Os Alambiques Da Ilha Do Pico, Açores Sistemas Técnicos, Património E Museologia

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Os Alambiques Da Ilha Do Pico, Açores Sistemas Técnicos, Património E Museologia UNIVERSIDADE DOS AÇORES DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA, FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS OS ALAMBIQUES DA ILHA DO PICO, AÇORES SISTEMAS TÉCNICOS, PATRIMÓNIO E MUSEOLOGIA Susana Catarina Silveira Garcia Ponta Delgada 2012 Susana Catarina Silveira Garcia OS ALAMBIQUES DA ILHA DO PICO, AÇORES SISTEMAS TÉCNICOS, PATRIMÓNIO E MUSEOLOGIA Dissertação apresentada à Universidade dos Açores para a obtenção do grau de mestre emPatrimónio, Museologia e Desenvolvimento Orientador: Professor Doutor Rui de Sousa Martins Ponta Delgada 2012 Na capa: Alambique de caldeira. Manual do destilador e licorista, 1. 1915. Lisboa. Arnaldo Bordalo: 23. Os Alambiques da Ilha do Pico, Açores – Sistemas técnicos, Património e Museologia Índice Agradecimentos ........................................................................................................................... 6 Resumo ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1. Introdução .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.1. O TEMA E A PROBLEMÁTICA DO TRABALHO ..................................................................... 9 1.2. FONTES DE PESQUISA DOS ALAMBIQUES E DAS AGUARDENTES ..................................... 10 1.2.1. Uma experiência de terreno .................................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Fontes bibliográficas e documentais ....................................................................... 11 2. A ecologia da Ilha do Pico ................................................................................................... 14 2.1. SOLOS E CARACTERÍSTICAS DA OROGRAFIA .................................................................. 14 2.2. CLIMA E HIDROGRAFIA .................................................................................................. 15 2.3. FALTA DE ÁGUA DOCE E A UTILIZAÇÃO DOS POÇOS DE MARÉ ....................................... 16 3. Aguardentes: Ecologia e História ....................................................................................... 18 3.1. CONDIÇÕES ECOLÓGICAS DA PRODUÇÃO DE AGUARDENTE ........................................... 18 3.2. PERCURSO HISTÓRICO .................................................................................................... 19 4. Substâncias utilizadas na produção de aguardente .......................................................... 24 4.1. O VINHO E O BAGAÇO ..................................................................................................... 24 4.1.1. Técnicas de cultivo da vinha ................................................................................... 24 4.1.2. Técnicas de produção de vinho ............................................................................... 27 4.1.3. Os consumos da uva e do vinho ............................................................................. 30 4.2. OS FIGOS ......................................................................................................................... 32 4.2.1. Tipos de figueiras cultivadas .................................................................................. 32 4.2.2. Técnicas de Cultivo ................................................................................................ 33 4.2.3. Amadurecimento e apanha dos figos ...................................................................... 35 4.2.4. O consumo e comercialização dos figos ................................................................. 36 4.2.5. O vinagre de figo .................................................................................................... 38 4.3. PÊSSEGOS PARA AGUARDENTE ....................................................................................... 39 4.3.1. Técnicas de cultivo e diferentes utilizações ............................................................ 39 5. Os alambiques da Ilha do Pico ............................................................................................ 41 5.1. EVOLUÇÃO DOS ALAMBIQUES ....................................................................................... 41 5.2. LEVANTAMENTO DOS ALAMBIQUES ............................................................................... 45 5.3. CLASSIFICAÇÃO E FUNCIONAMENTO DOS ALAMBIQUES ................................................ 47 5.4. A FEITURA DE ALAMBIQUES NA ILHA DO PICO............................................................... 48 6. A produção de aguardente .................................................................................................. 50 6.1. TIPOS DE AGUARDENTE .................................................................................................. 50 3 Os Alambiques da Ilha do Pico, Açores – Sistemas técnicos, Património e Museologia 6.2. SISTEMAS TÉCNICOS DE PRODUÇÃO DA AGUARDENTE .................................................. 50 6.2.1. Meios de produção .................................................................................................. 51 6.2.2. Atores ...................................................................................................................... 52 6.2.3. Energia .................................................................................................................... 52 6.2.4. Relação da produção e distribuição ........................................................................ 52 6.2.5. Processos técnicos .................................................................................................. 53 6.2.6. Produtos .................................................................................................................. 56 7. A comercialização e patrimonialização das aguardentes ................................................. 57 7.1. AS AGUARDENTES PRODUZIDAS ..................................................................................... 57 7.2. A COMERCIALIZAÇÃO .................................................................................................... 60 7.3. A PATRIMONIALIZAÇÃO ................................................................................................. 63 8. O alambique do Museu do Vinho ....................................................................................... 65 8.1. O CONVENTO DO CARMO ............................................................................................... 65 8.1.1. O Alambique do convento ...................................................................................... 65 8.2. INTEGRAÇÃO DO CONVENTO DO CARMO NO MUSEU DO PICO ...................................... 66 8.2.1. Intervenção do Arquiteto Paulo Gouveia ................................................................ 67 8.2.2. A mata de dragoeiros .............................................................................................. 69 8.2.3. A nova museografia do Museu do Vinho ............................................................... 70 8.2.4. Festividades relacionadas com a cultura da vinha .................................................. 71 9. A reconversão Museológica do alambique de João Bettencourt...................................... 73 9.1. JOÃO SILVEIRA BETTENCOURT: UM PRODUTOR DE AGUARDENTE................................. 73 9.2. IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO ALAMBIQUE ..................................................................................... 74 9.3. CARACTERÍSTICAS E FUNCIONAMENTO DO ALAMBIQUE ................................................ 75 9.4. AQUISIÇÃO DO ALAMBIQUE DE JOÃO SERAFIM PELO GOVERNO REGIONAL ................. 76 9.4.1. Patrimonialização e Reconversão museológica ...................................................... 76 9.4.1.1. A Associação de festas do Lajido e a gestão do alambique .............................. 76 9.4.1.2. O Centro de Interpretação Ambiental da Paisagem da Cultura da Vinha da Ilha do Pico ................................................................................................................. 77 10. A Adega “Rodilha” e a sua reconversão museológica ...................................................... 80 10.1. IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA ADEGA ............................................................................................. 80 10.2. EVOLUÇÃO E FUNCIONAMENTO DA ADEGA .................................................................... 80 10.3. AQUISIÇÃO DA ADEGA .................................................................................................... 83 10.4. A RECONVERSÃO DA ADEGA “RODILHA” EM MUSEU .................................................... 83 11. Conclusão .............................................................................................................................. 85 12. Fontes .................................................................................................................................... 88 12.1. FONTES ORAIS ................................................................................................................. 88 12.2. BIBLIOGRAFIA ................................................................................................................ 91 4 Os Alambiques da Ilha do Pico, Açores – Sistemas técnicos, Património e Museologia 12.3. FONTES NÃO IMPRESSAS ..............................................................................................
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