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Public Disclosure Authorized Statement on Environmental Impact Assessment of Lijiang.Compreheiisive Treatment Project in Guilin City, Guangxi Zlihiang Auitonomotus Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Comnpilicr:Chiinese Rcscarchi Academyof Environmewtal Sciences Ccrtificatc Grade: A Certificate NLlumiber:NEPA Ap 0901 Compiling Timc: April, 1997
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V -if fth 45. .E Statement on Environmental Impact Assessment of Lijiang River Comprehensive Treatment Project in Guilin
Compiler of the assessment:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences President: Chen Fu (professor) Persons in charge of the item: Jin Xiangcan (director,professor) C-aoHongfa (director,professor) MainParticipants and their qualification: Name Subject Division Qualification Specialty lin Xiangcan Professor Water environment Cao Hongfa Professor Environmental ecology Liu Shufen Analysis on the environmental impact Professor Environmental Chemistry during construction Li Junqi Measures on the environmental impact Senior professor Environmental Chemistry during construction Xu Nanni Alternativeplants and Nature Senior engineer Water environment environmcnt Ban Ling Public participationand demolishing and Senior engineer Environmental plan removalworkl Fu Guo Water environmentalimpact assessment Engineer Environmcntal hydraulics Gao Jixi Soild wastesenvironmental assessment Senior engincer Environmentalecology Hu Bibin Engineering analysis recognition of engineer Environmcntalengineer environmentfactors Ye Chun Measures on noise during construction Enginecr Environmentalengineer Xu Dongchu Atmosticcnvironmental impact assessment Scrior engineer Environmentalmanagement Zhu Fangben Noise environmentalimpact assessmcnt Senior engineer Environmental management Lu Wuili Environmentalmonitoring Scnior engineer Environmental monitoring Liao Yegui Invistigationand assessment os exisitine Senior engineer Environmental monitoring environmental quality Li lianguo Managementand monitoringplan Scnior engineer Environmental engineer Yang Xun Investigationand asscssment of existing Engineer Watcr Environment environmentalquality Pan Guangnan Investigationand assessmcnt of cxisting Engineer - Environmental monitoring cnvironmental quality Wan Fangmei Investigationand assessmcnt of existing Senior enginecr Environmcntal engineer cnvironmental quality
Monitoring participation Liu Xingyao Zhangfeiyan Bimingmin Zhou Li He Xiaoqin Wang Shaojic Xu Fudi Ceng Guangying Li Wei Zhang Chaochong Lv Chunli Mu Ling Tan Huanrong Huang Xinwei Li Chunhui Liu Shijuan Jiang Hongbin Yao Yikai Ilu Pinghui Li Ruobi Li Youling Mo Ying Huang Jiang Yang Ziluo Zhou cheng Li Yong bei Ning Guiling Zhao Yongsheng Huang Jidong Tang Shiyou Liu Sanchang Chcn Jing Geng Zhangdi Liu Guizhen Jiang Yongdong Huang Yueming Shi Jiangmin Chen Wei Shu Zhongxiang Liu Yimin Zhou Hanying Sun Yilan Cheng Fcngfa Yv Fengying Tan Jiangxiu Zhang Guohua Li Weneheng Li Kangqiang Deng Tinghui Wang qong E Penxu Content Executive summary
I. PREFACE ...... I
1.1 PURPOSEOF THIS ASSESSMENT...... I 1.2 BASISFOR TIIE COMPILINGO01 EIA ...... 3 1.3 SCOPESTANDARD AND SCtlEDULE OF THEASSESSMENT AND TARGETS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION...... -- 4 1.4 CONTENTAND KEY POINTS OF THE ASSESSSNIENT ...... 7 1.5 MAIN TECHNIQUES AND MEASURES ADOPTED IN THE ASSESSMENT...... 9 1.6 INSTITUTION AND PERSONNELOF THE COMPILING F THE ASSESSMENT...... 10
2. GENERAL SITUATION OF THE PROJECT TO USE THE LOAN ...... I 1
2.1 BASIC SITUATION OF THE PROJECT...... I I 2.2 TECHNOLOGICALPROCESS ...... 13 2.3 MAIOR lPOLLUTIONSOURCES AND THE DISCHARGE OF POLLUTANTS ...... 14 2.4 ARRANGEMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION...... 15 2.5 MAIOR ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTON MEASURES...... 15 2.6 FINANCtALESTIMATES OF THE PROJECT...... 17 2.7 BRIEFINTRODUCTION TO ITSSUBPROJECTS ...... 17
3. GENERAL SITUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE AREA WHERE THE
PROJECT IS TO BE CONSTRUCTED--...... -...... -. 27
3.1 GENERALENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION OF TIlE AREAOF THE PROPOSEDPROJECT .27 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF ntE AREA AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJCT .35 3.3MONITORING OVER EXISTING ENVIRONMENTOF THE AREA INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT.47
4. PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND CONTROLLINGMEASURES.....__ 60
4.1 RECOGNITIONAND SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFECTING FACTORS TO BE ASSESSED. 60 4.2 ANALYSISOF ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT .62 4.3 DIViSioN OF THE FUNCTIONS OF GUILIN CITY AND THE CONTROL OVER THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF POLLUTANTSDISCHARGED INTO THE LUIANG RIVER . 64 4.4 PREDICTION OF THE PROJECT'S ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT DURING ITS CONSTRUCTION.71 4.5 PREDICTION ON THE IMPACT OF THE LUIANG COMPREHENSIVETREATMENT PROJECT DURING ITS OPERATION.80 4.6 ANALYSISON THE IMPACTOF OLDBUILDING DEMOUISH AND tNHABITANT REMOvAL .123 4.7 RIsK ANALYSIS.125L 4.8 MEASURES AND COUNTERMEASURESTO ELIMINATE OR RELIEVE NEGATIVE IMPAC .128
5. ALTERNATE PLANTS------.-. _ __ 133
I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Guilin is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at I 10°13'--10°40'E and 24`39'--25°22'N, 336 km from Nanning, capital of the autonomous region. It has a total area of 565km', of which urbanarea accounts for 54km2 and suburbs 511m 2. Under its jurisdiction are also two counties: Yangshuo County and Lingui County, whose areas are respectively 1,428kM2 and 2,202km2 . In January of 1979 the State Council has designated Guilin City as a national key scenic tourist city, and in February of 1982 the city was declared as a national historical cultural city. Its unique limestone landscape, peak forests as well as solitude peaks, karst topography and caves form "number one beautiful scene in the world'. The Lijiang River meanders through the mountains from the north to the south. "The reflection of the peaks on the water seems to be floating while all the mountains and the water form a fairly land." Its natural beauty has solicited endless praise from generations of writers and poets since ancient times. The new Guilin today has attracted numerous tourists from home and abroad, promotingthe development of the city's tourism. The government of Guilin City and Guilin Region is planning to replenish with diversing water the Lijiang River and protect it's dikes, improve domestic refuse treating system and waste water collecting system and built waste water treating plants. The Guilin Lijiang Environmental ComprehensiveTreating Project includes the subproject of water replenishment of the Lijiang River, the subproject of waste water treating system in Guilin City and the subproject of domestic refuse disposing system in Guilin City. It is an important environrnental protection project for the Guilin City's environment and ecoenvironznentof the Lijiang River, which will diverse water into the Lijiang River 2,666 billion M3/a, dispose refuse 500 t/d and collect waste water 50,000 m3/d during the operation.
1. Main content and investment of the proposedproject
- See Table 2.1 for their main cruteit and scale.
