rc rh* Pearl on the Sunshine Coast

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

DECEMBER 2006

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213.26 ftw**Rnw t'he l=errl on the Sunshine Crrast

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFIGIENCY STUDY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 TNTRODUCTION ...... 1-l l.l 1.2 1.3

2.0 WATER SYSTEM...... 2-l

2.1 Existing Water System...... 2-l 2.2 Design of Water Systems...... 2-4 2.3 Population ...... 2-5 2.4 Water Demand ...... 2-6 2.4.1 Historical Water Consumption ...... 2-6 2.4.2 Summary ...... 2-9 2.5 Distribution of Annual Water Demand...... 2-10 2.5.1 Annual Demand ...... 2-14 2.5.2 Distribution During Summer Demands ...... 2-15 2.5.3 Unit Water Demand ...2-16 2.6 Water Utility Budget...... 2-17 2.7 Potential Cost Savings to Capital Program...... 2-18 2.8 Existing Water Use Efficiency Program ...2-20

3.0

3.1 Design of Wastewater System ...... 3-1 3.2 Affect on Wastewater Flows...... 3-2 3.2.1 Base Flows ...... 3-3 3.2.2 lnfiltration and Inflow (I&D...... 3-3 3.2.3 Comparison of Wastewater Flows with Water Demands .....3-3 3.3 Potential Wastewater Treatment Cost Savinss...... 3-4

3.4 fu1;ru*fff1;.:Y:';::::'..:.:'...::::::: :::::: : :: :..''...i.;

Dqtonl llnlghtl.td. CONSUI.TINC INGINECTS

Page i 213.26 02006 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd.)

4.0 WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY ...... 4-1

4.1 Province of B.C. Initiatives...... 4-I 4.1.1 Regulatory Too1s...... 4-3 4.1.2 Legal Tools ...... 4-4 4.1.3 Economic Tools ...... 4-6 4.1.4 Operation and Maintenance Tools ...... 4-9 4.1.5 Communication and Education Too1s...... 4-1 I 4.2 Water Use Efficiency lnitiatives for B.C. Municipalities...... 4-14 4.2.1 City of Abbotsford .....4-I4 4.2.2 City of Campbell River ...... 4-15 4.2.3 District of Houston. ....4-16 4.2.4 City of Kamloops...... 4-18 4.2.5 City of Kelowna...... 4-20 4.2.6 City of Prince George ...... 4-21 4.2.7 City of Suney...... 4-23 4.2.8 Summary...... 4-23 4.3 American Water Works Association ...... 4-24 4.4 Web Sites ...... 4-25

5.0 POTENTIAL METERING SYSTEM...... 5-1

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5

5.6

6.0

6.r Overview...... 6-l 6.2 Estimated Benefits and Costs of Water Conservation Measures ...... 6-2 6.2.1 Retrofit Kits...... 6-2 6.2.2 Ultra Low Flush Toi1et...... 6-3 6.2.3 New Plumbing Code ....6-3 6.2.4 Residential Water Audits ...... 6-3 6.2.5 Industrial/Commercial/Institutional...... 6-4 6.2.6 Outdoor Irrigation ...... 6-4 6.2.7 Public Education ...... 6-4 6.2.8 Pricing/Metering ...... 6-5

lla$on & llnigil lril fl to*tuLTrNG ENGTNEERS |[( Page ii 213.26 02006 TABLE OF GONTENTS (cont'd.)

6.2.9 System Leakage ...... 6-5 6.2.10 Summary ...... 6-5 6.3 Cost Benefit Analysis ...... 6-6

7.0

7.1 7.2

APPENDICES

A Terms of Reference B Bylaw No. 2068, 2005 C Water Demand Profile D Maximum Temperature and Precipitation Profile E Water Consumption F Survey on Hard and Soft Conservation Measures in Surveyed B.C. Municipalities G Water Use Efficiency Brochures from other B.C. Municipalities

I Drorm& IlnightLld. ,.; CON5ULTIN(: f NGTNETRS Page iii 213.26@2006 I hc itrrl on the Sunshrnc C.oast

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

With the increasing growth in population and economic development, mounting pressure on all of the available water resources has been noticed. To address this, the British Columbia Water and Waste Association (BCWWA) along with the Ministry of Environment and Environment

Canada formed a partnership to develop a Water Conservation Strategy for British Columbia (1998). The goal of the Water Conservation Strategy for British Columbia is to develop and promote supply and demand-side management measures for application by municipalities, water purveyors, drawers and users throughout the province, recognizing regional differences. This strategy provides a common framework for water management activities and programs throughout the province. The strategy projects water as a valuable resource, which must be used effi ciently, wisely and cost-effectively.

Water use efficiency is becoming an increasingly important option to ensure the future reliability of water supplies by reducing water demand. This includes activities to reduce the demand for water, improve efficiency in use, reduce loss and waste of water, and improve land management practices to conserve water. This report contains a review of water use efficiency measures for the

City of Powell River. An outline of the various options available to achieve water conservation is provided, an estimate of the cost of implementing the various options is made, and the effect of implementing the options on water volume reduction is considered. The potential effects of water conservation measures include reduced operation and maintenance costs, reduced demands on water sources, reduced flows to the City's wastewater systems, reduced or delayed capital expansion costs for the entire water system and the wastewater system, and reduced rate of water demand increase.

@ton & llnight [rd. f, coNsuLTrNG ENGTNEERS eH( Page ES-1 213.280.2006 The 2005 population of the City of Powell River based on census data from statistics Canada and

BC Stat was about 13,250 people. The City has two independent water supply and distribution systems. The Powell Lake system supplies water to Wildwood, serving a population of approximately 1,300 people. The Haslam Lake system supplies water to Cranberry Lake,

Townsite, and Westview, serving a population of approximately 12,000 people. A third source,

West Lake, has been utilized in the past, but it is currently not in use due to the poor condition of the connecting wood stave main, and to past issues related to water quality.

Recommendations for future capital improvements to the City of Powell River water supply system include improvements in the supply system, water treatment, and distribution system.

The recommended improvements are dependent on the peak demand and fire flow requirement, and on water quality requirements, all of which are relatively independent of water use efficiency. Therefore implementing the water use efficiency program would have a minimum impact on deferring the recommended capital expenditures for the water supply system improvements.

For the purpose of this analysis, the City's total annual water demand of 3,722,180 m3 was derived from the average annual demand over the years from 2000 to 2005. The unit cost of City water is about $0.30/m3 (includes fixed and variable components). The variable cost is estimated at

$0.033/m3. The City's water consumption profile shows that water use is highest during August, when air temperatures are high and outdoor use is at a maximum. Approximately 20Yo of the

City's total water demand was attributed to leakage, with approximately 60Yo attributed to indoor use and 20ohto outdoor (summer) use. The City's per capita water consumption for residents

(assuming an equivalent population of 3,300 attributed to industrial, commercial and institutional users) is currently about 645 Llc/d, which is moderate compared to other B.C. municipalities.

The analysis contained in this report shows that the implementation of a water use efficiency program would not result in significant savings for the recommended capital improvements to the City's water supply system, since these improvements are mainly related to peak demand and

llry3on & llnight lld. CONSULTING 'NCINEERS Page ES-2 213.26 @2006 fire flow requirements. Reduction in wastewater flows resulting from water use efficiency would result in some costs savings for wastewater collection and treatment, but these would be relatively insignificant (e.g., approximately 3Yo of the total capital and operating costs assuming a l0o/o reduction in wastewater flow rates). Therefore, the implementation of water use efficiency measures that have a significant cost will not be cost-effective at present. However, the City should implement water use efficiency measures that have low or insignificant costs in the near future as described below. The implementation of best practices for water use will help to minimize system operating costs, and will involve and educate the community so that water use efficiency measures will be easier to implement in future, should these measures become cost-effective due to changes in the City's water supply system (e.g. implementation of costly capital works for water treatment). The Water Use Efficiency Program Summary presented in

Table E-l shows high priority water conservation measures for planning purposes.

Dqlton & llnight l.td. CONSULTINC ENGINEERS Page ES-3 213.26 @2006 TABLE E.1 PRIORITIES FOR WATER USE EFFICIENCY MEASURES Measure Priority Cost l) Undertake water conservation awareness programs and High $3,250 to confirm a commitment to water use efficiency in the $6,500 per community and elementary school. This could include: yeat . Bill stuffers on water conservation from such organizations as the American Water Works Association . Work with commercial users exploring avenues for water conservation

o Prepare a handout advising the public on ways to reduce water consumption r Attendins local trade shows

2) The City should continue to enforce sprinkling restrictions. High Minimal cost Encourage people to practice xeriscaping and implement to City rain barrel program.

3) The City should adopt a water demand management policy High Minimal cost including establishing ofappropriate annual and peak day to City reduction targets for the next five years. The City should track the daily demand by year and analyze the pattem for trends in the consumption and impacts of water use efficiency efforts. As part of this program the findings should be reported annually to the public as part of the education program.

4) A thorough knowledge of all City water distribution system High Cost components is necessary. The City should ensure that the undetermined location, condition and assurance that all pipe/service connection/leakage repairs/fire hydrant maintenance information is properly recorded, up-to-date, and available for easy access on current maps. s) Conduct an audit of potential large water users (ICI) to High $15,000 determine water use and the potential for savings.

6) Develop and adopt a bylaw requiring ultra low flush toilets High Minimal cost and reduced water use fixtures for all new buildings. to City Encourage voluntary retrofits in existing buildings in cooperation with outside agencies such as BC Gas and BC Hydro.

7) The City should undertake a) a water reservoir drawdown test, and High $5,000 b) ifrequired, a leakage detection program focusing on High $45,000 areas with ageing pipes and history of leak repairs.

I tlroton & llnlght Uril, icoNSuLTrNG ENCTNEfRS Page ES4 2{3.26 @2006 l'he Fe;rrl on the Sunshinc Const

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Water use efficiency is becoming an increasingly important option to ensure the future reliability of water supplies by reducing water demand. This includes activities to reduce the demand for water, improve efficiency in use, reduce loss and waste of water, and improve land management practices to conserve water. However, the idea of putting water use efficiency on an equal footing with other water supply options requires quantiffing the beneficial costs of conservation methods.

This report contains a review of the role of water use efficiency. An outline of the various options available to achieve water conservation is provided, an estimate of the cost of implementing the various options is made, and the effect of implementing the options on water volume reduction is considered. The report concludes with recommended water conservation measures.

1.1 Utility Overview

The principal impact of water use efficiency is related to existing and proposed

improvements to the water and sewage systems. Conservation measures affect both

average and peak period water usage and sewage flow. The potential effects of water

conservation measures are as follows:

reduced operation and maintenance costs for power, chemicals and general

maintenance;

reduced demands on water sources;

I llrybn & llnlght ttd. icoN5uLTrNG ENGTNEfRS Page 1-l [email protected] reduced flows to the City's wastewater systems;

reduced or delayed capital expansion costs for the entire water system and the

wastewater system; and

reduced rate of water demand increase.

In general, the operating costs of the utility can be divided into the following four areas:

variable operating and maintenance expenditures;

fixed operating and maintenance expenditures;

customer billing and administration expenditures; and

metering charges.

Variable operating and maintenance expenditures are comprised of costs which depend on

the amount of water supplied through the system, normally including chemicals (such as

chlorine), energy, and a portion of the labour and materials costs for the repair and

maintenance of the system. The category of fixed operating and maintenance expenditures

is comprised of costs which do not vary with the amount of water pumped through the

system, including expenditures such as equipment and materials needed for regularly

scheduled maintenance and a portion of the labour costs. Customer billing and metering

costs are also fixed costs which do not vary with the amount of water moved through the

system, but they will vary with the number of connections which are served by the system.

Since there are few water meters installed and none of the meters are used currentlv. there

are minimal metering costs at present.

1.2 Conduct of Study

Authorization to proceed with the water use efficiency study was made by the City of

Powell River on March 29th,2006. Following authorization the consulting team

assembled the information from the Citv on the existins water svstem. historical water

Hton & llnlght lld. C()NSULTING ENGINEEIS 2't3.26 02006 demand, inflows to the wastewater treatment plants, and capital and operating budget. The terms of reference for this study is provided in Appendix A.

The following documents were reviewed in preparation of this study:

1. American Water Works Association, Residential End Uses of Water, 1999. 2. BC Regional District and Municipal Population Estimates,1996-2005, BC Stats. 3. British Columbia Municipal and Regional District 2001 Census Results, BC Stats. 4. Corporation of the District of Powell River - Long Term Water Supply, Dayton & Knight Ltd., May 2005. 5. District of Salmon Arm Liquid Waste Management Plan, Dayton & Knight Ltd., 2004. 6. Drinking Water Protection Act Implementation, City of Powell River, Dayton & Knight Ltd., April, 2006. 7. Liquid Waste Management Plan - Stage 2 Westview/Townsite Treatment Plant Consolidation Study, Dayton & Knight Ltd., August2005. Regional District 27- Powell River, Statistical Profile, BC Stats.2005.

Report on Water Use Efficiency, District of Houston, Dayton & Knight December.2001.

10. Resort Municipality of Whistler 2004 Liquid Waste Management Plan Update, Dayton & Knight Ltd.,2004.

1 L The Corporation of the District of Powell River, Bylaw No. 2068, 2005 (Appendix B). 12. Water Conservation Programs - A Planning Manual, First Edition, American Water Works Association, 2006.

1.3 Acknowledgements

The study team wishes to thank the following people for their cooperation and assistance

in completing the water use efficiency study.

I Drorm& Hnighttrd. CONSULTINC ENGINEERS Page 1-3 213.26 02006 City of Powell River Mr. Don McKinnon, P.Eng., Director of Engineering and

Development Services

Mr. Richard Stogre, A.Sc.T., Manager Operational Services

Mr. Shawn Cator, A.Sc. T., Engineering Technician Mr. Frank D'Angio, Engineering Technician Ms. Tricia Greenwood, Engineering Secretary

I llafton&llnlghtltd. CONSULTINC ENGINEERS

213.26 @2006 reffi (.o;rsi l'h.: Felrl on the Sunshrne

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

2.0 WATER SYSTEM

2.1 Existing Water System

The City has two independent water supply and distribution systems. The Powell Lake

system supplies water to Wildwood serving a population of approximately 1,300 people.

The Haslam Lake system supplies water to Cranberry Lake, Townsite, and Westview,

serving a population of approximately 12,000 people. A third source, West Lake, has

been utilized in the past, but it is currently not in use due to the poor condition of the

connecting wood stave main, and to past issues related to water quality.

The City water system consists of the following components:

r) Sources

a. Haslam (supply to Westview, Townsite and Cranberry Lake areas); b. Powell Lake (supply to Wildwood area); and c. West Lake (currently not in service).

II) Treatment a. Haslam(chlorination); b. Powell Lake (chlorination); and c. West Lake (none).

m)

'l llilbn& llnightltd. iCONSULTING ENGINEERS Page2-1 2',t3.26@2006 Pump Stations a. Powell Lake Intake; and b. Wildwood ZoneTA Booster Station.

IV) Weirs a. Haslam Lake /Lans Creek weir. v) Intakes a. Haslam Lake (gravity); b. Powell Lake (pump inlet); and c. West Lake (not in service).

VD Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV's) a. Alberni andPlaza; b. Alberni and Fernwood; c. Aspen and Lombardy; d. Complex Road Right-of-Way; e. Cranberry Street and Dogwood; f. Duncan and Works Yard; g. Duncan and Joyce; h. Harvie and Ann; i. Joyce and Thunder Bay; j. Joyce and Burnaby; k. Joyce and Complex; l. Kemano and Ontario: m. Marine and Alberni; n. Mowat and Cranberry; o. Nootka and Gordon Lane; p. Ontario and Hydro Righrof-Way; q. Penticton and Joyce; r. Penticton and Manson;

Dqtton & llnlght Ud. CONSULTINC ENGINEERS Page2-2 213.26 @2006 s. Thunder Bay and Cariboo; t. Timberlane; u. Westview and Algerine; and v. Westview and Scotia.

VII) Reservoirs a. Duncan Street (Welded Steel - abandoned); and b. Wildwood Tank (Welded Steel - in service).

VIID Distribution System

Pipe material includes asbestos cement, ductile iron, PVC and reinforced concrete

pressure pipe. Pipe lengths and diameters are summarized in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2.1 SUMMARY OF WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING Diameter (mm) Lensth (m) 50 425 100 15.850 t50 66,360 200 27,760 250 3,990 300 I1.830 350 3.955 400 2,005 450 6,280 600 2,090 900 190

There are presently an estimated 4,996 service connections on the system. A breakdown

of the number of service connections and users are provided onTable 2-2.

tlqton&llnlghtLld. n to"tuLTrNG ENGTNEERS lft Page 2-3 213.26 @2006 TABLE 2.2 SUMMARY OF SERVICE CONNECTIONS Number of Number of Land Use Existing Connections Water Meters

ICIU 460 0b

Residential 4s36 0

Total 4996 0

a o Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Th.." are few water meters installed but none of them are used currentlv.

2.2 Design of Water Systems

It is important to consider the function of each component of the water system, the design

requirements, and the ability to expand the components in stages as the demand for water

increases.

Water treatment plant (and/or disinfection facilities) construction proceeds in stages or

modules, being expanded as required. Design is based on the maximum day demand and is

largely related to volume, with minor portions being fixed costs (e.g. the administration

building) and some related to fire protection or maximum hour.

Transmission Watermains are usually designed and installed to be adequate for long

periods into the future, but may be duplicated as growth to the system occurs. Their design

will be related to maximum day flows, maximum hour flows, future growth and fire protection.

Storage for treated water is usually installed at one or more points on the distribution

system using either elevated tanks or ground level reservoirs. They are designed to even

out the flow during the day and provide a reserve for fire fighting purposes or in case of

system operating problems. Storage reservoirs can be expanded in stages as required. The

City currently has one reseryoir with 513,000 L of storage capacity.

I Drobnf ilnbhtlld. iCON5ULTING €NGINEERS i 213.26@2006 Distribution mains are sized for the ultimate anticipated development of an area and are

rarely duplicated. They are designed for the maximum hour demand and fire protection

requirements.

Service connections are installed between the distribution main and the property line to

serve the anticipated instantaneous demand.

Meters are normally provided at the expense of the customer and then are maintained and

calibrated by the utility. They have a major role in rate structures as, in addition to

measuring monthly flows, the size of the meter is used by the rate setter as a means of

arriving at the peak demand a customer can place on the system capacity.

Hydrants are solely related to fire fighting requirements (but may be used by the utility for

flushing purposes), with the maintenance and renewal of hydrants carried out by the utility.

The City has 645 fire hydrants.

2.3 Population

The total recorded population in previous census from statistics Canada and the estimated

population based on BC Stat growth rates are presented in Table 2-3. As shown, the 2005 population was about 13,250 people.

I Dryton& llnightlld. lCONSULTING ENCINEERS Page 2-5 213.26 02006 TABLE 2.3 POPULATION ESTIMATES AND CENSUS Year Estimated Ponulation 1996 J l3 lu r997 3.393" 1998 3,254 t999 3. I 86' 2000 3.081' 2001 2,983u 2002 2-911" 2003 3.021" 2004 3.142" 2005 3.252"

a British Columbia Municipal and Regional District 2001 Census Results - Prepared by B.C. Stats. b B.C. Regional District and Municipal Population Estimates, 1996 - 2005 - Prepared by B.C- Stats

2.4 Water Demand

2.4.1 Historical WaterConsumption

The City records water consumption through meter readings. The Table 2-4 summarizes

the City's total annual water use from 1995 to 2005.

TABLE 2-4 HISTORICAL WATER CONSUMPTION Peak Day Average Dgy Maximum Day Annual Water Year Factor Demand (m'ld) Demand (m'/d) Demand (m3) (MDD/ADD) 1995 9,770 27.990 3.52r.69s 2.86 t996 10.450 25.840 3.788.820 2.47 1997 I 1.150 25.580 3.98s.3s9 2.29 t998 r1.320 26,520 4,017,498 2.34 r999 9,850 22,890 3.598.380 2.32 2000 10,360 23.420 3,763,308 2.26 2001 10.020 2s.320 3.630.911 2.53 2002 10.890 26.090 3.969.434 2.39 2003 10.710 28,850 3,940,377 2.69 2004 tt.470 28,860 4,173,972 2.52 2005 9,918 21,727 3.604.260 2.19

i Dagtonf ffnEhtlld. CONSULTING INGINEERS Page 2€ 213.26 02006 The total annual water demand has increased from 3,521,695 m3 in 1995 to 4,173,972 m3 in2004. The maximum day demand has decreased in 2005 resulting in a decrease in the ratio of maximum day demand to average day demand. The decrease can be attributed to the implementation of the water conservation program.

