DOCSLIB.ORG

Vrstna Raznolikost Mahov in Praproti Lampenflore V Veliki Jami V Briščikih (SV Italija)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vrstna Raznolikost Mahov in Praproti Lampenflore V Veliki Jami V Briščikih (SV Italija) COBISS: 1.01 Species diversitY of BRYophYTES AND FERNS of lampenflora IN Grotta Gigante (NE ItalY) Vrstna raznolikost mahov in praproti lampenflore V VELIKI jami V BRIŠČIKIH (SV Italija) Miris Castello1 Abstract UDC 582.3:551.442(450.361) Izvleček UDK 582.3:551.442(450.361) Miris Castello: Species diversity of Bryophytes and ferns of Miris Castello: Vrstna raznolikost mahov in praproti lampen- lampenflora in Grotta Gigante (NE Italy) flore v Veliki jami v Briščikih (SV Italija) Lampenflora consists of phototrophic organisms which grow Lampenfloro sestavljajo fototrofni organizmi, ki rastejo v bližini near artificial light. In caves with artificial lighting, a vegeta- umetne svetlobe. V jamah z umetno razsvetljavo lahko okoli luči tion of aerophytic cyanobacteria and algae, bryophytes and najdemo različno vegetacijo, od aerotrofnih cianobakterij in alg ferns can be found around lamps; these communities represent do mahov in praproti. Te skupnosti predstavljajo spremembo an alteration of the underground environment and may cause podzemnega okolja in lahko povzročijo poškodbe kapnikov in damages both to speleothems and cave fauna. The development jamske favne. Razvoj lampenflore je tipičen pro blem pri uprav- of lampenflora is a typical problem for show cave management. ljanju jam. Leta 2012 so bile izvedene floristične raziskave ma- A floristic research of bryophytes and ferns (land plants) of hov in praproti (kopenske rastline) v Veliki jami v Briščikih, lampenflora was carried out in 2012 in Grotta Gigante, a very znani turistični jami Tržaškega Krasa v SV Italiji, da bi ugo- well-known show cave of the Trieste Karst (NE Italy), in order tovili vrstno raznolikost lampenflore. V temnem delu turistične to compile a species inventory. 26 sites near artificial lights of jame je bilo vzorčevanih 26 lokacij v bližini različnih vrst um- different kinds were sampled in the dark zone of the show cave. etnih luči. Najdenih je bilo 16 vrst mahu in dve vrsti prapro- 16 moss species and 2 ferns were found; no liverworts were ob- ti, medtem ko ni bilo opaženih nobenih jetrenjakov. Najbolj served. The most common species are the mosses Eucladium pogosti so mahovi Eucladium verticillatum, Fissidens bryoides, verticillatum, Fissidens bryoides, Oxyrrhynchium schleicheri, Oxyrrhynchium schleicheri, Rhynchostegiella tenella in praprot Rhynchostegiella tenella and the fern Asplenium trichomanes; 7 Asplenium trichomanes. Sedem vrst mahov je bilo najdenih le moss species were found only in one to two sites. Some moss na dveh lokacijah. Nekatere vrste mahov pripadajo rastlinstvo species belong to the flora of natural cave entrances of the Ital- naravnih jamskih vhodov na Italijanskem Krasu, medtem ko so ian Karst, while other are typical of disturbed, open habitats. druge značilne za površinske habitate. Različne vrste mahov in Various moss species and A. trichomanes are colonizing areas A. trichomanes naseljujejo območja okrog LED in fluorescen- around LEDs and fluorescent lamps installed in 2009 along tnih svetilk, v letu 2009 nameščenih ob jamskih poteh za the cave’s pathways for safety lighting. Species richness of varnostno razsvetljavo. Biodiverziteta mahov in praproti bryophytes and ferns of lampenflora in Grotta Gigante is the lampenflore v Veliki jami v Briščikih je najvišja v primerjavi z highest compared to other recently investigated show caves lampenfloro v drugih nedavno raziskanih turističnih jamamah in the neighbouring Slovenia. Lampenflora of Grotta Gigante v sosednji Sloveniji. Lampenflora iz Veliki jami v Briščikih us- conforms to that found in