Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-10, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Traditional Knowledge of Plant “Tinospora cordifolia” Used by Local People in Loss of Blood Platelets of Central .

Dr. Radheshyam Napit Assistant prof, Centre for Excellence I G N T U (M. P.) India.

Abstract : Ethno-botany is the study of the between 23.150 - 24.30 N. Latitude and 810 - relationship which exists between people of 810.450 E. Longitude. On its south east lies primitive societies and their plants environment. Amarkantak District and west in The herbal remedies rely on the vast potential on Bandhavgarh National Park District , and protective and curative properties of plants. South in district Dindauri, north east in Sanjay According to WHO nearly 80% of the people in Gandhi National Park district Shidhi. Shahdol developing countries rely on herbal medication. district has 5 blocks e.g. Sohagpur, , Plants have been most fascinating objects of nature , and Gohparu. The population and since ever. They have played a key role in health area of this district is about 10, 66,063 (District care needs of human beings. statistical book 2011). Shahdol cover’s a dense population of tribal community. The tribal residents The utility of plant, against disease loss of are mainly dependent on agriculture’s and forest blood platelets in human blood contents as resources for their daily life requirements. “Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. ex. Hook. f. & Thomas”. It is quality proved since time The Herbs, Shrubs, Trees and Climbers are the immemorial. Present study based on the role of sources of medication here. Though there is a herbal treatment by medicinal plants for health district hospital with a team of medical expert’s care (conservation) as household in Shahdol and several health centres existing here. The tribal district . In this study 1 plants or are completely dependent on herbal medicines for identified and analyzed with their local name, their health care. The present survey was Botanical name, Habit, Habitat, Medicinal use, undertaken to place on record the medicinal plant Methods and Chemical constituents of utilization used as remedy for blood in lack of (Neutropenia) against diseases. blood platelets by tribal of . During extensive survey of some tribal pockets in Ethnomedicinal plants need to be understood various block’s viz. Jaisinghnagar, Sohagpur, and planned for an understanding of indigenous Beohari, Gohparu, and Burhar one of the survey knowledge and practices the most effective and recorde new ethnomedicinal use of “Gurij” efficient mechanism for conserving them is to (Tinospora cordifolia Willd.) Miers. Which are prevent them from further destruction of habitats found to be interesting and new to ethno-medico by us. Shahdol is a rich store house of many botany? varieties of folk medicinal plants.

Keywords: Traditional Knowledge; Neutropenia; Tinospora cordifolia.

1. Introduction

The use of traditional medicine is widely accepted by Tribal community and rural people in Shahdol. District Shahdol is rich in medicinal plants having a biodiversity of about 300-500 species. The reported that the country has many areas where the traditional medicine culture is rich, and diverse making it an ideal site for ethno- botanical study and uses.

Shahdol district is located in Central Eastern part of Madhya Pradesh. It is situated FIG. 1. POSITION OF SHAHDOL DISTT

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-10, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