t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5.1 MAIN ALTERNATEPLANTS ...... 133 5.2 ALTERNATEPLANTS FOR TH£EGUILIN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPREHENSIVE TREATING PROJECT AND COMPARISONBETWEEN THEM ...... 133
6. ANALYSIS ON THE BENEFIT OF THE LIJIANG RIVER COMPREHENSIVE...... 143
6.1 ANALYSISON ITS SOCIALBENEFIT. 143 6.2 FINANCIALANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT. 145 6.3 ANALYSISON NATIONALECONOMY OF PROJECT ...... ,.,., 149 6.4 ANALYSIS6N ENVIRONMENTALBENEFIT OF THEPROJECT ...... 149
7. PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 152
7.1 SETTINGUP OF ENVIRONMENTALPROTECnON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. 152 7.2 MEASURESFOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. 153 7.3 ENVIRONMENTALMONITORING PLAN .154
8. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ._.-...... - .156
8. I AIMAND PURPOSE ...... 156 8.2 METHODSOF INVESTIGATION. 156 8.3 SCOPEOF INVESTIGATION. 156 8.4 SUBJECTOF INVESTGATION. 157 8.5 METHODOF rNVESTIGATION...... 157 8.6 ANALYSISON THERESULTS OF INVESTIGATION. 157
9. CONCLUSION AND PROPOSAL ...... -.--.-.-...... 161
9.1 ExISTINGENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY . 161 9.2 THIEFACTOR OF PROJECT'SENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ...... 162 9.3 ASSESSMENTON ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT DURING ITS CONSTRUCTION. 162 9.4 ASSESSMENTON ENViRONMENTALIMPACT DURING ITS OPERATION. 163 9.5 TilE ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT OF BUILDINGREMOVAL AND INHABITANTS RESETTLEMENT . 164 9.6 BENEFITOF THE LIJIANGRIVER COMPREHENSIVE TREATING PROJECT .164 -9.7 PUBLICPARTICIPATION ...... 164
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Guilin is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at I I0°l3'--1 10°40'E and 24o39'--2522'N, 336 km from Nanning, capital of the autonomous region. It has a total area of 565km2, of which urban area accounts for 54km2 and suburbs 511iM 2 . Under its jurisdiction are also two counties: Yangshuo County and Lingui County, whose areas are respectively 1,428kM2 and 2,202km2. In January of 197-9the State Council has designated Guilin City as a national key scenic tourist city, and in February of 1982 the city was declared as a national historical cultural city. Its unique limestone landscape, peak forests as well as solitude peaks, karst topography and caves form "number one beautiful scene in the world'. The Lijiang River meanders through the mountains from the north to the south. "The reflection of the peaks on the water seems to be floating while all the mountains and the water form a fairly land." Its natural beauty has solicited endless praise from generations of writers and poets since ancient times. The new Guilin today has attracted numerous tourists from home and abroad, promotingthe development of the city's tourism. Tlhe government of Guilin City and Guilin Region is planningto replenish with diversing water the Lijiang River and protect it's dikes, improve domestic refuse treating system and waste water collecting system and built waste water treating plants. The Guilin Lijiang Environmental Comprehensive Treating Project includes the subproject of water replenishment of the Lijiang River, the subproject of waste water treating system in Guilin City and the subproject of domestic refuse disposing system in Guilin City. It is an important environmental protection project for the Guilin City's environment and ecoenvironment of the Lijiang River, which will diverse water into the Lijiang River 2,666 billion m3/a, dispose refuse 500 t/d and collect waste water 50,000 m3/d during the operation.
1. Main content and investment of the proposed project
- See Table 2.1 for their main content-andscale. Table 1 Main Content of the Lijiang River Comprehensive Treatment Project Subproject Main Content of Engineering Investment I.Water a. Water replenishment works for the Wulixia Reservoir average 165.510.000 repienishment capacity 86.2 million m3/a. Nan canal long is 0.392 km (new), Bei yuan for the Lijiang River canal long is 23.1 km and one power swtion. b. Water diversion works at the Xiaorongjiang Rivcr average capacity 126 million m'la, dam, water diversion tunnel (7.9km) two power- stations, and raft passage (long 178.8km.wide 4.0m) c. Protection dikes of the Lijiang River. 44.5km 2. Domestic refuse a. Chongkou relusc landfill SOOtId.In stagc one refuse landftll with 54.010,000 disposing system the capacityof yuan (a) Leakage preventing works (First stage) (b) Dams (c) Waste water collecting and disposing system (d) Waste gas collecting and disposing system b. 35 refuse transit stations 3. City waste water a. Waste water tmating project of urban areas of Guilin City (the 318,270,000 treating system North District and Qingtan District) covering an area of 56.34km2 yuan with a popultion of 640,000; waste water intercepting projects, pumping stations, and waste water treating plant. b. Waste water treating project in the Xicheng district of Guilin East District and West District) covering an area of 21km2 with a population of 150.000.waster water intercepting projects, waster water treating planL
2. Main pollution sources and their discharging of pollutants for the proposed project
2.1 Major pollution sources during the construction ofthe project The construction of the project will last a long period of time, involves a large range and requires a large amount of earthwork, and some of the construction sites are located in the central part of the city. Thus it will have some unfavorable impact on the environment, inhabitants and public traffic of the city. a. Construction noise Excavating machines and other machines and transportation vehicles used will produce certain noise to affect people's life and rest nearby. b. Construction raised dust Raised dust is an important pollution element in construction that will affect the atmospheric quality. The level of raised dust varies greatly depending on the season of construction, soil type, and construction administration. c. Garbage The storing, transportation, and disposal of domestic garbage and construction garbage will have some impact on the city's environrent and ground water if not handled properly
it d. Traffic jamns A large amount of transportation will be needed for the construction of the project. Laying of pipelines will destroy part of the roads. All these will affect the city's traffic and cause trafficjams.,
2.2 Major pollution sources during the operation of the project a. The refuse landfill will have certain impact on ground water. b. Foul smells produced bv the garbage burial ground and waste water treating plants included in the project wvillhave some impact on inhabitants-nearby. c. In case there is an accident in the waste water treating plant, large amount of waste water discharged will have much impact on the water quality of the Lijiang River and other receivingwater bodies. d. Noise produced by waste water plants and pump stations will have impact on the surrounding environment e. Impact caused to areas from which water will be drawn because of the decreased environmentalcapacity
3 Existing environmental quality
3.1 Quality of water environmental The monitored data from 1991 to 1994 and 1996 for this project show that the present water quality of the Lijiang River is good, most index are within the standard of Grade II surface water environment, up to the requirement of first class protected water, that is concentrateddrink-ing water sources and for the protection of rare fish species. But certain items such as coli and petroleum exceeded the standard in 1991- 94; DO is a little too low. And that of NH3-N exceeded the standard of Grade II water by a big margin. As a whole water quality of the Lijiang river is good, but the trend of the change of water quality reveals worse from Dahe section to Jingpinshan section, it was affected by the discharge of domestic waste water and non-point rescue. The Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Ningyuan River and the Nanxi River are not meet the standard for Grade III water, after 1994, it is deteriorating along with the development of pollution. The index of coli and petroleum seriously exceed the standard for Grade III water. The index of coli, petroleum, CODM,,BOD, N02 -N and NH3-N all exceeding the standard for Grade III in all tributes. The trend of the change of water quality reveals that the water quality of the Xiaodong River and the Taohua River has been deterioratingrapidly. The water environmentalquality of the two water drawing places is fairly good. Assessment with the standard for Grade II water, Hg and petroleum in the Xiaorongjiang River is lightly-polluted,that of coli polluted. The concentration of T-
iii N in the water of the Wulixia Reservoir is somewhat fairly high while other items do not exceed the standard for grade 11water. The total area of good and fairly god underground water in the surveyed area was accounting for 90% of the total. The area of fairly poor underground water was accounting for 2.4% of the total, mainly distributed along Wucheng-Ximen Rice Flour Mill-brewery; along No.3 Pharmaceutical Factory-WanfutanDairy and Yaotou area.
3.2 Solid waste The total amount of domestic refuse produced was 131,000t in 1993, of which 120,000t was transported away and 65,000t treated to be harmless. Industrial solid waste in Guilin City was well handled and under good management, because the adoption of the policy of comprehensive utilization. Impact of solid waste in Guilin is mainly caused by domestic refuse. Because the capacity of harmless treatment is far from enough, its pollution to water, soil and the atmosphere, and lack of transporting capacity and transit stations is becoming more and more outstanding. Besides, there is industrial solid waste.
3.3 Quality of atmospheric environment The average daily concentration of SO2 and NOx (in 1991-1994) was not exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere and TSP not exceeding the standard for Grade II atmosphere. But the average daily maximum concentration of SO2 , NOx and TSP was exceeding the standard for Grade I and Grade II. The concentration of TSP was exceeding the standard for Grade II according the monitoring of the project's area in 1996, and the maximum exceeding rate was 80%. the quality of atmospheric environment was good on the area of replenishmentproject.
3.4 Acoustic environmental quality of the Guilin region Traffic and daily life noise are main environmental noise sources in Guilin. The road equivalent noise intensity exceeded 3dB(A) for standard of "Urban environmnentalnoise standard"-diuringdaytime, and the length of was 44.83km taking up more than 78% of the total length of roads. The area wherc.the average equivalent noise intensity exceeded 7OdB(A)during daytime was 8.06%; that exceeding 6OdB(A) 39.51%; that exceeding 55dB(A) 68.95% in 1994. This was reveals that the noise pollution was serious in Guilin City, so noise will have impact on people's life. The traffic and local noise was not exceeded standard on the area of replenishment project by monitoring in 1996.
iv 4 The factor of project's environmental impact
The negative impact of the project is basically during the construction of the project, of short term, reversible and local, while positive impact is basically during its operation, of long term and extensive. So after the project is completed and put into operation the major impact will be favorable, though there will be local unfavorable impact. 1. Raised dust and noise will have impact on the atmospheric quality and people's life. The laying of pipelines and the construction of water drawing tunnels, the collecting and transporting of constructionrefuse will have much impact. 2. Refuse landfill will have impact on ground water and inhabitantsnearby. But as a whole the project is an environmentalproject with remarkable benefit.