other Slovenian show caves stud- treza tisti, najdeni v drugih slovenskih turističnih jamah, kate- ied starting from the ’40. The main ecological factors affecting rih proučevanja segajo v 40. Leta prejšnjega stoletja. Glavni lampenflora identified in this work are: light intensity, water ekološki dejavniki, ki vplivajo na lampenflora, opredeljenih v availability, type of substrate, morphological features of surfac- tem delu so: jakost sve tlobe, razpoložljivost vode, vrsta podlage, es, presence of clay. Aspects of species ecology and distribution morfološke značilnosti površin, prisotnost gline. Delo obravna- in the cave are discussed. va tudi različne vidike ekologije vrst in distribucijo v jami. Keywords: bryophytes, ferns, lampenflora, show caves, Grotta Ključne besede: mahovi, praproti, lampenflora, turistične Gigante, Italy. jame, Veliki jami v Briščikih, Italija. 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, e-mail: [email protected], Received/Prejeto: 15.02.2013 ACTA CARSOLOGICA 43/1, 185–193, POSTOJNA 2014 Miris Castello INTRODUCTION The presence of phototrophic organisms in caves depends 2009; Cigna 2012; Mulec 2012). According to them, great on the availability of light, essential for the photosynthetic attention should be paid to type and power of lights and process. In wild caves, aerophytic algae and land plants positioning of lamps, which should be installed at ap- are naturally limited to the entrance parts, where there is propriate selected sites, at a distance from cave surfaces. at least some sunlight, while they can’t grow in the dark, Lighting time should be minimized, by switching lights inner parts. In natural caves opened to the public and in on only when visitors are nearby. Lamp emission spectra artificial caves, the electrical lighting enables phototrophic should be poor in the wavelengths that are most effective organisms to grow in the underground: lit areas around for photosynthesis: in various caves, yellow-light or green- lamps are colonized by cyanobacteria and algae, bryo- light were shown to prevent or limit lampenflora growth, phytes, ferns, and exceptionally shoots of seed plants. They although they may have an unaestethic effect in cave light- constitute what is called “lampenflora” (Dobàt 1963, 1998; ing. LEDs seem to represent an effective solution for cave Mulec 2012) or lamp flora, which includes all phototroph- lighting as they feature low power consumption, long life ic organisms growing near artificial light sources in areas and selected narrow emission spectra. where they do not naturally occur because of the absence Show caves are provided with artificial lighting sys- of sunlight. tems to attract visitors and to ensure public access and These communities represent an alteration of the safety, of both the visitors and the staff. The control of delicate cave environment and may cause damages both to lampenflora is a typical problem for show cave manage- speleothems and cave fauna. ment: besides the alteration of the underground environ- Organisms of lampenflora influence lithogenic and ment, the unwanted growth of lampenflora causes the litholitic processes. Biodeterioration of stony substrata development of more or less wide unaesthetic coloured caused by lampenflora is related to different, complex patches on speleothems, walls and other parts of the cave mechanisms involving the whole community of lit areas, illuminated by sufficient light. both autotrophs and heterotrophs such as bacteria and A well-known show cave of Italy is Grotta Gigante, a fungi. Main mechanisms of biodeterioration of cave sur- very large cave which opens in the Trieste Karst. Grotta Gi- faces are: biofilm formation, colour changes and develop- gante has a long tradition as a tourist cave, being opened to ment of coloured patches, release of weak