2. Review of Literature Amarkantak regions District Anuppur Central India. Research Hunt An International Multi The applied of ethno- medicine is widely Disciplinary e-journal,. Vol.χ Issue. I Jan-Feb - accepted by tribal community and rural people in 2015 Pag.1-4. Napit, Radheshyam, 2015. Shahdol. District Shahdol is rich in medicinal Ethnomedicinal Plants (Ptreridophytes) Study and plants having biodiversity of about 300-1000 Indegenous Knowledge of Pushprajgrah block with species. The reported that the country has different Special Reference to Amarkantak areas, where the traditional medicine culture is rich M.P. India. Research Hunt An International Multi and diverse making it an ideal site for ethno- Disciplinary e-journal, Vol.χ Issue. I Jan-Feb -2015 botanical study uses. Pag.5-8. Napit, Radheshyam, 2015. Calotrapis (Asclepiadaceae) Plants Used By The Tribal And The studies of many scientists and research Local Peoples. In The Administered Of Skin scholars about various ethno- medicines are widely Disease “Leucoderma” District Shahdol Central accepted by tribal community and rural people in India.Naveen Shodh Sansar (An International M.P., India like - Agarwal, J. L. 2003. Defeating Refereed Research Journal) Jan. to March Vol.1 Diabetes. Sci. Reporter: 44-47. Ambasta, S.P. Pag.34-35. Ramachandran, V.S. and Nair, N. C. (Ed.) 1986. The Useful Plants of India. CSIR, New 1981 Ethnobotanical observation on rurals of Tamil Delhi. Bhattacharjee, S.K. 1998. Hand Book of Naidu (India). J.Econ. Taxon. Bot. 2:183-190. Medicinal Plants. Pointer Publisher, New Delhi. Sinha, B.K. and Dixit, R.P. 2001 Ethnobotanical Bhalla, N.P.Sahu, T.R.Mishra, G.P. and Dakwale, studies on Sarcostemma acidum (Asclepiadacea) R.N. 1982 traditional plant’s medicines of sugar, from Khargaon Distt. Madhya Pradesh Distt., of Madhya Pradesh India. J.Econ. Taxon. Ethnobotany 13:116-117. Bot. 3:23-32.Chopra, R.N., Chopra, I.C. and Verma, B.S. 1968 supplement to Glossary Indian 3. Materials and Methods Medicinal Plant’s. CISR, New Delhi, as, A. 1976. Bitters and Diabetes. Indian Drugs. 14-168. Jain, Several tribal localities were explored and S.K. 1964. Native Plant remedies for snake bite information on Ethnobotanical use was gathered along Adivasis of central India. Indian Med. from knowledgeable medicine men of various J.57:307-369. Jain, S. K. 1968. Medicinal Plant, tribes. Vaidya such as Gond, Baiga, Kol, Agaria, National Book Trust, New Delhi. Jain, S. K. 1965. Pao, Bharia, Khairvar, Paliha, Kanvar, were Medicinal Plant Lore of Tribal’s of Baster Econ. interviewed and the information regarding Bot. 19:236-250. Jain, S. K. 1961. Dictionary of indigenous method of diagnosis and treatment Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany, Deep Plant parts used mode of administration of crude Publication, New Delhi. Kapale, R., Prajapati, A. drugs was gathered following the methods of Jain K., Napit R. S. & Ahairwar, R. K. 2013.Traditional S.K. (1967a.). Food Plants of Baiga Tribal`s : A Survey Study in Tribal Village of Amarkantak–Achanakmar Vegetative Character of Plant Biosphere, Central India. (2):27-30.Ind. J. Sci. And Tech. 2013. Kumar, Ramesh; et al.: Traditional Use Distribution- It is occurring in all over of Plants of Amarkantak; Indian Journal of Shahdol and also Madhyapredesh sub-topics and Traditional Knowledge Vol. 3(4) October 2004.pp. tropic’s regions in India.Tinospora cordifolia 383-390.Maheshwari, P. & Singh, W. (Willd.) Miers ex. Hook F. & Thomas, family 1965.Dictionary of Economic Plants in India. I. C. (Menispermaceae). Stem - perennial, large A. R. New Delhi. Napit, R. S. and Kumar K. 2012. glabrous, bark is creamy white to grey, deeply left Ethnomedicinal use Euphorbia Plants by Tribal spirally, the space in between being spotted with Communities of Shahdol District of M. P. Agrobios large rosette-like lenticels succulent, climbing News Letter Page. N0. 47-48. Napit, R. S., shrubs, characters. Leaves- Simple log petioles Shrivastava D. K. & Mishra S. K. 2011. Ethno- alternate, exstipulate, 10-15 cm long and 08-12 cm medico Botanical Study of Paliha Tribe of Gohparu broad lamina, cordate, deciduous. Assimilatory Block Distt. Shahdol M. P. (India) Journal of roots (Chlorophylls present) long filiform fleshy Tropical Forestry Vol. 27. Pag N0. 62-64. Napit, aerial roots from the stem branches. Inflorescence - Radheshyam, 2015. Ethnomedicinal Studies on Racemose, panicles, auxiliary, terminal racemes. Baiga Tribes in Jaisinghnagar Block District Flowers - Actinomorphic, Small, greenish yellow. Shahdol M.P. Central India. Research Hunt an Male - clustered and Female- flower usually International Multi Disciplinary e-journal, Vol.χ solitary. Calyx - 3 Coralla-3 Androecium-6, Issue. I, Jan-Feb -2015 Pag. 9- 12. Napit, Gynoecium-1 and tetracarpellary, Ovary - Superior Radheshyam, 2015. Medicinal Plant King of ovary, Fruit- Thick stalk 1-3 ovoid Single seeded, Bitters “Swertia chirata Buch.Ham.” drupes are glossy, succulent, ripening red (orange (Gentianaceae) Chirayata Used by Tribals of coloured).

