e s U l a r u R s e c r u o s e R l a r u t a N f o t n e m t r a p e D a n a i d n I d n a y e v r u S l a c i g o l o e G . S . U : s e c r u o S a t a D
D G M 0 0 5 > 4 2 1 0
N
y t n u o C e k i P
y l p p u S c i l b u
P ¸# D G M 0 0 5 - 0 0 1
s e l i M
. c s i
M ¸#
D G M 0 0 1 - 0
5 ¸#¸#¸#¸#
n i e s U d n
¸# a S " n o i t a g i r r I
y t i C D G M 0 5 - 0
# 1
¸
S
" y r t s u d n
I ¸#
D G M 0 1 < y t n u o C
s e c r u o s e R r e t a
¸# W
g n i n i M / y g r e n
E ¸#
) D G M ( w o l F 2 Q 7 e t a t s r e t n I
E K A T N I L L E
¸# ¸# W
r e v i R
s e k a L r o j a M n o i t a c o L l a w a r d h t i
¸# W
y t i n u m m o C r e s U S I G e h t d n a , o p o t s s i w s , P G I , N G I , d i r g o r e A , g n i p p a m t e G , X E A , S G S U , A D S U , d e b u c - i , e y E o e G , e b o l G l a t i g i D , i r s E : e c r u o S
W
D
u
a
b
r
r o
i #
c ¸
i
W
G
s
k
a W i r r k
c i
a
b
r
s
r
i P k i
e o
c n
k ¸# ¸#
¸# S
" ¸# ¸# ¸# ¸# ¸#¸# ¸# ¸#
¸#
¸# ¸#
S
¸# " S " o c s i c n a r
¸#¸# F
y t i
C ¸#
d n a l k a ¸#¸# O ¸# ¸#
D
P
u
i b
k
o
e
i G
s i
b
s
S "
o
n ¸#
¸# P R
i
# P i t a k k ¸ o a v e
e r w o l s n i W
¸#
¸# ¸# ¸#
¸# S "
g r u b s r e t e P
s
i s
s o
e
b
i
u
v
D a D
¸#
e
k
s i
s ¸#
P
e
i x
# v #
¸ ¸ o
a ¸#
n e D
k
K i
P
r
e
v
i
W
R
h
e e k a L i
t
e
k i P
r
e
v
i
s
s d o o w g o D
e R i v a
D e
t i
h W
k
r
o
F
t
s
E a
e k a L
x
d o o w g o D o
n
s
K
s
e
i
v a D ¸#¸#
¸#
S " ¸# Frank O'Bannon, Governor Department of Natural Resources Division of Water John Goss, Director Aquifer Systems Map 03-B BEDROCK AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF PIKE COUNTY, INDIANA
R. 8 W. R. 7 W. E ast F R. 9 W. R. 8 W. ork 5 4 3 1 3 1 6 3 5 4 6 CR 750 N Ri R. 9 W. ver 1 7 5
R R. 6 W. 8 12 S CR 350 E R. 7 W. 10 11 7 7 8 9 10 12 W 9 7 8 7 h it 11 Pike County Bedrock Aquifer Systems e Bartons Location 12
W
8
0
0 W
4 h River CR 675 N ite R Riv CR 675 N
C
W e 18 r In Pike County rock types exposed at the bedrock surface range from relatively unproductive Conger C 0 reek 0 17 16 7
15 shales to moderately productive sandstones. Thin limestone and coal seams are sometimes 17 13 18 17 16 15 18 17 R e
14 13 18 14 14 Whit
C W noted as water-bearing. Three bedrock aquifer systems are identified for Pike County based 16 M
2 5 13 7
E
on bedrock lithology. Bedrock aquifers are used extensively throughout the county except in the 7
15 E
u 16
d 0 R 0 N C CR 600 5
north and northeast where adequate ground water is generally available from shallower 0 C
8
r 1 4
e unconsolidated material in the buried bedrock valley or within the floodplains of the White and e R k R
E
C
C East Fork White Rivers. Elsewhere in the county, unconsolidated materials are very thin, 20 0 23 24 5
0
21 1
primarily consisting of weathered bedrock residuum.