organic acids the public in 1908, when carbide lamps and candles were which in time can corrode limestone and formations, used for illumination. The first electrical lighting system absorption of some chemicals from the substrate, proton– was installed in 1957 and completely replaced in 2009 by a cation exchange, carbon dioxide and oxygen fluxes due to new one in accordance with laws, safety and environmen- photosynthesis, respiration or fermentation, pH changes tal protection measures. The new lighting system consists (acid or alkaline reactions), the possible formation of an of floodlights of different power and colour temperature amorphous mix of dead organisms and calcium carbon- to light the cave, speleothems and other objects; an emer- ate which may alter substrate surfaces (e.g. Warscheid & gency and safety lighting system consisting of LED lights Braams 2000; Mulec 2012). and fluorescent lamps was installed along cave’s pathways. Natural cave ecosystems are characterized by low lev- A set of UVC germicidal lamps, provided with the 2008 els of nutrients (Simon et al. 2007). The growth of primary Green certificate, was installed in different parts of the producers provides an unnatural input of biomass, which cave to inhibit the development of lampenflora (Fabbrica- is a source of nutrients available for both true cave-dwell- tore 2011); their effects are under investigation. No meth- ers and occasional dwellers. Lampenflora may represent a ods to control lampenflora growth were used in the past threat to obligated cave-dwellers (troglobites), facilitating in the cave (A. Fabbricatore, Director of Grotta Gigante, the proliferation of external opportunistic species which pers. comm.). may compete with them and drive them to extinction Few published studies are available on the flora and (Mulec & Kosi 2009; Mulec 2012). vegetation of the cave. Bussani (1966) reported information Different mechanical, physical and chemical methods on some species of cyanobacteria. Polli and Sguazzin (1998) to control lampenflora growth have been proposed; discus- surveyed the vascular
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Problemi Turistici Della Grotta Gigante Nel Carso Triestino
    31 Int. J. Speleol.23. 1.2 (1994): 31-36 PROBLEM! TURISTICI DEliA GROTI A GIGANTE NEL CARSO TRIESTINo. Fabio Forti* RIASSUNTO 11 lavoro presenta I'evoluzione turistica della Grolla Gigante in 80 anni (1908 - 1989) di apertura al pubblico. Inizialmente in concorrenza con altre grolle turistiche. anche ben piu famose (Postumia. S. Canziano). dopo la 11. Guerra Mondiale rimase I'unica grolla turistica in questa zona d'Italia. Successivamente la Grolla Gigante ha saputo. sia pur lentamente. adeguarsi aile mutate esigenze dei tempi, allrezzandosi via via sempre piu per venire incontro ai crescenti flussi turistici. Negli ultimi anni perC> si e verificato un leggero rna costante calo di visitatori. Ie cui cause sono state individuate in fenomeni la cui soluzione non spetta alia Grolla Gigante: questi sono esposti ed analizzati e viene richiesta la collaborazione delle altre grolle turistiche per elaborare una strategia comune ove simili fallori si siano verificati. SUMMARY [Tourist problems of Grotta Gigante in the Trieste karstl The paper reports the tourist evolution of the Grolla Gigante (Giant Cave). near Trieste (Italy) during 80 years (1908 - 1989) of its opening to the public. At the beginning it entered in competition with some other local show caves. even much more famous (like Postojna and Stocjan). after the 11 World War on account of the change of the state boundaries it remained the sole show cave in that part of Italy. Then the Grotta Gigante succeeded. even if slowly. to cope with the changing touristic demands. improving more and more its facilities to follow the increasing touristic flows.
