A selection of articles previously Dangerous solid published by Gard AS cargoes in bulk DRI, nickel and iron ores 3 Contents Carriage of dangerous cargo - Questions to ask before you say yes .............................................. 4 Understanding the different direct reduced iron products ................................................................ 7 Carriage of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) by Sea - Changes to the IMO Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes ....................................................................................................... 8 The dangers of carrying Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) .......................................................................... 11 Information required when offered a shipment of Iron fines that may contain DRI (C) ................ 12 Liquefaction of unprocessed mineral ores - Iron ore fines and nickel ore ...................................... 14 Intercargo publishes guide for the safe loading of nickel ore ......................................................... 18 Shifting solid bulk cargoes .................................................................................................................. 19 Cargo liquefaction - An update .......................................................................................................... 22 Cargo liquefaction problems – sinter feed from Brazil ..................................................................... 26 Liquefaction of cargoes of iron ore .................................................................................................... 27 India - Safe Shipment of Iron Ore Fines from Indian Ports .............................................................. 28 Indonesia and the Philippines – Safe Carriage of Nickel Ore Cargoes .......................................... 30 Dangers of carrying Nickel Ore from Indonesia and the Philippines – Mandatory Notification Requirements ......................................................................................... 33 The carriage of nickel ore from the Philippines and Indonesia - The insurance position ............. 34 New BIMCO Charterparty clause for solid bulk cargoes that may liquefy ..................................... 35 IMSBC Code amendments regarding cargoes that may liquefy ..................................................... 36 Disclaimer The information contained in this publication is compiled from material previously published by Gard AS and is provided for general information purposes only. Whilst we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy and quality of the information provided at the time of original publication, Gard AS can accept no responsibility in respect of any loss or damage of any kind whatsoever which may arise from reliance on information contained in this publication regardless of whether such information originates from Gard AS, its shareholders, correspondents or other contributors. © Gard AS, January 2014 4 Gard News 197, Carriage of dangerous February/April 2010 cargo - Questions to ask before you say yes The shipment of dangerous cargo is any time charter, particularly a long can be obtained from experts. With now commonplace in many trades. This one, shipowners should think carefully reference to the IMSBC Code, it should article is aimed at those operating in about which dangerous cargoes they be noted that a number of specific trades where the carriage of dangerous wish to exclude. Standard form time cargoes may be grouped together cargo is not an ordinary occurrence. charterparties usually contain a cargo under a general entry, e.g., mineral exclusion clause, but not all require the concentrates and metal sulphide Whilst cargoes can be legally shipowners’ prior written consent. It is concentrates. dangerous as well as physically up to the owner to name cargoes he dangerous, this article is written in the wishes to exclude from carriage and What are the dangers/hazards context of the latter. Unfortunately, it is worth doing some research (and posed by the cargo? there has been a number of cases in maybe obtaining expert advice) before Once the cargo has been correctly which crews and their ships have been doing so. It may be easier to expressly identified, the carrier should seek to lost because of dangerous cargoes state which cargoes are allowed under fully understand the dangers posed by (e.g., due to liquefaction) or have the charterparty, to the exclusion of all that cargo to the ship and crew. Beyond suffered harm from fires/explosions others without prior written consent. what is provided in relevant codes/ caused by dangerous cargoes.1 Regulations may require certain fire- regulations, research can be undertaken The sad truth is that there are some fighting arrangements or ships of with relevant industry bodies, the P&I ship operators who probably do not special construction/strengthening Club,3 flag state4 and port state. It is know they are carrying a dangerous for the carriage of dangerous cargoes important to be aware that codes such cargo because shippers misdeclare and for a document of compliance to as the IMDG Code and IMSBC Code them, in some cases deliberately. The be issued before dangerous cargoes may not be completely comprehensive. commentary below summarises some can be carried. Also, there may be For example, some ores, fines and of the main questions to be asked limitations on the quantity of dangerous concentrates that may liquefy may not before agreeing to carry dangerous cargo that the ship can carry, e.g., be identified as cargoes possessing that cargoes, perhaps starting with the most for structural/stability reasons and/or hazard in the IMSBC Code. If necessary, important question: who is shipping? because of restrictions under the IMDG expert advice can be sought. The cargo It is in the industry’s interest, and Code. On smaller ships, the simple may be dangerous by its very nature particularly the ships’ crews’, to avoid ability to safely segregate certain goods (for instance, it poses chemical hazards), doing business with so-called “rogue may be an issue. but others may only become dangerous shippers”. in certain circumstances. The carrier What are you asked to carry? should have a basic understanding of Who is shipping? It is all too common for dangerous how and why the cargo can become If the request to ship dangerous cargo goods to be misdeclared. It also dangerous - it may depend on the rate (or cargo which, given its description, happens that they get incorrectly at which it is loaded, its mass/density may be dangerous but not declared as or incompletely named. Different within a given cargo space, its moisture such) is made by a party with whom the companies, countries and trades may content, temperature or contact carrier has had no previous dealings also use different names for specific with certain solids/liquids/gases. It is or experience, investigations ought dangerous cargoes.2 It is important worth remembering that seemingly to be undertaken as to that party’s to establish the exact cargo you are safe cargoes can create dangerous experience in shipping such cargo, dealing with by obtaining details on situations; for example wood can cause and whether they have previously its physical and chemical properties, oxygen depletion with the obvious risk been connected with any accidents its hazards and origin. It is then a case that poses to those that may seek to or rogue shipments. Of course, rogue of referring to the relevant codes/ enter the cargo space. shippers can be expected to change regulations, such as SOLAS, BC names, so be aware of newly-formed Code and IMDG Code, to establish What does the ship/crew need to companies. If the request or order is the relevant carriage guidance. It is safely carry dangerous cargo? from time charterers, it is still important important to note, however, that the The ship may need to be of a certain to indentify and research the underlying cargo lists in the IMDG and IMSBC construction or strengthening for the shipper. In summary: is the party asking Codes are not exhaustive, which is carriage of dangerous cargo. It may to ship/shipping dangerous cargo why details from shippers on cargo also need special equipment, such reliable and trustworthy? properties and hazards are important. as fire-fighting apparatus, a nitrogen Care should be taken to refer to any generator for inerting, temperature What can you refuse to carry? amendments to the relevant codes/ monitoring, gas detection devices, Under a time charterparty, the charterer regulations and/or their very latest protective clothing for the crew. The has relative freedom to employ the version (only recently has a new BC crew will need to be provided with the ship on lawful trades and to load Code been introduced - now named relevant codes/regulations containing lawful cargoes, but shipowners can the IMSBC Code). Guidance can be guidance material on safe carriage and exclude their right to load certain sought from the P&I Club or other on responding to accidents involving cargoes. Therefore, before entering industry bodies and if necessary advice dangerous cargo (e.g., the Medical © Gard AS, January 2014 5 First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents What does your contract say? and which should fall on the shippers/ Involving Dangerous Goods). Of course, Cargo exclusions in time charterparties charterers. In a recent case6 the and most importantly, the crew will have already been mentioned, but what English courts decided that a carrier’s need to know exactly what