The recorded weekly water demand profile for the period January, 2000 to December,

2005 is shown on Figure 2-1. The annual water demand profile includes a fairly constant average demand from September to April of about 8,380 m'/d larrerage over 2000 to 2005). In the period May to August there is a gradual increase from 8,380 m3/d up to an average of 14,906 m'/d laverage over 2000 to 2005).

tlqbn& finightltd. CONSULTING €NCINEERS Page2-7 213.26@,2006 ,&' Weekly Flow 1m3/d) 'o "o IA: OO O l iF7E EB i!' :lt o* 6-Jul-00 ;Eeg 6-Sep-00 6-Nov-00 FI;= 6ETh 6-Jan-01 6-Mar-01

6-May-01

6-Jul-01 |al! c 6-Sep-01 ; 6-Nov-01 NI

I 6-Jan-O2 F 6-Mar-02 o F 6-May-02 : .o !l 6-Jul-02 + GIo s N o @ o o 6-Nov-02 q, 6-Jan-03 G| a. ! 6-Mar-03 +a 6-May-03 o 6-Jul-03 oN a 6-Sep-03 s 6-Nov-03 N os 6-Jan-04 ctl 6-Mar-04

6-May-04

6-Jul-04

6-Sep-04

6-Nov-04

6-Jar-05

6-Mar-05

6-May-05

6-Jul-05 N c, 6-Sep-05 is ol 6) 6-Nov-05 N co o) The City's water demand profile for each year (2000 to 2005) from the beginning of January to the end of December in presented separately in Appendix C. The daily air

temperature and precipitation profiles for the years of 2000 to 2005 are presented in

Appendix D and the water consumption data is provided in Appendix E. It is clear that

the increase in water demand during the summer months is, to a large extent, related to increases in the air temperature. As the air temperature increases, the water demand

increases and conversely as the air temperature decreases, the water demand decreases.

The water demand also decreases during precipitation events.

2.4.2 Summarv

A summary of the City system-wide demands for the period 2000 to 2005 are provided in

Table 2-5. The average annual demand is about 10,550 m3/d and the peak day demand is

about25,710 m3/d.

TABLE 2.5 SUMMARY OF CITY WATER DEMANDS Maximum Average Annual Peak Day Peak Peak Month Year Annual Demand m3 Demand Month Demand m3 Demand m3/d ^3ld 2000 3,763,309 23,420 10,360 Aug 590,076

2001 3,630,911 25,320 10,020 July 476.868

2002 3,969,434 26,090 10,890 Aug 665,991

2003 3,940,377 28,850 10,710 July 674,287

2004 3,762,570 28,960 11,470 Aug 599,567 2005 3,266,460 21,730 9,920 Aug 612,415

Average 3,722,190 25,710 10,550

Dqton& lInighttlril. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 2-9 213.26 @2006 2.5 Distribution of Annual Water Demand

The total water demand metered at the source includes indoor use, outdoor use and

system leakage. This section provides an estimate of the location of the total annual

water demand.

Indoor Use

Indoor use refers to any water used in the home, business, or institution and includes

toilets, bathing and cooking. In a recent report entitled "Residential End Uses of Water", by American Water Works Research Foundation (AWWARF), the breakdown of indoor

water use includes about 26 percent for toilet flushing, 17 percent for showering,2l

percent for washing machine, 16 percent for faucets, and the remainder for baths, dishwashers and toilet leakase.

Figure 2-l shows that the typical District water demand from September to the end of

April over the years of 2000 to 2005 was about 8,380 m3/d and it is a reflection of the

indoor water use and any leakage from the distribution system pipes and service connections.

The typical distribution of indoor water use is illustrated on Figure 2-2 and tabulated in Table2-6.

Ihgton&llnightllrL CONSULTING ENGINECiS Page 2-10 213.26o.2006 Indoor Water Usage (%)

Other Domestic Clothes Domestic Leakage Washer 2o/o 14o/o 21o/o

Toiletq 260/o

Baths Shower 2o/o 17o/o

Figure 2-2 - Distribution of lndoor Water Use

TABLE 2.6 INSIDE WATER USAGE IN A TYPICAL HOME Water Usase L/cld) Toilets 70 Domestic Leakase 36 Baths 5 Faucets 4l Dishwashers 4 Clothes Washers 57 Showers 44 Other Domestic 6 Total 263

Using the AWWARF findings, the estimated City's daily water use by indoor devices is shown inTable2-7.

Dqlton&llnightLtd. tr to"tuLTtNG ENGINEERs' lK Page2-'11 213.26@,2006 TABLE 2.7 ESTIMATED CITY DAILY INDOOR WATER USE BY INDOOR DEVICES AWWARF Breakdown of Demand in m'ld Indoor Water Uses (%) Household Plumbing Leakage t4 1,173 (toilets. taps) Toilets 26 2.179 Baths 2 168 Shower t7 1,425 Faucet t6 1,341 Dishwasher 2 168 Clothes Washer 2l 1.760 Other Domestic 2 168 TOTAL 100 8,380

Outdoor Use

The magnitude of outdoor use is very weather dependent and will vary from year to year.

The principal factors include hours of sunshine, amount of precipitation and air temperature. It can also include institutional barriers such as sprinkling restrictions and the level of enforcement of the restrictions.

During the summer months, the usage of water increases primarily because of irrigation for lawns, gardens and playing fields. The peak day demand is the highest 24 hour water demand in a year. The demand profile for the years 2000 to 2005 as illustrated on Figure

2-l shows average outdoor use of 8,000 m3ld during the summer months (see Table 2-8).

The average monthly demands from 2000 to 2005 are illustrated on Figure 2-3.

llrobn& finight l"trL CONSULTINC ENGINEERS Page2-12 213.26 02006 ;;;, I |

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000 I I

300,000

200,000

100,000

0 Jan Feb Mar Aprl Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Month

t 8 2000 12001 82002 n2003 a2004 @ 2005

Figure 2-3 - City of Powell River Total Monthly Consumption

I Daubn& finillrtltril. ;CONSULTINO ENGINEERS

Page 2-13 213.26 @2006 System Leakage

The City's water distribution system is comprised of hundreds of meters of pipe,

individual service connections and appurtenances such as reservoirs, fire hydrants, and

isolation valves. The entire system is under pressure, and leaks are inevitable. The most accurate way to gauge the overall system leakage requires universal metering of all

service connections. In the absence of universal metering, an estimate of the overall

system leakage can be made by reviewing the flow from the reservoir into the system

between midnight and 4:00 a.m. (reservoir drawdown test) during periods of the year

when there is minimal outdoor water use. There has been no drawndown test undertaken

for the City of Powell River. So, there is a need to assume a reasonable leakage rate for the City of Powell River comparable to other Cities. For example monitoring of the

reservoir drawdown for the District of Houston in September 2000 showed a low flow of

about7.4 L/s which is about 30% of the District's typical average daily demand in

September. The typical leakage in unmetered municipal systems is between l0%oto 40%o

of the water demand. For the purposes of this study, 20%o of the total annual water

demand was considered to be a reasonable initial assessment of the system leakage. It is

however recommended that a leak detection program be undertaken to better quantify the extent of leakage (refer Section4.1.4).

2.5.1 Annual Demand

This section provides an estimate of the distribution of the total demand between indoor

use, system leakage and outdoor use. As described earlier for the purpose of this estimate

the total annual leakage is assumed tobe20%o of the total annual demand. The indoor

use is assumed to be the average of the water demand from the month of September to April each year.

The magnitude of the water demand and the proportion to indoor, outdoor and leakage

will vary from year to year depending to a great extent on the weather. It is likely that any water leaking from the pipes and service connections will be fairly constant.

llqhn& llnlghtLtil, CONSULTING ENGINE€RS Page 2-14 213.26@2006 2.5.2 Distribution Durinq Summer Demand

For the purpose of this report the summer demand is considered to be from June to

August. This is a critical period for the City.

The water demand during the summer months increases due to mainly outdoor irrigation.

There are a number of small industries in the City that contribute to the increased summer

demand. The industries that operate during the summer months are one prawn processing

unit, Cranberry Lake nursery, Springtime nursery and Willingdon Beach water park. The

prawn processing unit operates during the peak prawn season (May to June), which

causes peaks in the water demand during the month of May.

In this three month summer period the percentage of total water demand going to indoor

use decreases as the outdoor use increases. Table 2-8 illustrates the percentage ofthe

summer use that goes to indoor, outdoor and system leakage.

TABLE 2.8 ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF WATER USE DURING SUMMER MONTHS NE TO Average Daily Outdoor Summer Indoor Demand Leakage Year Demand Demand 1m3lo; 1m3lo; (m3ld) 1m3/a; 2000 15"832 6,425 (40Yo) 2,070 (l3%o) 7,336 (46yo\ 2001 14.194 6.430 (45%\ 2.00s fi4%) 5"758 &0%\ 2002 17.483 6.rs0 Gs%) 2.175 fi2%\ 9.154 (52%\ 2003 17.92s 6,500 (36Yo) 2.140 (r2%) 9.283 (52%\

2004 1 8.1 93 5,920 (33Yo) 2,300 (l3Yo) 9.983 (ss%) 2005 14.321 6,r8s (43%) 1"980 (r4%\ 6,152 (43Yo) Averase 16.32s 6,270 (390h) 2.110 fl30h\ 7.945 USVol

The peak day demand is important when sizing facilities. The capacity of the system must exceed the peak day demand. The difficulty is that number of days the peak

demands occurs is relatively small over a year and the system is operating at much less

than capacity for the remainder of the year.

llaglon & llnighil.td. CONSULTlNG ENCINEERS Page 2-'15 213.260,2006 2.5.3 Unit Water Demand

Unit water demand is determined by dividing the total volume of water leaving the source

by the service area population. Average unit demand indicates the average water used

per capita over the year. Peak day unit demand is the unit demand on the day with the

highest 24-hour demand during the year. The equivalent per capita demands are presented in Table 2-9.

TABLE 2.9 PER CAPITA DEMANDS Equivalent Connected Average Average Population Total Max Day Max Day Population Day Day Year for Equivalent Demand Demand (100% of Demand Demand Commercial Population (Ltctd) population) (mla) (Ltctd) 1m3la1 Useb 1996 13,131" 3,300 16,431 10,450 636 25,840 1,573 1997 t3,393 3,300 16,623 I 1,150 668 25,580 1,532 1998 13,254 3,300 16,554 11,320 684 26,520 1,602

r999 13,186 3,300 16,486 9,850 597 22,890 1

2000 13,081 3,300 16,381 10,360 632 23,420 1,430"388 2001 12,gg3" 3,300 16,283 10,020 615 25,320 I,555

2002 12,991 3,300 16,291 10,890 668 26,090 1,601 2003 13,021 3,300 16,321 10,710 656 28,850 1,768 2004 13,142 3,300 16,442 11,470 698 28,860 1,755 2005 13,252 3,300 16,552 9,918 s99 21,727 1,313 Avg 645 r,552

Actual population based on census -Stat. Canada. Water Network Model Upgrade, Corporation of the District of Powell River, Dayton & Knight Ltd., 2005.

Unit water demands vary throughout the Province depending on a number of parameters

such as age of infrastructure, climate, and industry and so on. A summary of the peak day

and average day water demands for a number of B.C. municipalities from 2000 through to 2005 are summarized in Table 2-10.

icoNsuLTlNG tN(:tNEERs Page 2-16 213.26@2006 TABLE 2.10 COMPARISON OF UNIT WATER DEMAND FOR DIFFERENT MUNICIPALITIES

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Municipality Avg. Peak Avg. Peak Avg. Peak AVg. Peak Avg. Peak Avg. Peak

u Houston 650 r,230 665 1 tll I t) 685 I,330 640 1,265 665 1.295

b . I elKwa 483 767 493 I 093 4t6 1054 JJ) I ^.-a i4\ 391 N/A 612 t 3gu

Port Edwardc 458 951 502 908 665 973

Salmon Armd 641 I 601 705 1729

Vancouver' 616 800 600 769 638 860 630 898 bl) 839

Bumaby" J95 766 587 838 574 )E) 991 594 949

LOqUrUam 497 502 457 )zJ 480 752 503 t 03l 497 703

New Westminstere 505 700 578 817 549 721 494 720 437 807

Richmonde 624 885 650 1,010 640 934 631 991 05z 950

North Vancouver 554 881 539 840 523 809 483 874 45'l 581 L lty

' District of Houston Water System Study, Dayton and Knight Ltd. (June 2006) n Village of Telkwa Water System Study, Dayton and Knight Ltd. (June 2006) " District of Port Edward Water Use Efficiency Study, Dayton & Knight Ltd. (2003) o District of Salmon Arm Water Use Efficiency Study, Dayton & Knight Ltd. (2002) " GWVD 2004 Water Consumption Statistics Report (April 2005)

In a comparison with other British Columbia municipalities the City's average annual day

unit water demands are moderate with the peak day being moderate to high.

2.6 Water Utility Budget

The City's water utility revenue, operational expenditures, and capital expenditures are

listed in Table 2-l 1. The revenue includes a flat rate for unmetered connections. The

Bylaw No. 2068 established the rates for unmetered connections in the City of Powell

River (Appendix B). In summary, the single-family flat rate per year is $ I 71 .50. This

includes single family dwellings, apartments, suites, mobile homes and public buildings.

By comparison, a single family home with four people using the City's average daily

water demand of 645Lpcpd would consume 928.8 m3 (204,300gallons) in a year. The

Droton & llnight lrd. n .o*tuLTrNG ENGINEERS dK Page2-17 213.26 @2006 unit cost of water production for 2005 was $0.30/m'. The unit cost of water was derived by taking into account both the operational expenditure and capital expenditures. Based

on the cost of water production of $0.30/m3, a single family with four people uses

$278.64 worth of water each year. A single family with three people would use 696.6 m3 (153,230 gallons) of water or $208.98 worth of water each year.

The unit cost of water production (i.e. $0.30/m3) includes fixed and variable components.

Based on information supplied by the City, the variable cost was estimated at $0.033/m3 this includes power for pumping, chemicalso and utilities.

2.7 Potential Cost Saving to Capital Program

Recommendations for future capital improvements to the City of Powell River water

supply system include improvements in the supply system, water treatment, and distribution system (Corporation of District of Powell River Long Term Water Supply,

Dayton & Knight Ltd., 2005). The recommended improvements in the supply system

include construction of a reservoir downstream of Haslam Lake, interconnection of the

Haslam Lake and Powell Lake distribution systems, and improvements to the Hammil

Lake intake and water supply main. The water treatment upgrading recommendations include the installation of UV equipment for disinfection. The recommended

improvements are dependent on the peak demand and fire flow requirement, and on water

quality requirements. The water use efficiency program will have an insignificant impact

on peak demand fire flow requirement. The water treatment requirement is also

relatively independent of water use efficiency; the smaller water treatment equipment dictated by reduced water demand can save some money, but that amount is relatively insignificant with respect to the amount of money spent on installing the equipment.

Therefore implementing the water use efficiency program would have a minimum impact

on deferring the recommended capital expenditures for the water supply system improvements.

I DUbn & llnight lld. CONSULTING fNGINEERS Page 2-18 213.26 02006 TABLE 2.11 WATER OPERATING AND WATER CAPITAL FUNDS 2OO5 TO 2OOO 2002 2003 2004 2005 Item Amount Budget Amount Budset Amount Budget Amount Budeet Revenue Water-Provincial Grants 10,000.00 Commercial 223.938.66 195.643.85 185,377.54 I 94.1 89.3 I

Connection Fees 500.00 I . 100.00 4,500.00 r1.864.12 Penalties 3.7 t2.55 3"051.03 2,747.38 2.257.30 Residential Water 927.601.66 955,452.62 981,128.75 1.007.685.65 Municipal Water Charses 33.571.82 34.809.00 34.510.91 Hvdrant Rental 45,000.00 23.000.00 Debt Reserve Fund Earnins 3s.267.30 Works & Services t4,314.32

Total Water Revenue r.200.752.87 r.21r.8r9.32 r.208.562.67 rJr0.088.9t Operational Exoenditu res General Administration - Water 229.002.67 204.122.00 255.199.58 228,956.00 232.762.47 261"187.00 259.263.11 254.774.00

WW Yard maintenance - Water 3.986.08 5.427.00 3.892.53 5.5 5 8.00 4,374.36 4,828.00 1.645.17 5.975.00 Residential/Commercial Water Services t0.978.77 r6.035.00 7.t29.64 12,746.00 10,146.34 9.256.00 29.506.85 l0.827.00 Rieht of Wav Mowine 0 2.500.00 0 2,461.00 0 2.46t.00 5.I 00.00 3.000.00 Utilitv 34.057.72 34.205.00 28.311.54 36,500.00 44.694.14 25.600.00 33"687.78 36.600.00 Chlorine 22,737.34 22,314.00 10.446.28 23.139.00 29.881 .35 27 ^416.00 32.030.l0 41,681.32 Hydrant Maintenance 22,657.07 30,291 .00 2t.921.77 26.322.00 23.843.66 35.622.00 25,423.29 63,147.00 Flushine and Renair l 18,601.58 t20.768.00 128"191.64 118.192.00 192.301.48 l2 1.6 I 8.00 173.906.71 r29.996.00 Service calls 37,804.57 37.980.00 25.847.81 3 r.822.00 38,539. I 5 33,894.00 28,025.13 34.037.00

Pressure reduction 9,426.78 9.433.00 7.435.97 10.652.00 7.t59.79 9,876.00 6,020.23 r 0.329.00 lntake 27.844.28 35.871.00 28"964.r3 27.671.00 22,864.38 33,580.00 39"294.8s 39.593.00 Powell Lake Booster Station r 5.899.70 15.742.00 22.701.58 13,288.00 25,212.25 15.350.00 22.310.59 16.472.00 Powell Lake Pump Station 12.8't9.82 6.76s.00 7,756.66 30,839.00 t 0,085.20 32.064.00 13.524.20 32.240.00 Miscellaneous 7.336.06 8.891 .00 7,683.53 10,992.00 6.4r 5.50 9.899.00 I 10.138.89 372.747.36 Water Study Provincial Standards 39.340.69 50.000.00 Prep of On-Site Septic Svstem Cost. Bvlaw 0 2.260.00 Total Operating Cost 553"152.44 550.344.00 555.482.66 579.138.00 648.280.07 622,651.00 819.2t7.59 r.r03.678.68 Total Capital Expenditure 136.229.7r 62r.086.00 533.312.92 648.002.00 257.968.28 419.007.84 141.165.92 443.627.68 2.8 Existing Water Use Efficiency Program

The City of Powell River Bylaw No. 2068 (Appendix B) is a bylaw to regulate the

extension of connections to the water works of the municipality, and to impose

connection fees and user rates for use of said water works.

In regards to water use efficiency, the following components of the bylaw are relevant:

a) All applications for the installation of a service connection shall be made at the

Engineer's office by the Owner or his authorized agent as set out in Schedule "A"; b) All applications for installation of water connections shall pay the required sum in

Schedule "C";

c) The general annual rates or charges as set out in Schedule "B" are to be paid annually;

d) The District reserves the right to shut off water to any Premises without notice; and

e) All Consumers shall restrict sprinkling of lawn, trees, shrubs and gardens as outlined in Section 19 and20.

Dagton& llnightltd. CON5ULTING INGINEERS Page2-20 213.26o.2006 ftwePR**' I h.: ftlri on the Sunshinc C.oasi

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

3.0 WASTEWATER SYSTEM

A reduction of water usage can result in decreased sanitary sewer flows and a corresponding reduction in wastewater treatment rates, necessary treatment capacity and operations and maintenance costs. This section reviews the affects of water use efficiency on the City's wastewater treatment system (WWTS). With water use efficiency there are opportunities to reduce the use of water, principally from indoor use that ultimately flows to the wastewater system. This impacts the hydraulic capacity of various treatment processes, typically extending their life expectancy.

The City is serviced by three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs):

1. Townsite WWTP; 2. Westview WWTP; and 3. Wildwood Lagoon.

3.1 Design of Wastewater System

Service connections, both on private and public property, are installed to serve the

anticipated maximum instantaneous flow and are usually paid for by the customer.