    [Show full text]
  • Friuli Venezia Giulia: a Region for Everyone
    EN FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA: A REGION FOR EVERYONE ACCESSIBLE TOURISM AN ACCESSIBLE REGION In 2012 PromoTurismoFVG started to look into the tourist potential of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region to become “a region for everyone”. Hence the natural collaboration with the Regional Committee for Disabled People and their Families of Friuli Venezia Giulia, an organization recognized by Regional law as representing the interests of people with disabilities on the territory, the technical service of the Council CRIBA FVG (Regional Information Centre on Architectural Barriers) and the Tetra- Paraplegic Association of FVG, in order to offer experiences truly accessible to everyone as they have been checked out and experienced by people with different disabilities. The main goal of the project is to identify and overcome not only architectural or sensory barriers but also informative and cultural ones from the sea to the mountains, from the cities to the splendid natural areas, from culture to food and wine, with the aim of making the guests true guests, whatever their needs. In this brochure, there are some suggestions for tourist experiences and accessible NATURE, ART, SEA, receptive structures in FVG. Further information and technical details on MOUNTAIN, FOOD our website www.turismofvg.it in the section AND WINE “An Accessible Region” ART AND CULTURE 94. Accessible routes in the art city 106. Top museums 117. Accessible routes in the most beautiful villages in Italy 124. Historical residences SEA 8. Lignano Sabbiadoro 16. Grado 24. Trieste MOUNTAIN 38. Winter mountains 40. Summer mountains NATURE 70. Nature areas 80. Gardens and theme parks 86. On horseback or donkey 90.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Speleological Museum of the Grotta Gigante (Italy) the New Visitors Centre of the Show Cave Grotta Gigante (Trieste
    Scientific Speleological Museum of the Grotta Gigante (Italy) The new Visitors Centre of the show cave Grotta Gigante (Trieste, Italy) blends in harmoniously with the Karst surroundings and was built using construction materials and methods in line with the local Karst tradition. The building consists of three areas characterised by different architectural and functional features: a multifunctional area on the ground floor (ticket office, multipurpose room, guide and service room), a waiting room and the exhibition areas on the ground and first floors. In the exhibition areas you will find the Scientific Speleological Museum, which includes various sections. Ground floor 1st room Introduction to the Museum: Speleology; Grotta Gigante Visitors Centre; Geomorphological view Geology: Orogenesis; Rock formation; Karst phenomena; Cave phases Palaeontology: Main Pleistocene site in the Trieste Karst; Ursus speleaus group; Ursus ingressus; Pachycrocuta brevirostris Archaeology: Archaeological caves whose materials are presented in the Museum; The Prehistory; The Paleolithic; The Mesolithic; The Neolithic; Protohistory; Eneolithic; Bronze age (Brotlaibidol); Iron age; La Tène; Finds in the Grotta Gigante; The Roman period. 2nd room Biology Zoology: Bats; Fauna in the Trieste Karst caves Botany: Flora in the Trieste Karst caves First floor Scientific researches conducted in the Grotta Gigante site: The Grotta Gigante as a scientific lab; Survey using Laser scanner technology; High resolution 3D topographic survey of the Grotta Gigante using aerial
    [Show full text]
  • ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES and CHEMICAL COMPOSITON of Municipal Sewage Sludge on the Quality of Soil and Characteristics in Lithuania’S Wastewater Treatment Crops
    AgroLife Scientific Journal - Volume 6, Number 2, 2017 influenced by sewage sludge and nitrogen. treatment plants in Swaziland in relation to ISSN 2285-5718; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5726; ISSN ONLINE 2286-0126; ISSN-L 2285-5718 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2): p. 161-168. agricultural uses. Resources and Environment, 4(4): Khaliq A., Al-Busaidi A., Ahmed M., Al-Wardy M., p. 190-199. Agrama H., Choudri B.S., 2017. The effect of Praspaliauskas M., Pedišius N., 2017. A review of sludge ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITON OF municipal sewage sludge on the quality of soil and characteristics in Lithuania’s wastewater treatment crops. Int. J. Recycl Org. Waste Agricult., Vol. 6 (4): plants and perspectives of its usage in thermal DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF MOSSES GATHERED FROM TURKEY p. 289-299. processes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Kirchmann H., Börjesson G., Kätterer T., Cohen Y., Reviews 67, p. 899-907 Ozlem TONGUC YAYINTAS1, Ozlem SOGUT2, Sibel KONYALIOGLU3, 2017. From agricultural use of sewage sludge to Vaca-Paulín R., Esteller-Alberich M.V., Lugo-de la Selehattin YILMAZ4, Burcu TEPELİ4 nutrient extraction: a soil science outlook. Ambio, 46, Fuente J., Zavaleta-Mancera H.A., 2006. Effect of p. 143-154. sewage sludge or compost on the sorption and 1 Kominko H., Gorazda K., Wzorek Z., 2017. The distribution of copper and cadmium in soil. Waste Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale Applied Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Possibility of organo-Mineral Fertilizer Production Management 26, p. 71-81. Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey, Email: [email protected] from Sewage Sludge. Waste Biomass Valor, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Trip to Grotta Gigante and Timavo Springs June 8 2016, 15:00-19:30
