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Documentation of Some Threatened Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Tribes of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India

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Documentation of Some Threatened Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Tribes of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 804-811 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 804-811 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Documentation of some Threatened Ethnomedicinal Plants used by Tribes of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India Ramesh Kumar Ahirwar1* and Kumud Sandya2 1Department of Botany, Government College BirsinghpurPali, Umaria 484551, India 2Department of Botany, Govt. Girls College, Shahdol 484001, India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T K e y w o r d s Present paper highlights some threatened ethnomedicinal plants uses of 33 plant species belonging to 33 genera and 26 families used by the tribal communities of Threatened, Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR), Central India. Present Ethnomedicinal, Ethnomedicinalsurvey was conducted in the remote villages of Achanakmar- Tribal Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) during the period 2012-2013. These communities, plants are mostly used to different types of diseases like fever, diarrhoea, Achanakmar- dysentery, Piles, joint pain, wounds, healings, asthama, bronchitis, cough, snake Amarkantak bite, abortifacient, memories, Cardiac disease, kidney trouble, urinary diseases, Biosphere skin problem and Jaundice etc. Part of the plant used, dosage, mode of drug Reserve, preparation and administration in different ailments and diseases are described. The Central India plants species have been arranged alphabetically with their family, local name and ethnomedicinal uses. Introduction Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Pradesh and Bilaspurdistrict of Reserve (AABR) is named after Chhattishgarh. The altitude varies from 400- Achanakmar forest village and Amarkantak, 1100 m above the mean sea level. The a holy place from where the Narmada, vegetation of the area is of subtropical type Johilla and Sone rivers emerge. dominated mainly by sal trees. The mean Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere annual temperature ranges between 21°C Reserve was declared as Biosphere Reserve and 31°C. The average rainfall is about 1, (BR) by Government of India vide 900 mm which is received largely from Notification no. 9/16/99 CS/BR dated South West monsoon. The soils of the area 30th March 2005. It lies between220 15' to are usually lateritic, alluvial and black 200 58' N Latitude and 810 25'N to 820 5' E cotton type. Longitude. Geographically Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) The core area of Achanakmar-Amarkantak covers the part of three districts, viz. consists of the protected forest land while Anuppur and Dindori district of Madhya the buffer zone and the transition area are 804 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 804-811 characterized by forests, agricultural and information of medicinal plants. Field trips rehabilitated land and small suburban were organized in different tribal villages clusters. Twenty seven tribal and non-tribal and forest areas. The information on communities inhabit 418 villages living on medicinal herbal recipes used by the tribal agriculture (including production of for curing different ailments is gathered medicinal plants) and non-timber products through interviews with the tribal medicine produced in the buffer zone and transition men called vaidya and local experience areas. Its topography is varied from rice medicine man and expert person and fields in Bilaspur and Anuppur district, and question asked to gather data for this wheat fields in Dindori district to the hills of purpose. Each of the plant material was Maikal ranges of Satpura. The topography, collected and documented. The information in combination with perennial streams and has been collected from reliable and valleys has created micro-climatic authentic sources. The plant specimens are conditions in the area to provide diverse dried and pressed to prepare herbarium. The environmental conditions, encouraging herbarium prepared by standard method luxuriant growth for several species of (Jain and Rao 1977). The collected plant thallophytes, bryophytes, pteriodophytes specimens were identified by using flora and (ferns), gymnosperms, angiosperms and other pertinent literature (Hooker, many species of wild fauna of economic 1872,1897; Mudgal et al., 1997; Singh et al., importance. The Achanakmar-Amarkantak 2001; Kapale, 2012; Sahu, 2010 etc.,) and Biosphere Reserve (AABR) is inhabited by specimens were deposited at Pt. S.N.S. a number of tribes like Baiga, Gond, Bharia, Govt. P.G. College Shahdol, Madhya Bhils, Oraon, Kol, Korku, Muria, Bondyaet Pradesh, India. The information about the al. (2006) who dwell in remote areas of the plant, part used, disease, Local name and forest and uses