' amateurs" and perhaps they are the more landscape. The simplicity of it! The stark year. welcome for that. Out of about 100 exhibitors depicting of broken or decaying tree trunks, In the words of a visitor, the Theresienstadt I shall only single out a few who have a foreshadowing Graham Sutherland and, I am drawings have a shattering effect on those who Continental background. Helen de Beer was sure, implying more than " meets the eye ", In see them. It is heightened by the happy, care­ born in German Friesland and is the wife of that respect Willem Klaasz Heda's still-life free themes of the schoolchildren's drawings a well-known art dealer. During her holidays seems to me a supreme example. On a table which contrast strongly with the sad and in the South of France she did a great number we find arranged some beautiful and precious sombre themes of the drawings from the con­ of water-colours of which two are on view, objects : a porcelain bowl, a shining pewter centration camp. ihey show her love of nature and her admir­ platter, a centre-piece, lying on its side, a rich able competence as an " amateur ", goblet half-filled with wine. On the plate lies The main address at the gala opening of the The borderline between the professional and a lemon half peeled, its top cut off. On the exhibition was given by Dr. Norbert Fryd, the the amateur is completely blurred in the case right corner an unsheathed dagger is placed. author, who used to give secret lessons to the of.Dr, and Mrs. Tuttnauer. One of "Tutt's" Nothing could be calmer in its composition and children in Theresienstadt.—(J.C.) Paintings exhibited here, has already been on its colouring and yet a whole drama, the drama View in the Royal Academy. of human existence and destiny, is displayed. QUEEN WILHELMINA'S MEMOIRS Two women take pride of place. Erna The costly centre-piece is not standing any Nonnenmacher once again proves her great longer, the wine in the goblet begins to dis­ Queen Wilhelmina of Holland's memoirs skill and sense of form in two small bronze appear, the lemon is on its way to destruction " Lonely but not Alone " have now been pub­ statues, Adele Reifenberg is represented by and the open dagger uncannily tells us the lished, about a year after her death. They rest. have been edited by Thijs Booij, her last three landscapes, two of Israel and one of Private Secretary. Although the queen spoke Cornwall, The luminous colouring and the This is the " religious " art of seventeenth- German fiuently—her mother and her husband eubistic composition reveal an artist of long century Holland. were of German origin—she never uttered a experience who has achieved mastery of her word of German from the morning of inedium. VIENNA SYNAGOGUE REOPENED May 10th, 1940, the day when Hitler's armies Alfred Brod Gallery The main synagogue of Vienna, the Seiten- invaded her country. WJjenever a German stetten Tempel, which was destroyed by the text was submitted to her, she looked at it Annual Autumn Exhibition of Paintings Nazis in 1938 and completely rebuilt this year, as if it were written in a language foreign by Old Dutch and Flemish Masters was formally re-opened early in September. to her and asked " to have it kindly trans­ At Alfred Brod's we are in the realm of The ceremonies were attended by the Israeli lated ". Until her death she never forgave *ne undisputed masters. I think this is one Ambassador to Austria, oflBcials of the the nation " which had razed Rotterdam to the ^f the most remarkable exhibitions the Gallery Austrian Government and delegates of the ground, had turned her beloved Putten into has ever brought together. It is not every Protestant and Catholic Churches. a village of widows and had exterminated ^ay that we will see a portrait of Luther by The original synagogue was built in 1826 her Jews like vermin ". Very reluctantly she jjUcas Cranach. But. of course, the Nether­ and a brief survey of its history was given at gave permission for the book to be published lands take pride of place. Of the many great the occasion by the President of the Vienna in German but she never held a copy of the Pictures and names I shall only dwell on a Jewish Community, Ernst Feldsberg. German edition in her hands.

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SIMAR HOUSE "THE CONTINENTAL" The Exclusive The private Continental Hotel 9 Church Road, Salon de Corseterie 10-12 Herbert Road PICARDY Southbourne, Bournemouth BOURNEMOUTH WEST (Bournemouth 48804) Mme H. LIEBERG ^s always, the House with the Facing sea. 2 comfortable 871 FINCHLEY ROAD home-like atmosphere lounges, dining-room (seats 30). and its beautiful gardens. HOTEL TV. Car pork. Large garden. 'Phone : SPEedwell 8673 CENTRALLY HEATED Central heating throughout. Open the whole year Come and enjoy a comfortable and From 7 gns. per week. Ready-made and DIETS on request restful holiday at specially reduced Book early for Christmas. With, n easy reach ot Sea and Town Centre terms for AJR members up to to measure December 20, Mrs, MARGOT SMITH Mr. Gr Mrs. H. Schreiber. EXPERT Cr QUALIFIED FITTERS Phone: Wesfbourne 64176 Book early for Christmas.