    FIELD TRIP TO GROTTA GIGANTE AND TIMAVO SPRINGS JUNE 8 2016, 15:00-19:30 1. General information Figure 1 Map of the itinerary from Trieste University (A) to the Grotta Gigante cave, Borgo Grotta Gigante (B) and to the mouths of the underground river Timavo (C). The trip will end downtown in Piazza Oberdan (white dot) The field trip will start at 15.00 at the Trieste University (venue of meeting) and will end at approximately 19.30 in central Trieste in Piazza Oberdan. The distance is approximately 30 km one-way; the travel by bus will last less than an hour (one-way), according to the itinerary of figure 1. The sole difficulties are related to the possibly slippery steps and the permanence for 1 hour at 11 degrees with high humidity in the cave, and to the crossing of a main road nearby the Timavo river mouths. 1 2. Field Trip Summary The field trip will cross the Carso/Karst Plateau, from which the geological term “karstic”, related to the dissolution phenomena in carbonatic rock, took its origin. The field trip follows a part of the course of the underground river that flows for about 40 km underground, hidden by the white rocks and the karstic scrub of the Karst: the Timavo River. Its effective path is still unknown: it disappears underground in the Škocjan Caves, flows at a level of about 8 m above sea level,and it can be seen at the bottom of some of the more than 2000 caves known in the so-called “Classic Karst”.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryophyte Diversity and Vascular Plants
    DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 75 BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY AND VASCULAR PLANTS NELE INGERPUU TARTU 2002 DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 75 DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 75 BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY AND VASCULAR PLANTS NELE INGERPUU TARTU UNIVERSITY PRESS Chair of Plant Ecology, Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Estonia The dissertation is accepted for the commencement of the degree of Doctor philosophiae in plant ecology at the University of Tartu on June 3, 2002 by the Council of the Faculty of Biology and Geography of the University of Tartu Opponent: Ph.D. H. J. During, Department of Plant Ecology, the University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Commencement: Room No 218, Lai 40, Tartu on August 26, 2002 © Nele Ingerpuu, 2002 Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda Tiigi 78, Tartu 50410 Tellimus nr. 495 CONTENTS LIST OF PAPERS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 MATERIAL AND METHODS 9 Study areas and field data 9 Analyses 10 RESULTS 13 Correlation between bryophyte and vascular plant species richness and cover in different plant communities (I, II, V) 13 Environmental factors influencing the moss and field layer (II, III) 15 Effect of vascular plant cover on the growth of bryophytes in a pot experiment (IV) 17 The distribution of grassland bryophytes and vascular plants into different rarity forms (V) 19 Results connected with nature conservation (I, II, V) 20 DISCUSSION 21 CONCLUSIONS 24 SUMMARY IN ESTONIAN. Sammaltaimede mitmekesisus ja seosed soontaimedega. Kokkuvõte 25 < TÄNUSÕNAD. Acknowledgements 28 REFERENCES 29 PAPERS 33 2 5 LIST OF PAPERS The present thesis is based on the following papers which are referred to in the text by the Roman numerals.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Comparison Between Boring from Pocala Cave and an Unroofle Cave at Borgo Grotta Gigante, Trieste Karst
    Cadernos Lab. Xeolóxico de Laxe ISSN: 0213-4497 Coruña. 2001. Vol. 26, pp. 503-507 A preliminary comparison between boring from Pocala Cave and an unroofle cave at Borgo Grotta Gigante, Trieste Karst Comparación preliminar entre el sondeo de Pocala y una cueva innominada en Borgo Grotta Gigante, Karst de Trieste TREMUL, A. & CALLIGARIS, R. AB S T R A C T In 2000 five boring were performed in a unroofle cave at Borgo Grotta gigante, the third in particular is correlable with the boring outside Pocala Cave. The first result has been obtained by observing the absence of collapsed rocks, in particular in the unroofle cave of Borgo Grotta Gigante. Clearly limestones have dissolved. Key words: Pocala cave, unroofle cave, Borgo Grotta Gigante, boring Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste. Pza A. Hortis 4, 34123, Trieste, ITALY 504 TREMUL & CALLIGARIS CAD. LAB. XEOL. LAXE 26 (2001) INTRODUCTION brown clay or reddishbrown clay with fragment of limestone (0.30-3.00), calca- One of the most important Karst areas reous and calcite fragments in brown or is Borgo Grotta Gigante area, where diffe- light brown clay (3.00-7.40), limestone rent karst forms and an unroofle cave are (7.40–8.00) limestone in brown clay present. In the year 2000 five borings (8.00–8.55) grey limestone (8.55–9.45). were performed in this unroofle cave, four The third boring in Borgo Grotta of which are very interesting to study Gigante shows vegetable soil (0.00-1.30) stratigraphy, sediment components and red clay with calcareous fragments (1.30- datation.