Local sewersare installed to meet the ultimate requirement of the area when fully

developed. Their design is based on maximum hour flows. They are typically paid for by

the developer of the area, or charged as a local improvement by some municipalities.

Dagton&finightltd. CONSULIINC ENGINEERS Page 3-1 [email protected] Trunk sewers are designed and installed to meet the ultimate flow from a catchment area,

including future development. The total cost of a trunk sewer is divided between the

several tributary areas within the total catchment area.

Pumping stations are designed to handle the maximum anticipated flow from the tributary

area, although all the pumps may not be initially installed.

Wastewater treatment plants are designed based on both hydraulic load (flow rate) and

organic mass load. Unit processes where design is normally governed by organic load

include secondary @iological) treatment reactors, and solids handling and treatment processes. Unit processes where design is normally governed by flow rate include influent

screens, girt removal, primary and secondary settling tanks and disinfection.

Eftluent disposal, whether to a water course or to land, may be built in stages. These

facilities are sized to accommodate peak flows, and their design may incorporate features

that reduce the environmental impact on the receiving stream or water body.

Solids disposal can similarly be built in stages and is dependent on contaminant mass load

and the degree of treatment provided.

3,2 Affect on Wastewater Flows

Wastewater flows consist of a base sanitary flow that varies diurnally with indoor water

use, and infiltration and inflow of stormwater to be wastewater collection system during

precipitation events.

3.2.1

Drobnl llnlghtltd. CONSULTINC INGINEERS Page 3-2 213.26 @2006 Base Flows

The base sanitary flow contribution is grey water from household appliances

(dishwashers, washing machines, sinks, showers), sanitary toilet flows and industrial

flows. The base flows fluctuate daily with water usage and peaks occur in the morning (6

a.m. to 10 a.m.) and evening (5 p.m.to 8 p.m.).

Water use efficiency measures such as ultra low flow (6 Liflush) toilets, leak reduction, low flow faucets, shower heads and meterine will all contribute to the reduction of

sanitary base flows.

3.2.2 Infiltration and Inflow (l&l)

Infiltration and inflow (I&I) includes inflow due to rainfall plus groundwater infiltration.

I&I can vary significantly due to antecedent weather, soil moisture, groundwater levels, and duration and intensity of storm events. Groundwater infiltration enters the sanitary

sewer collection system through poor pipe joints and manholes.

Water use efficiency measures will decrease the base sanitary flow, but will not affect the I&I component of sanitary flows.

3.2.3 Comparison of Wastewater Flows with Water Demands

The District's water demands were compared to the wastewater flows measured at the

treatment plants to determine if reductions in water usage would result in a significant

reduction in wastewater flows. The annual water demands and wastewater flows for

2000 to 2005 were used.

The influent flows from Westview WWTP, Townsite WWTP and Wildwood Lagoon are

summarized in Table 3-1.

D413on& llnightltd. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 3-3 213.26 02006 TABLE 3-1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT INFLUENT FLOWS Year Annual Flow (m') Averase Dailv Flow (m'/d) 2000 3,182,116 8,694 200r 3.226.872 8.887 2002 3.072.636 8.418 2003 3.262.268 8.938 2004 3.323.3 r0 9,080 200s 3.208.0s4 8,789

Table 3-2 illustrates the differences in sewase flows and water demands.

TABLE 3.2 WATER DEMAND AND WASTEWATER FLOW COMPARISON Average Equivalent Water Demand Wastewater Flows Annual TotalDemand (m'ld) Indoor Demand (m'/d) Total Flow (m3ld) 2000 10,360 8.496 8.694 2001 10.020 8.436 8.887 2002 10.890 8.329 8.418 2003 10.71 0 8,642 8,938 2004 11,470 8,210 9,080 200s 9"918 8.r69 8.789 Averaee 10.550 8.380 8.800

The average wastewater flows are about 83% of total water demand. The flow to the

wastewater system is more than the indoor water demand, which suggests that the sewer system is subject to excessive I&I.

3.3 Potential Wastewater Treatment Gost Savings

The potential cost savings from the reduced water usage and corresponding wastewater

flows are from a reduction in capital costs for plant expansion and in O&M cost at the wastewater treatment plants.

3.3.1

Drybn& lfnig[tLtrL CONSULTINC ENGINEERS Page 34 213.26 @2006 CapitalCosts

Water conservation measures can defer some of aspects of future expansion of a WWTP.

With a decrease in wastewater flows due to water efficiency efforts, the hydraulic load on

the wastewater treatment plant would be reduced, but the solids and organic mass loading

to the plant would remain unchanged.

A reduction in hydraulic loading to the WWTPs may allow deferring of luture expansion

of unit processes such as bar screens, primary sedimentation tanks, secondary

sedimentation tanks, and effluent filters. The potential cost savings are dependent on the

type of unit process, the nature of the WWTP expansion, and the timing of the expansion.

The cost savings associated with water use efficiency are typically relatively small for

secondary or tertiary treatment plants, since the design of biological liquid treatment

processes as well as solids treatment and handling processes is governed by the mass load

of solids and organic material, and not by flow rate. As an example, an analysis

conducted for the City of Salmon Arm showed that a28%o reduction in wastewater flow

rates could result in a saving of about 4%o of the capital cost of a future $7 million expansion to the wastewater treatment plant by deferring upgrade needs for hydraulic

processes. Reductions in wastewater flows resulting from water use efficiency are likely

to be only about lUYo; this would reduce the saving at Salmon Arm to a relatively insignificant amount.

3.3.2 Operation and Maintenance Costs

The O&M costs consist of fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs include labour and

administration. Variable costs are flow related such as influent and recycle pumping and chemical addition.

Reductions in water use that result in reduced wastewater flows can have the effect of

reducing the operating costs that are related to plant flow rates. For example an analysis

conducted for the Resort Municipality of Whistler showed that an assumed reduction of

Drobn& llnightltrL ,,& CONSULTING EN(jINEI*S Page 3-s 213.26 @2006 llYo in wastewater flows would reduce the operating costs of the wastewater treatment plant by about3Yo. (Resort Municipality of Whistler 2004 Liquid Waste Management Plan Update, D&K, 2004).

3.4 Summary

Infiltration and inflow would remain unchanged with the implementation of water use efficiency programs.

The water use efficiency efforts would result in a reduction of base sanitary flows to the wastewater treatment plants.

The capital costs to upgrade the WWTPs for the facilities that depend only on

hydraulic load (e.g. screens, settling tanks, pumps) are expected to be delayed when a

water use efficiency program is in place. However, the savings attributable to delay

of capital works for WWTP's typically amount to an insignificant amount compared

to the total capital cost.

A llyo reduction in wastewater flows would provide an estimated 3olo saving in

wastewater treatment operations cost.

i Dauton& llnightLtd. TCON55ULTING €NCINEERS Page 3€ [email protected] ft@ 1h.: P

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

4.0 WATER USE EFFICIENCY INITIATIVES

4.1 Province of BC Initiatives

Water conservation is often perceived to be restrictive and associated with personal

inconvenience and rationing. Water conservation is, however, not only a matter of using

less water through use-limits such as sprinkling regulations, but it requires careful

management of water resources using a wide variety of methods.

Water conservation strategies have been a priority amongst the municipalities of British

Columbia, which is on its way to becoming a water use efficient province. In a recent

survey by the Ministry of Environment of regional districts, municipalities and

improvement districts, 760/o of the 127 respondents had already developed, or were in the

process of creating water use efficiency programs.

Despite these efforts, over lToh of British Columbia surface water sources have reached,

or are nearing, their capacity to reliably supply water. Groundwater levels in some

regions are declining, and over one-third of the aquifers are vulnerable to contamination.

While the water supply situation is not a serious problem for many communities, it is

considered by the Province that the availability of a healthy, sustainable and plentiful water resource can no longer be taken for sranted.

Although British Columbia has an abundance of rivers, streams and lakes, only a small

number of those are available for water supply. Until recently, the perception was that the

Hbn&tlntghtUrL ,.& CONSULTINC ENGINEETS Page 4-1 213.26o.2006 supply of water is unlimited. However, with the increasing growth in population and

economic development, mounting pressure on all of the available water resources has

been noticed. To address this, the British Columbia Water and Waste Association

(BCWWA) along with the Ministry of Environment and Environment Canada formed a

partnership to develop a Water Conservation Strategy for British Columbia (1998).

The goal of the Water Conservation Strategy for British Columbia is to develop and

promote supply and demand-side management measures for application by

municipalities, water purveyors, drawers and users throughout the province, recognizing

regional differences. This strategy provides a common framework for water management

activities and programs throughout the province. The strategy projects water as a valuable

resource, which must be used efficiently, wisely and cost-effectively. Table 4-l demonstrates the impact of various water conservation strategies.

TABLE 4-1 SUMMARY OF WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES Impacts on Water Potential Impacts on Conservation Measure Demands Wastewater Flows Water Savine Devices In-home Reduced Revisions to plumbins and buildinq codes In-home Reduced Public Education In-home Reduced Universal meterins In-home Reduced Leak detection and repair Outside home None Adiustment of water rates In-home Reduced Water use restriction Outside home None Water reuse In-home Reduced Landscaping Outside home None

Ln2004, the BCWWA formed a Water Sustainability Committee. The mission of the

committee was to facilitate more sustainable approaches to water resources at all levels,

from the province to the household, and in all sectors, from domestic, resource, industrial,

commercial, to recreational and ecosystem support uses.

lhJbn& finigillfi|' ll .o*tuLrrNG ENGTNEERS 1f,( Page 4-2 213.26 @2006 The Water Sustainability Committee has now embarked on a partnership with the

Province and other stakeholders to develop and implement a fully integrated Water

Sustainability Action Plan. The Action Plan builds upon a Water Conservation Strategy

for B.C., developed and promoted 1998 through 2001.

The Action Plan recognizes that the greatest impact on land and water resources occurs

through our individual values, choices and behaviour. The goal of the Action Plan is to

influence choices and encourage action by individuals and organizations so that water

resources stewardship will become an integral part of land use and daily living.

4.1.1 Requlatorv Tools

Hard and Soft Conservation Measures

The Ministry of Environment has developed a Water-Use Efficiency Catalogue for B.C.

Both "Hard" Conservation measures and "Soft" Conservation measures govern the initiatives.

Hard Conservation Measures

Hard conservation measures are those which are more demanding or restrictive in their

approach to water use efficiency. Hard measures include legal, economic and financial

tools, as well as operation and management tools. Examples of operation and

management tools are supply and demand studies, cost/benefit analyses, treatment plants,

xeriscaping, metering, backflow and cross connection control programs, low flow fixture

and retrofit programs, and emergency response plans. Each of these are programs that

once initiated must be followed throueh bv all residents.

Da$on & llnight 1t4 il to"tuLTlNG ENGTNEERS {K Page 4-3 213.26 02006 Soft Conservation Measures

Soft conservation measures are less demanding than hard measures. These programs are

initiated more through negotiation, conciliation, voluntarism and teaching. Soft measures

include planning tools, voluntary restrictions, educational and information sharing

initiatives, government "lead by example" initiatives, and partnership and co-operation

initiatives. Examples of these programs are employee education, early detection and

repair of leaks and reduced water pressure in government buildings.

The Province has categorized some tools as necessary for implementing the strategy that

has been developed. The rationale behind this categorization was the response from the

survey of local governments. Of those surveyed, a majority of the respondents stated

capacity constraints and the need to reduce costs as the principal reasons for adopting water conservation measures.

Summarv

There are a wide variety of water use efficiency measures or tools. A range of tools

should be included in any plan or program to complement efforts and address specific

needs. The principle tools that are used are Legal Tools, Economic Tools and Operation

and Management Tools. These three categories are mentioned as "Hard Conservation Measures" in the Water-Use Efficiency Catalogue for British Columbia. Summaries of the hard and soft conservation measures in the surveyed B.C. Municipalities, regional

districts and improvement districts are provided in Appendix F.

4.1.2 Leqal Tools

Mandatory water use restrictions and implementation of bylaws are the two most

commonly identified legal tools. Both Federal and Provincial governments identifu

legislation as an effective means of increasing water use efficiency. Other legal tools

include regulations, standards and licensing.

Dafton & llnight lrd. tr to"tuLT'NG ENGTNEERs lK Page 44 213.260.2006 Mandatory Restrictions

Outdoor usage typically accounts for more then 40Yo of the water consumed during

summer months. It is imperative that the communities control wastage of water.

Restrictions on watering/sprinkling of lawns is an effective way to cut down excess use of water. A typical lawn needs only one inch of water per week, which is about t hour of sprinkling. Various local governments already have lawn-sprinkling restrictions. Fixing

of times and days for even and odd numbered houses is an established method. The City

of Vancouver has lawn watering restrictions from June I to September 30, and watering

is allowed only during 4:00a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. Odd numbered

houses water on Sunday and Thursday, and even numbered houses on Saturday and

Wednesday.

Municipal Bylaws

The waterworks rate and regulation bylaw is a bylaw to fix the rates and terms under

which water may be supplied to and used by inhabitants of a municipality or district.

Building and plumbing bylaws requiring installation of low flush toilets, faucets,

showerhead restrictors and other water saving devices is a policy followed by many municipalities. The Province mandated low flush toilets (13.25 Liflush) in all new houses starting January l, 1996, under the BC Plumbing Code. The proposed change to require ultra low flush toilets (6.0 L/flush) was never implemented. Developmental

bylaws and setting of specifications for construction practices for new properties to be

followed by developers and contractors are other means of saving water.

Standards and Resulations

In 1991, the standard CSA B125, "Plumbing Fittings" recognized conservation type fittings, which limit flow rates to ll.4Llmin for lavatory and kitchen faucets and for showerheads. In order to further promote water conservation, the CSA standard was

DqlSon&llnightLtd. tr to"tulTrNG En*GTNEERS {ft Page 4-5 213.260.2006 again revised in 1995, to limit the maximum flow rate for lavatory and kitchen faucets to 8.3 L/min and showerheads to 9.5 Llmin. The flow rates are summarized inTable 4-2.

TABLE 4.2 MAXIMUM FLOW RATES FOR PLUMBING FITTINGS Proposed B.C. Plumbing Code 1991 B.C. Plumbing 1996 B.C. Plumbing Fitting Requirements 1996 Code Requirements Code Requirements (Ultra Low Flush Fixtures) Lavatory and ll.4Llmin 8.35 L/min 8.35 L/min Kitchen Faucet Showerheads ll.4L/min 9.5 Llmin 9.5 Llmin Toilet 19 to 26 L/flush 13.25 L/flush (6.0 L/flush) Urinal 5.7 L/flush (3.8 L/flush)

4.1.3 Economic Tools

Economic and financial tools include both incentives and disincentives. They may be

used to convey the message that water is valuable and can assist in motivating people to

reduce water use. Increased water service charges also tend to recover costs.

Municipalities applying for infrastructure grants in B.C. may be required to demonstrate

that the proposed project uses water efficiently.

Meterinq Studies and Pilot Proiects

Studies have been completed relating to the financial aspects of metering water usage.

Financial incentives to install water use efficient devices (e.g. low interest forgivable

loans, tax credits, rebates, buy-backs of inefficient devices) help in creating awareness.

Studies relating to pricing structure (including increasing block rate, seasonal rates,

marginal-cost pricing strategies) should be looked into. The Fraser River Action Plan

(FRAP) has contributed towards various plans to analyse economic benefits of water

conservation. In a study with Simon Fraser University, FRAP conserved over 60,000

cubic meters of water in the first year, resulting in cost savings of $29,000 per year. This

Dqtonf finightl"td. CON.sULTING fNCINEERS '-& Page 44 213.26 02006 project entailed conversion of boiler room air compressors to air cooled from water cooled. Similar innovative projects should be encouraged.

Water Rates

Water rates are normally set at a level designed to provide necessary revenue for the utility. A decrease in water revenue due to lower consumption can be balanced by increases in water rates. There are also savings associated with deferment of capital and operations and maintenance costs associated with expansion of water and wastewater facilities. There are several types of rate structures which can be used to encourage water conservation, including those listed below:

o Uniform Commodity Rates: The uniform commodity rate assigns the same unit cost

to all water usage, creating some incentive for conservation. This is the present rate structure in place in most B.C. municipalities.

o Inclining Commodity Rates: An inclining commodity rate increases with water

usage. This rate schedule, particularly when significantly large rate increases are

used, can encourage good conservation practices. This is the present rate structure for

the Cities of Vernon and Nanaimo.

o Seasonal Rates: Seasonal rates rise during peak seasonal periods, particularly in summer. This rate structure is effective for reducing landscape watering during high demand periods.

The concept of price elasticity is used to express the effectiveness of pricing in reducing water use. Price elasticity is defined as the ratio of the relative change in commodity use to the relative change in price. For instance, a price elasticity factor of -0.40 means that a

1004 increase in price would theoretically result in about a 4Yo decrease in water use.

llaUton l llnight Lttr C()NSULTINC ENGINEE*S

Page 4-7 213.260.2006 Typically, outside water use for irrigation is more elastic than inside use, and greater decreases in outside use with increasing rates can be expected.

Commercial and Institutional Water Conservation Measures

Measures that can provide long-term reductions in commercial, public agency, and institutional interior water use include the followins:

installation of retrofit water saving devices and replacement valves on toilets;

periodic adjustment of flush valves on toilets and urinals;

installation of more efficient low water use appliances;

installation of low flow showerheads at gyms, pools, and schools;

monthly audit of water bills to create public awareness and to spot high bills that may indicate leaks or misuse of water;

performance of routine plumbing and fixture inspections to eliminate leaks;

installation of more water efficient clothes washers; recycling of car-wash water;

metering of all public buildings and schools; and

water audits to counsel and encourase use of the above measures.

Commercial water use is relatively inelastic. For a small increase in the price of water within the range for which the concept of price elasticity applies, the likely effect on commercial water demand is minimal. The cost of water is usuallv a relativelv small portion of total operating costs for commercial enterprises.

Education of users is an important tool for reducing water use in commercial establishments and public institutions. The education program should be part of a broader effort that also includes education on source controls.

The water conservation requirements are summarized in Table 4-3.

Dqtbn & finight ltrl, CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 4{ 213.26@2006 TABLE 4-3 WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES Catesorv Measure Descriotion Residential - Indoor l. Retrofit Kits Distribute kits (showerhead, toilet tank displacement device) to homeowners to install. 2. Ultra Low Flush Rebate replacement of old toilets with six Toilet Rebates litre per flush model. 3. New Plumbing Require low flow showerheads and six litre per flush toilets in new construction. Residential - Outdoor 4. Water Audits Perform audit ofirrigation system and provide homeowner with irrigation schedule. by season. Commercial/Industrial 5. Landscape Require water conserving landscape. Controls 6. Process Water Trained water auditors advise businesses of Audits how to reduce water use. Farm/Public/Other 7. Large Landscape Trained water auditor advises owner of Water Audits adjustments to irrigation practices/system to save water. Utility 8. Leak Reduction Active program to locate and fix distribution svstem leaks. All Cateeories 9. Public Education Program to educate customers about wise water use throush various media. 10. School Education Classroom instruction on importance of efficient water use. 11. Universal Meterins Meter on each service connection.

4.1.4 Operations and Manaqement Tools

These tools include structural or physical improvements and installation of water use

efficient devices or processes. Many of these tools may require up-front expenditures.

Metering Programs

An effective water pricing system relies heavily on a metered system. Installing water

meters and billing for a water service based on metered water use provides a strong

initiative for customers to use less water than if they were billed on a flat-rate basis. Water savings resulting from the installation of meters canvary anywhere from 13% to

45olo. Several variables may contribute to the variation, including housing type, lot size,

climate, and season. A typical reduction of 20Yo in water use by metering can be

expected. In areas requiring water for landscape irrigation, savings in the spring and

Drobn& finight ltd. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 4-9 213.26o.2006 summer are usually much greater than in the fall and winter. Sprinkling and related uses

affect the maximum day and peak hour use to a much greater extent than domestic use.

However, water used for sprinkling has little effect on wastewater generation. The City

of Vernon is presently in the midst of developing a water conservation program, which

includes universal metering. It is anticipated that a 20%o to 25Vo reduction in water

demand will translate into a wastewater flow reduction of l0%.