Do you want comfort ar»d SWI. 2202 every convenience. COMFORTAIR NORWEST CAR HIRE First-Class Accommodation FOR room with own bath, excellent Continental LTD. food. TV. lounge, gardens ? All Heating and Plumbing Mr*. A. WOLFF. 3 Hemttoi Rood, N.W.6 SPE. 0615 SMALL CAR HIRE HAM. 4150 & 4154 (MAI. 8521) Page 16 AJR INFORMATION November, 1963

LETTERS TO THE EDFTOR Round and About Konzentrationslager Mauthausen Sir,—I am engaged in research concerning JUBILEE OF CENTRAL JEWISH LECTURE ZION HOUSE LECTURES the notorious Mauthausen concentration camP- COMMITTEE From the official records of British internees We should like to remind our readers of the it appears that of those listed the mortality The Central Jewish Lecture Committee of Zion House Lectures on " Jewish Writers of rate was total. There are a number of eye­ the Board of Deputies of British Jews recently Modern Times" announced in the previous witness accounts to the effect that there were celebrated the SOth anniversary of its founda­ issue of " AJR Information". Readers in British prisoners taken to Mauthausen who are tion. The Committee provides speakers and London will find in this issue a leaflet carry­ not included in the camp's official list. If J^VV information on Judaism, Jewish life and ing the full syllabus of the lectures. of your readers have any knowledge of British Group Relations. Its material is widely used In view of the topicality of the subject and survivors from this camp I should be by Christian teachers and lecturers and such the high standing of the speakers it is hoped extremely pleased to hear from them. leading bodies as the Council of Christians that many members and friends of the AJR Yours etc and Jews, the Free Church Federal Council, will attend the lectures. (MRS.) 'EVELYN B. FRANKS. the World Federation for Mental Health and 113 Cliffe Road, the National Union of Teachers. The Com­ BAZAAR AT OTTO SCHIFF HOUSE Strood, Rochester, Kent. mittee thus fulfils an important function in the field of furthering understanding between On Sunday, 6th October, a bazaar was held MAX HERRMANN-NEISSE Jews and other religious groups. The cele­ at Otto Schiff House, which, thanks to the Sir,—Darf ich, als eine Neisserin, schliesslich bration of the anniversary at Woburn House untiring efforts of the staff, the house com­ was attended by numerous personalities and eine Bemerkung zu dieser Frage machen : Max mittee members and their friends, was a great Herrmann-Neisse stammte aus einer kleinen presided over by the Rev. I. Livingstone, success. From articles made by the residents Chainnan of the Committee. Gastwirtschaft in der Wilhelmstrasse, Neisse. and donated by friends of Otto Schiff House Seine (sehr schoene) Frau Leni, geb. GebeK, an amount of £250 was collected, which will stammte aus einem Uhrenladen in Neisse. be passed on to the British Aid Committee, HONOUR FOR "SPUTNIK" MAN Beide Familien hatten nicht das Geringste mtt Jewish Institute for the Blind, Jerusalem. dem Judentum zu tun. France's Galabert prize has been awarded to CHARLOTTE SINGER. Dr. Arye Shternfeld, the " father of the Sput­ "WESTFALIA JUDAICA" Birmingham. niks ". for his part in the conquest of the cosmos. A Soviet Jew of Polish origin and a The review of the book on Jews in West­ END OF ALGERIAN COMMUNITY native of Lodz, Dr. Shternfeld lived in Paris phalia (September, 1963) carried a reference in the late 1920s and early 1930s. to an essay on David Gans, of Lippstadt, who According to competent observers, in a fey[ was described as the first Jew in modern times months the Jewish community of Algeria Wi" BELGIUM HONOURS MARTYRS to study general science. We have been asked cease to exist. Recent waves of emigration by the reviewer. Dr. Walter Ostwald, to state have reduced the number of Jews left in the Over 1,500 Jews from all parts of Belgium that in his manuscript he had also mentioned country to about 3,800. Two years ago the took part in the annual pilgrimage to Malines, that Gans was the first modern Jewish histo­ Algerian Jewish population was in the region from where 26,000 Jews were deported by the rian who, under the heading " Zemach David ", of 135,000. Most of those who remain, living Germans during the war to extermination published a two-volume Jewish and General mainly in Algiers and Oran, are believed to camps in Eastem Europe. World History. be preparing to leave.