    [Show full text]
  • Valuable Fatty Acids in Bryophytes-Production, Biosynthesis, Analysis and Applications
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 02, 2021 Valuable Fatty Acids in Bryophytes-Production, Biosynthesis, Analysis and Applications Lu, Yi; Eiriksson, Finnur Freyr; Thorsteinsdóttir, Margrét; Simonsen, Henrik Toft Published in: Nature Plants Link to article, DOI: 10.3390/plants8110524 Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Lu, Y., Eiriksson, F. F., Thorsteinsdóttir, M., & Simonsen, H. T. (2019). Valuable Fatty Acids in Bryophytes- Production, Biosynthesis, Analysis and Applications. Nature Plants, 8(11), [524]. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110524 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. plants Review Valuable Fatty Acids in Bryophytes—Production, Biosynthesis, Analysis and Applications Yi Lu 1,2 , Finnur Freyr Eiriksson 2,
    [Show full text]
  • Bryophyte Flora of the Czech Republic: Updated Checklist and Red List and a Brief Analysis
    Preslia 84: 813–850, 2012 813 Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist and Red List and a brief analysis Bryoflóra České republiky: aktualizace seznamu a červeného seznamu a stručná analýza Dedicated to the centenary of the Czech Botanical Society (1912–2012) Jan K u č e r a1, Jiří Vá ň a2 & Zbyněk H r a d í l e k3 1University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 31, CZ–370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]; 2Charles University Prague, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Benátská 2, CZ–128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]; 3Palacký University Olomouc, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]. Kučera J., Váňa J. & Hradílek Z. (2012): Bryophyte flora of the Czech Republic: updated checklist and Red List and a brief analysis. – Preslia 84: 813–850. The bryoflora of the Czech Republic is analysed using an updated version of the checklist that includes recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. In addition, the baseline data was com- pletely revised using the IUCN 3.1 criteria. The main list includes 863 species of bryophytes (4 hornworts, 207 liverworts and 652 mosses) with 5 additional subspecies and 23 generally recog- nized varieties; 9 additional species are listed as of doubtful taxonomic status and 17 other species are evaluated as of uncertain occurrence. Of the 892 taxa evaluated, 46% qualified for inclusion in Red List categories (40 taxa in category RE, 70 in CR, 88 in EN, 93 in VU, 66 in LR-nt, 24 in DD-va and 30 in DD), while 54% are considered Least Concern (LC).
