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The Lake Coleridge Fishery Fisheries Environmental Report No.65

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The Lake Coleridge Fishery Fisheries Environmental Report No.65 IMAF The Lake Coleridge fishery Fisheries Environmental Report No.65 Fisheries Research Division N.Z. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries lssN 01114794 Fisheries Envinonmental Report No. 65 The Lake Coleridge fishery by M. Flain F i s he ri es Re sea rch D'i v'i s'i on N.Z. Mi nìstry of Agriculture and Fi sheries C h ni stchu rch Au gu st 1 986 FISHERIES ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS This neport is one of a series of reports issued by Fishenies Research Di vi sj on on i mportant 'i ssues nel ated to envi ronmental matters. They are 'issued under the following criteria: (1) They ane'informal and should not be cited without the author's perm'ission. (2) They are for Iimited circulat'ion, so that persons and organi sati ons normal 1y recei vì ng F'i sheri es Research Di vi si on publ i cati ons shoul d not expect to necei ve copì es automati cal 1y. (3) Copies will be issued initialìy to organisat'ions to which the neport is directly relevant. (4) Cop'i es wi ì I be i ssued to other appnopri ate organi sati ons on request to Fi sheri es Research D'i v'isi on, Mi ni stry of Agri culture and Fisheries, P.0. Box 8324, Riccarton, Christchurch. (5) These reports will be jssued where a substantial report 'is requ'i red with a time constra'int, ê.g., a submiss'ion for a tribunal heani ng. (6) They will also be 'issued as interim reports of on-goìng env'i ronmental stud'ies f or whi ch year by year orintermj ttent r^eporti ng 'i s advantageous. These i nteri m reports w'i ì ì not pneclude formal scientific pubf ication. MAF Libnaries cataloguing-in-publìcation data FLAIN, M. (Ma'lcolm) The Lake Coleridge fishery. - Christchurch : Fisheries Research Di visìon, Ministry of Agricu'lture and F'isheri es , 1986 65 p. - (F'isheries environmental neport. ISSN 0IIl-4794 ; n0.65) 1. Brown trout fishing - - New Zealand -- South Island -- Lake Coleridge. 2. Chinook salmon fishing. 3. Rainbow trout fishing. I. Tìtle II. Serìes r sBN 04770323i1 CONTENTS Page 1. Summa ry 6 2. Introducti on 7 3. Lake Coleridge 9 3.1 Physi ca1 Characten'istì cs 9 3.2 The Catchment 10 3.3 Fi sh Stocks T2 3 .3 . i Qu'i nnat Sal mon t4 3.3 .2 Rai nbow Trout I4 3.3.3 Brown Tnout I4 3.3.4 Native F'ish Species 16 4. Hydro-eìectri c Power (HEP) 16 4.I HEP 0peration 16 4.2 Lake Level Fluctuatìons 16 5. Methods I7 5.1 Creel Census T7 5.2 Trapping of Spawning Runs 19 5.3 Marki ng and Taggi ng 20 5 .4 El ect ri c Fi shi ng 2L 5.5 D'iv'ing 2I 5 .6 Age'i n g 2t 6. Results 22 6.1 Creel Census 22 6.1.1 Species Composit'ion of Anglers'Catch 22 6.7.2 Catch Composit'ion by Anea 24 6 .1 .3 Catch Rate 24 6.1.4 Size and Age Composjtion of Salmon Catch 21 6 .2 Spawn'i n g runs 30 6 .2 .7 Qu ì nnat Sa I mon 30 6.2 .2 Rai nbow Trout 33 6.2.3 Brown Trout 33 6.2.4 Lake Edge Spawn'ing 35 Pa ge 6.3 Marki ng and Taggi ng 36 6.3.1 Popuì at'ion and Standi ng Crop Estimates 36 of the Sport F'ishery 6.3.2 Angl er Croppì ng Estimates 38 6.3.3 Stockì ng w'ith Marked Rai nbow Trout 38 6.4 Growth and Si ze 40 6 .4.1 Quinnat Salmon 40 6.4.2 Ra'inbow Trout 42 6.4.3 Brown Trout 4B 7. D'i scussì on 50 7 .I Qu'i nnat Sal mon 50 7.2 Bag and Size Lìmìts 51 7 .3 Effect of Stockì ng 53 7.4 Effect of Hydno-electric Power Development on 54 the Recreati onal Fi shery 8. Concl us'ions 56 o Acknowl edgments 59 i0. Literature C'ited 60 TABL ES 1. Li benat'i ons of qui nnat salmon, Atl anti c sal mon, 15 rainbow trout, and brown trout into Lake Coleridge by the Nonth Canterbury Acclimatisation Society 2. Species compos'ition of catches from Lake Coleridge 23 by angìing, trapping, and netting 3. Species catch composition by area, Lake Coleridge 25 openi ng 1967 4. Whole season 7953/54 and 1965/66 catch rates with 26 bi-monthly catch rates, all species combined. (Inc'ludes hours fjshed for no fish caught.) Numbers of unders'ized f ish put back are tabul ated 5. l^lhole season 1953/54 and L965/66 catch rates with 26 b'i-monthly catch rates, spec'ies