4.1 Assessment on environmentalimpact during its construction This is a comprehensive environrnental treatment project involving industrial waste water, domestic sewage, solid waste, water replenishing,. It involves a large scale and will last a fairly long time. A numrberof machines shall be used and large amounts of garbage, backfilling earth, and construction material shall be piled for some time. So noise, foul smell, traffic jams, secondarypollution and so on will affect the city's landscape and people's life. 1. Noise will be produced in different stages of construction. Measuresshould be taken to avoid constructionat night. 2. It is better to transport away sand and pollutants directly. Care should be taklen in loading to avoid droppings and prevent pollutants from touch the ground. Construction should be carried out in a civilized way to prevent secondarypollution. 3.. Transportation should have covers and construction sites should have enclosures. and water should be sprinkled on piled earth and bottom clay dug up so as to reduce the impact of raised dust. Managementshould be strengthenedto shorten the construction period. 4. Transportation needed for the construction should avoid rush hours so as to reduce its impact on the city's traffic. 5. Management of temporarily piled construction material and bottom clay should be strengthened to reduce possible secondarypollution, The above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree.
4.2. Predictionon the environmentalimpact of eachsubproject 1.The Lijiang Riverwater replenishing project
v (I )Noise and vibration caused by the construction Noise and vibration during the construction come mainly from the digging of earthwork in the area of the dam and tunnel, the quarry, the mixing of concrete, and transportation. Vibration is produced at the same time during drilling and the operation of screeners, mixers, air compressors, and so on. It mainly affects the operating workers and construction workers. Proper shock-proof measures can reduce such impact. (2) Raised dust and atmospheric pollution Source oCraised dust and air pollution during the construction are mainly form: a. Tail gas discharged by vehicles and construction machines; b. Harmful substance produced by the explosion of powder; c. Raised dust during the digging, stone processing, concrete mixing and castaway matters transportation; and d. Smoke dust produced by the burning of coal for the construction. (3) Impact on the landscape The construction sites are in the hilly regions. The existing vegetation along the banks of the Lijiang River is fine. So care should be taken in construction to preserve natural vegetation for rational utilization. (4) Impact of the construction on the ecological environment Impact of the construction on the ecoenvironment is mainly destruction of certain vegetation. The reservoir will inundate some land, the construction of the power station, and the digging of the tunnel and extraction of earth and stones will pernanently change the vegetation and certain amount of forest will be felled. But the new water body is favorable to the improvement of the ecoenviomment. Timely aforestation of temporarily occupied land can help restore par t of the original ecosystem. To protect the ecoenvironment of the construction area, it is necessary to work out strict rules and regulations, to protect its natural ecosystem. Free felling of trees is not allowed and aforestation should be strengthened to reduce the project's negative impact and form a better environment. (5) Impact on traffic Construction material will be transported along trunk lies of highways, thus inevitably _ausing some traffic jams and adding much noise. So the trunk transportation routes should be widened and proper arrangement be made to avoid rush hours and transportation at night. Besides, trees should be planted along the transportation routes to reduce the impact of raised dust and harmful gases. (6) Impact on social economic activities Existing trunk tunnels within the construction area are important for irrigation. So the construction should avoid irrigation season so as to reduce its impact on agricultural production. And this is one of the reasons why the construction will last a long time. 2. Prediction on the construction of the dikes of the Lijiang River
vi (1) Impact of construction noise The construction of the dikes of the Lijiang River is mainly along the shoals of the river. Its main content is stone blocks laying. Noise is mainly from the mixing of mortar. Though the construction extends to a long line, the impact of the noise is small. And there is rarely any building within 50m from the dikes, so it can be considered there will be no noise sensitive areas. Only the construction workers will be affected. It is suggested the construction not to be carried out at night. (I) Impact on the landscape Building of temporary roads, digging of the base and temporarily occupied land will have certain impact on the landscape, especially because there are many scenery spots along the Lijiang River. many construction sites are within the view of tourists (including those on tourist boats). But such impact is temporary and most can be restored after the completion of the construction. Special care should be taken for certain part that is hard to restore the original landscape. (2) Impact on the ecoenvironment Protection of land ecosystem: Natural and artificially grown trees along the Lijiang River are an important part of the beautiful scenes and should be protected. Certain destruction of the vegetation is inevitable. The scope is determined by the designing and organization of the construction. So the following two problems should bc given special attention: eSpecial protection plans should be made with the participation of departments in charge of gardens and park to protect ancient tress and rare flowers and trees. Slip up in this will cause serious result. *Stone should not be taken from nearby mountains. Though taking stones from nearby quarries will be economical, the impact of such practicc is serious on the landscape and ecosvstem. So quarries shiould be strictly arranged beyond the protected area of the ecosystem. 3. Domesticrefuse disposing system (1) Impact of thc noise on the environment The refuse landfill at Chongkou is far away from concentrated living quarters and is over I km away from he nearest inhabitantpoint separated from it by a mountain. So the noise will not affect surrounding environment. (2) Impact of the construction of refuse landfill on vegetation Existing vegetation will be destroyed and part of the surrounding areas will be affected by raised dust and will be trampled. The site is now covered by pine forest (27ha), waste land and farmland (67ha). The fine trees are not well grown except a few sections. (3) Analysis on construction raised dust
vii As the site of the refuse landfill is local in a half-closed valley, the raised dust of its construction will not be spread out to cause much impact on surrounding areas. But at its outlets, trees should be planted before the construction begins and encircled to reduce the impact scope of raised dust. The impact of construction machines will largely depend on the way of construction. Civilized construction will keep the area to be trampled to the minimum. (4) Analysis on the impact of construction garbage Certain amount of castaway earth and stones will be produced during the construction of the refuse landfill in Chongkou., but as the site itself is a refuse disposal place,. So if properly handled and not to be thrown into surrounding farmland or water bodies, no pollution will be caused. Garbage transit stations are in the urban part of the city, so the disposal of construction garbage there should be handled with care according to concerned rules and regulations set by the city govemment. If transported away in time and enclose temporarily piled construction garbage to prevent it from being washed away. Thus pollution caused by it can be avoided. 4. Construction of the city's waste water treatment system (1) Prediction on the impact of waste water intercepting pipeline network laying Drilling machines, excavation machines, loading machines and vehicles will be used in the construction, whose noise intensity is 90-95dB(A). Jiashan High School, No. 8 High School, Zhangmu Primary School, Medical College and its branch school, Diyaun Hotel, Guishan Hotel, Ronghu Hotel, and the county government of Linggui, Linggui Country Hospital, County High School will be affected more or less in the construction of waste water intercepting system according to the standard set in "Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Construction". The construction of the waste water pipelinc network in Nanhu District will affect a small scope. The time of such impact will last about a month for each sensitive spot. As the conditions of climate, season and soil type of Guilin City is unfavorable for the production and spread of raised dust. Possible dry and windy weather in favor of raised dust is very limited. Possible environmental problems during the construction can be reduced by taking proper measures such as putting up enclosures around construction sites, avoiding transportation in rush hours, and strengthening the management and shortening construction period.
4.3 Assessment on environmental impact during its operation The project's envirornental impact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement of the water environment of the Lijiang River and its
viii tributaries and the ecoenvironment of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investment environment and promote its economic development. 1. Impact on the water environment of the Lijiang River The project including the subproject of water replenishment project for the Lijiang River, the subproject of domestic refuse disposing system and city waste water treating project will not only increase the water flow of the Lijiang River during low water season, but also cut its pollutants from the city's point and non-point source, playing an important role in protecting and improving the water environment and ecoenvironinent of the Lijiang River. Prediction finds out that without the project the concentration of BOD5 and CODMflat the section of Longmen will reach respectively 13.63mg/L and 13.26mg/L in 2015. The project can reduce the figures to 7.35mg/L and 7.10mg/L, that is CODw, will meet the standard for Grade IV water. But the project cannot make the water quality of the Lijiang River meet the standard for Grade II water as the waste water treating plants can only treat 60% of the total waste water discharged in 2015. The garbage collecting system and burial ground will greatly reduce non-point pollution source of Guilin City. This is also beneficial to the water quality improvement of the Lijiang River. The project will also improve the surface water and ground water of the city and its suburbs, radically changing the hygienic and ecological situation of the city. 2. Impact on the city's ecoenvironmnent Guilin City is a famous tourist city. The completion of the project can collect and dispose 5OOt/d of domestic garbage and treat 178,500tld of waste water, thus basically solve heavy pollution areas of the city, especially the central part of the city. 3. Impact on the atmospheric environment Domestic resuse disposing system can be seen that the highest once or highest average daily and annual values of thc concentrations of CH,. H2S, NH3 , and SO., all below ImgiM3, within the standard fro Grade 11set by the state. The operation of the refuse landfill will not have unfavorable impact on the urban part of Linggui County. As the frequency of small wind is high but with much bottom temperature inversion in the area assessed, the scope of the impact is within lkm. But the high humidity and high temperature will increase the -anount of CH, discharged as the gartage buried increases. So monitoring should be carried out within the rang of I Okm to avoid possible detriment. Waste water treating project of the city is the foul smell produced by waste water treating plants. But as the sludge produced is not of large quantity, its impact can be reduced to the minimum if timely transported away. Waste water treating plants are located in the leeward of the city, so there won't be much impact on the urban part of the city. In the planning of the city, however, attention should be paid to avoid developing living quaners or commercial quarters within the range of impact of waste water treating plants.