PHOTOCOPIES BRASSIERES, CORSETS M. FISCHLER QUICK and RELIABLE HIGHEST PRICES INTERIORS AND CORSELETS (Previously M. Fischler). paid for (Continental Upholstery) ANNOUNCING THE OPENING OF A GOLDERSTAT Ladies' and Gentlemen's cast-off All mode to measure COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHING SERVICE 25, Downham Road, N.l Clothing, Suitcases, Trunks, etc. Come to us tor your Carpets, Curtains (Ladies' large sizes preferred) MRS. A. MAYER and Upholstered Furniture. •Phone : CLIssold 5464 (5 lines) WE GO ANYWHERE. ANY TIME 17 Walm Lane, N.W.2 54. Golders Gardens. N.W.II 'Phone No.: SPE. 1451 Phone: WIL. 0762,- oenings EOG. 5411 'Phone : SPEedwell 5643 S. DIENSTAG JEWISH BOOKS (HAMpstead 0748) of all kinds, new and second-hand. STANDARD SEWING MACHINE SERVICE Ltd. R g- fi (ELECTRICAL LTD. Whole Libraries and Single Volumes ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. L»d • Bt *I. INSTALLATIONS) fc • •'' bought. Taleisim. Bookbinding. (Incorporating Reissner & Goldberg) M. SULZBACHER Q^^^V All Makes Bought, Sold I, Exchanged. ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS JEWISH It HEBREW BOOKS (also purchase) S^^BSwg^^ Repairs, Maintenance. 199b Belsize Rood, N.W.6 4 Sneath Avenue, Golders Green Rd., *"'^"* 18 CRAWFORD STREET. BAKER STREET, W.l MAI. 2646 Lendon, N.W.n. Tel.: SPE. 1694 Agents for Hoover, Frigidaire, Kenwood DEUTSCHE BUECHER WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL Thermodore Warm Home Specioli*** GESUCHT! Through F. FRIEDLAND k. b E. STEINER (BOOKS) INTERIOR FITTINGS S GARSON HOUSE, GLOUCESTER TERRACE. LONDON. W.2 Built-in Furniture, General Wood­ 'Phone ; AMBassador 1564 BARON TRAVEL COMPANY work, Formica work Ausgewaehites Lager seltencr und 15, EDGWAREBURY GARDENS. vergrlflener Buecher. 99 FRAMPTON ST., N.W.S EDGWARE. MIDDLESEX (off Edgware Road) Tel. : STOnegrove 5019 - 8626 'Phone: PADdington 3714 RABEXSTEIIV Ltd. Cables : TRANSBARON, EDGWARE PROPRIETOR ; ). G. ). BARON. M T.A.I. Kosher Butchers, Poulterers H. KAUFMANN ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE Painting & Decorating and MEMBER OF TRAVEL TRADE ASSOCIATION & BRITISH TRAVEL & HOLIDAYS ASSOCIATION Specialising in Sausage Manufacturers High-class Interior Decorating Under the supervision of the Beth Din 201 Wembley Hill Road, Wholesalers and Retailers The WIGMORE LAUNDRY ltd. Wembley, Middx. (ARNold 5525) oj first-class SHOE REPAIRS CONTINENTAL LAUNDRY SPECIALISTS RICHS SHOE REPAIR SERVICE Continental Sausages Most London Districts Served (formerly REICH) now at Daily Deliveries SHE. 4575 brings us by radio 133, HAMILTON RD.. N.W.l! (2 minutes Brent Station) 11 Fairhazel Gardens, N.W.6 Write or 'phone the Manager, 24-hour telephone service Wg collect and deliver 'Phone: MAI. 3224 and MAI. 9236 MR. E. HEARN, 1 STRONSA ROAD, LONDON, W.12 'Phone: SPE. 7463 ; HAM. 1037

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