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-10, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Flowering & Fruiting: Aug-Sep. Medicinal Parts purifier, Expectorant, Diuretic, Carminative, – (Whole plant) Cardio tonic, Constipative, Digestive, Diuretic, Stimulant, and Stomachic such effects have been Distribution: Throughout tropical regions of India. attributed to several herbal preparations .Its name is “ Amrita” just like protector. Dosage: Leaf juice or stem decoction taken daily in the morning empty stomach. 7. Active Constituents

Active Constituents: Stem contains - Starch, 4. History glycoside, (Giloin), giloinin, tinosporic acid, vasa alcohol, essential oil, vasa acid, proteins, calcium, The fresh stem and also leaves of the phosphorus, berberine, gilosterol. Furanoloctone, plants have been used by the tribal people residing furanolactone, tinosporon, tinosporol, in and around the forest for checking blood in lack tinosporoside, tinosporin, tinosporindine, β - of (Neutropenia) blood platelets disease and sitosterol, (Stem.), cordifol, heptacasanol and rapidly use. This is widely known healer among the octacosanol (leaves.) tribals and other rural, urban people. The tribes have been using it since time immemorial. It is said Part - A that they used the leaves packing meat to carry it home that the blood disease had best result meat. Since then they have using it for healing lack of Number of Constiutents blood platelets diseases. (Anonymous, 1976; Starch Kritikar and Basu, 1975; Chopra et al., 1956) glycoside

Glycoside 5. Medicinal Use (Giloin) How to Use - The fresh “Gurij” (Tinospora giloinin cordifolia (Willd.), Miers ex Hook. f., stem is tinosporic acid crushed and prepare decoction of 1- 2 cup and vasa alcohol along with “Papaya” (Papita) (Carica papaya L.) essential oil leaf juice 1-2 table spoon, “Aloevera” (Ghee gwar) (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) leaf juice 1-2 table vasa acid spoons, and “Tomato” (Tamater) (Lycopersicon proteins esculentum Mill.) 1-2 ripe fruit taken 2 times once calcium a day for 3- 5 weeks to treatment for lack of (Neutropenia) blood platelets in blood composition diseases. Part - B 6. Biological Activities

Other Uses - Plant “Gurij / Guduchi / Amrita” Number of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. ex Hook. f. yield according to Ayurvedic system of medicine is Constiutents used like - Arthritis, Fever, Diabetes, Jaundice, Burning sensation, Constipation, Vomiting, Spleen 1 diseases Vaginal discharge, Tonic, Herpes lesions, Indigestion, Irritable bowel syndrome, Increases 0.5 sperm count and sperm motility, Antiperiodic, 0 Antipyretic, Antigout, Analgesic, Astringent, Anthelmintic, Antiischemic, Antiarthritic, Antiperiodic, Antipyretic,Immunomodulatory,Antistress,Memory enhancing,Antifertility,Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antiulcer, Anti- cancerous,Reduced-stone, Hypolipidaemic,Antiallergic Antimalarial, Anti- inflammatory, Antidiabetic, Anti-asthmatic, Aphrodisiac, Antigonorrhoeal, Antiicteric, Cholagogue, Antiemetic Bitter, Blood repair &

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-10, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

8. Active Constituents district Umbria, Anuppur district have made mention of this plant species. Reference: Balu et al., (2000); Chauhan, (1999), Ghosh and Das, (2000); Paranjpe, 12. Acknowledgements

(2001); Qudrat et al.(1964); Sivarajan and The research scholar is thankful to the Balachandran, (1994); Thomas and Britto, (1989). people of Shahdol district indigenous knowledge and also I would like to express thankful to Dr. Smt. Darshan Thakur, Retired Principal Govt. P.G. College Narsinghpur M.P., Dr. S.K. Mishra H.O.D. 9. Needs of Pharmacological Studies Deptt., of Botany Pt. SNS. Govt. P.G. College Shahdol M.P. and Dr. A.K. Shukla, Dr. Naveen The pharmacological studies have therefore, Sharma dean faculty of science Deptt, of Botany concentrated more on the lack of blood platelets in IGNTU Amarkantak M.P. for their kind blood composition activity of plant Tinospora cooperation and good support and guidance in this cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex. Hook F. & Thomas, research work. on account of its reputation in the traditional system medicine includes folklore. References

It is exact need to Pharmacological 1 Agarwal, J.L. 2003. Defeating Diabetes. Sci. studies, plant parts to the responsible of which Reporter: 44-47. medical chemical compounds to treatment for lack of blood platelets in blood composition disease. 2 Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.) 1986. The Useful Plants of India. CSIR, New Dehli. 10. Experiment of Medicine 3 Bhattacharjee, S.K. 1998. Hand Book of Medicinal The first experiment trial (apply) Plants. Pointer Publisher, New Delhi. carried out on 10 patients (in the age group of 45- 60 years) of the treatment for lack of blood 4 Bhalla, N.P.Sahu, T.R.Mishra, G.P. and Dakwale, platelets in blood composition activity, the powder R.N. 1982 traditional plant’s medicines of sugar, Distt., of Madhya Pradesh India. J.Econ. Taxon. or extract of plants Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Bot. 3:23-32. Miers ex. Hook F. & Thomas, are plant parts (extract given) encouraging the treatment for lack 5 Chopra, R.N., Chopra, I.C. and Verma, B.S. 1968 of (Neutropenia) blood platelets in blood supplement to Glossary Indian Medicinal Plant’s. composition activity, effects in 10 person in CISR, New Delhi. different doses. It is an improvement in lack of blood platelets in blood composition, tolerance in 6 Das, A. 1976. Bitters and Diabetes. Indian Drugs. 10 patients’ after 21 days treatments. 14-168.