22 E
8 21 R 20 21 22 23 24 19 5 20 24 19 20 21 22 23 C 19 P
19 7 25 7 r 2
2 37 The susceptibility of bedrock aquifer systems to surface contamination is largely dependent on i 5
d R CR 550 N 2
15 e the type and thickness of the overlying sediments. Just as recharge for bedrock aquifers cannot 24 SR 56 C s 52 R
19 S exceed that of overlying unconsolidated deposits, susceptibility to surface contamination will not 9 21 10 CR 500 N
29 E
exceed that of overlying deposits. However, because the bedrock aquifer systems have complex 16 49 0
SR 356 CR 475 N 0 0 fracturing systems, once a contaminant has been introduced into a bedrock aquifer system, it 28 W
E
1
0
18 0 13 0
3 11 Petersburg R
will be difficult to track and remediate. E
0
3
4 Algiers C
3 0
29 28 5 26 25 E 25 30 R 28 27 30 29 28 27 26 29 0 6 7 29 C 30
R E
25 5
5
C 17
R C
7 S 5 In general, the potential for encountering mineralized or saline ground water in Pike County R 5 C R 56 1 CR 425 N 7
7 o C 5 5 26 n increases rapidly for bedrock wells deeper than about 300 feet. 12 W g R e R 14 r C C CR 400 N CR 400 N 225 121 W 146 C
9 d
0 r
d e 0
e R R
k 5
f n
E
Pennsylvanian--McLeansboro Group Aquifer System f a
R i o
5 C
t
C d
7 i u CR 350 N CR 350 N
233 r
C r 32 36 1 k 31 32 33 e 36 C 35 31 34 35 32 33 34 e 35 36 31 Cre 32 33 e ud R M
R
e E
34 M
L
8 k 31 C 0 CR 325 N
5 i The outcrop/subcrop area of the McLeansboro Group is mostly confined to the northwestern t
5 S 0 t R
7 33 7 l 3 W e portion of Pike County, where it ranges in thickness from 0 feet at its contact with the underlying 5 5
R 6
T. 1 N. SR 65 CR 300 N T. 1 N. C Carbondale Group to about 150 feet at the western county line. This aquifer system consists in R CR 300 N
T. 1 S. S ascending order of the Shelburn, Patoka, Bond, and Mattoon Formations; however, only the T. 1 S. Shelburn Formation is present in Pike County. The Shelburn Formation contains the Busseron R. 9 W.
W S Sandstone member at or near its base. The sandstone is typically gray to tan in color, fine to CR 250 N 0 R
0
W W CR 250 N
5 4 3 2 1 6 6 5 4 6 5 2 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1
5 0 1
medium-grained, and massive. It is interbedded in places with gray shale. It is fairly extensive W
2
0
R
5
4 5 Otwell
C CR 225 N
2
and is used in places as an aquifer, even though its low permeability typically limits well yields. E CR 225 N
R
R 8 C
5
C C O
7 R o l d n P C CR 2 00 N R et The depth to the bedrock surface in the McLeansboro Group is generally less than 50 feet. g er C s e b E u r rg Wells range in depth from 45 to 307 feet, but are typically 75 to 175 feet deep. The amount of 0 R
0 CR 175 N d 7
rock penetrated typically ranges from 40 or 155 feet, with a maximum of 298 feet. Static water R
C CR 150 N levels in wells developed in the McLeansboro Group range from 12 to 55 feet below land surface, CR 150 N 8 9 8 9 10 W 11 12 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 but are typically between 15 and 40 feet below the surface. E 0 C 5 N
2 0 6 CR 1
r 5 e R 5
e C W k In general the McLeansboro Group in Pike County is considered a minor ground-water source R
CR 100 0 N C 5 SR 56
3
with most wells producing from the Busseron sandstone member or from a combination of
R
McLeansboro and Carbondale Group formations. Most domestic wells produce between 3 and C CR 75 N
10 gpm with localized yields of up to 30 gpm. E
5 E Location Map N 2
15 14 5 7 16 13 0 18 17
18 17 16 7 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 14 13 0 R E
W R
Water quality is generally good and the aquifer system is not very susceptible to contamination C 6 F
0
C l 0 a
W
t 5 R
0 CR 25 N
from the land surface. However, in limited areas some improperly constructed or abandoned 9