ix 4. Impact on the noise the project's surrounding areas Refuse disposal project's route along the highway including Renming Avenue in Linggui Town is already polluted by traffic noise, which will increase further. Transportation of garbage only adds 126 trucks every day, averaging only 16/h. The noise added by garbage transporting vehicles is only 0.3-0.4dB(A). So the strong noise intensity is mainly caused by other traffic vehicles and the load added by garbage transportation vehicles is not much. Pumping stations and waste water treating plants will produce some noise during their operation, but as separation belts are built around them, pumping stations are half underground, the noise impact is only limited to their borders and green belts. 5. Impact on ground water The major issues of the proposed refuse landfill are the prevention of leakage of the percolation leaching, the stability of concerned garbage dam and the geological engineering stability of the site. If artificial prevention is taken to meet the standard set by the state, the leakage of percolation leaching will be very too little to cause any meaningful pollution. Horizontal and vertical prevention shall be combined at the refuse landfill. Considering the actual local conditions, it is recommended to take horizontal prevention as the main measure supplemented by vertical prevention, 6. Impact on the environment of the areas where water is drawn away Water replenishment projects on the Xiaorongjiang River and the Wulixia Reservoir of the Lijiang River water replenishment project involve inter drainage and intra-drainage works. Artificial redistribution of water resources will bring water to areas where water is not enough, but there will be some new environmental impact on the areas where water is drawn out. The water replenishment works on the Xiaorongjiang River will cause some negative impact on the environment of the river's drainage area, concentrated in the segment from the dam to the river's outlet, that is the area where water is drawn out. The impact is of long term. Positive impact will be shown in the area where water is replenished, that is the Lijiang River. Favorable impact will be manifested mainly in the electricity produced by the Xiaorongjiang dam power station (2 x 55KW), and the improvement of traffic conditions. The water body of the XiaorongjiangReservoir can also be used to develop aquaculture. (I) Impact on the transportationor wood floating The drainage area of the Xiaorongjiang River has much forest, producing bamboo, Chinese fir and other timber. On the dam on the Xiorongjiang River a log-raft passage way 4m wide, 178.8m long is built. Raft can pass in normal way when there is flood once every five years. Navigating wall is built upper the inlet of the passage way and a adjustable sluice gate is built at the inlet to control the water level, so rafts can pass safely. The floating speed of wood will slow down after it enters the reservoir. At certain segment of the river, the rafts have to be helped or wait till the flow before the dam is
x increased. This happens along the 2.5km segment from the dam down to the outlet of a tributary. AS the added water flow is not much, sometime rafts will still met some barrier along the segment down the point. (2) Analysis on the potential impact on winter irrigation in the lower reaches of the Wulixia Reservoir After the works at the Wulixia is in operation, the water discharged in low water period will increase, benefit to the water quality of the Lijiang River. But the amount of water which can be consumed will be decreased. Then according to the present principle of water drawing of the project (when the Lijiang River needs water, water should be drawn first from the Wulixia Reservoir, and supplemented by water drawn from the Qingshitan Reservoir). The winter irrigation of the Wulixia Reservoir irrigated area is not taken into consideration. Even tunnels are dug and ground water potential tackled, there still will not be enough water for winter irrigation.
5 The environmental impact of building removal and inhabitants resettlement
The project has not an amount of building removal and inhabitants resettlement, but need take over land 218.6 ha and 317 surplus labor power would be properly arranged.
6 Benefit of the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project
The project will has good benefit, it's major benefit is that it will solve the problems of pollution and dust, so as to improve the environmnentalquality of the down town area, people's living conditions and water quality of the Lijiang River. This will improve investmentenvironment and tourist environment. The project requires a total investment of 557.5 million yuan (RMB) and has -some economic benefit, the profirts-from the waste water treating fee, water fee, electricity fee and collecting and treating fee of refuse, and tourist fee. The project's benefit is that this project improvesthe water and ecoenvironmentenvironment of the Lijiang River and urban ecoenvirorunentof Guilin City, so as to develop the tourist and the Guilin economic.
xi 7 Public participation
The public participation of the project involves the whole Guilin city, including Yangsuo county and Lingqui county, Lingchuan county and Xing'an county of Guilin region, so the scope of the investigation carried out included the area along the construction of engineering project. Institutions investigated included the People's Congress, the members of the political Consultative Conference especially farmers, ordinary inhibitions of the area affected by the project. The result showed that 90% of the investigated people supported the construction of the project, 95% of the inhabitants said they could understand the short impact of the construction of the project, if the removal of the houses and resettlement of the inhabitants are carried properly with proper policies, they will support the project of the prevail interest. To sum up the Lijiang River Comprehensive treating Project of Guilin is an environmental protection project will bring remarkable environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit. The project will impact environmental and inhabitants of the project's area during construction, but the above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree acceding the EIA statement. The project's environmental impact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement of the water environment of the Lijiang River and its tributaries and the ecoenvironment of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investment environment and promote its economic development.
xii 1. Preface
1.1 Purpose of this assessment The City of Guilin is locatedin the northeastof GuangxiZhuang Autonomous Region, at 1100 13'--1100 40'E and 24o39'--25' 22'N, 336 km from Nanning, capital of the autonomousregion. It has a total area of 565km2,of which urban area accountsfor 54km- and suburbs 51 Im2. Under its jurisdictionare also two counties:Yangshuo County and LinguiCounty. whose areas are respectively1,428km2 and 2,202km2.In Januaryof 1979the State Council has designated Guilin City as a national key scenic tourist city, and in Februaryof 1982 the city was declared as a national historicalcultural city. Its unique limestonelandscape, peak forestsas well as solitudepeaks, karst topography and caves form "number one beautiful scene in the world'. The Lijiang River meanders through the mountainsfrom the northto the south."The reflection of the peakson the waterseems to be floatingwhile all the mountainsand the water form a fairly land." Its natural beautyhas solicitedendless praise from generationsof writersand poets since ancient times.The new Guilin today has attracted numerous tourists from home and abroad, promotingthe developmentof the city'stourism. (See Fig. 1-1.) Guilin is a culturalcity with a historyof over 2,000 years. It is also a city undergoing reconstructionand furtherdevelopment. Because of historicalreasons, the functiondivision of the city is not clear and the distributionof its industriesis irrational.In orderto protectthe scenery resourcesof the city, the Guilin City Governmenthas decidedto shut down and merge someenterprises, to changethe productsof othersand stop productionof stillothers, to speed up the constructionof the city's infrastructuresuch as watersupply, drainage, road and afforestation,and to carry out comprehensivetreatment of the city's waste gas, waste waterand solid wastematters. Remarkable achievements have been made in all these fields. But because of lack of fund, the waste water treatmentand the rational utilizationof the water resources of the Lijiang River arc factors restraining the further developmentof tourismof Guilin. Flowingzigzag through Guilin City, the Lijiang River is the most importantwater resourcesof the city, supplyingmost of the water needed for people's life and the city's industries.Its main tributarieswithin the city's jurisdiction includethe Taohua River,the XiaodongjiangRiver, the NanxiRiver, and the LiangfengRiver. The clean wateredLijiang -River withthe greenpeaks and wondertullooking caverns and grottoesalong its banksis at the same time one of the most famoustourist attraction in China,where tourism has created a largeamount of wealth. But pollutionis gettingmore and more seriousalong with the developmentof industry, agriculture,and tourismand alongwith the increasingof urban population.Statistics shows that 113 million tons of waste water was dischargedinto the LijiangRiver in 1993,which contained106.8t of BOD5,5,520t of COD, 1,114t of SS, and 48t of petroleumdischarged by 90 factories.As a result, the Dongzhenluwater mill was forced to close down in January Wanuall~~~~~~~~~~~~~na
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IV Jnba Yanehu Nanbiangs 1994. The discharge of large amounts of waste water not only hinders the development of production and tourism but also directly threatens the life of hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of Guilin. In order to guarantee the sustained development of production and tourism and improve people's life quality, it is an urgent task to bring into control the city's industrial waste water and sewage and garbage of various kinds and to carry out comprehensive treatment of the Lijiang River. With the support of the central governmentand throughjoint efforts of the government and office in charge of environmental protection items using foreign loans of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the project of the comprehensive treatment of the Lijiang River has been entered into the list of the annual financial program of 1997 of the World Bank. The project is now in the stage of feasibility studies. The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences has been entrusted by the office of the government of the autonomous region in charge of item using loans from the World Bank to compile this statement of the project's environmentalimpact assessment. The purpose of this assessment is to predict and analyze the environmental impact of the project during its construction and operation based on the characteristics of the project and comprehensive assessment of the environment, so as to discuss and prove its technical feasibility and rationality in order to provide scientific basis for the decision making, designing and environmentaladministration of the project.