A reduction in water use after meters are installed is typically most substantial during the first year following installation. However, if post-metering water prices were kept low,

there would be little incentive for decreasing water use. Therefore, metering is most

effective in the long term if pricing reform establishes a rate structure which provides the consumer with enough financial incentive to conserve water.

Leak Detection Program

Every water system loses water through leaks and breaks -- in fact, some leakage can be

considered one of the costs of doing business for most water utilities. Even newly

constructed water lines are allowed a certain minimum leakage rate, depending on system

pressure, pipe size, number and kind ofjoints, and type of pipe. Most water systems experience breaks or leaks in watermains, service lines, hydrants, tanks, valves and

appurtenances that occur due to a variety of causes. Aging facilities and deteriorating

system components are part of the growing infrastructure problem faced by most utilities

and municipalities. Losses could be attributable to the following:

r pipeline leaks (leaking joints, broken/cracked pipes);

reservoir leaks and overflows; meter effor or inaccuracy (usually on low flows);

illegal or unrecorded user;

municipal uses such as fire fighting, main flushing, new construction, street washing, sewer flushing, etc.; account error;

Dqlbn & llnig[t Ltr|. ,.:;k CONSULTIN(: INGINECiS Page 4-10 213.26 @2006 service connection leaks (connection to pipeline, pipe, curb and corporation stops);

fitting leaks (fire hydrants, valves, etc.); and

abandoned service connections.

A leak detection and repair program should be considered. Initial steps are to

review leak, break and maintenance data to identify areas of historical pipe

problems, review reservoir overflows, and meter or estimate municipal uses such

as main flushing, streetwashing and fire fighting.

4.1.5 Communication and Education Tools

Communication and Education tools are used to encourage voluntary water conservation

and to support other tools. Communication and education is based on an assumption that

action is influenced bv awareness and understandins.

Public Education

An essential part of any water conservation strategy is a good public education program to make consumers aware of the reasons for water reduction. The goal of the program

should be to develop a conservation ethic among water users, since rate and regulatory incentives have different effects on different consumer groups. The education program

for water conservation should be one facet of a broad education program that includes the issues of source control.

Voluntary commitment by consumers to reducing consumption is critical to achieving

long-term reductions. Facets of the education program should be aimed at specific

groups, such as householders, utilities, teachers, students and industry, to send a clear purpose for water reduction practices.

Public education programs can help consumers to identify common habits that waste

water, such as flushing toilets to dispose of a facial tissue, and running water

DqSon & finlght IJil, CONSUL?ING 'NGINEERS '& Page 4-'l1 213.26 02006 unnecessarily while washing, brushing teeth, shaving, shampooing hair, washing cars, or watering lawns. In-school education is an important component of the program.

Conservation programs require a public involvement process, and must be tailored for specific community needs. A conservation program is more likely to gain acceptance if representatives from local interests, including citizens, have ownership in the effort, by

helping to identiff actions and develop preferred alternatives.

The public must understand why water conservation is important. The costs associated

with the construction of new or expanded water and wastewater facilities should be

compared to the benefits that can be derived from conserving water. Resource materials

are available from a varietv of water industrv associations and utilities.

Avenues for reaching the public include public access television, radio talk shows, public

forums, drop-in sessions, newspaper ads, mailouts, water and sewer bill enclosures, and door-to-door canvassing by volunteer groups.

Rain Barrel Program

The rain barrel program was developed to reduce the use of potable water for garden

irrigation. The rain barrel is typically made of durable plastic, with a closed-lid mosquito screen and overflow valve. The 350 litre half barrel is designed to fit flush against the

side of a house. The barrel is placed under the roof gutter downspout and is filled by

rainwater during precipitation events. The barrel is commonly an attractive forest green

colour, and it is equipped with two faucets to accommodate both a soaker hose

attachment and a spigot watering can.

In 1997, Environment Canada's Action 21 program helped fund a rain barrel program for the Corporation of Delta. Residents participating in the program were later surveyed to evaluate the effectiveness ofthe product, and to assess the potential for program expansion. The results of the survey showed that the $40 purchase price of the barrel was

llq3on & tlnight ltrL CC>NsULTINC f,N(:INEERS Page 4-12 213.26 02006 acceptable to Delta's residents, and that residents would likely be willing to pay more should the program not be funded in the following years. The residents that participated

in subsequent years said that the program was a success, and magazine articles written about the program claimed that rain water was superior to tap water for watering gardens.

The City of Vancouver also designed and manufactured rain barrels for a similar program

for garden irrigation. The City hoped that providing a practical alternative to using

potable water for irrigation and giving residents the ability to take responsible action in

discretionary water use would help to reduce high seasonal consumption.

Xeriscapins

Communities have been faced with increased demands on existing water supplies.

Consequently, there is a greater focus on water conservation, not just in times of

drought, but in anticipation of future population growth. Water can no longer be

considered a limitless resource. A philosophy of conservation of water through

creative landscaping has derived the new term, xeriscape. The goal of xeriscape is to

create a visually attractive landscape that uses plants selected for their water

efficiency. Properly maintained, a xeriscape can require less than one-half the water

of a traditional landscape. Once established, a xeriscape should require less maintenance than turf landscape.

Using native and other drought-tolerant plants can significantly reduce water use,

and it de-emphasizes the use of bluegrass lawns and other thirsty plants.

Xeriscaping can reduce the time spent watering, fertilizing and mowing, and it

can increase the beauty and value of a property. Xeriscaping along with a well

planned and well maintained irrigation system can significantly reduce water use

compared to a traditional landscape, and therefore lower water bills. For the most

efficient use of water, turf areas should be irrigated separately from other

plantings. Other irrigation zones should be designed so that low water use plants receive only the water they require.

Dryfim& llnightltd. ',& CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 4-13 2't3.26o.2006 Proper irrigation choices can also save water. Turf lawns are best watered by sprinklers.

Trees, shrubs, flowers, and groundcovers can be watered efficiently with low volume drip

emitters, sprayers, and bubblers.

4.2 Water Use Efficiency Initiatives for B.G. Municipalities

4.2.1 Citv of Abbotsford

Water is supplied by the AbbotsfordAvlission Water and Sewer Commission to the City of Abbotsford and the District of Mission. The primary source of water is Norrish Creek,

with back-up provided by Cannell Lake and l5 local ground water wells. The back-up

sources are typically used to augment peak water demands during the summer, and in

spring and fall when storms cause Norrish Creek water to be too turbid or muddy to use.

The AbbotsfordAvlission Water and Sewer Commission supplies water through

approximately 80 kilometers of transmission mains between the Nonish supply to various distribution points (reservoirs and booster pump stations). The City of Abbotsford maintains and operates approximately 853 kilometers of water mains, l5 individual

pressure zones, 12 reservoirs, 10 booster pump stations, and eight pressure reducing

stations. There is a small portion of the urban core in Clearbrook (approximately 210 hectares) that is serviced by Clearbrook Waterworks.

Annual lawn and garden sprinkling restrictions are in effect from May I to September 30 for the residents of Abbotsford who are serviced by the City water system. Outdoor lawn

and garden inigation systems such as hose-connected sprinklers and automatic in-ground

sprinklers are regulated by the City. The even numbered addresses are allowed to irrigate

on Wednesday and Saturday from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m., and

the odd numbered addresses on Thursday and Sunday from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. and

7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. The owner of a new lawn (sod, turf or seeded) may obtain a

permit to sprinkle outside the permitted days for a fee of $30.

Dqlffm& tlnightlld. CONSULTINC ENGINEERS Page 4-14 [email protected] 4.2.2 Citv of Camobell River

The City of Campbell River operates three separate water supply systems. The Main

system serves the majority of customers in the City, and it provides bulk water to Area D of the Regional District of Comox Strathcona. The main water system of the City of

Campbell River treats and distributes over 8 million cu. m (2.2 billion imperial gallons) of drinking water to the community every year. The main water distribution system

stretches over l3 km along the foreshore. The distribution system includes penstock

water intakes, 3 active water storage reservoirs, 280 km of watermains, 1,070 hydrants,

and27 pressure reducing valves. The other two water systems are industrial park water

system and airport water system.

The industrial park water system consists of a submerged intake in John Hart Lake,

which feeds the system through John Hart Pump House. Water is stored at the newly

constructed Snowden Road Reservoir. The water supplies the Industrial Park and a small number of residential consumers north of Campbell River.

The Campbell River Airport water distribution system is composed of a reservoir, a pump

house, and a distribution system supplying l3 fire hydrants, airport buildings, and airport

tenant buildings. There are two wells with submersible pumps that supply water to the

reservoir system. The domestic water and the fire water use the same distribution piping

system and supply systems.

As a water conservation measure, the City of Campbell River provides water

conservation programs such as indoor water use reduction tips, outdoor water use

reduction plans, a rain barrel program, sprinkling restrictions, and public education.

The City of Campbell River, in partnership with various neighboring municipalities, is

promoting to residents an affordable rain barrel program for the summer season of

2006. A centimeter of rain falling on an I100 square foot roof area (the average in

I Drolon & llnight l"trl. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 4-15 213.26 @2006 Campbell River) will produce about 1,145 liters of water. Since there are four gutter

outflows on each roof, one rain barrel can collect approximately 258 L from one

centimeter of rain. Campbell River averages 2.3 cm of rain per week in the summer

months (between May I and September 15). This corresponds to a possible savings of up

to 593 L/week. Even a significantly drier week can have a large impact on water savings.

The City regulates (Campbell River Water Rates and Regulations Bylaw No. 2881, 2001)

lawn sprinkling within the municipality between June 1't and September l5th. Even

numbered addresses are allowed to water lawns only on even numbered days, and odd

numbered addresses are allowed to water lawns only on odd numbered days. Lawn

irrigation is allowed before 7:00 a.m. and after 7:00 p.m. Failure to comply with these

restrictions mav result in a S50 fine.

4.2.3 District of Houston

The District of Houston currently operates four water wells with a 500,000 Igal potable

water reservoir. At present water is supplied from Well No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, and New

Well No. l. Well No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 are situated in a shallow unconfined aquifer. The District of Houston services approximately 22 km of potable watermains. All wells

and reservoirs in service are monitored constantly by electric alarm and inspected daily.

As part of the water conservation initiatives, a metering program has been started within

the municipality. Effective January 1,2004 selective businesses installed with water meters are billed according to the amount of water consumed. Effective January 1,2005

trailer and mobile home parks were added to the metering program.

All new construction for business use or multiple family dwellings have to install a water

meter for the property, except where special exemption has been granted by the Director of Public works. Those with exemption will be charged according to the flat rate classification shown in Table 4-4.

Dafton&llnightLtd. n to"tuLTrNc ENcTNEERS lK Page 4-16 213.26 02006 TABLE 4.4 SUMMARY OF FLAT RATE WATER FEES IN THE DISTRICT OF HOUSTON Classification Annual Rate Domestic use - hauled $2s.00 Hotel, motel (per unit) s37.41 Laundromat (oer washer) $74.83 Diagnostic centre (per examining room), clinic, doctor's office $96.21 Single family dwelling, duplex (per unit), town house (per unit), apartment, trailer or mobile home (per pad), church, public buildings and halls, private halls, equipment repairs, schools, staff room, $155.00 industrial plant (less than20 people), unspecified users, lion's senior citizens home (per unit), bakery. meat processing Cafd or restaurant, dining room, lounge, beer parlor, cabaret, garage, service station, car wash, industrial plant (more than 20 people), s24r.59 curling ring, arena, supermarket Truck wash s481.03

All metered accounts are subject to a capacity and a consumption charge for each three

month period. The capacity charge for each three month period is a flat rate fee based on

meter size. For connections up to 3/4 inch (19 mm) charge is $38.00, for I inch (25 mm) the charge is $42.00, for 7-ll2 inch (38 mm) the charge is $62.00, for 2 inch (50 mm) the charge is $82.00, for 3 inch (76 mm) the charge is $l10.00, for 4 inch (100 mm) the charge is $150.00 and for 6 inch (150 mm) the charge is $450.00.

The consumption charges for the District of Houston are summarized in Table 4-5. Additional charges include water connection fees, water service turn on or turn off charge.

TABLE 4.5 SUMMARY OF METERED WATER FEES IN THE DISTRICT OF HOUSTON Cubic Meter Cubic Meter Plus additional charge per m' for any Base Rate (over) (to) volume used in excess of the lower volume 0 25 0 $0.s0 25 50 12.50 $0.48 50 100 24.50 $0.46 r00 200 47.50 s0.44 200 400 91.50 s0.42 400 175.s0 $0.40

llryton & llnight ltd, C()NSULTIN

on even calendar days between the hours of 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. to

10:00 p.m.; and west of Buck Creek is allowed to water on odd calendar days between

the hours of 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.

4.2.4 Citv of Kamloops

South Thompson River is a reliable source of water for the City of Kamloops. The hot

dry summers require 4 to 5 times more water compared to the winter. The main problem during the summer is the cost of power to run the pumps to deliver water. The City of

Kamloops has put into practice water conservation measures such as the Water Smart

program, volunteer water metering program, irrigation restrictions, and xeriscaping to conserve water for the Citv.

The Water Smart Program was introduced to the City of Kamloops to promote the

conservation of water. The program has proven to be effective. Average consumption

during peak summer months has been reduced by as much as2l%o. The Kamloops Water

Smart Program is a provincial leader in the non-metering approach to water use

efficiency. The Water Smart program provides tips to use water wisely indoor and outdoor.

All Commercial and Residential Customers who receive their water supply from the

City's Water System are required to comply with the sprinkling and irrigation regulations

effect from May l't to August 3 I 't. By-law infractions incur a fine of $ I 00 for the first

offence, and $200 for each subsequent offence. Properties with even numbered addresses

are allowed to sprinkle or irrigate only on even numbered days, and properties with odd

numbered addresses are allowed to sprinkle or irrigate only on odd numbered days.

Sprinkling and irrigating are not allowed between the hours of I 1:00 am and 6:00 pm

from May l't through August 3l't. Where a residential complex uses internal addresses

or other identifying numbers, the internal numbers will be used to establish the

Il4;tm& llnightlld. CONSULTING SNGINEERS & Page 4-18 2',t3.26@2006 appropriate watering day. Commercial customers may apply to the Utilities Manager for

a variance to the water restrictions; an appeal of the Utilities Manager's decision may be made to the City Engineer. All outdoor hand use of hoses for other than filling swimming

pools and/or hot tubs must be equipped with a working spring-loaded shut-off nozzle.

Hand watering of plants using a hose with a working spring-loaded shut-off nozzle or a hand-held container is allowed at anv time.

The City of Kamloops is starting a volunteer water metering pilot program for its

residents in2006. To be considered for the program, a resident has to complete a

questionnaire. The qualified residents for the Pilot Program will receive a water meter

installed (no charge to the resident), as well as water conservation tips and water conservation devices. For the first year, the water meter will be read by the City of Kamloops, and the resident will be given the option of paying either the metered rate or

the current flat rate (whichever is lower). For the first year, the resident will also receive a notice that outlines how much water was consumed every month. This information will

help the resident to determine the need to implement water conservation measures or be

more vigilant in water use. The data gathered from the Pilot Program (demographic details and monthly consumption) will provide the City of Kamloops with information to

determine whether a voluntary water meter program should be expanded city-wide in the future.

The City of Kamloops encourages xeriscaping as a means to conserve water.

Xeriscaping emphasizes efficient use of the minimum amount of water required to sustain

an attractive and functional landscape. Water consumption to maintain xeriscaping can be

50Yo or less than the amount needed to maintain a traditional landscape on the same

property. In Kamloops, the City has promoted xeriscaping through the creation of a

xeriscape Demonstration Garden in McArthur Park, and through holding several

xeriscaping seminars.

4.2.5

llqtSon & llnlghil.tril. CONSULTING ENGINEC*S

Page 4-19 213.26 @2006 Citv of Kelowna

The City of Kelowna has five major water districts within the City boundary. The main

raw water source is Okanagan Lake. The City of Kelowna has developed strategies for advancing water management. A water conservation program "Water Smart" designed to

reduce the volume of water used, repair leaky toilets and taps, retrofit existing plumbing

fixtures, reuse gray water, and implement water metering was recommended. The public

education program included a newsletter "The Pipeline", published twice per year, which addresses water conservation issues. In 2006, students will visit every community to offer water conservation advice.

City Council endorsed a plan that challenges all residents of Kelowna to reduce their

water consumption by a minimum of l2o/o by the year 2012. The Water Smart program will work with any individual, business, or institution who wants to take up the challenge.

The easiest way for the water utility to reduce water consumptionby 12o/o is to impose restrictions on irrigation.

The City charges $6 per month as the service charge for the water distribution system.

The consumption rates are $0.25lcu.m for the first 30 cu.m. (0-30 per month), $0.33lcu.m for the next 50 cu.m. (30-80 per month), $0.36lcu.m. for the next 45 cu.m. (80 - 125 per

month), and $0.50/cu.m. for the consumption of in excess of 125 cu.m.

The City of Kelowna is implementing a soil amendment program for 2006, which

includes spreading of Ogogrow or compost as topsoil. The compost helps improve the

soil's ability to maintain moisture, resulting in reductions of water used for inigation by

up to 25%o. This is a cost-shared incentive where the homeowner pays for topdressing of compost, and the Water Smart program provides delivery and spreading.

The City is introducing a new drought tolerant grass seed for homeowners. The new drought tolerant grass has thin blades that transpire less moisture than traditional grass,

Drybn& llnightttd. CONSULTIN(: fNGINEERS Page 4-20 2t3.26o.2006 and a deep root system (8 inch - l0 inch) that holds moisture. The grass is slow growing which means less mowins.

The Water Smart program coordinates school presentations ranging in length from 45

minutes to l% hours. These are interactive presentations, with students taking part in

hands-on experiments with water. The focus is on local water issues and methods of conservation.

4.2.6 City of Prince Georqe

The City of Prince George derives its water supply from ten active wells. There are an

additional two wells that are not in operation, and another one in development. The majority of the City's water supply is obtained from two groundwater collector wells. The ten active wells operated by the City of Prince George distribute water to 21,800 residents and 1681 ICI customers via 520 km of water mains.

In order to ensure a water supply that remains reliable and healthy, and that continues to meet the needs of future community demand, the City of Prince George has implemented

a number of water conservation programs. Current conservation efforts include a rain

barrel program, water metering and volumetric billing, sprinkler restrictions, changes to the plumbing code to make 6L flush toilets mandatory for all new building construction,

a school education program (Wacky Wet Water), and a public education program.

The City of Prince George has a new Water Conservation Program with a team of Wise

Water Workers ready to visit neighborhoods and retail outlets, and to attend public activities and community events. The Wise Water Workers will provide information on Prince George's water system, water conservation tips and will demonstrate water-saving tools.

ltqton & finight Ud. tr to"=uLTlNG ENGTNEERS aK Page 4-2'l 213.26 @2006 The City reviewed all industrial, commercial and institutional (ICD users and in 1996

implemented mandatory retrofitting of meters in businesses. Currently, Sgyo of ICI users

are metered, and the City is working towards 100%o metering.

In the City area north of the Nechako River and west of the Fraser River, no sprinkling is

allowed between 12:00 noon and 12:00 midnight daily. For the properties adjacent to

Cinch Loop, Hartman Road, Cantle Drive, Corral Road and Western Road, and the properties abutting the frontage road north of Highway l6 west from the 8100 block of Highway l6 west to the City's western boundary, no sprinkling is allowed between

8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. daily. [n all other areas of the City, sprinkling is not allowed

between 12:00 noon and 5:00 p.m. daily. Outside these hours even numbered houses are

allowed to sprinkle lawn on even numbered days, and odd numbered houses are allowed

to sprinkle lawns on odd numbered days. The fine for sprinkling violators is $50.00 per day.

The City partnered with School District 57 to provide water conservation education,

including hand on activities and field trips. Since the implementation of "Wacky Wet Water" School programs, over 2,200 people have participated in the program to raise

awareness about drinking water issues. The City of Prince George website highlights water conservation tips.

As a public education program, the City is engaged on distributing of educational

pamphlets and brochures. The City also held water conservation poster competitions during drinking water weeks. The City partnered with University of Northern British Columbia GfNBC) and Recycling and Environmental Action Planning Society (REAPS) to develop the "Sustainable Landscapers" program. The program features education on water efficient landscaping. The City promoted ongoing data collection regarding water use in Prince George through the environmental planning, environmental science, and geography programs at the University of Northern British Columbia.