5 0
C
0
R
R
1
oil wells may have caused some contamination in the immediate vicinity of the wells. Expected Division Rd C C Division Rd
R
contaminants would be dissolved solids, especially sodium and chloride, and crude oil. Natural C
E CR 50 S water quality gets progressively worse (more salty) in wells deeper than about 200 or 300 feet. W CR 25 S
0
5 0
2 Glezen
8
E
6
R CR 250 W 0 C
22 R 23 24 19 20 21 0 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 C re
C
7 e
k
E W
7 R
Pennsylvanian--Carbondale Group Aquifer System CR 75 S
5 C
0 5
5 7
4
R
R
CR 1 S 00 S R CR 100 S
C
C
E
5
This Middle Pennsylvanian bedrock aquifer system consists in ascending order of the Linton, CR 125 S 7
4
Petersburg, and Dugger Formations. The entire section (although not its maximum thickness) R
CR 150 S C of the Carbondale Group is present in Pike County. The thickness of the group ranges from 0 27 26 25 W 26 25 30 29 28 30 29 28 27 26 25 30 29 28 27
5
W
W W
7
along its eastern edge to about 400 feet where it dips beneath younger rocks to the west. Most
0
3 0 CR 175 S 0
E
5
0 5
5
R 0
of the thickness of this group consists of variable shales and sandstones with some coal and 3 3
0
C
R
R 7
R 9
C
limestone. The outcrop/subcrop of the Carbondale Group occurs as a broad north-northwest to R 200 S C CR 200 S 5 C CR 200 S
C
R
2
south-southeast trending band covering nearly 75 percent of Pike County. The depth to the C R
bedrock surface is typically less than 40 feet. S Pa 31 R 35 toka iv 32 34 36 er CR 250 S Well depths in the Carbondale Group range from 23 to 345 feet with most constructed at depths 33 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 32 33
between 65 and 210 feet. The amount of rock penetrated by these wells typically ranges from Patoka River Winslow
E
40 to 170 feet with a maximum of 323 feet. Static water levels in the wells vary from 0 (flowing) 0
5 6
to 100 feet below the land surface, but are typically between 10 and 60 feet below the surface. T. 1 S. R. 9 W. R. 8 W. CR 300 S T. 1 S. R
C T. 2 S. T. 2 S. 3 2 The Carbondale Group is considered a minor ground-water source in Pike County with most wells producing from the thicker sandstone and coal units. Most wells for homes, irrigation, and stock produce between 1 and 13 gpm with localized yields of up to 25 gpm. A few dry holes 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 have been reported. CR 375 S
CR 400 S
Water quality is generally good and the aquifer system is not very susceptible to contamination E
0
from the land surface. However, in areas of surface and underground coal mining, some 5
3
E CR 42 localized contamination may have occurred. Contaminants are typically dissolved solids, R 5 S
5 C
7
including calcium, magnesium, sulfate, bicarbonate, and iron. The natural quality of well water 1
R 7 10 11 12 O SR 364 11 12 8 9 9 E gets progressively more mineralized (commonly changing from a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate C l 8 9 10 7 d St 0 type to a sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride type) as wells are drilled deeper than about 200 CR 475 S at 5 e 4 R
o R to 300 feet and the rock strata dip beneath younger rocks to the southwest. d a Velpen
d C
R
W
64 n
0
a
0
i
1
d
i
r CR 525 S R
e C Pennsylvanian--Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System M SR 64 16 15 CR 550 S 13 18 17 16 EXPLANATION 14 13 18 17 16 15 14
E
Aquifers contained within this Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian bedrock have generally low 5 Patoka River 7 County Road 0
yielding capability. This aquifer system consists, in ascending order of the Mansfield, Brazil, 1