1.2. Basis for the compilingof EIA 1.2.1 Document Guohuan (86) 003 'Procedure of the Environmental Protection of Construction Program" by the National EnvironmentalProtection Agency; 1.2.2 Document Huajian (1993) 324 jointly issued by the Nation Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), the State Planning Commission,the Ministry of Finance, and the Chinese People's Bank "Notification for Strengthening the Administration over the Environmental Protection of Construction Items Using Loans from International Financial Organizations"; 1.2.3 Document Jitouzi (1994) 441 "Reply to thc Proposal by the State Planning Commission on the Construction of the Environmental Protection Project in Guangxi by Using Loan from the World Bank"; 1.2.4 Document Huanjian (88) 117 "Certain Opinions on the Environmental Administration of Construction Items"; 1.2.5 "Water Law of the People's Republicof China", 1988; 1.2.6 "Law of EnvironmentalProtection of the People'sRepublic of China", 1989; 1.2.7 "Certificate of Entrustmenton the Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Environmental Protection Project in Guilin issued by the office of loans from the World Bank in Guangxi Autonomous Region",Jan: 1996;
3 1.2.8 "Report on the Feasibility Studies of the Project of Waste Water Treatment of Guilin City", June 1996 by South-Central China Designing and Research Institute of Municipal Engineering; 1.2.9 "Report on the Feasibility Studies of the Project of Waste Water Treatment of Xibei Distract and Xicheng District of Guilin City", June 1996 by Shanghai Designing and Research Institute of Municipal Engineering; 1.2.10 "Designing Report on the Water Replenishment Project at Lijiang River in Guilin" by Prospecting and Designing Research Institute of Hydro-electric Engineering of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region June, 1996; 1.2.11 "Document of Preliminary Proof on Economy of the Water Replenishment Project at Lijiang River in Guilin" by Prospecting and Designing Research Institute of Hydro-electric Engineering of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region June, 1996; 1.2.12 Designing Document on Dike Protection Project of the Lijiang River" by Prospecting and Designing Research Institute of Hydro-electric Engineering of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, June, 1996; 1.2.13 "Report on the Feasibility Studies of the Project of Domestic Garbage Treating System in Guilin City" by Shanghai Designing and Research Institute of Municipal Engineering; June 1996; 1.2.14 "Background of the Project of the Comprehensive Treatment of the Lijiang River "by the office of the government of the autonomous region in charge of item using loans from World Bank Jan. 1995; 1.2.15 "Plan of Environmental ComprehensiveTreatment of Guilin City Planned forthe Ninth Five-Year Plan and thc Year of 2010", Guilin Environmental Protection Bureau, Oct., 1995 1.2.16 "Overall Planning of Guilin City", 1.2.17 Document Huanjianjian (96) 117 "Replay to outline of EIA on the project of comprehensivc treatment of the Lijiang River in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region" by NEPA, May, 19, 1996.
1.3. Scope, standard, and schedule of the assessment and targets of environmental protection 1.3. 1 Scope of the assessment
- The scope of the environmenll assessment of the comprehensive treatment project of the Lijiang River involves the urban part of Guilin City, Lingui County, Xing'an County, and Lingchuan County. 1. Scope of water environmental assessment The segment of the Lijiang River from Guilin to Yangshuo, the Taohua River, the Qingshitan Reservoir, the Gantang River, the Xiaorongjiang River, the Wulixia Reservoir and rivers in its lower reaches, the Lingqu Canal, and the Darongjiang River, and other water
4 system in the urban part of Guilin City. Ground water to be assessed is mainly around the Chongkou refuse landfill to the Chongkou Reservoir. 2. Scope of noise and atmosphere assessment The scope of the atmospheric assessment involves a range of 5km2 around the Chongkou refuse landfiill,an area of about 80km2 and region around the construction sites and along the transportation routes of three projects. The assessment on noise and raised dust mainly takes the region around the construction sites and along the transportation routes of all projects. 3 Scope of assessment on solid waste matters It involves regions where garbage, and solid waste matters are temporarily piled and disposed,garbage transit stations, and along concerned transportationroutes. 4 Scope of ecological assessment The drainage areas involved in the three subprojects, such as the Wulixia Reservoir, the Xiaorongjiang Reservoir, and their canals, the Lijiang River(from Guilin to Yangshuo), and the ecological environment of other concernedconstruction sites.
1.3.2 Targets of environmentalprotection The main targets of environmental protection of the proposed project are the water quality of the Lijiang River, inhabitantsliving near the construction sites, the city's landscape and ecological environment affected by the constructionof the project.
1.3.3 Standard of the assessment 1. Standardfor water environmentalassessment For the Lijiang River: Grade It standard set in "Document GB3838-88 Standard for Surface Water Environmental Quality"; For its tributaries: Grade IlI standard of the same document; For ground water: Gradc III standard set in "Document GB5749-85 Hygienic Standard for Water for Domestic Usage and Drinking Water". 2. Standard for atmospheric environment:Grade 11and Grade 1II standards set in "Document GB3095-82 Standard for Atmospheric Environment Quality" are used respectively for inhabitant quarters and industrialquarters. 3. Standard for noise: the standard set in "Document GB12523-90 Noise Limit for the Border of Construction Sitese and tFe Grade 11standard for mixed quarters set in Document GB3096-93 Standard for Urban EnvironmentalNoise are used. 4. Standard for waste water: the Grade I standard set in Document GB8979-88" Standard for ComprehensiveWaste water Discharge".
1.3.4 Period of time to be assessed
S The period of time to be assessed includes the process of the construction of the project and the period from the time when the project is put into operation to the year concerned in the plan (2015).
1.3.5 Scope of the assessment of its subprojects I. Water replenishing project for the Lijiang River of Guilin (a) Scope of water environmental assessment: According to thc plan of the Lijiang water replenishing project, the scope of the environmental -assessment involves the segment of the Lijiang River from Guilin to Yangshuo, the Taohua River, the Qingshitan Reservoir, the Gantang River, the Xiaorongjiang River, the Wulixia Reservoir and rivcrs in its lower reaches, the Lingqu Canal, and the Darongjiang River; (b) Scope of assessment on solid wastes It involves regions where solid wastes are temporarily piled, to be transported away and disposed, and along concerned transportation routes; (c) Scope of noise and raised dust.assessment They involves the construction areas of the project and along the transportation routes; (d) Scope of assessment of its impact on landscape It involves landscape environment of construction sites.
2. City Waste Water Treating Project in Guilin (a) Scope of environmental taklesthe region along the sewage pipeline network; (b) Water bodies now receiving waste water: the Guilin segment of the Lijiang River, the Taohua River, the Xiaodongjiang River, the Nanxi River, the Ningyan River, Xiangsi River and the Xiaotaiping River; (c) Water bodies to receive waster water according to the plan: the Lijiang River, the Taohua River, and the segment of the Xiaotaiping River SOOmupstream the waste water discharging outlet to affected area downstream (d) Scope of social environmental assessment: all areas involved in waster water collecting and treating: (e) Scopc of noise and raised dust assessment: construction sites and along the transportation routes; (f) Scope of assessment on solid wastes: regions where garbage and solid waste matters are temporarily piled, to be transported away and disposed, and along concerned transportation routes.
3. Domestic refuse disposing system (a) Scope of surfacc water environmental assessment From Chongkou refuse landfill to the Chongkou Reservoir and the upper reaches of the Sitong River;
6 (b) Scope of ground water assessment: From Chongkou refuse landfill to the Chongkou Reservoir. (c) Scope of atmospheric assessment; An area of about 80km2 with a range of 5km around the Chongkou landfill site. (d) Scope of ecological and soil assessment Regions around the garbage burial ground.