I Dryton& llnigbiltd. ] CC'NSULTING ENCINE€R5 Page 4-22 213.26 02006 4.2.7 City of Surrey

The drinking water received by Surrey residents is supplied by the Greater Vancouver

Regional District (GVRD) water system. The water is supplied from three watersheds,

Capilano, Seymour and Coquitlam. The GVRD is responsible for acquiring and treating

water, maintaining the supply, ensuring water quality, and delivering water to the

member municipalities. Delivery of the water to consumers within the City of Surrey is the responsibility of the City.

Surrey Waterworks Regulation By-Law, 1969, No. 2932 (as amended) identifies that all

new service connections require water meters. For new connections, the installation of a meter is triggered by an "Application for Building" or "Plumbing Permit". This

requirement for a meter applies to connections to a new or existing service; temporary

service connections; connections that include an underground irrigation system.

For all new connections, the applicant must supply and install all piping, fittings, meter

chamber(s), vault(s), and equipment. The City supplies and installs meters of sizes l9

mm (3/+ inch) and smaller, for single-family and duplex residential construction, and

recovers the cost of the meter from the Developer as set out in the City By-law. In all

other cases, the meter is supplied and installed by the Applicant.

Greater Vancouver has twice-weekly lawn sprinkling regulations in effect from June I't

to September 30th. The even-numbered address, lawn sprinkling is allowed Wednesday

and Saturday, from 4:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.; and the odd-

numbered address, lawn sprinkling is allowed Thursday and Sunday, from 4:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and from 7:00 p.m. to l0:00 p.m.

4.2.8 Summarv

A summary of selected British Columbia communities with universal metering programs is provided in Table 4-6.

@ton & llnight ltd. CONSUL'ING ENCINEfRS Page 4-23 213.26 @2006 TABLE 4.6 SUMMARY OF METERING PROGRAMS Residential City ICI Meters Meter Location Reading System Bill Preparation Meters Electronic / City of Nanaimo 22,853 (no distinction) Outdoor Automatic Manual City of Vemon 18.000 2.000 Indoor Electronic Automatic 80% Indoor / City of Kelowna 15,000 t66 Electronic Manual 20% Outdoor Electronic / City of Penticton 8,068 (no distinction) Indoor Manual Manual Citv of Surrev 27.822 1.521 Outdoor Electronic Automatic Citv of Kamlooos 2s8 t,573 Indoor Manual Automatic City of 21,000 3,000 Outdoor Electronic Automatic Abbottsford 50% Indoor / City of Vancouver 14,000 (no distinction) Electronic Automatic 50% Outdoor

* Over a l0-year period

The informational handouts from some B.C. communities are provided in Appendix G.

4.3 American Water Works Association

Several U.S. states and federal agencies have implemented or are considering implementing water conservation strategies. The American Water Works Association (AWWA), A voluntary North American Organization with 60,000 members, is actively

involved in water conservation. One of the very recent initiatives is the "Waterwiser, The

Water Efficiency Clearinghouse", which is a co-operative project of the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and AWWA. This program is designed to be

the pre-eminent resource for implementing water use efficiency. Waterwiser offers

services where an aftay of information is made available to plan, implement and evaluate

water use efficiency programs. The Internet web address is http://www.waterwiser.org.

The various services available through this service are referrals, annotated bibliographies,

literature searches, information packets and fact sheets.

I DaUbn& llnightlld. lcoNsuLTrNc ENGtNEERS Page 4-24 213.26 02006 The AWWA also encourages other organizations and institutions to practise water conservation.

4.4 Web Sites

Water conservation has been a priority in many communities all over North America.

Educating the public has been an efficient way of making these programs successful.

Information mitigated through web pages is a very easy method to reach communities. A

list of web pages that gives some important pointers towards saving water in our communities is shown inTable 4-7.

Dagton& llnightLtd. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 4-25 213.26 @2006 TABLE 4.7 SUMMARY OF SELECTED WEB PAGES CONCERNED WITH WATER USE EFFICIENCY Organizations: o http://www.waterwiser.org

. http://www.cwra.org r http://www.cciw.ca

. httD://www.cwwa.ca r http://www.env.qov.bc.ca./wsd/

. http://www.cuwcc.org/home.html r http://savinqwater.org/

Initiatives: o http://www.evrd.bc.ca./water/residential-conservation-initiatives.htm r http ://www.ec. gc.calwater/en/manage/effi c/e weff.htm r http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/subjecVhotopics/droughVSavingWater.htm o http://www.santabarbaraca.gov/Government/Departments/PWWCHome.htm o http ://www. ci. fort-collins. co. us/water/conserv. php r http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/html/citizen/utilitv_conservation.htm o http:/ wvw.campbellriver.calcitv services/enqineerins services/water/water conservation.html

Indoor water savings (fixtures): o http ://www.cityofaustin.ors/watercon/ctoi let.htm r http://www.laundrywise.com/

Outdoor water saving tips: e http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/xeriscape.html r http://www.rainbarrelguide.com/

I Dagton&llnightlt0 CONSULTING fNGINEERS Page 4-26 213.26@2006 ftffi l'h.: Perrl on ih.: Sunshine C$asi

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

5.0 POTENTIAL METERING SYSTEM

The City of Powell River has about 5,000 water service connections. This chapter includes a review of metering technology and types of metering (universal, ICI and high use) as well as costs for implementation and operation of a metering program.

5.1 Background

A metering system has several benefits to a municipality. Some of the identified benefits

are as follows:

a) allows the City to charge fairly for water based on consumption;

b) encourages water conservation ; c) reduces water demand and delays capital expenditures on major improvements to the

sewer and water system;

d) allows the City to manage the water system more efficiently;

e) allows the City to account for system leakage; and 0 may reduce variable operation and maintenance costs.

5.2 Metering Technology

Electronic remote meter reading can be achieved using electronic hand-held data capture

devices or interrogators. Meter information stored in the hand-held device is then

transferred through a PLC interface device to computer storage using menu driven

Drobn & llnight 1td. CONSULTING CNGINEERS Page 5-{ [email protected] software. This eliminates the step of manually transferring meter reading data into the computer.

The hand-held units capable of interrogating encoded registers are available as pin-type

units or with a probe for use with a touchpad. The touch system is the preferred remote

reading interface. A remote touchpad can be installed on an outside building wall, or in

existing metal, concrete or composite vault lids (see Figure 5.1). The touch system enables

one person to read an inside or underground meter in a matter of minutes, without the need

to enter a premises or open a vault lid. The meter reader places the tip on a reading wand

or gun on the electronic touch pad module, and then depresses a button to activate the

interrogation process. The meter data is instantly transferred from the meter register to a

visual display on the solid state interrogator device carried by the meter reader. In

situations where it is not possible to obtain a meter read through the touchpad module, the

meter reader can manually keypunch meter information into the interrogator.

It should be noted that the automated reader of one meter supplier is not normally directly

compatible with another manufacturer's meter reading technology. In some instances,

adaptors are available for attachment to the interrogator, which will allow a meter reader to electronically read different manufacturer's meters. The reliability and effectiveness of such systems under field trials is unconfirmed.

Information from the interrogator is typically transformed to an IBM compatible PC using

a downloading rack, which serves as an interface between the interrogator and computer.

Programming of the interrogator and data transfer through the downloading rack interface

is accomplished using information management software.

5.3 Water Meter Size

Water meters are designed to deliver a maximum flow for short periods of time, with a

lower flow capacity for sustained usage without damage occurring to the meter. The

American Water Works Association has established standards for water meters on flow

llqhn& llntght Ud. CONSULTINC ENCINEERS Page 5-2 213.260.2006 trInlE IqiH PA} rcTltlo N r}| ttsfY rcC$SeI rEA (09. iltAR tmno m c,As tfttR)

IfIEftTO EJILOFG R.

(roAPnD fR0l *\ suuuiRr RtPonr sr Dfl&lo MAilACAfNt \ r___ OF HfrGAI&I OGIRCT IAIIR StfPtER ${ ltf --D(_ r OKil{'GAil VAIfY. FI3 1990)

I

I

REMOTE INSTALT.ATION OUTSIDE

REMOTE INSTALI-ATION IN PIT SETTING

FIGURE 5-1 capacities and maximum pressure losses.

The selection of the type and size of meter should be based only on the flow requirement

and the type of use, not on the pressure loss through the meter. Over-sizing a meter to

lower the pressure loss can result in unregistered water use during low flow periods.

The positive-displacement-piston or disc-type meter is the most widely used, because it is

adaptable to residential and other customers who experience long periods when no water is

used. Therefore, low flows become an important factor. The AWWA Water Meter

Standard's performance requirements are realistic in terms of typical usage patterns in

residences. AWWA Standard C-700 requires its tightest metering accuracy at flow rates between 2to20 US gallons per minute (7.6to76Lper minute) for 5/8 inch (16 mm)

domestic meters. The same standard recommends that all 5/8 inch (16 mm) domestic

meters be required to provide sufficient sustained accuracy at continuous flow rates of l0

US gallons (38 L) per minute. This appears to accurately capture the predominant use

pattern found in recent studies, which conclude that most water use is in the range of 2 to 12USgallons(8.5to 43L)per minute,withintermittentflowdemandsfrom 12to71 US

gallons (45 to 270 L) per minute. Based on these recent studies, it appears more important

to have a metering device that delivers sustained long-term accuracy at typical flow rates,

rather than one that measures accurately atvery low flows. In order to accomplish this, the

measuring chamber in a meter should be designed to capture the normal flow range with

sufficient sustained accuracv.

A summary of the flow capacities for positive displacement meters is presented in Table 5-l.

I Drobn& llnlghtltd. .i CONSULTINC ENGINEERS

Page 5.3 213.26 @2006 TABLE 5.1 FLOW CAPACITY FOR DISPLAGEMENT TYPE METERS1 Max. Operating Minimum'Test Normal' Test Flow Meter Size (in.) Caoacitv (USsDm) Flow (USepm) Limits (USsom) % 15 Y4 1-15 t/ 5/8 20 74 t-20 3/+ 518 x 20 Y4 t-20 % 30 % 2-30 I 50 /4 3-50 t-t/2 r00 t-t/2 5-100

' AwwA cToo ' Metershall registernot less than 95o/ooftheactual waterpassed. ' Register shall register not less than 98.5o/o and not more than 101.5% of the actual water passing

Current and propeller meters, which do not register low flows, are suitable when the water

usage is without low flow periods. Compound meters are a combination of the positive

displacement and the current-type meters, and they have lower head losses than the

displacement type. Compound meters have high maintenance requirements, and they must

be carefully selected to provide economical service.

Fire-line meters have previously consisted of proportional meters; however, fire insurance

companies have recently recognized turbine meters that are equipped with strainers as

acceptable fire-line meters. A suggested list of various types of use for each meter

installation is shown in Table 5-2.

'"'; llauum & llnight ltd. CONSULTING ENGINEE'S Page 5.4 213.26 02006 TABLE 5.2 SUGGESTED USES FOR WATER METER TYPES Meter Tvpe Suggested Use Positive-displacement meters Customer, with normal demands 5/8 -2in. Residential, small to medium apartments Small businesses (barber shops, small hotels and motels) Gas stations Restaurants Current meters Large hotels and motels 2-l2in. Customers requiring high demands, or continuous flow Public inigation (no leakage) Pump discharge Large govemment regulations Compound meters Medium hotels and motels 2-10 in. Special customers having high and low demands Schools Public Buildings Laundries Larqe apartments. condominiums Fire-line meters Fire service Recording meters with orifice or Pump discharge flow tubes Water districts Special demand customers Research apolications

* - Source AWWA C700

A common issue with service to strata apartment subdivisions or mobile home parks is

what type of meter to install and where should it be located. One option is to locate the

meter at the property line to record the total demand from all the units, as well as to pass a

fire flow. The other option is to meter service connections individually. The basis of the

decision should be ownership of the distribution system within the mobile home park or

strata subdivision. If the City has ownership and is responsible for maintenance, then the

individual meters would be appropriate. If the ownership and maintenance of the

distribution system lies with others, then a single meter at the property line would be appropriate.

5.4 Metering Options

There are several options available to the City for metering as listed below.

Dqtonr [night ltil. CONSULTINC ENGINEETS Page 5-5 2't3.26 02006 l) Universal Metering - metering of all single-family, multi-family, commercial and institutional users. This option has the highest capital cost but it will provide the

City with demand information from all users and encourage water use efficiency

from all users.

2) ICI Meterine - metering of industrial, commercial and institutional users only. This

option allows the City to meter all ICI customers but no residents, and it has lower

capital costs then universal metering. 5) Hieh Use Meterine - This option is to meter only the high commercial, industrial and institutional users, which typically account for approximately 600/o of the total

ICI demand. This option has the lowest capital cost.

5.5 Gost Estimate

5.5.1 UniversalMetering

The cost associated with a universal metering system includes purchase and installation of

the meters, as well as purchase of an electronic meter reading system.

The City has about 5,000 service connections. The single family residential service

connections are20 mm (3/4 inch) to 25 mm (l inch) in diameter, while the

commercial/industrial/ institutional service connection diameters vary from 20 mm (314 inch) to 200 mm (8 inch).

An outdoor meter installation involves locating a meter assembly in each residence at the

property line and in a location accessible for meter inspection. The degree of retrofitting

needed to install the meter and cost depends on the property improvements and

modifications needed to install the meter. There are potentially many benefits of installing

outdoor water meters. An outdoor water meter will register the outdoor water use (such as

water used for inigating the lawn) which an indoor water meter may not register. Outdoor

water use is the main reason for increased water demand in summer. In addition, the

property owner is responsible for the water service connection maintenance from the

llqbn & lfnlght Ud. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Page 5€ 213.26@2006 properfy line to the entrance of the residence, it is to the benefit to the property owner to repair any leaks in the service connection inside the property line.

The estimated purchasing cost for ICI meters ranges from $160 for 20 mm (3/4 inch)

connections to $8,765 for 200 mm (8 inch) connections. The estimated cost for each

residential service connection, including supply the meter, meter box, and valving as well

as installation and restoration, is about $550 per meter for 20 mm (314 inch) connections.

The installation costs including the complete system for the larger size connections

depends on the configuration and location of the meter. The budget for the purchase of a

separate billing software system should be about S35,000.

The City of Abbotsford presently electronically reads 500 meters per day, while the City of

Penticton electronically/manually reads about 300 meters day. Based on this experience, it

would take about l0 days to read the 5,000 meters in the City of Powell River if universal

metering were implemented, (assuming that an electronic remote reading system was

used). Allowing for I day of rereads, the total time would be I I working days.

Based on a cost of $30/hr, the total cost per reading cycle would be about $2,500 per cycle, using electronic remote reading and manual billing. The bill preparation costs would be

less if automatic download to billins software was used.

A water meter, like any other mechanical device, is subject to wear and deterioration,

and, over a period of time it loses efficiency. How long water meters retain their overall

accuracy depends on many factors, such as the quality of the water being measured, rates of

flow and total quantity, chemical build-up, and the amount of abrasive materials carried by

the water. The best way to determine whether a specific meter is operating efficiently is to

test it. The problem of establishing a meter maintenance program is very difficult, as it involves repetitive testing of every meter in service.

From the individual customer's view point, meters should be tested to protect them from

meter inaccuracy that could result in overcharges; this matter is also of concern to utility

Dryton & llnight ltd. ,,'ik CON5ULTING ENCINEERS Page 5-7 213.26 @2006 management. Experience shows, however, that the greater concern of a water utility

should be the inequities and revenue loss that result from inaccurate meters.

The three basic elements of a meter test are as follows:

the number of different rates of flow over the operating range of a meter required to determine overall meter efficiency;

the quantities of water necessary at the various test rates to provide reasonable

determination of meter registration; and

the accuracy limits that meters must meet on the different rates to be acceptable for use.

There is no Provincial or Federal regulation requiring meter testing. The frequency of

individual meter testing varies throughout North America. With a completely new system, there should be minimal problems with residential meters for l0 to 20 years.

The closest approach to standard test procedures has been formulated by various AWWA meter standards. As with most utilities the City should establish a testing facility including test equipment. An allowance of $10,000 per year is estimated for meter repair and testing.

Summary of capital and operating and maintenance costs for establishing a universal metering program with encoded head meters is shown in Tables 5-3 and 5-4, respectively.

As shown in Table 5-3, the estimated total cost of universal metering is about $3,300,000.

The estimated annual operation and maintenance costs (Table 5-4) are about $35,000 per year. As the number of meter installations increases, the cost of reading the meters will also increase.

llqbn& llnightLtd. CONSULTING fNGINEERS Page 5{ 213.26@2006 TABLE 5.3 GOST OF UNIVERSAL METERING (INCLUDING INSTALLATIO Item Capital Costs - Indoor Installation Cost I Purchase and install 4,540 outdoor meters 92.497.000 2 Billing system and program implementation s35,000 a J Metering testing apparatus $15,000 SUB.TOTAL $2.547.000 4 460 ICI meters (installation cost not s751.000* included) TOTAL ESTIMATED COST $3,298,000

See Section 5.5.2

TABLE 5.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS Electronic Read I Meter reading assuming 6 times per year @ s15,000 $2,5O0/cycle. 2 Meter repair and testing s10,000 J Administration s10,000 TOTAL ESTIMATED COST s35,000

5.5.2 lndustrial. Commercial and Institutional (lCl) Meterino

There are approximately 460ICI service connections in the City of Powell River, varying

in diameter from 20 mm (3/4 inch) to 200 mm (8 inch).

A summary of estimated costs to purchase water meters for ICI users in the City of Powell

River is shown in Table 5-5. The installation cost is not included in the cost estimate, since

it can vary depending on the service options available for installation. The estimated

operational and maintenance costs for ICI metering are shown in Table 5-6.

Dryton& llnlghtltr|. CONSULTING EN<:INEERS Page 5-9 213.26o.2006 TABLE 5.5 PURCHASE COSTS FOR ICI METERING NSTALLATION COST NOT INCI .UDED) Service Diameter* No. of Meters Cost 20 mm (3/4 inch) 51 $8,000 25 mm (1 inch) lt4 $26,000 40 mm (l-1/2inch) 7 $4,000 50 mm (2 inch) 132 $112,000 75 mm (3 inch) 25 s62,000 100 mm (4 inch) r02 s253,000 150 mm (6 inch) 18 $100,000 200 mm (8 inch) 11 $96,000 Billing System $20,000 Meter Testins $20,000 Sub-Total $701,000 Contingency $50,000 Total Estimated Cost $751.000

* Assuming all the residential connections are 20 mm (3/4 inch) in diameter.

TABLE 5.6 O&M COSTS FOR ICI METERING Electronic Read Meter read ng 6 times per year $3,000 Meter repa r and testins s10,000 Administration $3,000 TOTAL s16,000

5.5.3 Hiqh Use Meterino

ICI water use is relatively inelastic; that is, the cost of water is usually a relatively small

portion of total operating cost for enterprises. The effect of water metering on ICI water

demand is therefore likely to be minimal in terms of reducing water use, but it does allow the City to recover costs from high volume water users. The City may therefore consider

implementing a policy to identify high use water users and selectively meter those ICI

tlauton I llnigllt ud. f, to"tuLTING ENGTNEERS lK Page 5-10 [email protected] services with the ICI user being responsible for installing the meter.

5.6 Summary

Metering of all water services is an effective means of improving and maintaining the close

control of water system operations, and provides a basis for assessing water equitably.

Metering also allows the City to develop a database for system performance studies, for

planning future facilities, and to aid in the evaluation of conversation measures. It also

improves accountability for water delivered through the system, and it therefore facilitates

management decisions.

Universal metering for existing service connections was estimated to cost approximately

$3,300,000 (including installation and appurtenances), and associated operation and

maintenance costs were estimated at $35,000 per year. If water metering were restricted to

the existing ICI sector only, the estimated capital cost would be about $750,000 (not

including installation), with associated operation and maintenance costs of $16,000 per year.

The City should consider implementing a bylaw requiring water meter installation on all

new service connections, with costs to be paid by the user. The City should investigate

provincial sharing programs that may be applicable for the metering program.

llqton&llnightl[rL n coNsulTrNG ENGTNEERS |fl( Page 5-l 1 213.26@2006 ftw€#R;""r,-*'.'- -1.h,: Fcarl on the Sunshrnc Ccxrst

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

6.0 FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT

6.1 Overview

The procedure to perform a benefit-cost analysis is well documented. The steps are listed below.

l. Describe the water conservation measure in detail.