and Staunton Formations. The Mansfield Formation rests unconformably on rocks of late R SR C 1 0.5 0 1 Mile 64 Augusta Mississippian age. This erosional contact surface is quite irregular in elevation, resulting in State Road & US Highway quite variable thickness of Mansfield rocks. Total thickness of the group in the county ranges 23 24 19 20 21 from about 350 feet near the eastern county line to about 800 feet in the northwestern part of 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 the county. Shale and sandstone compose approximately 95 percent of the group; and clay, Stream CR 675 S coal, and limestone make up nearly all the rest. Shale is more common than sandstone. The CR 700 S sandstone is mostly fine grained. The outcrop/subcrop area of the Raccoon Creek Group exists 1 0.5 0 1 Kilometer Lake & River along the east side of Pike County and in a buried bedrock valley in the northeastern corner of CR 725 S the county. The depth to the bedrock surface is typically less than 30 feet, except in parts of a buried bedrock valley system, where the depth to bedrock may be over 150 feet. Municipal Boundary 27 26 25 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 30 29 28 O ld Well depths in the Raccoon Creek Group are highly variable, ranging from 35 to 300 feet. S ta te However, most are constructed at depths of 60 to 200 feet. The amount of rock penetrated by E
R E
SR 64 o 0 CR 8 5 00 S a 0
wells typically ranges from 20 to 140 feet, with a maximum of 185 feet. Static water levels in 7 d d
0 7
R 6 1
S 4
the wells vary from 4 to 75 feet below the land surface, but they are typically between 10 and 50 l R
o R
u
d
u C a
C
feet below the surface. R t
H h
n
a i 36 31 32 33 d 34 35 33 34 i 35 36 32 33
r 31 In general, the Raccoon Creek Group Aquifer System is considered a dependable ground-water E
e
0
M
source in Pike County, with many wells producing from the basal sandstone of the Mansfield 0
3
Formation. Yields for domestic wells typically range from 2 to 10 gpm. Potentially higher R T. 2 S. T. 2 S. CR 900 S Fo C CR 900 S yielding wells may be obtained locally for light industrial, irrigation, farm operation, or small rk T. 3 S. T. 3 S. municipal usage of up to 50 gpm. Because of the low permeability of the bedrock, the abundance of shale confining zones both above and below aquifer systems, and the limitation 1 CR 950 S
6
E S
R 6 5 in available drawdown, it is seldom possible to divert large volumes of water into any particular CR 950 S 0 2 1 4 R 3
4 3 2 1 6 5 0 4 2 4 S 5 pumping center. 7
R E
C 0 5 9 Water quality is generally good and the aquifer system is not very susceptible to contamination CR 1000 S R from the land surface. However, in areas of surface and underground coal mining, some C localized contamination may have occurred. Contaminants are typically dissolved solids, including calcium, magnesium, sulfate, bicarbonate, and iron. Natural water quality gets P Ol a d State Road 64
t E o 7 8 9
progressively worse (more salty) in wells ranging in depth from 300 to 400 feet as the strata dip 5 12 9 10 k 10 11 11 12 2 9
7 8 a 4
beneath younger rocks to the southwest. R Stendal E
C
0
5
0
1100 S 1 CR
R
Underground Mine Areas C S 50
Spurgeon 11 E CR 0 18 17 16 16 0 14 13
15 14 4 16 15
13 18 17 R E
R
In these areas various coal seams within the Carbondale Group have been removed by i 0 0 C v
e 5
underground mining methods. Approximately 50 percent of the coal has been removed, leaving r R the potential for storage of substantial amounts of water in the larger mines. Although the Schmidt Rd CR 1200 S C Division has no records of wells drilled into these mines, yields of a few hundred gpm are possible. A limitation on use of the water could be its more mineralized nature.