1.4. Content and key points of the assessment The project of comprehensive treatment of the Lijiang River is a systematic project comprising of several engineering works aimed at improving the water environment and ecologicalenvironment of the Lijiang River. The following are key points to be assessed:
1.4.1 Content of the assessment (1) Impact of noise, raised dust (produced in construction and transportation), construction waste water and waste gasses on the surrounding environment, people's life and the city's landscape during the construction of the project (2) Impact of the water transferred out on the water resources and ecological environment of regions water drawn out and into during its operation (3) Impact of refuse landfill on ground water (4) Prediction and analysis on the water quality of the Lijiang River and the improvementof the ecoenvironment after the project is put into operation (5) Analysis on the extent of the improvement of the landscape of Guilin City after the project is put into operation (6) Analysis on alternate engineering plans and present measures to be taken and to release possible impact of the project (7) Investigation of opinions and suggestions of the public on the project, and the work out of environmental monitoring and administrative plans
1.4.2 Key points of the assessment 1. Environmental impact on surrounding inhabitants and the city's ecoenvironment and landscapeduring its construction 2. The impact of refuse landfill disposing ground on underground water during its operation, and the impact of water transferred out on the ecological environment of the micro-drainage area concerned 3. Analysis and assessment over the positive benefit of the project's operation on the environment of the Lijiang River
1.4.3 Content and key points ofthe assessment of subprojects 1. Water replenishment project for the Lijiang River (I) Content of the assessment
7 a. Environmental impact during construction of the Xiaorongjiang River works b. Environmental impact during operation of the Xiaorongjiang works c. Environmental impact during construction of the Wulixia works (including impact on historical relic-the Lingqu Canal) d. Environmental impact during operation of the Wulixia works Impact of noise, raised dust (produced in construction and transportation), the city's landscape, ecological environment and historical relic during the construction of the project. Impact of hydrologic change, water utilization in the lower reaches, flood in upstream areas, water quality, silting and deposition of river course, landscape, ecoenvironment and shipping. (2) Key points oflTheassessment a. Impact of the Xiaorongjiang works during its operation on the water adjusting of the Qingshitan Reservoir and the function in its lower reaches b. Impact of Wulixia works during its operation on the potential function of the water body of the Rongjiang River c. Impact of the subprojects during their operation on the extent of the improvement and maintenance of the water quality of the Lijiang River 2. The city's waste water treating project (I) Content of the assessment a. Assessment on pollution sources and existing environment of the project area b. Impact of noise and raised dust on the surrounding environment during the construction of the project c. Impact of foul smell and sludge on the surrounding environment during the operation of the project d. Impact of discharge waster water on the surrounding environment in case of accidents e. Prediction on the cut of pollution load discharged into the Lijiang River and other rivers after the project is put into operation (2) Key points of the assessment a. Prediction and analysis on the impact of waste water intercepting project on the surrounding environment and people's life - b. Impact of foul smell and sludge on.ihcsurrounding environment-when the project is in operation c. Prediction and analysis on the positive benefit to the water environment of the Lijiang River after the project is put into operation 3. Domestic garbage disposing system (I) Content of the assessment a. Impact of noise during its construction b. Impact of raised dust during its construction
8 c. Impact on vegetation during its construction d. Impact on surrounding water bodies of the refuse landfill during its operation e. Impact of foul smell and methane of the refuse landfill during its operation (2) Key points of the assessment Key points of the assessment are the analysis of the impact of the refuse landfill on ground water and its positive environment benefit
1.5 Main tcchniques and measures adopted in the assessment 1.5.1 Procedure of the assessment See Fig. 1-2 for the working procedure of the assessment.
Cenificatc of Enurussment o rjc
Filed survey and infoffnation collect on thte project's envimxnment i
Environmental questions and facwries on the project to be taken
Recognition of environmental affecting factors
Outline ofEnvironmcnral ImpactAsscssment
Submit to NEP~A ~ ~ I yes Monirng and assessmentof existing environental quality Analysis of the project
Noise Atmospherie Waer Solid wast |Ecological Natural nd sociali Expes' opinions Environment Environmentionmvironment Environment Envimnmcnt Detaillist
P|rdiction andassessment on timeproject's environmental effect
|Statementon environmentalimpact asscssmentof subprojectsi p.. !Statement on environmentalimpact assessment on theprojeat; of comprehensivetreatment of theLijiang River in Guilin 'I No submitto NEPA
To do basisproposed environmnental ci,,,noogyand measurcs adopted in theprojecti Fig. 1.2 Procedure of the Environmental Assessment of the Lijiang River ComprehensiveTreatment Project
9 1.5.2 Method used in the assessment Environmental assessment factors were screened according to the characteristics of the project with advice solicited from concemed experts. The factors chosen are mainly those bearing much impact on the water environment, atmospheric environment, and acoustic environment because of the project. Collect the monitored data of 1991-94and assess the existing surface water, atmosphere, noise and solid waste matters of Guilin arca. Give key assessment to the construction sites and areas involved, so as to make clear environmental problems to be taken into consideration in the designing of the project and put forward proposals and measures to be taken to releve such problems. This project consists of three subprojects. Its construction sites are scattered but they are linked when the project is in operation. So the assessment is an environmental one as well as a comprehensive engineering one, much more extensive, complex than the assessment of a single item. It must answer some questions of the whole drainage area. So this assessment combines that of single project with a comprehensive assessment and combines that of macro with micro analysis.
1.6 Institution and personnel of the compiling of the assessment 1.6.1 Brief introduction to the institution A comprehensive environmentalscientific research academy directly under the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences boasts large scale, complete disciplines, advanced equipment, rich technical capacity, and wide scope of research. It has now a total staff of 580, which includes 128 senior researchers. It is entrusted with the responsibility for the establishment of state environmental standards and technical examinations, and the responsibility of technical monitoring and administration of environmental impact assessment of construction programs by the NEPA. The academy has so far compiled ovcr 300 environmental impact assessment, ranking number onc in thc country. Thc assessments involve fields of light industry, brewery, heat supply, air port, sca port, natural gas supply, electricity, highway, petroleum, chemicals, iron and steel, water conservatory, food processing,, mining, railway, electronics, regional development and construction and municipal engineering.
1.6.2 Cooperation institutions Guilin City Research Institute of EnvironmentalScicnces - Guilin City Environmental MorritoringStation Guilin Prefecture Research Institute of EnvironmentalSciences Guilin Prefecture EnvironmentalMonitoring Station
1.6.3 Major personnel and their qualification See the flyleaf of this report for the list of the personnel taking part in the EIA and their qualification.
10 2. General Situation of the Project to Use the Loan
2.1 Basic situation of the project
2.1.1 Name of the project "Guangxi Environmental Protection Project"--the project of comprehensive treatment of the Lijiang River in Guilin
2.1.2Geographic location atd layoutof the proposedproject The project involves the urban part of the City of Guilin, Linggui County, and two neighboring counties: Lingchuan County and Xing'an County, the drainage areas of the Lijiang River and the Yijiang River. See Fig. 2.1 for the geographic location of the proposed project.
2.1.3 Maincontent of the proposedproject The project includes: (D the subproject of water replenishment of the Lijiang River (which includes two subprojects of water replenishment and protection dikes of the Lijiang River), () the subproject of waste water treatment in Guilin City (which includes the waste water treating plants in the urban part of the city and that in the Xicheng District Guilin City), CDthe subproject of domestic refuse disposing system in Guilin City. See Table 2.1 for their main content and scale.
Table 2.1 Main Content of the Lijiang River Comprehensive Treatment Project Subprojcct Main Content of Engineering Investment I.Water a. Water replenishment works for the Wulixia Reservoir average 165.510,000 rcplenishmcnt capacity 86.2 million m'la, Nan canal long is 0.392 km (new). Bei yuan for the Lijiang River canallong is 23.1 kin andone power station. b. Watcr diversion works at the Xiaorongjiang River average capacity 126 million m'/a. damn,water diversion tunnel (7.9km) two power- stations. and raft passage (long 178.8km.wide 4.0m) c. Protection dikes of the Lijiang River. 44.5km d. Reforestationof Wulixia Reservoir region. 8.484 hu 2. Domestic refuse a. Chongkou rcfuse landfill SOOt/d.In stagc onc refusc landfill with 54.010,000 -disposing system the capacity of - yuan (a) Leakage preventing works (First stage) (b) Dams (c) Waste water collectingand disposing system (d) Waste gas collectingand disposing system b. 35 refuse transit stations
II 3. City waste water a. Waste water treating project of urban areas of Guilin Citv (the 318.270,000 treating system North District and Qingtan District) covering an area of 56.34km: yuan with a population of 640,000; waste water intercepting projects, pumping stations, and waste water treating plant. b. Waste water treating project in the Xicheng district of Guilin East District and West District) covering an area of 21km' with a population of 150,000, waste water intercepting projects, waster wate treating plant.
2.1.4 Investment scale The total investment of the project amounts to 538 million yuan (RMB), of which 50% will comprise of loan from the World Bank and the other 50% has to be raised by local institutions. -.
2.2 Technological Process
2.2. 1 Construction technological process of the waste water intercepting works The construction technological process is: First demolish and remove buildings on the construction sites, then dig open ditches and lay the pipelines, backfill earth and finally restore the landscape on the ground to the original. The following chart shows the concrete construction technological process:
Demolishingand removal | ditch | piipe airnhwork rcortion of buildings on the ground
2.2.2 Technological process of water replenishment worksfor the Liiang River The technological process for the works of water replenishment of the Lij iang River is: draw water from the three reservoirs and conduct the water to the Lijiang River. See the following chart for the concrete process:
Waterdivened from the rcservoirs ianals ...... tk: Lijiang River t t construction of reservoir building _-* demolishing -_ ditch digging , ground restoration
2.2.3 Technological proce< of garbage burial Technological process of garbage burial ground starts from domestic garbage gathering, then use garbage vehicles to transport coU..ed garbage to the burial ground to be buried. See the following chart for the concrete technological process:
Garbage (collectionr.-s. temporary piling-, transportation (route) _landfill site -_ to plant trees
2.2.4 Technological process of waste water treating plants First lead waste water from its intercepting network to waste water treating plants to be treated with biological treatment of three-trough oxidation ditch. Waste water after treatment
13 will be discharged into the Lijiang River and sludge is treated in another place after dehydration.