11. Conclusion 7 Jain, S.K. 1964. Native Plant remedies for snake bite along Adivasis of central India. Indian Med. Stem and leaves has been found to be a J.57:307-369. wonderful healer. Application of fresh stem 8 Jain, S. K. 1968. Medicinal Plant, National Book decoction stops (Neutropenia) lack of blood Trust, New Delhi. platelets diseases and also many other uses of “Gurij” (Tinospora cordifolia Willd.) Miers. 9 Jain, S. K. 1965. Medicinal Plant Lore of Tribal’s Arthritis, Fever, Gout, Diabetes, Jaundice, Blood of Baster Econ. Bot. 19:236-250. purifier, Burning sensation, Constipation, 10 Jain, S. K. 1961. Dictionary of Indian Folk Vomiting, Spleen diseases Vaginal discharge, Medicine and Ethnobotany,Deep Publication, New Tonic, Herpes lesions, Indigestion, Irritable bowel Delhi. syndrome, Increases sperm count and sperm motility. 11 Kapale, R., Prajapati, A. K., Napit R. S. & Ahairwar, R. K. 2013.Traditional Food Plants of Plant species prevent blood clotting in case Baiga Tribal`s : A Survey Study in Tribal Village of Amarkantak–Achanakmar Biosphere, Central of accident. Were conducted ethno botanical uses India. (2):27-30.Ind. J. Sci. And Tech. 2013. on the plant species of Beohari, Gohparu, Jaisinghnagar, Jaitpur, Sohagpur forest area? 12 Kumar, Ramesh; et al.: Traditional Use of Plants Shahdol district present time divided two district of Amarkantak; Indian Journal of Traditional Anuppur and Umbria. has three Knowledge Vol. 3(4) October 2004.pp. 383-390.

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13 Maheshwari, P. & Singh, W. 1965.Dictionary of Plant Photo Plate – Economic Plants in India. I. C. A. R. New Delhi.

14 Napit, R. S. and Kumar K. 2012. Ethnomedicinal use Euphorbia Plants by Tribal Communities of Shahdol District of M. P. Agrobios News Letter Page. N0. 47-48.

15 Napit, R. S., Shrivastava D. K. & Mishra S. K. 2011. Ethno-medico Botanical Study of Paliha Tribe of Gohparu Block Distt. Shahdol M. P. (India) Journal of Tropical Forestry Vol. 27. Pag N0. 62-64. 16 Napit, Dr. Radheshyam, 2015.Ethnomedicinal Studies on Baiga Tribes in Jaisinghnagar Block District Shahdol M.P. Central India. Research Hunt An International Multi Disciplinary e- journal, Vol.χ Issue. I, Jan-Feb -2015 Pag. 9- 12.

17 Napit, Dr. Radheshyam, 2015. Medicinal Plant King of Bitters “Swertia chirata Buch.Ham.” (Gentianaceae) Chirayata Used by Tribals of Amarkantak regions District Anuppur Central India. Research Hunt An International Multi Disciplinary e-journal,. Vol.χ Issue. I Jan-Feb. 2015 Pag.1-4. 18 Napit, Dr. Radheshyam, 2015. Ethnomedicinal Plants (Ptreridophytes) Study and Indegenous Knowledge of Pushprajgrah block with Special Reference to Amarkantak Anuppur District M.P. India. Research Hunt An International Multi Disciplinary e-journal, Vol.χ Issue. I Jan-Feb - 2015 Pag.5-8.

19 Napit, Dr. Radheshyam, 2015. Calotrapis (Asclepiadaceae) Plants Used By The Tribal And Local Peoples. In The Administered Of Skin Disease “Leucoderma” District Shahdol Central India.Naveen Shodh Sansar (An International Fig.1 (Tinospora cordifolia Willd.) Miers. Refereed Research Journal) Jan. to March Vol.1 Climber Pag.34-35

20 Sinha, A. 1959 a, Chemical examination of the seeds of Jatropha curcas Linn. J. Inst. Chem. (India) 31, 213.

21 Ramachandran, V.S. and Nair, N.C. 1981 Ethnobotanical observation on rurals of Tamil Naidu (India). J.Econ. Taxon. Bot. 2:183-190.

22 Sinha, B.K. and Dixit, R.P. 2001 Ethnobotanical studies on Sarcostemma acidum (Asclepiadacea) from Khargaon Distt. Madhya Pradesh Ethnobotany 13:116-117.

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