23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22
R. 7 W. R. 6 W. R. 8 W. R. 7 W.
Map Use and Disclaimer Statement This map was created from several existing shapefiles. Underground Coal Mines in Southwestern Indiana Bedrock Aquifer Systems of Pike County, Indiana We request that the following agency be acknowledged in products derived (polygon shapefile, 20001002), Township and Range Lines of Indiana (line shapefile, 20020621), Land from this map: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water. Survey Lines of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621), and County Boundaries of Indiana (polygon by Map generated by Jennifer Mc Millan shapefile, 20050621) were all from the Indiana Geological Survey and based on a 1:24,000 scale, except IDNR, Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section This map was compiled by staff of the Indiana Department of Natural the Bedrock Geology of Southwestern Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20001124), which was at a 1:500,000 Gregory P. Schrader and William C. Herring June 2003 scale. Draft road shapefiles, System1 and System2 (line shapefiles, 2003), were from the Indiana Resources, Division of Water using data believed to be reasonably accurate. Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section However, a degree of error is inherent in all maps. This product is distributed Department of Transportation and based on a 1:24,000 scale. City Areas in Southwestern Indiana “as is” without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. This map (polygon shapefile, 1999) was from ESRI and based on a 1:100,000 scale. Streams27 (line shapefile, is intended for use only at the published scale. 20000420) was from the Center for Advanced Applications in GIS at Purdue University. June 2003 Frank O'Bannon, Governor Department of Natural Resources Division of Water John Goss, Director Aquifer Systems Map 03-A
UNCONSOLIDATED AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF PIKE COUNTY, INDIANA
Ea R. 8 W. R. 7 W. st For k W R. 9 W. R. 8 W. hite River 5 4 3 1 3 1 6 4 3 5 6 R. 10 W. R. 9 W. 1
W E 0 a 0 st 4
7 F W o
d 63-00477-EP 5 r h r 12 a R. 7 W. R. 6 W. k i 2 r 10 e
o ive 11 7 te 9 10 W e R v 12 7 8 t R
i 8 i R R Wh 9 i 7 h y 8
v S R i
7 t e t
n r e e
u 7 11 t 12 i 5 R o Bartons Location
h C 8 R i S v e
W r
W
W
5 63-02405-EP County Road 675 N
0 7
5
7 W
2
d 0 r 14
d a 18 17 16 0 e 63-00901-PS
15 a v 18 o 7 i 15 17 o 17 16
R 18 R 13
d C 14 13 R e 18
a 16 t
y 14
17 i o t
o
y h u
t 13 n
2 R n
n C
u W t
u
y
o o
y 16 t k
o
u
C 15 Six unconsolidated aquifer systems are mapped in Pike County. Boundaries are
n e R
C n
u e County Road 600 N Alluvial, Lacustrine, and Backwater Deposits Aquifer System
o t
o
r y
a commonly gradational, and individual aquifers may extend across aquifer boundaries.
1
C d
C R
o 8
63-04617-EP k a 5 The Coal Mine Spoil Aquifer System is man-made and most boundaries are well defined. 20 c
63-2217-PS d
23 24 i 0
1
21 L E Except in the northern part of the county, where the thickness of unconsolidated material 0
22 7 The Alluvial, Lacustrine, and Backwater Deposits Aquifer System is composed of 8 19 20 20 Iva
21 5 N 23 19 21 22 County Road 550 N 21
may exceed 200 feet, the amount of unconsolidated material overlying the bedrock is 19 50 22 19 20 E unconsolidated deposits in tributary valleys to White River, East Fork White River, and Wabash 2 5 25 37 24 23 24 C k ad e commonly less than 20 feet. In places, sand and gravel aquifers are located immediately o 15 o e River. These include deposits in the main valley of Patoka River and South Fork Patoka River. R 24 S u r C ty 52 Bowman R n C above the bedrock surface. Sand and gravel aquifers occur in the main valley of the Also included are deposits over two broad areas of Northern Pike County. The unconsolidated n 6 t o u 19 y h u o 5 c 9 21 10 n C R e 29 t e White River, East Fork White River, in a deeply buried bedrock valley in northeastern deposits have two sources: alluvium deposited by a stream along with colluvium eroded from
y o 16 49 B R a o d Pike County, and in some smaller buried bedrock valleys that may coincide with present- valley walls and uplands, and glaciolacustrine deposits formed in bodies of relatively stagnant a
SR 61 5 d 28 3 63-04617-EP Petersburg 0 lake water. 5 18 0 day valleys. 0 11 Alford k E 27 26 3 4 N 13 e 5 L 29 26 25 e 30 29 28 25 30 29 28 6 7 29 30 S r it 17 25 28 27 R Regional estimates of aquifer susceptibility to surface contamination can differ There are areas in this system where the thickness of unconsolidated material exceeds 100 feet,
C C tl 6 k SR 56 e 1 d Algiers County Road 425 N e o such as, in the area adjacent to the Buried Valley Aquifer System and in the valleys of Conger C 26 C u e u considerably from local reality. Variations within geologic environments can cause large