Interccpting waster water i waster water treating piants - to river
transferring sludge '-
2.3 Major pollution sources and the discharge of pollutants
2.3.1 Major pallution sources during the construction of the project The construction of the project will last a long period of time, involves a large range and requires a large amount of earthwork, and some of the construction sites are located in the central part of the city. Thus it will have some unfavorable impact on the environment, inhabitants and public traffic of the city. a. Construction noise Excavating machines and other machines and transportation vehicles used will produce certain noise to affect people's life and rest nearby. b. Construction raised dust Raised dust is an important pollution element in construction that will affect the atmospheric quality. The level of raised dust varies greatly depending on the season of construction, soil type, and constructionadministration. c. Garbage The storing, transportation, and disposal of domestic garbage and constructiongarbage will have some impact on the city's environment and ground water if not handled properly d. Traffic jams A large amount of transportation will be needed for the construction of the project. Laying of pipeiines will destroy part of the roads. All these will affect the city's traffic and cause traffic jams..
2.3.2 Major pollution sources during the operation of the project a. The refuse landfill will have certain impact on ground water. b. Foul smells produced by the garbage burial ground and waste water treating plants included in the project will have some impact on inhabitants nearby. c. In case therc is an accident in the waste water treating plant, large amount of waste water discharged will have much impact on the water quality of the Lijiang River and other ..receiving water bodies. d. Noise produced by waster water plants and pump stations will have impact on the surrounding environment e. Impact is caused to areas from which water will be drawn because of the decreased environmental capacity
14 2.4 Arrangement of the construction
The project involves the urban part as well as the suburb part of Guilin City. For the works in the urban part, careful arrangement should be made to reduce the impact to the minimum and the arrangement in the suburbs part can be a little loosened so as to reduce the cost.
2.5 Major environmental protection measures
Measures to be taken for environmental protection are basically divided into two stages; the construction and operation of the project.
2.5.1 Major environmental prolection measures during thieconstruction of the project a. Construction noise On the premise that the construction period of the project is guaranteed, the use of machines should be carefully arranged in an overall planning. Different areas should have different arrangement. In commercial quarters, construction activities should avoid rush shopping hours, and in inhabitant quarters, constructionshould not be carried out at night. b Raised dust Raised dust is an important pollution factor in the construction.The construction season should be carefully chosen. Give different treatment according to the soil types and strengthen the management of the construction. Construction sites in the central part of the city should be enclosed. c Construction garbage Administration should be combined with propagation for the disposal of construction garbageand domestic garbage so as to raise people's sense of environmental protection. The collecting, piling, transportation and disposal of garbage should all come under careful planning and arrangement. d Traffic jams As the transportation of construction materials and construction garbage will add to the city's traffic, and the digging and piling of materials will occupy certain part of roads, traffic jam is inevitable. So optimized transportation schedule should be arranged to avoid rush hours.
---. 5.2 Major measures that can be talee-ftenvironmental protection during the operation of the project a. Garbage burial disposal ground should be managed strictly according to designed procedures. The device for explosion prevention, gas leading and runoff discharge should be kept at their best forn so as to play their parts. b. There should a separation belt around the garbage burial ground. After the burial ground is fully filled, it is necessary to restore its original ecosystem in time. There should be sound arresting devices around noise producing equipment like water pumps, air blowers, and sludge dehydration equipment. A green belt should be planted around waste water treating plants to reduce the impact of noise and foul smells on nearby inhabitants.
1s \I Xinan
Tianlinkou
Jinsh Dai
cJuanSanjie Shiken
Qingshitane ogi
Qingshatan in*ng4u.inCit angc Reervor Hepinglin 44 ix Miaohuange
R46Rver J/ owerfisp N~~~~~~4111~River ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ °ver~ ~Lingui /(ang~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~oe Qingshitbfl'-)(~ ~ a Ligu
Fig 2-2(2) Routeof WaterDiversion of the XiaorongjiangRiver Fig. 2-2(1) Route of Water Supplementof the Southem Trunk Canal of the WulixaiReservoir c. The ability to handle urgent accidents of waste water treating plants should be raised. Routine maintenance should be strengthened to prevent and reduce such accidents
2.6 Financial estimates of the project
Table 2.2 Financial Estimates subproject financialestimatcs subprojccl financialestimates waterreplenishment for Lijiang River 165.510.000yuan icity wastewater treating system 318,270.000yuan domesticrefuse disposing systcm 54.010.000yuan total 538.000.000yuan
2.7 Brief introduction to its subprojects
2.7.1 The construction of the water replenishmentproject and protection dikes of the Lyiang River 1. Geographic location and layout of the project The subproject involves LingchuanCounty and Xing'an Countv of the Guilin Prefecture and Linggui County of Guilin City, the drainage areas of the Lijiang River and the Yijiang River (Fig. 2.2). 2. Main content and scope of the project The Lijiang River water replenishment project consists of three parts: works to draw water from the Xiaorongjiang River, works to draw water from the Wulixia Reservoir(includes reforestation in Wulixia Reservoir region) , and the protection dikes of the Lijiang River. See Table 2.3 for details.
Table 2.3 Water Replenishment Project for the Lijiang River subproject general content pcnod investment year 10'yuan works to draw watcr Xiaorongjiang: dam: 15m(li). 92m(L) 4 S110.70 fromthe Xiaorongiiang drainagcarea 164.4kmn9 avergc runon tunnel:7.9km(L) Rivcr 320x t0'm' power station: one near QingshitanReservoir: dam. onc near tunnel High is 277.5m.Vmax-.Smn'is tafl passage:178S.m(L) 4.0m(w) works to draw watcr from Wulixia Reservoir: Nan canal (new) 2 2S56.56 the Wulixia Reservoir drainagearea 300km' 0.392km
avcragerunofT2.6lxlO Ž- Nan canal23.1km - refeu2awna4S4 hu in eseir oir (reconstructon) I fall powerstation protcctiondikes of the RiverIength is 16km protection length is 3 5584 Lijiang River 44.5km
3. Production procedure (I) Production procedure during its operation See Fig 2.3 for the operation procedure of the Lijiang River water replenishment project.
17 Runoffof the Qingshitan [Runoo f the upperreaches rWatrfromthe [draiage area |oraniianj River Wulixia Reservoir
Dam on the Wulixia water Xiaorongjiang River diversion canal Diverted out of the Xiaorongiiang
Wattr diver- Powvr Raf Power siontunnci §Station Station
~~~~~4, O/111 The Qingshitan Reservoir The Xiaorongjiang The Rongjiang (existing) River River
|_Power s a I1 |The Gantang River| - -. 'MTeLijiang 0nRiver Water system of the LijiangRiver ThcTahua River
Fig. 2.3 Procedure of the Lijiang Water Replenishment Project
(2) Procedure of its construction (a)Open tunnel part
Determinationof the digging transportation land used ccoogical restoruato bordcr of the farmland _ of open _ of castaway b for piling (plant lawn and trees) and foreststo be used tunnel eanh castawayearh
(b) Tunnel part fDetcnination of tht borderfor dgin of_ transportationof disposal theinlet andout let of the tunnel ul cLsaway ah t d
ecologica restorianon the inlct and out let of the tunnel
(c) The darn, power station and pivotal works Earthwork Earthwork Operation of Operation of Transportation Land leveling digging transportatio construction construction of construction for construction materials materials materials materials
Clearing up of Concrctc Constuction Construction of vater diversion tunncsthe am base construction of the powr of thgdam statioon
TTansporation TPenspornion of consbruction of biteaway garbage caplhtorkant Ecigical rcestoraton
,|Disposal of castaway waste mattesl
Fi) 2.4 Construction Procedure of tfe Dam, Power Station and Pivotal Works
(d) Protection bikes
the basc F- Ithe dike wall r -hewall5ufcl - and cicaring ofthesites l
4. Major pollution source and discharge of pollutants (I) Characteristics of the discharge of pollution source during the operation of the project When the project of water replenishing and protection dikes of the Lijiang River is put into operation, its environmental capacity will increase. This mainly refers to the increase of runoff during low water scason and its realization owes to the adjustment of the storing capacity of the Qingshitan Reservoir and the Wulixia Reservoir, which reduce waste water during high water season and give water to the Lijiang River during low water season. So the increase of the environment capacity of the Lijiang River is not without some cost. When water is drawn from the Xiaorongjiang River to the Qingshitan Reservoir, the environmental capacity of the Xiaorongjiang River is reduced. The volume of water drawn from the Wulixia Reservoir is increased during low water season, thus helping improve the water ..-uality of the Lijiang River, but the water-c:an be used is reduced, thus restraining the winter irrigation needed for developing new agriculture. So this project is to readjust the time and spatial distribution of water environment capacity to affect water quality. It is different from other projects in changing the time and spatial distribution of pollution source. Its benefit during the operation is to adjust water flow and the utilization of water energy is secondary. Hydropower station does not produce new water body pollutants. So it can be concluded that the operation of the project will not produce pollution. (2) Pollution source and discharge of pollutants during its construction a. The loss of sand and earth in training canal
19 12 OOOm'of earthwork will be dug for the open training canal. This will destroy vegetation and cause the loss.ofwater and soil. b. Raised dust The digging, piling and transportation of earthwork, and the piling and use of cement will all produce raised dust. c. Noise Most of the construction sites are far away from the urban part of the city or any living quarters, so the noise producedby construction machines will be very small. But part of the training canal may run through living quarters or small towns and so the noise will cause some impact. - - d. Landscape The digging of open canal and the widening of roads may destroy some vegetation and affect the landscape. e. Trafftc Construction will add to the traffic flow and bring certain impact. Most construction sites and transportation routes are in poor condition with narrow roads and many turns. This will add traffic jams. f. Castaway earth The digging of tunnel will produce much castaway earth, which, if not properly piled, may cause negative impact on water bodies and the landscape. g. Construction garbage Broken stones, bricks, mortar blocks , waste wood pieces, steel ends, waste paint and coating material will be produced during the construction. But as the amount will not be large, these can be treated together with domestic garbage. 5. Arrangementof constructionactivities and measures to protect the environment The construction of the pivotal works involves only a small scale and can be done with general environmental protection measures. The construction of tunnels affects a large area and problems lik-econstruction noise and raised dust should be carefully managed to reduce the impact to the minimum. After the completion of open tunnel, ecological restoration should be done immediately, like planting trees along it, to give it landscape function.