separate. (Does not include houns fished for no fish caught; based on those returns where only one species was caught and no others.) Pa ge 6. Catch per unit of effort for Lake Coleridge and 26 comparisons with othen lakes 7. Comparison of the age stnucture of angler caught and 30 spavvning quìnnat salmon 8. Ages and ìengths of spawned carcasses of quinnat salmon, 31 Ryton Ri ven 9. Ages, ì engths, and wei ghts of spawni ng rai nbow trout, 34 Ryton Ri ver 10. Age and incìdence of repetit'ive spawnìng in rainbow and 35 brown trout 11. Lengths and weights of angler caught quinnat salmon, 45 openi ng weekends , Lake Col eri dge 12. Lengths and weights of angler caught nainbow trout, 47 openì ng weekends, Lake Coì eri dge 13. Lengths and weights of angler caught brown trout, 49 openi ng weekends, Lake Coleri dge FIGURES 1. Local ity map I 2. Lake Coleridge 1eve1s 11 3. Lake Coleridge and surroundìng anea 13 4. Monthly ìake levels 1975-80, before and after divers'ion 18 of the bl'i I berf once Ri ver 5. Angler caught qu'innat salmon ìength-frequency curves 28 for November-December 1965, and January-February and March-Apri 1 1966 6. Bi-monthly ratio of 3- to -year-old salmon for the 29 1965/66 angì'ing season, and 1967 spawning run 7 . Mean I engths , standard dev'i ati ons, and numbers i n sampl e 32 for spawning quìnnat salmon, rainbow trout, and brown trout 8. Lengths of salmonids taken in monthly electnic fishing 4l in a 3 m x 64 m section of Hennah Stream, fnom November' 1954 to June 1955 9. Growth curve for Lake Coleridge quìnnat salmon 43 10. Mean ì engths , standard dev'i at i ons, and numbers i n samp'l e 44 for quinnat salmon, rainbow trout, and brown trout caught by anglers on openings of Lake Coleridge fishing seasons 11. Growth curve for Lake Coleridge raìnbow trout 46 6 1. SUMMARY Lake Co'leridge is the most important sport fishing lake in the North Canter"bury district. It is one of a very few lakes in the world where qu'i nnat sal mon can be caught from freshwater stocks. The anglers' catch comprises 90% quinnat salmon, 9% rainbow trout, and l% brown trout. The catch rate of anglers varies from 0.3 to 0.59 fish pen houn fished, and 50% of all the season's angf ing 'in the lake is done on the opening weekend of the season, the first comp'lete weekend in November. Population estimates for takeable size fish of the thnee species were: 1960 1.979 Rai nbow trout 6089 + 252I 4958 + 2496 Qu'innat salmon 495 5 Brown trout 2467 14 071 Angl i ng croppi ng rate was estimated as: 1960 I919 Qu'innat salmon 30% Rai nbow trout 4.4% 5.2% Brown trout 0.32% 0.4% Mean 1 engths of angl en caught and spawn'ing fish of the thnee spec'ies showed no decline in size oven the I ast thi rty years. Lake edge spawning does not occur', and no suitable areas for it were found in the lake. Exami nati on of management pr"acti ces showed that stock'ing wìth rainbow trout contributed less than I% return to the angler or to the 7 adu l t spawnì ng nuns. Bag l i mi ts were i neffecti ve for managì ng the popul atj ons because they ar.e so ì i ghtly expl oi ted. Si ze I imits sìmi1arìy were unnecessary for salmon or trout. Bag and size limits are still part of the fjshing regulations. The impact of the Wilbenforce d'iversion has been to create dirty water on occasions'in two prime fishing areas, the Hanper corner of the lake and the Lake Stream-O'Rourkes fan area. The diversion has allowed penmanent egress for fish from the lake, but the extent to which it .is used fon this'is unknown. The diversion has also allowed the lake to be held at its upper limit for extended periods and th'is has nesulted jn shoreline enosion w'ith'increased turbìdity of the whole lake. It has af fected f i shi ng by conf i ni ng angl'ing to an 'increased shal I ow water a rea. 2. I NTRODUCT I ON Lake coìenidge lies i30 k'ilometres west of chr.istchurch (F.ig.1). It supports an important recreatjonal fishery for landlocked quinnat salmon, rai nbow trout, and brown trout. Gr-aynoth and skrzynski (Lg14) and the 0cta Associates Ltd (1976) list the lake as the most popular high country fishing lake in the North canterbury distr.ict.
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