12 o n o n r g M t Creek and Little Conger Creek. Although not readily identifiable in well records, deposits of till H y n 14 e C r g County Road 400 N variations in susceptibility. Also, man-made structures such as poorly constructed water C r R 225 a e r are present in these areas. Similar areas in other counties may be mapped as a till aquifer system, r o r e a
121 W
e a
9 b 146 C k e wells, unplugged or improperly abandoned wells, and open excavations, can provide d 0 indicating higher yield potential due to the presence of intratill sand and gravel deposits. Very i r B
n 0
e 1 5 0 e containment pathways that bypass naturally protective clays. C k little data are available, but it is expected that wells drilled in these areas may yield sufficient
0 d 0 r a k
e o
E water for domestic needs. Because the Patoka River carried little outwash from melting glaciers, e 233 County Road 350 N e 32 35 R 35 36 31 32 33 36 33 34 k 34 e 31 32
y r it is doubtful that its main valley has potential for much more than domestic wells. 34 t 36 31 32 33 35
31 n C Dissected Till and Residuum / Unglaciated Southern Hills u
s o
33 e C d and Lowlands Aquifer System Sand and gravel lenses, where present in this aquifer system, are commonly less than 5 feet thick T. 1 N. Union i SR SR 65 County Road 300 N r County Road 300 N 3 T. 1 N. and are either confined within the glaciolacustrine deposits, or directly overly bedrock. Yields T. 1 S. P 56 ek T. 1 S. re for domestic wells range from 0 (a dry hole) to 30 gpm. Overall, prospects of completing high- R. 10 W. R. 9 W. C The Dissected Till and Residuum / Unglaciated Southern Hills and Lowlands Aquifer at capacity wells in this aquifer system are poor. However, there is one registered significant Fl System that covers most of Pike County south of the floodplain of the White and East County Road 250 N groundwater withdrawal facility (3 wells) using this system in Pike County. The reported 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 6 4 W Fork White Rivers has the most limited groundwater resources of the unconsolidated 3 1 5 capacity for all three wells is 30 gpm. This aquifer system is marked by thick deposits of soft silt 0 2
C 0 aquifer systems in the county. Unconsolidated materials of this aquifer system consist of
7
o
County Road 225 N and clay that have low susceptibility to surface contamination.
u
d C
n a Otwell thin, eroded bedrock residuum in most of the county. The residuum has a high clay
t
o o
y County Road 200 N u
R County Road 200 N content and is typically less than 15 feet thick. However, in the northern third of the
R n
y t
o
t y
a
n county the system includes some pre-Wisconsin till, lacustrine silt and clay, and
d R
u
o o
7 Wisconsin loess. In places, a thin sand layer, commonly less than 5 feet thick, is Buried Valley Aquifer System a
0
C d
0
C 7 encountered. Total thickness of the system in Pike County typically ranges from about 5
E
o 5 8 12 u 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12 n E to 50 feet. 9 10 11 ty R The Buried Valley Aquifer System consists of aquifer materials deposited in pre-glacial bedrock o a d There appears to be little potential for water production in the Dissected Till and W valleys. There is only one main buried bedrock valley located in Pike County. It cuts as deeply 5
5 0 County Road 100 N 2 W SR 56 Cato Residuum / Unglaciated Southern Hills and Lowlands Aquifer System in Pike County. as 155 feet into Pennsylvanian (Raccoon Creek Group) bedrock. It enters the county at the
1
d
W Nearly all wells penetrating this unconsolidated aquifer system in the county are eastern county line about one mile southeast of Otwell and trends northwest toward the East Fork
C
a
0
o
o
0
u R developed in the underlying bedrock. However, in places large-diameter bored (bucket- White River valley (about 1.5 miles northeast of Algiers). A buried tributary valley trending
4
n
y
t
t d y rig) wells may produce water from thin sands within the predominantly clay and silt toward the south-southwest intersects this main trunk about 2 miles west and 1 mile north of
a County Road 50 N n 14 13 18
R o 18 16 u 15 17 16 15 14 13 18 17 17 o
o 15 14 13 R materials of this aquifer system. The Dissected Till and Residuum / Unglaciated Otwell. Although there are additional buried bedrock valleys in Pike County, only the larger 16
a
C
y
d
t
k Southern Hills and Lowlands Aquifer System is transected by the Alluvial, Lacustrine,
n buried valleys that contain significant water-bearing sediments have been included as mapped County Road 25 N 9 e
u
k 0
e o e S 0 and Backwater Deposits Aquifer System and the Buried Valley Aquifer System. The r e units of the Buried Valley Aquifer System.
