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Antarctic Heterobranch Molluscs: Diving Into Their Challenging Ecology, Taxonomy, and Systematics

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Antarctic Heterobranch Molluscs: Diving Into Their Challenging Ecology, Taxonomy, and Systematics Antarctic heterobranch molluscs: diving into their challenging ecology, taxonomy, and systematics Juan Moles Sánchez ADVERTIMENT . La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ( www.tdx.cat ) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB ( diposit.ub.edu ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposici ó des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB . No s’autoritza la presenta ció del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indica r el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA . La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ( www.tdx.cat ) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB ( diposit.ub.edu ) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y pue sta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB . No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING . On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spre ading this thesis by the TDX ( www.tdx.cat ) service and by the UB Digital Repository ( diposit.ub.edu ) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized n or its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository . Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository is not authorized (framing). Tho s e rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. Antarctic heterobranch molluscs: diving into their challenging ecology, taxonomy, and systematics Doctoral Thesis Juan Moles Barcelona, 2016 “The truth is rarely pure and never simple.” Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest Cover pictures: Tritonia dantarti of M. Ballesteros, Charcotia granulosa, Doris kerguelenensis, Notaeolidia depressa, Tritonia challengeriana, and Tritoniella belli of G. Giribet, Homo sapiens and Limacina helicina of J. Junoy, and Cuthona crinita, Doto carinova, and Newnesia joani of J. Moles Programa de doctorado en Biodiversidad Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales Antarctic heterobranch molluscs: diving into their challenging ecology, taxonomy, and systematics Memoria presentada por Juan Moles Sánchez para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Barcelona Juan Moles Sánchez Barcelona, 2016 Vistobueno de la directora de tesis Conxita Àvila Escartín Profesora agregada del Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales Facultad de Biología Universidad de Barcelona Agradecimientos AGRADECIMIENTOS / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS La tesis es un proceso de aprendizaje equiparable a una historia de aventuras en la cual las hazañas y proezas del protagonista permiten acontecer su epopeya. En el transcurso de estos años, nuestro aventurero ha conocido a importantes figurantes que han dado forma y color y que participan cuales pilares fundamentales para el logro de esta narración. A diferencia de un relato, éste no tiene su fin, pues la historia prosigue pese a haber depositado su producto final, esta Tesis. Sin lugar a dudas, los mejores frutos han sido las amistades que han permitido al héroe ser lo que hoy en día es. Y es en este apartado donde me permitirán la licencia de vanagloriar a esas personas que han significado y seguirán significando tanto para él. Un joven y orondo Juan se levantaba un fin de semana cualquiera para ir al monte del Montseny o a la playa de Sta. Cristina, daba igual, lo cierto es que disfrutaba con cualquiera de los viajes que organizaban sus padres y su hermano Ramsés cada fin de semana. Juan “El Padre” y Mª Carmen “La Mamá” consiguieron incubar en Juan “El Hijo” la pasión por la naturaleza, la fauna y la flora. Cada logro escolar o descubrimiento personal debe ser reconocido a la tarea de enseñanza de su inseparable familia, sin la cual, el principio y final de este camino no podrían ser escritos. Juan quiere, a su vez, dar una especial mención de reconocimiento a los abuelos cuya sabiduría y felicidad han conseguido moldear el carácter del joven. Desde los higos chumbos que con tanta paciencia recolectaba y pelaba Manuel, a los innumerables momentos risueños y entrañables con Fernando y Mª Carmen, o los tés con galletas que se tomaba con Virginia cuyo