2. Estimate the installation rate for the conservation measure being considered.

3. Estimate the costs to achieve implementation of the conservation measures.

4. Estimate the water savings.

5. Using the marginal cost (value) of saved water, estimate the benefits associated

with the water savings.

6. Perform a present worth analysis and compute the benefit-cost ratio. Present worth

is the present day value of a future expenditure. The use of present worth allows a

comparison on a similar basis of alternate projection with varying future capital and

O&M expenditure amounts and expenditure dates.

Unit water savings and the costs of conservation measures are available from the literature.

Typical values which may apply to the City are shown in Table 6-1.

Drybn & llnight ltd. CONsULTING ENGINEERS Page 6-1 [email protected] TABLE 6.1 TYPICAL COSTS AND WATER SAVINGS FOR CONSERVATION MEASURES Approximate Water Savings Measure Unit Cost per Installation per Installation, Percent Retrofit Kits $220 per kit 10% ofindoor use Ultra Low Flush Toilets $350 per toilet 15 - 20% of indoor use New Plumbins Code 0 30olo of new indoor use Residential Water Audits $130 per house 10% of indoor use 5%o ofoutdoor use Public Education 50.65 to $1.30 per 2Yoto 5olo of total use customer per year School Education $0.65 to $1.30 per student Less than loZ of total use Universal metering S550 per service 10o% of annual consumption (residential meters) connection Pricing Cost of rate study 5Yoto l0% of total use Leak Detection and Repair Varies with size of system Reduce unaccounted for Program and extent ofleakage water to 10%o

6.2 Estimated Benefits and Costs of Water Gonservation Measures

An estimate of the annual reduction of water associated with various water conservation

measures, the estimated cost of implementing the measures to achieve the reduction, and

the estimated savings to the utility are discussed in this section.

For the purpose of this analysis, the City's total annual water deman d of 3,722,180 m3 was

derived from the average annual demand over the years from 2000 to 2005. The annual

indoor water use was 2,288"550 m3/yrlexcluding leakage, 6.270 m3ldover 365 days), outdoor use was 730,940 m3lyr (7,945 -'ld over 92 days),while leakage was assumed to be 770,150 m3lyr (2,110 m3ld over 365 days). The unit cost of City water is about $0.30/m3

(includes fixed and variable components). The variable cost is estimated at $0.033/m3 (refer Section 2.6).

6.2.1

I Dqturn & llnig[t ltd. :CONSULTING fNGINEERS Page 6-2 2't3.26@2006 Retrofit Kits

A program of retrofitting low water use showerheads and taps and installing toilet dams to

reduce the volume of water per flush is estimated to cost about $220 per kit, for a total cost

of $990,000 for the City's residential water users. If the water savings were 10olo of indoor

use, then the total annual water savings would be229,000 m3 or about 57,560 per year. BC

Hydro and BC Gas have interest in this type of water conservation measure, since it leads

to a reduction in hot water use and savings in electricity and gas consumption. This

measure is recommended and it should be done in concert with anv BC Hvdro or BC Gas initiatives.

6.2.2 Ultra Low Flush Toilet

To replace the City's high flush toilets with ultra low flush toilets would result in a water

savings of approximately l5Yo to 20Yo of the City's total annual indoor water demand, or

343,000 m3lyr to 458,000 m3lyr of water. The cost per toilet has been identified as $350 (including installation cost).

A program to replace high flush toilets (23 litres per flush) with ultra low flush toilets (7.5

litres per flush) in all buildings in the City is estimated to cost about $1,750,000. With the

City's variable water cost of approximately $0.033/m3 this would result in an estimated

saving of$1 1,300 to $15,100 per year.

6.2.3 New Plumbinq Code

Adoption of a bylaw mandating ultra low water use fixtures in new or renovated homes can

be implemented by the City at little cost. It is a verv cost effective measure. and is

recommended to be adopted by the City.

6.2.4

Itqton& llnlghtltd. icoNSuLTlNG fN6tNEERS Page 6€ 213.26 @2006 Residential Water Audits

Residential water audits can reduce both indoor and outdoor water use. A typical

residential water audit include a review of home's water use pattern and billing, leak check

of the water connection (with the help of a water meter;, leak check of toilets, and outdoor

landscape and sprinkler assessment. The implementation of residential water audits was

estimated to cost $585,000. The audit can result in an indoor water saving of about 229,000 m3 ll}Voof indoor use) or about $7,560 per year, and outdoor water savings of about 36,500 m3 lSZoofoutdoor use)or about $1,200 per year.

6.2.5 Industrial/Commercial/lnstitutional

The principal commercial water users within the City are the small prawn processing plant,

the water park (Willingdon Beach), and the nurseries (Cranberry Lake and Springtime).

These operate primarily during the summer months (June to September). The prawn

processing plant operates during the month of May and June. The City should implement a

water audit program and identifu the industries with high water use and selectively meter

the high users. The purchasing cost of all the 460 ICI connections was estimated at

S751,000. All industries should be metered and pay revenue according to the amount of

water used.

6.2.6 Outdoorlrriqation

There is considerable amount of outdoor irrigation that takes place within the City. It is estimated that 48Yo of total summer demand is for outdoor use. The peak in summer

demand is primarily due to the outdoor irrigation demand. The strategy to reduce the

amount of water used for inigation could range from optimizing irrigation schedules,

practicing xeriscaping and implementing rain barrel program (see Section 4.1.5).

6.2.7

Dryton & fintght ltd. CONSULTING fNCINEE*s Page 64 213.26@2006 Public Education

A public education program assisting the City water users to adopt a water conservation ethic is recommended. The work should target the elementary schools, provide advice

about water use in the home, and provide water consumption information packages to the

consumer. The estimated annual cost is $3,250 to $6,500, with an estimated savings in water of 75,000 m3/yr to 186,000 m3lyr (Zohto 5Yoof total demand). The estimated saving

is $2,500 to $6,150 per year.

6.2.8 Pricinq/Meterinq

Metering in conjunction with a pricing rate structure has the biggest potential to influence

water use pafferns. Benefits associated with universal metering include the following:

a) allows the City to charge fairly for water on the basis of consumption, thus

encouraging conservation and allocating costs on an equitable basis;

b) reduces demand and delays capital expenditures for further source treatment;

c) allows the City to undertake a water audit and identifu unaccounted for loses; and

d) allows the City to better manage the water supply system.

The cost associated with the installation of the universal metering system was estimated

about $3,298,000 and the savings would be372,000 mt 1lTo/oof annual consumption) of water per year or about $12,300 per year.

6.2.9 Svstem Leakaoe

As discussed earlier, system leakage can place a significant demand on the water system.

For the purpose of this report, system leakage was assumed to be 20%o of the total demand.

Leak detection and repair are very important methods used to monitor lost water in a

distribution system. Since leaks usually get bigger with time, the quantity of water saved is

DqSon & llnight [td. CONSULTING fNGINEERS Page 6-5 213.26@2006 actually greater than the quantity calculated at the time of repair. Every effort should be

expended to find and repair suspected leaks in the system.

6.2.10 Summary

Table 6-2 provides a summary of water use efficiency costs and benefits, including the

estimated annual water savings associated with implementation of each the water

conservation measure, and the cost of measure. Benefits for installation of the ICI and high

use meters could not be calculated due to lack of information about the water use pattern for those connections.

TABLE 6-2 SUMMARY OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY COSTS AND BENEFITS Estimated Annual Estimated Cost of Measure Estimated Measure Water Saving Saving per Year Annual One Time in m3 (ner vear) Retrofit Kits 229,000 $990,000 $7,560 Retrofrt Ultra Low Flush $11,300 to 343.000 to 458.000 $1,750,000 Toilets $15,100 307o ofindoor use on New Plumbine Code No cost to City new buildines Residential Water Audits 265,000 $585,000 $8,760 $2,500 to Public Education Prosram 75.000 to 186.000 3.250 to 6.500 $6,150 PricingAJniversal Metering 372,000 35,000 3,298,000 $12,300 Repair/replacement costs System Leakage 372,000 $12,300 Unknown

6.3 Cost Benefit Analysis

A financial evaluation was undertaken to appraise the cost benefit of water conservation

measures. The cost benefit analysis was completed assuming a 5Yo discount rate over 20

years. During the cost benefit analysis it was assumed that the allocated money for each

measure was spent at the beginning of the year. The result of the cost benefit analysis is

presented in Table 6-3.

DaUbn & llnight ltd. H .o"tuLTrNc ENGINEERs 1lill1 Page 6{ 213.26 02006 TABLE 6.3 2O.YEAR COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Measure Total Cost' Total Savinq' Comment Retrofit Kits s990.000 $99.000 Not cost effective Ultra Low Flush Toilets $1.7s0.000 $148"000 to $198.000 Not cost effective Residential Water Audits $s8s.000 sl1s.000 Not cost effective Public Education Program $43.000 to 585.000 $33.000 to $80.000 Marginally cost effective Universal Meterins s3.756.000 $167,000 Not cost effective Svstem Leakase Undetermined $r67.000 Undetermined Total costs include capital cost plus present value ofannual O&M costs over 20 years at annual discount rate of 5o/o. Total savings are the present value of annual savings over 20 years of operation at annual discount rate of 57o.

llalton&llnightltd. tr tt"tulrrNc ENGINEERs alK Page 6-7 213.26 02006 ftffi I'h.: ftrrl on th.: Sunshint: (o;isi

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

7.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Summary and Discussion

The City's water demand currently is around 8,380 m3ld in the winter, but it increases up to about 25,000 -'/d fo. several days during the summer. The lower demand is typically indoor use, and the higher demand is associated with outdoor water uses in the City

during the summer season. It is estimated that about 6l%o of the total annual demand is

for indoor use, 19olo is outdoor use, and 20%o is leakage from the distribution system.

At the current unit water demand, the average annual water demand is expected to

increase from 10,550 m'/d in 2005 to 12,200 m'/d by 2016, andto 13,500 mtldby 2026. The peak day water demand is estimated to increase from25,7l0 -'/d in 2005 to 29,300 m'ld by 2016, and32,400 -'/d by 2026. The projected water demand was calculated based on the annual average population change for the City of Powell River for the last year (l%o population growth; Regional District 27- Powell River, Statistical Profile).

7.2 Recommendations

Adoption of the measures in a water conservation program should be done on a cost

effective basis. The cost of implementing water conservation measures leading to a

reduction in water demand should be less than the estimated savings to the City. The

principal savings will be a reduction in operation and maintenance variable costs in the

water distribution system, and to a limited extent in the wastewater collection and

Dqton & llnight ltd. CC>NSULTING ENGINEERS Page 7-l 213.26q2006 treatment system.

As described in Section 2.7 of this report, the implementation of a water use efficiency

program would not result in significant savings for the recommended capital

improvements to the City's water supply system, since these improvements are mainly

related to peak demand and fire flow requirements which will not be significantly

impacted by water use efficiency measures. Reduction in wastewater flows resulting

from water use efficiency would result in some costs savings for wastewater collection

and treatment, but these would be relatively insignificant (e.g., approximately 3Yo of the

total capital and operating costs assuming a lUYo reduction in wastewater flow rates).

Therefore, the implementation of water use efficiency measures that have a significant

cost will not be cost-effective at present. However, the City should implement water use

efficiency measures that have low or insignificant costs in the near future as described

below. The implementation of best practices for water use will help to minimize system

operating costs, and will involve and educate the community so that water use efficiency

measures will be easier to implement in future, should these measures become cost-

effective due to changes in the City's water supply system (e.g. implementation of costly capital works for water treatment).

The Water Use Efficiency Program Summary presented in Table 7-1 shows high priority

water conservation measures for planning purposes.

TABLE 7.1 PRIORITIES FOR WATER USE EFFICIENCY MEASURES Measure Priority Cost l) Undertake water conservation awareness programs and High $3,250 to confirm a commitment to water use efficiency in the $6,500 per communify and elementary school. This could include: yeat

o Bill stuffers on water conservation from such organizations as the American Water Works Association

. Work with commercial users exploring avenues for

DqHrn& llnight ltd. CONSULTINC €NGINE€R5 PageT-2 213.26@2006 TABLE 7-1 (cont'd.) PRIORITIES FOR WATER USE EFFICIENCY MEASURES Measure Priority Cost water conservation

. Prepare a handout advising the public on ways to reduce water consumption

o Affending local trade shows

2) The City should continue to enforce sprinkling High Minimal cost restrictions. Encourage people to practice xeriscaping to City and implement rain barrel program.

3) The City should adopt a water demand management High Minimal cost policy including establishing of appropriate annual and to City peak day reduction targets forthe next five years. The City should track the daily demand by year and analyze the pattern for trends in the consumption and impacts of water use efficiency efforts. As part of this program the findings should be reported annually to the public as part of the education program.

4) A thorough knowledge of all City water distribution High Cost system components is necessary. The City should undetermined ensure that the location, condition and assurance that all pipe/service connection/leakage repairs/fire hydrant maintenance information is properly recorded, up-to- date, and available for easy access on current maps.

5) Conduct an audit of potential large water users (ICI) to High s15,000 determine water use and the potential for savings.

6) Develop and adopt a bylaw requiring ultra low flush High Minimal cost toilets and reduced water use fixtures for all new to City buildings. Encourage voluntary retrofits in existing buildings in cooperation with outside agencies such as BC Gas and BC Hvdro.

7) The City should undertake

a) a water reservoir drawdown test, and High $5,000

b) if required, a leakage detection program focusing High $45,000 on areas with ageing pipes and history of leak repairs.

: llqton & llnight ltd, CONSULTING ENGtNEfRS Page 7-3 [email protected] fti',&*w'-7t'-- I hc tt;rrl on dr.l Sunshinc: C.r:rlsi

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

APPENDIX A

TERMS OF REFERENCE #210 - 889 Harbourside Drive. North Vancouver - DaU ton & llnight Ltd. British Columtria. Canada V7P 3Sl coNsuLTtNG ENGTNEERS Telephone: 804-99G4800 ' Fa,r: 6O4-990'0805 \q[1(|-1fl @ E-mail: dkeng@daYton-knight'com

January 28,2005

Mr. Don MacKinnon, P.Eng. Director of Engineering and Development Sendces District of Powell River 6910 Duncan Steet Powell River, B.C. v8A 1V4

DearMr. MacKinnon:

RE: District of Powell River Proposal for W-ter IIse ['fficienry Sfirdy

We are pleased to submit the following WaterUse Efficiency Studyproposal to the Distict for consideration. ]}ris studywas recommended in the Stage 2 Liquid Waste Management Plan (LWMP), which is currently nearing completion.

The goal within the LWMP is to reduce the volume of wastewater produced through wat€r consErvation, thereby rcducing infrastructure and operating costs for wastewater collection and trea1neff and reducing discharge flows of treated wastewater to the receiving environment. In addition, by identifying and developing methods that could permancntly reduce thc demand on the Distict's water supplisystem in aiosi effective manner, the Disuict can explore thc possibility of reducing or delaying capital improvemen8 to the water supply rystem and of reducing operating costs ov€f, the long term.

r.O METIIODOLOGY

1.1 Review of Available Informadon

Dayton & Knight Ltd.'s previous water demand work would be reviewed and updatod based on recent water dCmand data collected by the District. fui overview of programs in other B.C. municipalities such as Vernon, Nanaimo and the Nanaimo Regional District would bc provided.

The aspects of wastewater collection and treatment that could potentiallybenefit from water conservation would be identified; these retate mainly to purnping and hydraulics, since

A-98.11 by the mass design of thc biological processes at the teatnent facilities is governed mainly loading of organic material, and not by wastewater flow rate'

1,2 Water Use Elements

on the A water use efficiency program has potentially a number of eleurents as detailed pennanent acoompanying TaSle t-t that could lead to a measurable, sustained and reduction in water consumPtion.

TABLE 1.I

Mersure kib (showerhca4 toilct Residential - Indoor l. ReEofitKi6 Distibua tank displaccma* dcvice) to horpowners to inst8ll Ultra t.owFhshToil€t Rcbatc rcplaccmc,nt of oldtoilcts Rebatcs wi&ultalowfhshmdct NewPhlrfiing Rcquiro low flowshowcrtcads and ulta low llush toileB in lcw constnrction of irrigation qntem Rcsidcntial - Otttdoor 4. WatcrAudits Perfonn audit and providc homcouiacr with irrigation scbcdule, bY season waer conscrving Conrme rciaVlndustial 5. LandscapcConnols Requirc ladscape.

6. ProccssWaterAudits Trainsd wate'r auditors advis! brsincsscs ofbow to reducc water lls9. auditor adviscs Farm/Public/Otbcr 7. Large Landscape$Iater Traircd waar Ardib owner of adjruhmts to inigation practices/sYstcm to savc wat€r. fir( Utilrty IrakReduction Activc program to locaE and disributioo sYstem leaks. e&rcate custoncrs All Categories 9. Public Edrcation Prograrn to about wiss watcr usc though variors mcdie. 10. School Rfucation Classroom instnrtion on irryorance of efEcicnt water usc. ll. Pricing Irclining block ratc or seasonal pricing to cncouag€ cfrcicnt water usc.

A-gt.t3 1.2.1 Costs nf Weter Conse'nmfinn Me-$rrcs

A description and review would be made ofthe potential applicability of these elernents within the Distict systern and ths cost of implerrenting each element would be estimated. This would include elcments of the District LWMP, the potable water supply syatem, and so on.

1.2.2 Cnsr Renefif Anabnis

The cost of each element listd in Table l-l would be compared to the probable savings both in wastewaler collection and treatnent and in water supply. This would provide a screening of the applioability of each element to the Disbict's needs.

1.3 Universal Meterlug

Universal metering involves metering everyservice connection in a utilitywaterdistibution system. In gene,ral, universal metering allows an accounting of all the water supplied by the utility and provides the utility with a vehicle to establistr rates that reflect the cost of water supply in relation to the amount ofwater used by the coililrmer. As the cost of water increases (new sources, enhanced heatnent, increased operating costs) the aocounting ofthe supplied water b.ecomes very important.

The princrpal impact of a water use effcie,noy program would be a reduction in potable u'ater consumption, whichwould delaycapital ocpeirdittues on n€w sources and systent improveurents and rpdtrce operation and maintEnance costs. Additional savings in wastewater colleotion and heafrte'nt might also be realized.

Specifically, universal metering would provide the following benefits,

o abetter understanding of water deurand and unaccounted losses that could target assistance to large water users. o the ability to chargc fairly for water on basis of conzumption r abetterconceptforqotemplanning. r realistic projections for future water dernand and wastewater generation.

The following tasks are envisioned:

1.3.1 ServiceConnetions

. review thc existing process followed for prcparing bills. o identify existing senrice connectiontlpes (domestic, industial, comrncrcial) and nunbcr. o identi$, tJ/pical design of sernice connection to evaluate work required to install flowmeters.

1.3,2 llniversrl Mdering Coqt o estimatHffitffi,ltffiT*tpffi,slffi,irosnmincruding:

- methodofrneterreading(muually,elwtronically) r estimate capital cost of a universal metering program

: imfft#ITr- on all service conncctions (for existing dwelopment retrofitting will be necessary). - purchaseofmeterreadingequipment. - purchase of equipmeirt to rpcord individual meter readings and produce a conzumerbill. ' estim1r"Hg,ffi*ffi'ffiii ff::;ff HloY#'mrr,,ffi" to repair meters and cost ofmeter repair. - cost to read meters - cost to prepare bills. . identijfiil:ffiffi'";ffii#trff;ffiffi'ffiiilffi*

1.3.3 CoS3enefitAnalgads

The analysis would include:

o estimaie water and wastewater rduction realized if a universal rnetering program was implemented . t'?es of meters and tecbnoloryavailable . meter location including indoor veruur outdoor installation . mete,r reading methodology (manual, telephong TouclrRea4 radio) . billing softrvare . cost estimate (capital and O&M) e meteringbylaw recomrnendation r funding sotrces r cost/benefit ofmetering costs versus potcntial savings . implemeirtation considerations

1.4 Public Consultation

A successfirl water consewation program slpuld include public input This would be accomplisbed thrcuglr a public open house with poster boards, questionnaires, handouts and

A-9E.33 so on. The open house would be similar in format to the one conducted in 2004 for the LWMP. Mr. Sen Brophy and Dr. Al Gibb would attend the open house.

1.5 Report

The report would establistr the benefits of a water corucrvation program, including reduced unaccounted for water, ortended hydraulic life ofkey water and wastewater systein components, savings in operating(power) costs, public educatiorl and otherpotential benefits for the water and wastewater systems.