plant resources in medicinal family name is given. purpose. The tribals mainly occupy villages such as Achanakmar, Antaria, Bandha, Results and Discussion BaratiNala, Chaparwa, Damgarh, Jagatpur, Januna Dadar, Kota, Thad Pathar, Sonkundi, Present study records a total of 33 plants etc. A number of valuable research papers species which are found to be used in the on ethnomedicinal plants of the treatment of fever, dysentery and diarrhoea, Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere piles, skin diseases, rheumatism, bone Reserve (AABR) have been published by fracture, cuts, wounds healing, cough, various workers. However, the vast store of pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, ethno-medicinal information of these study gynecological and abortifacient, snake bite, areas has not been fully documented. In the insect bite, stomachache and intestinal present paper, an attempt has been made to disorder, memories, jaundice, cardiac present indigenous knowledge and uses of diseases, kidney trouble, urinary diseases, the wild plants which are used by local tribal boils, male weakness and antifertility communities for treatment of various diseases. These medicinal plants are used by ailment and diseases (Figure 1). rural people and tribal communities residing in remote area. This knowledge of medicinal Material and Method plants is becoming vanished as there is no written material. These were only handed The ethno botanical exploration was carried over orally from generation to generation. out during the 2012-2013 to document the Some medicinal plants are vanishing in 805 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 804-811 alarming rate due to over exploitation, Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve(AABR) of harvesting, trade value, grazing, Madhya Pradesh of which 04 plant species industrialization and urbanization, Road are recorded under Endangered (EN) construction, clearing of forest for category, 06 plant species are found under agriculture, Megaprojects, anthropogenic Vulnerable(VU) category, 04 plants species influences. These plants are categorized as are observed under Near threatened (NT) per IUCN. A total of 33threatened plants category and 19 plant species Least Concern species have been listed here. Achanakmar- (LC) category (Table 1and Figure 2-3). Table.1 Some threatened medicinal plants of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) S.No. Botanical name Local Name Family Medicinal Status Used 01 AbelmoscusmoschatusMedic. Janglibhindi Malvaceae Root powder LC is given for Abortifacient 02 Abrusprecatorious L. Ratti Papilionaceae Root paste LC is applied in cuts 03 Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet. Kanghi Malvaceae Root juice is LC given for Abortifacient 04 Acacia nilotica(L.) Willd ex. Del. Babul Mimosaceae Pod powder LC is given in piles 05 AchyranthesasperaL. Chirchita Amaranthaceae Root paste is LC applied in cuts 06 Aegle marmelosa(L.) C. Orea Bel Rutaceae Fruit is eaten LC in Diarrhea 07 Aloe veraL. Guwarphata Liliaceae Leaves LC paste is applied on cuts 08 Andrographispaniculata(Brum. Kirayta Acanthaceae Leaf juice is VU f.)Wal. given in Ex. Nes. fever 09 ArgemonemexicanaL Pili Kateri Papaveraceae Stem latex is LC applied on cuts 10 Asparagus racemosusWilld. Satawari Liliaceae Root is used VU as tonic 11 Bacopamonnieri(L.) Wetlst Jalneem Scrophulariaceae Leaf powder LC 806 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 804-811 is given for memory increase 12 BoerhaviadiffusaL. Punarnava Nyctaginaceae Root powder NT is given in Kidney problem 13 Butea monosperma(Lamk.)Taub. Palash Fabaceae Seed is LC applied on Snake bite 14 Calotropisprocera(Aiton) R.Br. Aak Asclepidaceae Hollow stem LC having Jira used as smoke to cure Asthma 15 Capparis decidua (Forsk.)Edgew Karil Capparidaceae Seed powder VU is given in Snake bite 16 Cassia fistula L. Amaltas Caesalpinaceae Pod paste is LC eaten in piles 17 ChlorophytumborivilianumL. Liliaceae Root powder EN SafedMusali is used as a tonic 18 Costusspeciosus(J.koen.) J.E.Sm. Kevkand Costaceae Tuber EN powder is given cough 19 Croton tigliumL. Jamalghota Euphorbiacae Seed EN powder is given in intestinal disorder 20 CurculigoorchioidesGaertn. Kalimusali Hypoxidaceae Rhizome VU paste is applied on healing 21 Curcuma angustifoliaRoxb. Tikhur Zingiberaceae Tubers VU extract is given in Diarrhea 22 CuscutareflexaRoxb. Amarbel Cuscutaceae Stem juice LC is given in Jaundice 23 CyperusrotundusL. Nagarmotha Cyperaceae Tubers LC powder is 807 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 804-811 given in Dysentery 24 Evolvulusalsinoides(L.) . Sankpuspi Convolvulaceae Leaf powder LC is given in Bronchitis 25 Hemidesmusindicus(L.) R.Br Anantmul Asclepidaceae Root paste NT is applied in Joint pain 26 Mucunapuriens(L.) DC Kemach Papilionaceae Leaf paste is NT applied on skin for cooling 27 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Bijasal Papilionaceae Bark extract EN is given in Diarrhoea and Dysentery 28 Puerariatuberosa(Rox.ex.Wil.)DC Vidarikand Papilionaceae
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