recuerdo aún rememora vívidos cual madalena de Proust. Su humilde familia ha producido mella en la personalidad del héroe, su apoyo requeriría una mención especial más allá de la gratitud aquí escrita. Cabe destacar la familia adoptiva constituida por Isabel “The lovely” y Juan “El papichulo” que tan bien han acogido al joven en todo momento cual hijo suyo. Rondaría el año 2006 cuando nuestro joven y vivaz aventurero se adentraba a los intríngulis de la vida universitaria. En la fortificación que representaba la facultad de Biología, Juan conoció a inseparables compañeras de viaje que han crecido juntos durante la carrera universitaria. Dicha tétrada está representada por Anna “La Viajera”, Tamara “La Pequeña”, Lídia “La Sensata” y Lidia R “La No-Tan-Sensata”. Conjuntamente han compartido grandes viajes a las entrañas acaloradas de Andalucía, han esquiado por los montes helados de los Pirineos, han sobrevivido a los rugientes volcanes de Olot, han combatido los mares enfurecidos de Roses, han conseguido salir airosos de los laberintos de St. Antoni de Vilamajor y han sobrevivido a la dieta hipercalórica de Logroño, entre otras hazañas. A ellas el protagonista les debe innumerables risas y algo de cordura. Que la amistad forjada no la puedan deshacer ni los mares de lava del monte del Destino. Un largo etcétera de personas ha de ser también reconocido, Vane “La Neozelandesa” por su contagiosa risa o Carlos “Chocho” por su amistad durante tantos años de carrera y la pasión compartida para con la fauna y flora, son dos ejemplos destacables. iii Agradecimientos La época universitaria fue un periodo de adquisición de conocimientos que potenciaron las pasiones naturalistas del joven en cuestión. Más allá de las clases magistrales por profesores como Ramón Mª Masalles, Manuel Ballesteros, Gustavo Llorente, Miquel Arnedo, Josep Mª Ninot y un largo etcétera, la vida durante la carrera obtuvo sus frutos de las colaboraciones en los departamentos de botánica, fisiología vegetal y biología animal. Durante este periodo el ingenuo naturalista obtuvo los conocimientos basales para el desarrollo de su carrera investigadora, adquiriendo a su vez la amistad de muchos investigadores veteranos, a los que Juan debe más de un café. El departamento de biología animal ha sido el refugio del protagonista y donde muchas de las ideas de esta tesis surgieron. Grandes personalidades han compartido risas en este lugar: Lucía, Marcel, Owen, Álex, Fabi, Marta, Jessica, Oriol, Vanina, Marcos, Marc y muchos más a los cuales Juan debe su apoyo al haber compartido tantos años un camino común, el de la tesis. Nuestro héroe consiguió la conquista de los mares sureños a cargo del barco ELSA y sus tripulantes. Gracias a la asociación CIRCÉ, Juan ha conocido grandes personajes y ha vivido grandes aventuras entre delfines, calderones, ballenas y leviatanes varios. Desde el descubrimiento de la deliciosa comida tarifeña, hasta sumergirse entre cetáceos en las entrañas del Estrecho, a sumergirse literalmente en las entrañas de un pequeño Moby-Dick. Entre los circeños, Pauline “La Rorcual” y Philippe “El Capitán” han sido los franceses de mayor reconocimiento, no sólo por los conocimientos impartidos sobre cetáceos, ni por los viajes a tierras incógnitas en caravana, sino también por su mera amistad. Cabe destacar gente como Ruth “La Panda”, Renaud “El Jefe”, Carolina “La Pequeña Risueña” y, cómo no, la pequeña familia italiana de Eva, Rocco y su joven promesa Nerea “I Tre Magnifici”. Durante las campañas de conquista de los mares gaditanos otras grandes personalidades han de ser reconocidas, tales son Aixa “La Voluntaria”, o Isa “La Pajarera” con la cual Juan también descubrió Donosti y sus pinchos. El joven y audaz estudiante conoció grandes personalidades en el transcurso del máster de Biodiversidad. Qué grandes fueron los viajes a Roses, el Pirineo y Extremadura, donde conoció a gente variopinta, de diversa trayectoria profesional e intereses personales, pero que todas ellas al unísono acabaron por sembrar la semilla del doctorando en nuestro joven héroe. Sin lugar a dudas, Blanca “Tortuguitas” ha sido una hermana, una madre y una gran amiga para Juan. Sus contagiosas risas, interminables cafés con leche y pitillos y filosóficas conversaciones son de alabar. Si la personalidad de Juan se construyera cual edificio, Blanca sería uno de los pilares que la sustentan.
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