The initial draft report would be zubmitted to thc Distict for rcview. Following review, Mr. Sean Bro,phywould meet with Distict staffto discuss the draft report. Forn copies ofthe finat report complete with drawings and elechonic data would be providod in light of DisEict comments on the initial draft.

PROPOSED SCHEDIJLE AND COST

The work could begin as soon as funding is obtained for the study, since no field monitoring is proposed.

Mr. Sean Brophywould.act as principal-in-chargc and project mruuger. Ms. Claire Bayless would be project engineer and would overs€e preparation of the cost benefit analpis, with assistance tom Dayton & Knight Ltd" technical staff as needed. Dr. Al Gibb would assist with matters related to the LMvIP and wastewat€r collection and teatnent. The cost estimate is sunmarized in Table 2-1. We estimate that the work would take approximately 12 weeks to cornplete, following project award.

3.0 EENETTTS

The benefits of this project are several fold. First, the Distict would fulfill the provincial objectivc for water coruerrration. Second, there is a potential for the Disfiict to realizE considerable sums in water and wastewater savings ovcr the long term future; however before proceeding it is imporant to have a clear idea ofthe costs and benefits of various water conservation m€asure$ so that priorities for action can be established. Thfud, the informatiorL concltrsions, and r@ommendations contained in the study report would support the planning stategies for reduced wastewater volumes set out in ttre Distict's Liquid Waste Management PlarU which is nearing completion.

A-98.33 We are gratefirl for the opportunity to be of continued seirrice to the District. Please do not hesitate to contact the rurdenigned or Dr. At Gibb, P.Eng., should 1ou have any questioru or concerilt regarding the above.

Yotus trnly,

Dayton,&Xnight Ltd. /'/ / . ,f '/n'''t1 SeanBrophy, PF"e.

AG/yv / A-98.33 Encls. I

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CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

APPENDIX B

BYLAW NO.2068,2005 THE CORPORATION OF THE DISTRICT OF POWELL RIVER

BYLAW NO.2068,2005

A bylaw to provide for the installation, operation and management of the Waterworks System of The Gorporation of the District of Powell River and the collection of rates, and charges for water

The Council of The Corporation of the District of Powell River, in open meeting assembled, enacts as follows:

Short Title:

1. This Bylaw may be cited as "The Corporation of the District of Powell River Waterworks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 2068, 2005".

Definitions:

2. For the purposes of this bylaw:

(a) "Bounda4y''means the street line of a property as shown by a registered plan or legal description.

(b) "Collectof' means the person appointed by Council as the Director of Financial Services/Collector for The Corporation of the District of Powell River.

(c) "Consumer" means any person who is the owner, agent for the owner, lessee, or occupant of any Premises to which water is supplied from the District's waterworks system.

(d) "Council" means the Council of The Corporation of the District of Powell River.

(e) 'District" means The Corporation of the District of Powell River.

(f) "Person" means any company, corporation or partnership.

(g) "Premises" means all places, lots, parcels of land, buildings or structures.

(h) "Rate or Rates" means the price or sum of money to be paid by any consumer for a service to his Premises for a stated period.

(i) "Service" means the supply of water from the waterworks system to any person, and includes all pipes, taps, valves, connections and other things necessary to or used for the purpose of the supply of water.

fi) "Engineed'means the Municipal Engineer of the District or his delegate. (k) 'Waterworks" means the waterworks system of The Corporation of the District of Powell River. 'The Gorporaton of the District of Powell River Wat$works Regulations and Rates Bylaw No.2068, 2005" Page2of11

Appllcation for Service

3. All applications for the instiallation of a service connection shall be made at the Engineer's office by the Owner or his authorized agent, who shall, at the time he makes an application, execute an agreement with the District, in the form set out in Schedule "A', attached hereto and forming part of this bylaw.

Application for Turning Off or Turning On Water

4. (a) All applications for the tuming off or turning on of water to any Premises shall be made in writing to the Engineer not less than forty-eight (a8) hours before service is required.

(b) No peron shall make application to tum off the water ftom any Premises in use or occupied by any other person until the use or occupation by the other person has ceased and the Premises have been vacated.

(c) Where several services are provided to any Consumer from one connection to the main, the District shall not be required to shut off any one of those services until that service has been directly connected to the main at the expense of the person and according to the provisions of this bylaw.

Discontlnuing the Use of Water

5. (a) Any person who is about to vacate any Premises that have been supplied from the Waterworks, and who is desirous of discontinuing the water seryice, shall give written notice to the Engineer.

(b) Where any person fails to give the notice required in subsection (a) above, the rates will be charged until notice is given and the water tumed off.

(c) Where any commerdal Premises are vacant for a period of sixty-one (61) days or more and the owner does not wish to discontinue water servi@s, the water rates shall be abated on the Premises for the duration of the vaelncy.

(d) The water rate abatement under (c) above shall oeur upon the owner submifting a written application to the Collector.

Speclal Purpose Use

6. The use of water shall not be granted for any special purpose unless, in addition to the special rate charged, the ordinary rate for the building is paid according to Schedule "B", attached hereto and forming part of this bylaw.

Leaking Pipes

7. ln the case of leaking or improper pipes, or imperfect appurtenan@s on any Premises, and after due notification to the Consumer, and the necessary repairc or alterations not being made within forty-eight (48) hours thereafter, or where the condition of such pipes or fixtures shall be such as to cause a waste of water or damage to property, then '"The Corporation of the District of Powell River Waterworks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 2068, 2005" Page3of11

without further notice, the Engineer shall have authority to cut off the supply of water by closing the stop-cock, or by detaching the service pipe from the main. Before the water is again turned on, such pipes or appurtenances shall be repaired, altered or replaced to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The charge for detaching or re-attaching, or for turning uC", off or on of the water shall be as set out in Schedule attached hereto and forming part of this bylaw. Any additional cost which the District shall have incurred in taking off or replacing the stop-cock in order to prevent the improper use of water after being turned off, and no person supplied from such service pipe shall have any claim against the District by reason of such cutting off of the water supply.

Service Installation

8. (a) Any person being the ownel of real property within the Watenrorks upon which no building or structure is situated, or any owner, or his authorized agent of any Premises desiring the Premises to be served with water, shall make application in the form set out in Schedule "A" to the Engineer for water service.

(b) Application:

(i) Upon the approval of the application by the Engineer, and upon application for a building permit, if applicable, the applicant shall pay to the Collector, the connection fee prescribed in Schedule "C".

(ii) For all the utility relocations, modifications or the installation of an additional service, the cost of utility relocation, modification or installation shall be at the fee prescribed in Schedule "C". This rate shall apply with the understanding that the Engineer may reject the request for such work il in his opinion, it is not in the best interest of the District.

(iii) Any service connections to the District's existing water distribution system will be installed by the District.

(c) When the Engineer has been advised by the Collector that the connection fee has been paid, he shall provide the required service to within 450 millimeters of the boundary line, when the service can be conveniently supplied from an existing watermain.

(d) The Building and Plumbing Inspector shall not issue any building permit until application for a water connection has been made, approved by the Engineer and the appropriate connection charges paid.

(e) Where an application for a water connection has been made and the water connection cannot be provided unless a watermain is extended, the extension shall be made:

(i) where the extension does not exceed thirty (30) meters in length without cost to the applicant;

(ii) where the application involves a new subdivision, or a new area, and where the Council is satisfied that within a five-year (5) period from the date of installation there will be not less than one (1) water connection for each thirty (30) meters of extension, without cost to the applicant; "The Corporation of tho Dishict of Powell River Waterworks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 2068,2005" Page 4 of 11

(iii) except as provided in clause (b) above at the expense of the applicant for all the costs of the extension in excess of 30 meters for each application; provided that there shall be rebated to the applicant for each subsequent water connection made from the extension, within a five-year period from the date of installation, an amount equal to the quotient of 30 meters and the number of meters of extension paid for by the applicant and the amount paid (receipts to be submitted) by the applicant which rebate or rebates shall not either singly nor in the aggregate exceed the amount so expended by the applicant.

Service Pipes

9. Only one house service pipe o_f a size approved by the Engineer for the supply to a single house or Premises shall be installed by the District.

10. No person shall do work of any kind in mnnection with a service, either for the laying of new or the repairing of old seryices, upon or under any street, lane or highway in the District other than employees of the District or the employees of persons holding a contract with the District for the performance of Waterworks.

11. All service pipes shall be laid at a depth of not less than 800 millimeters below the surface of the ground or where required by the Engineer at the depth determined by him.

12. No person shall lnstall, place or maintain in any Premises any water connection, pipe, fixture, or other apparatus which does not comply with the requirements of this bylaw.

No Liability

13. (a) Nothing contained in this bylaw shall be construed to impose any liability on the District to service any Premises or to give a continuous supply of water to any person or Premises.

(b) The District shall not be liable for:

(i) the failure of the water supply in consequence of any accident or damage to the Waterworks;

(ii) excessive pressure or lack of pressure; or

(iii) any temporary stoppage of water due to alterations or repairs, whether such failure arises from the negligence of any person in the employ of the District or any other person or through natural deterioration or obsolescence of the Waterworks.

Hot Water Tanks

14. Any Consumer shall ensure that all hot water tanks are properly protected against damage which may be caused by any temporary interruption of the water supply. 'The Corporation of the District of Powell River Watenrorks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 2068, 2005" Page5of11

Interference

15. No person shail in any way tamper, remove, or bury or interfere with any hydrant, pipe, service valve and box or any other Watenrorks appurtenance outside of his own Premises.

Use of Fire Hydrants

16. No unauthorized person shall open or use any fire hydrant for any purpose.

No Gonnection to Mains

17. No person shall make any conn;ction to any pubrlic or private main in the District without the written consent of the Engineer.

Watering Other Premises

18. No person shall, with a lawn sprinkler or otherwise, water any other Premises than those in respect of which he has paid the regular rates as set out in Schedule "B" attached hereto and forming part of this bylaw.

Sprinkling

19. (a) All Consumers shall restrict sprinkling of lawn, trees, shrubs and gardens as follows:

(i) Properties with "even" numbered civic addresses may sprinkle on "even" numbered calendar days (i.e. 2nd,4th,6th, etc.).

(ii) Properties with "oddo numbered civic addresses may sprinkle on "odd" numbered calendar days (i.e. 1tt, 3'd, Sth' etc.).

(b) No Consumer shall use more than one (1) hose for sprinkling purposes at any one time.

(c) Persons with underground sprinkling systems controlled by a time clock shall be exempted from sprinkling regulations outlined in Section 19(a) only if operated between 2400 and 0700 (12:00 midnight and 7:00 am).

(d) All underground sprinkling systems shall be installed in conformance with the British Columbia Plumbing Code and the District of Powell River Building Regulation Bylaw.

(e) Auto washing and inigation by hand is not restricted provided that the hose has a spring loaded shut-off device or a hand-held container is utilized.

(f) Drip inigation systems may be used at any time.

(g) Nurseries, farms, tree farms, parks, playing fields and public gardens may be watered at any time. "The Corporation of the Distntt of Powell River Watenrvorks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No.2068, 2005" Page 6 of 11

(h) Consumer establishing newly seeded or newly sodded lawns may apply to the Engineering Services Department for exemption from the sprinkling regulations for a one month period at the time that the new lawn is planted.

(i) The Engineer is authorized to impose further sprinkling regulations where he deems it necessary.

Using Water for Sprinkling Streets

20. (a) No perc;on who is not in the employ of the District shall use water supplied by the District for the purpose of sprinkling any street or lane or public thoroughfare.

(b) Nothing in this section shall prevent any person from sprinkling or watering that portion of any boulevard immediately adjoining his Premises.

Increasing Supply of Water

21. No Consumer shall increase the supply of water beyond that fixed by the rating of the Premises, or shallwrongfully, negligently or improperly waste any water.

Selling Water

22. No Consumer shall sell or dispose of any water or permit the same to be canied or taken away or used, or appty it for the benefit or use of others, or to any other than his own use.

Inspectton of Premlses

23. Any Consumer shall, at all reasonable times, allow the Engineer or any person authorized by him to enter into and upon the Premises in respect of which service is supplied, for the purpose of inspecting the service, including any water pipes, connections, fixtures, taps or any other apparatus used in connection with the water supply.

Valves

24. Every Gonsumer shall provide for each service to his Premises a pressure-reducing valve and pressure relief valve to prevent the water pressure in the main serving his Premises from becoming so great that damage may result.

Rates and Gharges

25. (a) The rates and charges set out in Schedule 'Bo are hereby imposed and levied for water supplied or ready to be supplied by the District forthe year 2005.

(b) All rates or charges shall be payable at the office of the Collector and shall be charged against the lands supplied or ready to be supplied.

(c) Any rates or charges remaining unpaid after 31 December in any year shall be deemed to be taxes in anears on the property ooncemed and shall be added to the Collecto/s tax rollas such. "The Corporation of the Distric{ of Powell River Watenrorks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No.2068,2005" PageT oI 11

General Rates or Charges

26. (a) The general annual rates or charges as set out in Schedule "Bn are to be paid annually. The annual payment will be due on or before the first working day after 01 July.

(b) Property owners of record at the time the annual tax notices are sent out shall be assessed the annual water rate on their properly tax notices and the fee(s) shall become due and payable on or before the annual tax due date. Unpaid water fees after the tax due date shall be subject to the same penalty and interest charges as annual property taxes.

(c) Property owners who are not assessed for water use on their property tax notices will be sent a separate billing for their water user fees, which will become due and payable on or before the first working day after 01 July of each year. Any unpaid balances as at 31 December in any year will be transferred to tax arrears in the following year and will be subject to the prescribes rates of interest, as set by the Province of British Columbia.

Penalties

27. Annual water use rates shall be subject to a ten percent (1lo/o) penalty on any portion that is not paid on or before the first working day after 01 July of each year.

Rebate or Refund

28. (a) Except as provided in this bylaw, no rebate or refund or credit of any monies paid or payable for service shall be made.

(b) Where water is disconnected for a period of not less than sixty (60) days or where a building is uninhabitable through fire, demolition or other cause, a rebate, refund or credit may be allowed.

(c) Properties that are newly connected to the waterworks system part way through a calendar year will be charged a prorated amount from the date of connection to the end of the calendar year.

29. (a) The Engineer may make every reasonable effort to notifo Consumers of any intenuption in their water service but nothing contained in this bylaw shall be construed to impose any liability upon the District to give any continuous supply of water to any peron.

(b) The District reserves the right to shut off water to any Premises without notice.

30. The provisions of this bylaw shall be applicable and binding upon all Consumers.

31. lf any section, subsection, clause or phrase of this Bylaw is for any reason held to be invalid by the decision of a Court of competent jurisdiction, the invalid portion shall be severed and the decision that it is invalid shall not affect the validity of the remainder. "The Corporation of the Distict of Powell RiverWaterworks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No.2068,2005" Page 8 of 11

32. Any person who contravenes any of the provisions of this Bylaw commits an offence and shall be liable to prosecution under, and the penalties imposed pursuant to, the Offence Act (BC).

33. 'Waterworks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 935, 1974" and amendments lhereto are hereby repealed.

READ a first time by the Municipal Council the 26s day of April, 2005.

READ a second time by the Municipal Council the 26n day of Aprit, 2005.

READ a third time by the Municipal Councilthe 26h day of April, 2005.

ADOPTED by the Municipal Council thii 1Oth day of May, 2005.

Stewart B. Alsgard, Mayor Marie Claxton, Municipal Clek "The Corporation of the District of Powell RiverWateruorks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 2068,2005' Page9of11

THE CORPORATION OF THE DISTRICT OF POWELL RIVER SCHEDULE'A'

WATER SERVICE APPLICATION

LOT BLOCK D.L. PLAN ROLL

Street Address lAffe, the registered owner(s) of the above described property agree to pay for all water supplied pursuant to the provisions of the "The Corporation of the District of Powell River Waterworks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 2068, 2005". lAffe further agree that The Corporation of the District of Powell River shall have the right at any time to charge for the water in accordance with Schedule uB" of this bylaw. lAlVe further covenant and agree to protect and save harmless The Corporation of the District of Powell River from all claims, demands, costs and charges of any kind arising out of or in any manner incident to or caused by any of the pipes on my property used for the supply of water pursuant to this application. lANe further agree to cornply with all the requirements of Bylaw No. 2068 as a condition precedent to the granting of this application. Below is a description of the structure for which this application is being made including the necessary information to establish the applicable user rate as per Schedule "B'.

Description:

Applicant's Signature: PostalAddress:

Approved by: Date: (Municipal Engineer) Connection Charge:$

Date service installed:

Location of connection:

Director of Public Works Signature:

PAYMENT INFORMATION: The Corponaton of the Distfril of Powell River Wateruorks Regulations and Flates Bylaw No. 2068, 2005" Page 10 of I I

SCHEDULE'B'

SERVIGES: 2005 ANNUAL RATES Domestic Rate - single family dwelling on single service 171.50 - each apartment or dwelling without bath or toilet 171.50 - each apartment or dwelling with bath or toilet 171.50 - each stratia title unit 171.50 - mobile home parks - per mobile home 171.50 Multiple Family Dwelling or Separate Dwellings - each apartment or dwelling without bath or toilet 171.50 - each apartment or dwelling with bath or toilet 171.50 3 Boarding or Lodging Houses up to five rooms 2il.00 - each additional room 25.50 4 Hotels having not more than 12 units 707.00 - each additional unit 25.50 5 Motels having not more than 12 units 707.00 - each additional unit 25.50 6 Restiaurant, Eating Accommodation up to 15 persons 343.50 - each additional accommodation 5.10 7 Stores and Offices or other Premises including Barber Shops and Beauty Parlors - for each toilet, washbasin, sink, bathtub, shower bath urinal, drinking fountain, or other fixtures separately connected to the water supply of the Premises 78.50 In this category, the minimum charge will be 170.50 8 Churches or Meeting Houses 62.00 9 Motion Picture or Drive-in Theatre 254.00 10 Greenhouse 254.00 11 Photographic Studio 254.00 12 Dairies 511.00 13 Cocktail Lounges and Clubs 343.50 14 Beer Parlors 511.00 15 Public Garages will be charged in accordance with Stores and Offices for the main portion of the garage with a minimum charge of: 170.50 - additional public resfoom 87.50 16 Bus Depot 170.50 17 Schools 162.00 18 Public Assembly Halls 428.50 19 Cemeteries 170.50 20 Arena 428.50 21 Laundries - per washing machine 173.50 22 Laundromats - per washing machine 173.50 23 Hospitals - per bed 22.50 24 Private Swimming Pools ortanks 92.00 25 CarWashers - per bay 473.50 'The Corporation of the District of Powell RiverWaterworks Regulations and Rates Bylaw No. 2068, 2005" Page 11 of11

THE CORPORATION OF THE.DISTRICT OF POWELL RIVER

SCHEDULE'C'

WATERWORKS CONNECTION FEES AND OTHER CHARGES

SERV|CE SIZE INITIAL SERVICE GOST

AllConneclions Cost plus 25%

OTHER CHARGES: AMPUNT

1. Fee for turning water off and on to be charged at the time of turning on 115.00

2. Charge for use of fire fighting water connection for purpose other than fire fighting, each time the seal is broken. 115.00

3. Charge for servicing privately owned fire hydrants 115.00 Plus Parts ft6,e#R*ru# lh.: lb;rri on thc Sunshinc: C.rxrsl

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

APPENDIX C

WATER DEMAND PROFILE WeeLly Demand t-1dl (.rrOlJrO(,|H 1..) bJ 6?5656 4-Jan-01

4-Feb-01 tr i i al EI oe 4-Mar-01 ocl Irt Fl G o o 4-Apr41 o iJ { { D !? C 4-lvlay4l af. tD o Fl -l a g (D 4-Jun-01 (D F p lel, r 4-Jul41 I €r.t trt o oi ;n 4-Aug41 (D tD=r (tt\) oN) e 4-Sep4l c

4-Oct-01

4-Nov-01

4-Dec-01 lVeekly Demand (nt/O Weekly Demand (-'CI (rrO(.rrO N) HN)N) b'e'o'o bbeeElJlO(JrOLrl 8888 o88ooo 2-Jan43 3-Jan-02