    [Show full text]
  • Trieste's Karst Footpaths Bicycle Routes
    HOW AND WHERE HOW A borderland, a land of emotions of land a borderland, A TRIESTE’S KARST TRIESTE’S AUSTRIA AUSTRIA Arta Terme Tarvisio A23 Tolmezzo Gemona SLOVENIA Dolomiti Friulane del Friuli Europa San Daniele Cividale Piancavallo del Friuli del Friuli Regione Spilimbergo Friuli Venezia Giulia UDINE SLOVENIA Palù di Livenza PORDENONE Italia Palmanova GORIZIA A28 A4 TREVISO Aeroporto FVG A4 Ronchi dei Legionari Aquileia VENEZIA SLOVENIA Lignano Grado TRIESTE Footpaths Sabbiadoro - Aquileia - - Dolomiti Friulane - - Cividale del Friuli - - Palù di Livenza - IO M NIO M ON U O UN ONIO MU NIO M M N IM D M N O UN I D R I D IM D R I T IA R I R T A T A T IA A L A L A L • A L • P P • P • • • P • W W • W W L L L L O O A O A A O A I I I R R I R R D D L L D L D L D D N N D N D N O O H O H H O Many are the paths to be followed on the territory of Trieste’s Karst, the main ones are shown on the H E M E M E M R R E M E I E R E R IT T N I I E A IN A I TA IN T N G O G O G O A I E • IM E • IM E • M G O PATR PATR PATRI E • PATRIM United Nations Archaeological Area and United Nations The Dolomites United Nations Longobards in Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS on SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH in SHOW CAVES
    REPORT INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS on SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH in SHOW CAVES Alessio Fabbricatore* The basis of the successful realisation of the first Thanks to this scientific tradition it was decided to "International Congress on Scientific Research in Show organise international meetings in order to discuss, Caves" was the strong commitment and active update and share the scientific research monitored in international cooperation of Grotta Gigante (Italy), Park the show caves. It is important to collect data, but also Škocjanske jame (Slovenia), Karst Research Institute to communicate results for further research and (ZRC-SAZU Institut za raziskovanje krasa -Slovenia) and worldwide diffusion. the University of Trieste (Italy). The conference (13-15 September 2012) was held in an The conference was held in Park Skocjanske jame itinerant method: Škocjanske jama, Grotta Gigante, (Slovenia) and the programme allowed participants to Postojnska jama/Postumia Cave to encourage direct visit a number of caves: the Skocjanske jame (Slovenia), contact and discussion with all the participants the Grotta Gigante (Italy) the Postojnska jama/Postumia regarding the various tourist-underground Cave (Slovenia). environments in the Karst (Italy and Slovenia) and consolidate cooperation in this important triangle of the Classical Karst. The possibility of a copious exchange of experiences, comments and updates has increased thanks to the participation from all over the world: Austria, Brazil, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, USA. The participants considered the carrying out of scientific research in underground environments and specifically in the caves where the equipment logistics had already been made by the director of each cave; e.g. adequate lighting, easy, comfortable steps and paths according to current standards and many other infrastructures offered to scientists and researchers who have, thus, easier access with subsequent control and monitoring of the scientific instruments.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhynchostegium Murale Wall Feather-Moss Key 368
    Hypnales Rhynchostegium murale Wall Feather-moss Key 368 Moist Stem shoot leaf Deeply concave 1 mm leaves Branch leaves Beaked lid 5 mm 1 mm Dry shoot 4 mm 3 mm Identification R. murale forms small or medium-sized, glossy or pale green shoots, the older parts sometimes turning reddish-brown. It is irregularly branched, the branches short and more or less prostrate, usually forming compact patches or growing as scattered shoots among other species. They alter little when dry. The leaves are egg-shaped or oval, about 1 mm or so in length, broadly pointed at the tip and deeply concave. Often they are erect and overlapping, making the shoots look cylindrical, but sometimes they are more loosely arranged, slightly spreading, and the shoots then appear less neat. The branch tip does not become very attenuated, and is often blunt because of the concave, appressed and overlapping leaves. The leaves have a single nerve. Curved, oblong capsules, about 1.5 mm long, are often present and have a long, beaked lid that is almost as long as the capsule. The seta is smooth. Similar species The concave leaves and rather short cylindrical branches are distinctive, but loose forms of R. murale may resemble R. confertum (p. 761), especially when the leaves are narrow and spreading. Usually, however, some parts of the shoots will show deeply concave, appressed and overlapping leaves. Small patches of Scleropodium cespitans (p. 754) and especially S. tourettii (p. 755) might be mistaken for R. murale, but fortunately R. murale often has capsules, and can then be distinguished by its beaked lid and smooth seta.
    [Show full text]