C R r
E
C C 6 k boundaries between these systems are transitional in many areas of the county. Clay is g 1 S ic i t on L abundant in both the till and residuum, thus this aquifer system has a low susceptibility to Domestic wells typically yield from 10 to 40 gpm. A major limitation of this aquifer system is B e C Glezen Campbelltown o surface contamination. the fine-grained, commonly dirty nature of the water-bearing units. e C r 21 22 ee 24 19 20 23 24 k 20 21 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 19 22 The Buried Valley Aquifer system has a low susceptibility to surface contamination because tills
7
5 k and lacustrine silts and clays generally overlie outwash sediments occurring within the bedrock County Road 75 S e White River and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer System e
C
R k r valleys. Although lenses of outwash sand and gravel may occur within the tills, the
o
S Oatsville County Road 100 e S u C County Road 100 S e County Road 100 S
n C predominance of fine-grained sediments above the bedrock valleys limits the migration of r e
t
o
y n
C
u
o contaminants from surface sources to the deep aquifers.
R
n r B
t o The White River and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer system is comprised primarily of large
a
y
a
g
d
R
volumes of sand and gravel that occupy the valleys of the White River and its major
u
o 8 30
S
a 30 27 0
27 d 29 28 26 29 28 27 26 25 30 29 28 26 25 0 tributaries. However, in Pike County this aquifer is limited to the main valleys of the
25
4 E Coal Mine Spoil Aquifer System 7 White River and East Fork White River. Sand and gravel deposits in this system range
5
E from less than 25 to more than 90 feet thick, but not all are saturated with water. Actual County Road 200 S County Road 200 S saturated aquifer thickness is about 25 to 75 feet thick. In some areas the water-bearing k e e units are overlain by fine-grained clay, silt, or muddy sand; therefore the aquifer may be The Coal Mine Spoil Aquifer System covers a large percentage (about 24 percent) of Pike r C Sugar Ridge confined or unconfined. County, mostly in the central and southern regions. This aquifer system was formed during the Pa 31 35 tok t a R 32 a 36 ive l Fish and Wildlife Area surface-mining process. The overburden, most of which was originally solid rock, was typically 34 r F Pike State Forest 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 The White River and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer system is by far the most productive broken up by blasting and moved aside to uncover the desired coal seam, thus creating a 33 7 35 36 31 32 5 33 aquifer system in the county and has the potential to consistently meet the needs of high-
2 heterogeneous mixture of particles ranging in size from clay, silt, and sand up to gravel, slabs, Winslow
R capacity water users. Well yields of 200 to 1000 gpm can be expected throughout most and boulders. Where extensive, these spoil areas contain considerable amounts of groundwater. R. 9 W. R. 8 W. S T. 1 S. T. 1 S. of the system. Currently there are 5 registered significant groundwater withdrawal Although data are lacking on permeability of these spoil materials, it is generally accepted that T. 2 S. T. 2 S. 3 2 Ayrshire facilities using this system in Pike County. This aquifer system is highly susceptible to the spoil permeability is greater than that for most of the original rock layers above the mined Pike State Forest contamination in areas that lack overlying clay layers. Areas within the system that are coal seam. overlain by thick layers of clay or silt are moderately susceptible to surface 3 2 1 6 6 5 4 5 4 3 2 1 contamination. The quality of groundwater in this system is generally much poorer than that in the overburden 4 before mining took place. Typically a significant increase occurs in total dissolved solids, Pike State Forest especially calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and sulfate. High iron, and in places low pH, can Muren County Road 400 S White River and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer Subsystem also severely limit potential uses of ground water from this system. The Division of Water has only 1 record of a water supply well completed in this aquifer system in Pike County. This domestic well yields 20 gpm. A water quality analysis is not available. Very generally, it is