2-Feb-03 3-Feb-02 4l |al ocl 2-lvlar-03 0q 3-ldar{2 rl |it t! o o 2-Apr-03 o 3-Apr-02 b (.r) { { D 2-lvIay-03 39 3-May-02 (! (D rt El a E (D 2-Jun-03 t'D 3-Jun-02 E p !s !t E 3 2-Jul{3 g 3-Jul-02 EFt ttFl o o !n 2-Aug43 Eh 3-Aug-02 (,D o h) N oe (D (, 2-Sep43 h)o 3-Sep-02

2-Oct43 30ct{2

2-Nov-03 3-Nov-02

2-Dec-03 3-Dec-02 \ileeldy l)emand (m3/d) Weekly l)emand (-t/O |JlOrJrO9l tJ tg c5556--xx><)< .!,'56tsHb-ee'Ra 6-Jan-05 o88883 8-Jan-04

6-Feb-05 8-Feb-04 El 6-lv{ar-O5 E 0e oa 8-lvIar-04 rl r.t t! (D o 6-Apr-O5 o o\ (rl 8-Apr-04 { P 6-IMay-O5 { a;P 8-May44 G Flo Ft e (D 6-Jun-05 (D E 8-Iun-04 D E E E e 6-Jul-05 P 8-Jul-04 i €rt rl B o o tr| 6-Aug45 i< (D =i(D E-Aug-04 N l\) ir< (rl 6-Sep-05 eA 8-Sep-04

6-Oct-05 80ct-04

6-Nov-05 8-Nov-04

6-Dec{5 8-Dec-04 ft6,4R*ru# l.hc Fhlrl on the Sunshine i'.,::ast

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

APPENDIX D

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION PROFILE l-Jan{0

l5-Jan-00

29-Jar00

12-Feb00

25-Feb00 a5 0q ll-Mar-00 rl o - t 25-lrar-O0 8-Apr-00 3 !: E x X 22-Apr40 gE' B 6-lvlay-00

tD-l o 2GlvIay-00 .tr!3 E (D (D H 3-Jun-00 prl a 17-Jun{0 oi o p (T l-Jur-oo ac F F t'D (!6 rl 15-Jul40 tD o t? 29-Jul-00 t9 12-Aug40 E t 26-Aug-00 EFt fu o a 9-SepO0 FT o o rct 23-Sep00 art h) o 7-Oct-00

tr 2l-Oct'00 FI 4-Nov{0 l8-Nov40

2-Dec-00

l6-Dec-00

30-Dec-00 Io-ce(I- I€

I0-ceo-r I

I0-ceq-€

I0-^oN-6I

Io-^oN-s to.po-zz I €'l I Hl e lvl c Io'rco-8 G| .E I L | € rodes-rz I .E i (|) ti o rodes-ot ] f,l L .tAl EL ro-atrv-rz Itr | + | ! 6l ro-Env-€ r I I I C) ro-rnf-0€ (I) i?l L ro-''r-er | $l ro."r-z c) i IlEl Ht L r0-mf-8t 6l I E I L tgl q) r0-unf-r R I .F ] - tFl (u to-^?hr-rz € I E I I'-,(?W-, E I F I X S 6l ro-rdv-€z I I E t\I ro-rdv-6 | + | H l'l O I0-r3I^(-92 L AD lo-Isn{-zI - [0{e.{-92 Io{ed-zI w4ref'62 l0{r?f-st

Io-uBf-I zc".re(l-Ll ztrcec-g z0-^oN-6t z0-^oN-s zonco-zz tAlt-l I al I Fl zo-rco-8 | E I I-Ilvl zO4.es-?z l€l zo-oes-oI l.31 zo-Env'Lz I $ | zo-Env-€I lil z0{nf'0€ l'l zo-rnf-er I I a | l^l | zo'try'z E I El z0-unf-8r t€l| il zo-unr-? lvl | El zo-rvbr-tz I Fl tgl zo-Kvyr-t tFlI Fl zo-'dv-€z I E I zo-Idv-6 I tel| E zo-lpi r-sz illl>l zo-rurr-zr I ? | z0ned-92 tltt zo{eJ-zt

Zg.lreI-62 z0{r"f-9 I zo{rBf- I c|uro 1-Ja*03

1 5-Jan-03

29-Ja*03 l2-Feb03

26-Feb03 at 1 2-lvlar-03 CQ E Fl (D 26-lvlar03 \-l $ 9-Apr-03 p3 I x 3 23-Apr-03 H 7-May-03 E gF' o E 21-lvlay-03 EI oH E(D 4Jun-03 F{ E p 13 o 18-Jun-03 Ert !l (D pU D9 2-Jul-03 6 (D a o 16-Jul-03 -ll (D a Ho 30-Jul-03 E o al D 13-Aug-03 o 27-Ang-03 E + oE FU l0-Sep03 FI 6 ('D o tt 24-Sep03 r.ld D' b) o 8-Oct-03 o(D tr L) 22-Oct-03 F ts 5-Nov-03

l9-Nov-03

3-Dec-03

17-Dec-03

31-Dec-03 1-Jan-04

15-Jan-04 29-Iat04 l2-Feb04 E oa 26-Febl04 El t! l1-Mar-04 H r-t ur Itllrl 25-M^r-04 B3 ttl x ln I 8-Apr-04 tfi | 22-Apr-04 tE I Itr | 6-May-0/- o 1E I lFl I t(! | 20-May-04 tt(D tB I E t'c, I 19 to I af 3-Jun-04 E tD I r.t tG I (D 17-Jup04 It le I 1-Jul-04 trtll F (D lsl l5-Jul-04 .) tollo l - 29-Jul-04 t9 tll-l tl 12-Aug-04 tr ttl E tll r.l ttl 26-Avg-04 o lFgl tF| I EI t(D I t! tc) | 9-Sep04 F Itt I Fl 23-Sep04 tJ tR I c) lo 5 Irt 7-Oct-04 2l-Oct-04 l-lLB I tl 4-Nov-04

18-Nov-04

2-Dea-04

16-Dec-04

30-Dec-04 l-Jan-05

l5-Jan-05

29-Jan-05

l2-Feb-05 t4 26-Feb-05 c€l Fl l2-lvlar-05 t,D t-t I g\ tl 26-l{ar-05 ?l 3 I t9x EI 9-Apr-05 F? EI x 23-Apr-05 x HI It trt 7-May-05 o+ Pl F.l I (Dl 2l-May-05 (! lt ttl t9 ol BI 4-Jun-05 Ft trl t! 18-Jun-05 te 6l al a tDl F 2-Jul-05 E oql F Fl ol o ol l6-Jul-05 E ol 30-Jul-05 p I I o tr tl I l3-Aug-05 trtrl II o rl 27-Aug-05 !n Fg (Dl tD ol l0-Sep-05 rt3 rtl 24-Sep-05 t\) Ftl o ol tto trl 8'Oct-05 glEI 22-Oct-05

, ,l 5-Nov-05

19-Nov-05

3-Dec-05

l7-Dec-05

3l-Dec-05 ft@ I hc li:;rni on thc Sunsirin(: C.o.rsi

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

APPENDIX E

WATER CONSUMPTION

ftf'**Raw-- -l hc ftc;rri on tht'Sunslrin<-: C,r:;rst

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

APPENDIX F

HARD AND SOFT CONSERVATION MEASURES IN THE SURVEYED B.C. MUNICIPALITIES G ri. .g .ct t-.U

:i! .9-g Y o (f tt ri, sl-g F!6

.1 s

:<

o6 G (\| ri. o ,o tg

q o

a o o

o

J

=b z{J

x

'g 6 o : "9 v fr H$ t 6 Table F-2 (b)

lTotal R6soonse6: Zil I

' Rational tor ConEeNation -'other": 1 . Regional District of Bulldey-Nechako - 'more equilable distribution of costs"

-

Oaylon Klont t|d. (! (? lra -e ll FC'

aE t 'e :4 g o o6 tl (? llI {) .o (E F

x J 5 v Table F 3 (c)

lTotal Reapons€s: 94 I

' Rational {or Conservation - "other": 1. Coquitlam, City ot - 'parl of regional slrategy' 2. Kelowna, City of - 'to rgdues sewer llows" 3. Mission Distficl ol . "conservation measutes tollowed are geneally those sot by the Fraser Valley Regional District Watet Commission" -water 4, Montrose, Vlllage ol - conservalion" 5. Pouce Coupe, Village ot - "cost"

Dayton Knight Lld. tt cilt TL .9 ll(!

= q, t? ll. g ..t ag

ao .9 Y c Table F-3 (f)

lTolal BesDons6; 94 |

' Balional for Cgnseavalion - 'othot': 1. Coquitlam, Ciiy ot "'!ad ol teoional strategy' 2. Kelowna. City ol - 'to tedue sewer fklws' 3- Mission Oistrici ol - 'css€ilails m€asurs lollowed are gsnerally those set by the Fraser Valley Regional Oislricl Watsr Commi$ion' 4. Mmlrose, Vdlaoe ol - 'water cmseruatis' 5. Pouce Coupe, Village ol' 'ffii'

Daytm Knight Ltd. o qt ri. -9Il Frs

a c Y c go o tl T IL g o g

a

o d + ftr;r,€//R""r, t h,: Fe:rrl on the Sunshinc C.oast

CITY OF POWELL RIVER WATER USE EFFICIENCY STUDY

APPENDIX G

WATER USE EFFICIENCY BROCHURES FROM OTHER B.C. MUNICIPALITIES v'hrrrrrr F rlh d€n &i*ing vdr b youn b ul YOU CAN DO TO SAVE ;;-i.-tta ti b trttr.' l/r bo rolxf,b. f}THINGS [iLti'*,.1o tid. dstond o litdrcommn N THE BATHRooM :corcwi[ mobo b'rg dfi.,lrc1 TwnrER _..r_ Folorforq $c ripl in *ir loldr ccn rore Stot ton& ;iEiffi ;*t)- in r,r:ry heulhold. lhdr - t Clr&vcrrtdlrrlcrbclcfutq dfi, *fl.st&f So broba.. llpr tr udrr {lag I lild. looddlxinehrorrlqtlbdt r, h pur orn h?tm, tir$rl.W. ltF, 5 r 5 I uor|d ;l[*ldtJtits,]rrridorbrgit{r- . bring Yr!$.d otqnifu. G., |Pd lP. YOU oaoan h *n 5owl, mr lnr o lst hri THINGS lfi"iJ b. np.i.d-iinn ddt CAN DOTO , r"H#!SS#ffi.,", USE WATER... gr - ft,.hoa.ood.hr, Ixidftnr, o*tt dt bil of tsh' )'o.r v'ub lin b AND USE IT PREVENT rrrngoloordu*. l&ldc Abs$ ino edloly WATER WASTE ,3 Hrdr$urrlgc r.**rin ilhrlrr wlsEtY 6 rho.bttltffir. Irmofl*rw*drYoowr vorr tcilllurlr llrm ir rP-nrrd t 7 F#rsffiftah*"if ti&h$ l,ng,hol lirrwrsh$.&L f,Jl I&drcr$cu* o bdrc dxrrirr conxr.b $rrlIr C&ol llr tE;i* L. lhf vilr hr 4 ar&nrr lh0fou 8 of*sar*r. Il&uflrirrrYorr rnrv unrr&d or rtrdr€ vtf. And rh*rr r lrr lior i ldgo b tooP uP. blqdr hdo".l gc|h&m,('tdth|.ofr. [rb;xdf&. fndur*rcrig*ffih.!& Cf.&htdod*-LtL& hod.u. 6rr*.rldd&ipfiriown crl{tlo'?ott c fiop-rririic Yd l*C dFcatEb2ocmgehnro 5 c pfnfip upy'Y don +*lF inqo' I 1$rtrrrrnmu}toY ri|.wtsstin durrlrldl|r dt b-b&crrohidr& nrltl *nlmrrqlrhd. g Eltl I T E I a t .! i ls E lillE E II flt EffiIgiEtlir E$*$sE$afn$ tl tuiEst ERl$tI g!

ei E E rii g

HEgrE sEs$Eigss EigEEllglt**i*ttEr ss

tA 8 E g g

B H F P t3 F*iiii*glisEiituEit 6 s*giaatisiiEiiiill

E$E

pEA H EH $ x hiiiEg Egsfut$gfiiiti E llfuEliiEE'ffr T I .aa{ tl Iil iIi 5l $|i Ji 'o iffr Iii ;l iiL '6 T€I tu$$h t.z lt) \o € N OrOI (J .:) ft E !q+ $ .o tlt ii:t* i:Egl 9\E irt rt *55 J 6-E.F{ (a -vfeta :a- o a r- -: - F6-E- roc :g t 5I EI I E:PE, -Ft ^ --- o I - : - E l:f a.? a1E<->'gQo -trt Fg: =t*rI . : ?' -d--E E-=_: €ET atriolt -e.;- !r !.=EQs9 = t I'i5 € &*€ 9* I gfg, -<;.riE56.Er.t{ '; -g! I:.r6X} ii,li .€t:lEir tar5tE E{ TJ.g r-6| ct .f

-n'T'-==' lr| PlfiiI 3z I o< 8E z? 8= 3:E I .9 oF ! .:I tf 9* .It I {It€ ==a EI t-! b! t€ $ 5lt st $fi* $i i$ ffi \o l- 6t 61t tkarO =93 Watar Cgtservilioa:

Do only full loads of larn&y;

Keep a jug of cold water in the fridge rnstead ofnlnning ths tap..

Wat€r the laun oa resfiictcd days only. ,unc I to Scptcmbcf 30: Od&numbercd r€ridcoccs may lrdd s o0a'umtprod &1ar, and svto'nunbsed resid€occe oo cvcnomb€rcd d4yr. Ttg.bcS tinc o uratcr is earg h eo norning clas iatha crrcqi[g $rtcotto anporation ratc isthblou,E6t. Fororarylo: Betweeo5- t amand 7 - 9pqn.

t :' t/

cnroFPARK9Vw,4E tua* MMi 2$.6144

(/\t (.G-A) Plcaso rccpb this brcchurc. Dqring the past fcwycars, the resid€,nts in Parlaville bave b€en using more' and more watet. This puts a larga demand on ourwat€r supply.

This is n exaaplc ofope ofowrwavoin.

fr to.

, fui you see tre dnaatic dop in &e'watalevel &dng tho .gymne?l ,.

IMatsr conservation is Consbning water is thc ouly way we aeo oontinuc to live hcre and use the existing water supply. (

l06tlfE7moporc;o9rr . ..rr^vr.t4rroFoat 08!l'oNlp|,ed uqpPqrtslDr^.|? irntr oolc:rAl|lro otvd . awF+EWISEWAEIaN 39VrSOC'S'n '9UOfEOU+l.lCtr{ pslMrepl ; lth,terV;Altser,Usei ;Q oa Thg Wata EfficiencY Abaringtwttso d*Wb*kn H$Yott. WholWaffiffiirc Scl,virrts Gan tnrodxin Woftlfrr If \ifil.. ffid-tct YovFrrpcd? Cloidronr Outrinply,- fg4 rnlqll ljonnUon rqrc 6r $ai uriowurt I n& en qr lm'Ld lvdr mrsourd$fintind*dnry- l. . lhdncw,ornCa Drt[Lne.lntrt irrrlls*anf lr*ui.d iillUrrt odrbrv*rul h6bnG? loo*rqatttt*, qFilfff, i$rnaioulidr whm!+tftfwbr o R&n* cunr tp ll&Oq, . Amotdrdh;lt:clphi.. . q cLdroiart+o -'e llrdrnradto oullvlml|g . f&mahpo&* 'i of ir U.S duonrnrrtd mraro &ttq trtJ $. r Foa*r* Arnkn Wrri \[bdo traCsn lror omao] opl f '&-*'lfir.af"-b&&n dbb.lt Frrniln r f,bd :ryicrr wrl b. eo,r&d hr no dqr hr rcrr rviqr rwa br r.* rf,pirq iSrmdorr wil lro,ro nq*ddlon' Cturo l'&5ltF?E55atd bc lrf wilr prrtdt Sdrtryw..t'n, q Waffilso' l/lernvEffurr;h HowGanYwGaViaurWisq lr boi 4i&rg eita.,r".r- u- id.to. s*'-c hfiotlrnallotr? ard vuw* lrcr:f oprdon* €on:ruftn . oritddslhrror l. Cd. roffi". o l.Soslt9-9sllt frt ikn dcir Sdocyirr*Lmqr rrrocf',ff-, idrdtrgB

W! tlo oldf ddr*m |rbGotd rwit trh u*lh hr$vifr you od fip i*mdJdtir-ddlsice ].lat nb Cry7 { nr.r'dadt tdcst'r{nnrnrsrwrdr lJ&.. -qrgr'Con crd*if .fid.trcy o* : et sb-t- t.r800559-985t ,ln. r^IFof 7esl.. illAd0$

..ttr.t .^. a ... . 6i-..- a@a6la Oths qls ftr nftdrg wrw rurgp, A Comumel's Gulde b l. Use a broom instead of a hose to Waler Consennfion clean drivamys, walks and patios.

L lftep grass at least two inctres high to shade roots and hold moisture.

3.Aerate lawru regularly a{rd rse mulch around planb to reduce evaporation.

4. Water trees slorrly, deeply, and infrequently !o encoura€€ deep rooting.

5. Visit WbterlMsef,the wat€r effi ciency clearinghouse at www.waterutiser.org.

Nmm*wo**od'oo @ tr,r**nccrclcdhecr IandscapinE is a rnajor consumer l.lllabr h tte cu'ly momhg of residential water. What can pu or wuttg do to reduce outside water ffyou sprinklg your lawn under consumpfion without sacrifi cing the hot rnidday sut, you'll lose as an athactive landscape? muctr as 30 percent of your water to wapontion.

I Senrcral $olt werlg seshnt ue beffier thrn a slngh long om. lawns can only absorbwater so fasl lt's better to water Your lawn for three l0 minute sessions-with each session a half- hour apart-than it is to water . steadily for 30 minutes and caue run-off.

l. BethryetJerleopei. Iariscapirg is waterwise land- scapinE that stresses proper soil preparatior5 efficient inigatiorb and the use of water stingy plants. and a look. For homeowners, it means less Contactyour local greenhouse or

maintenance, lowerwater bills, . unter utility for rnore informatioru

Xql@ ts s tdsndt utrd by Mw Wotu "I:.'.i-

.:'..1

I '"-:- ' Also aYdhuc ttmugh the R.tlonC Dbtrict of ihnaimo gr tho follouhS brochrf,€si"

TUmdlbrlilcrlrr{il'.' :' :.'' - Reduce Yafd Wgste i Gtss dbg|r{3t mrd ol'fic rrrp nbLttl . trs 6asy to &'ard wt|$ tflmdm bryou lafrnt. .. h tft*m ptocphootn, Fottrlon lnbtmaton9rs. & Save Watert hrid Ls|tuubr* , rrE-. CSpphF lq{t m $. Luntt r.. . 800,6560' , tthyOrs*$o?^---^.,^l- ad Dofrguttt . lt s ocryl.Gr8sqdod o[pCnt. d|s00a. lnbyors i tbU |lhac ft|Ula,UlEilt{ tnlc tre|g|b 95{€792 lil.n .nd lo&e ['looffi11 tibattU rnd ge{r b}outlilnstptdom9ocs.' ptltlctiht . morc n d.to co[.ct}orll&$ dbFg db*{r n Fb.i..b r|d looBdF|rhrt Il conrpoltrg s dlepoc.l. . -;l Gnib dpdl5r rldpo rldgr locitm(Eh' Savc tlmcl mna.d6r - 8 hDctit fu 'r/0| ffrtw J ' Yqrorrnihrc.trgrrowtdtln F{ rdlcooneluo||d.tnot|hcrt Ot B*ldtd on ldn'bt'wr. 35il b.calrr lt trc '. iEffi 'DrrucrRbooxl, ,otr ailn3 Drsrddild*m: 8rr.xn , s!'[lr{ADo

rrt t-I. N F. b g = S 6/ s H q sF s Hs u N s pS

s E a { t u c l x H € Et ir 5a t{t e, It s VI ttc ii il idlri siig b E Eg r{t g I EE )p E g io v\ $$ € g$ $* tI EB siii3$ #1i* ooillE* sill

+ o s

sB6- rt fr =EE-XH frB gEigHs fi EEg$ IiE*EiiiltEEfuf&gi$t.

g g q o I ! =6.- 9. ! :B*E=gJA $B ,fr sffiit,ffi?,f'Ei, (54