9 expected that aquifers in old spoil that was not graded and capped with compacted soil are highly 9 12 7 8 10 11 12 SR 364 This aquifer system (subsystem) is generally located adjacent to and parallel to the White River susceptible to surface contamination whereas new spoil areas benefiting from modern 7 8 9 10 11 Velpen and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer System. It typically occupies a higher topographic position and reclamation methods are likely to be only moderately susceptible. has considerably thinner sand and gravel units than the main outwash aquifer system. Sugar Ridge Commonly the sand and gravel is covered by a layer of clay, till, lacustrine, or loess deposits. In 1 0.5 0 1 Mile Fish and Wildlife Area places, the upper portions may be unsaturated. M i l l There are no domestic wells or registered significant groundwater withdrawal facilities using this C 14 13 14 13 17 r aquifer system in Pike County, therefore no reliable estimates of aquifer thickness or potential 16 18 e 15 18 17 16 15 16 e k yield may be made. In general, this system is highly susceptible to surface contamination. Although the overlying clay or till may provide some protection to the confined portions of the 1 0.5 0 1 Kilometer S Arthur o u Patoka River subsystem, in many places surficial valley train deposits coalesce with the deeper outwash th deposits making them more vulnerable. F o SR Augusta r 64 k P a 24 t 22 o 23 19 20 k 22 19 20 21 21 a 23 24 21 R iv e k
r e e Pikeville r k C e re t s C a en Location Map ead H B
E 26 25 30 29 28 25 28 27 26 0 28 27 30 29 0
0
1
d
a Coe o
R
SR 64
County Road 800 S y
t
C
n
u
o
o
u
n
C
t
y
R 33 o 36 31 32
a 35 33 34 35 33 36 31 d 32
1 34
3
6
0
0
R
E S EXPLANATION T. 2 S. T. 2 S. T. 3 S.
T. 3 S. C E
o
Registered Significant Groundwater
u
Sugar Ridge 0
n 0 Withdrawal Facility
t 8
y Fish and Wildlife Area
d
R
k 1 a 6 5 4
e
o 2 4 3 4 3 o e
1 6 5 a Small Surface Mine R
r d
k 2
y
e 4 t C (Abandoned)
0
e C n
0 r
h u u
o
g
E
C p
C u
y C o Stream e r
R
n e e o S R k H 2 County Road 5 11 7 12 9 10 11 12 7 9 10 7 8 9 8 Stendal State Road & US Highway E
0 0 9 Approximate Southern Limit d County Road 1100 S a o C of Older Glacial Deposits R o
u y t n
n t y
u
o R Municipal Boundary Spurgeon C o 13 18 17 a
14 d 16 15 14 16 15 16
13 18 17
1
0
5
0
E DNR Managed Lands
Lake & River 19 20 21 23 24 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 Sugar Ridge Fish and Wildlife Area
R. 7 W. R. 6 W. R. 8 W. R. 7 W.
Map Use and Disclaimer Statement This map was created from several existing shapefiles. Surface Coal Mines in Southwestern Indiana We request that the following agency be acknowledged in products derived (polygon shapefile, 20001207), Township and Range Lines of Indiana (line shapefile, 20020621), Land Unconsolidated Aquifer Systems of Pike County, Indiana from this map: Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water. Survey Lines of Indiana (polygon shapefile, 20020621), and County Boundaries of Indiana (polygon by Map generated by Jennifer Mc Millan shapefile, 20050621) were all from the Indiana Geological Survey and based on a 1:24,000 scale. IDNR, Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section This map was compiled by staff of the Indiana Department of Natural Draft road shapefiles, System1 and System2 (line shapefiles, 2003), were from the Indiana Department June 2003 of Transportation and based on a 1:24,000 scale. City Areas in Southwestern Indiana (polygon Gregory P. Schrader and William C. Herring Resources, Division of Water using data believed to be reasonably accurate. Division of Water, Resource Assessment Section However, a degree of error is inherent in all maps. This product is distributed shapefile, 1999) was from ESRI and based on a 1:100,000 scale. Streams27 (line shapefile, 20000420) “as is” without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. This map was from the Center for Advanced Applications in GIS at Purdue University. Unconsolidated Aquifer is intended for use only at the published scale. Systems coverage (Schrader, 2003, Modified, 2010) was based on a 1:24,000 scale. June 2003