2. 7.2 Waste water treating project in Guilin City 1. Major content of the proposedproject This subproject consists of two parts: the waste water treating works in the urban part of Guilin City and that in Xicheng District. The first part only involves the construction of waste water intercepting network, while the latter also includes the construction of a waste water treating plant. See Fig2.5 for the location and layout. This subproject will construct 179.645 km of waste water intercepting pipeline. It has a waste water treating capacity of 420,000 t/d, serving an area of 83.8km2 and a population of 851,000.
20 N
Linghuan Country L-'ngchuan
>e/~~~~ -4lC .J C>r/
Lingui Country
ichen Li=gii _Waste 'Water Treating + District ~~~~~~~~~~~Systemin Urbar Part ) ofGuilin
Waste Water',- f Li;=gjiang 'Treating System-fi _ - 2~~~~~~~-. in Xicheng District,Guilin I 0 3.0 6. km-
Fig. 2-5 Urban Wastc WaterTreating Projects in GuilinCity
21 Table 2.4 General Introduction to Waste Water Treating Project Subproject wastewater treatingwork in urbanof Guilintwastewatcr treating work in XichengDisuict City I Nature collectingand treating wastc water collectingwaste water Treating method threc-troughoxidation ditch Capacityshort 30.000 t/d wastetreating piant(new), pipeline sewer pipeline long 37.382km, 4 pumping term long52km stations medium 90, 000 t/a waste water treating capacity, term 25.7kmpipeline long j 50,000 t/a waster watcr treatingcapacity, add 80,000 tIa and 150,000t/a waste water tenn lOkm pipelineand I pumpingstation treatingplants sewerpipeline long 3.572km, .______and 2 pumpingstations lnvestment 235,223,200 102.740.000 Covering area 35 81 Staff 35 Sl Service range area2 I km'. population150.000 area56.34km'. population 640,000
2. Production procedure (I) production procedure during its operation. See the following fig. for the procedure.
F Intacepting scwerpipeline wase water to river wasewt trelingplant wet t ; ~~~~~~sludtte hvdrometer dehydrated
treatingsludge (2) Construction procedure First remove the buildings on the constructionsites, then dig open tunnel, lay pipeline, backfill, and finally restore the original surface. Waste water trcating plants shall use biological trcatment of three-trough oxidation ditch. 3. Major pollution source and the dischargeof pollutants ( I)Characteristics of pollution source dischargeduring its operation The project collects waste water in the area of its service to be treated in waste water treating plants and then discharged into nearby water bodies. The sludge will be disposed after dehydration. It will greatly improve the environment.But there will also be some new -- nvironmental problems. (a) Pumping station of waste water and the equipment in waste water treating plants will produce some noise. So sound insulation measures should be taken and trees planted around them to reduce the impact. (b) Foul smell produced by waste water treating plants will be a major environmental problem. So such plants should be far away from inhabitants quarters and trees be planted around waste water treating plants. (c) Water discharged by waste water treating plants still contains certain pollution and will thus have negative impact on receiving water bodies. Therefore management should be strengthened over the water dischargedto maintain the function of eceiving water bodies.
22 (d) Sludge produced by waste water treating plants contains high concentrations of pollutants, which, if not properly handled, may cause secondary pollution. (2) Pollution source and discharge of pollutants during its construction a. Raised dust The digging of roads for laying pipeline or building the waste water treating plants , the construction of waste water treating sites will all produce raised dust. It involves part of the city's urban part and suburbs part and along construction routes. b. Construction noise Construction machines all produce noise, which is of single or multi point source and move slowly along the construction routes. The noise is determined by way of construction, types of machines used and the amount of transportation. c. Castaway earth Pipeline tunnel and waste water treating plant construction sites may produce some castaway earth, which can be used as soil for agriculture. d. Garbage There will be some construction garbage like broken bricks, broken road surface pieces, concrete blocks, wastewood pieces, waste paint and coating materials. But the amount is small and can be treated with domestic garbage. 4. Arrangementof construction activities. As the construction involves large areas in the urban part and suburbs part of the city and large amount of earthwork and it will also produce much noise and raised dust, the construction activities should be carefully arranged and organized to limit the impact to the minimum.
2.7.3 Domestic refuse disposing system of Guilin City 1. Scale of the project Taking into consideration the characteristics of domestic garbage produccd in the city and its trend, a new refusc landfill is to be constructed in Chongkou to the west of the city and thc Pingshan compost plant will be enlarged. The designed capacity of Chongkou refusc landfill is 500t/d and the duration of use will be 20 years, of which No.1 ground can be used for 8 ycars and No.2 ground 12 years. The total amount of domestic garbage disposed can reach 4,562,000t. Its scrvice area includes the urban part of Guilin City and Linggui County. Scc Fig. 2.6 for its location. 2. Geographic location The landfill is far away from the Liiang River and densely populated arcas but with convenient transportation. Geological structure of the site is good: there is neither karst cave nor collapse. The site is of an independent hydrogeological unit on whole some rock with a small percolation ratio. Around it are hilly land with developing potential. So the locality is an idcal place for garbage burial. 3. Content of the project and its invcstment (I) Content of the project It includes Chongkou refuse landfill, garbage transit stations and other equipment in coordination with the landfill. The refuse landfill includes a percolation collecting and disposing system and a gas training system.
23 N ~~~~~~~~~, - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i~~~~~~~~;~~~~~Scale 1:135000 f . _ f a lP~~~~z Su~~~~~~~~~~~~M Ganungdu -~~~~~~~~~~~I JinJ E n t G un
Wuwng / iinlin _o o^llS 1/ Rservoir / - \.' (t, X l'ianhua DingjianG
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Fig 2-6 Locationof theChongkou Sanitary Landfill Plant ,,~ ~~ ~~~~~~~anfl ln (2) Investment of the project The total investment for the project is 90,177,900 yuan, of which No. one landfill takes up 54,015,200 yuan and No.two 38,507,200 yuan. No. I will be built in near future, 50% of whose investment will be loan from the World Bank and the other half is to be collected at home. The investment of No. 2 will all be collected at home. 4. Production procedure The major procedure includes the collecting, piling at transit stations, transporting, and burying of the refuse. The burial procedure includes filling, pressing, covering with earth, gas training, collecting and disposing of percolation, and the restoration of vegetation. Garbage will be transported from transit stations to the burial ground by dump trucks or container like trucks. See the following fig. for its procedure.
trainingand using .-- gas training system ,
|Domestic| |collecting nd | unit of |tobe plant| rcfusc |t|ranpnn |- i _ -Iinfl||akfillingl|-"| trees |
into water bodics .- ollecting and disposing of percolation Fig. 2.7 Procedure of Garbage Disposal
S. Major pollution source and pollutants discharge Analysis of the procedures reveals the major pollution source is the refuse landfill and transit stations. (I) Transit stations According to the design, garbage transit stations will be used to temporarily store garbage collected, which will be usually transported away on the same day and not put there overnight. The ground of transit stations is made of cement and there will be no leaking. So major pollutants will be raised dust and foul smeil affecting the atmosphere. (2) Refuse landfill Refuse landfill is the main pollution source during the whole process, which will produce the following pollution: a. Atmospheric pollution During the burial of garbage, decomposed by micro-organisms under anaerobic conditions, organic matters in the garbage will produce gascs like CH., CO,, and H2S. There may be explosion if the concentration of CH4 reaches 5%. Foul smells can strongly stimulate people's olfactory sensation. Flies and other insects will also breed there.
- Raised dust will be produced duri.g- the unloading, filling and pressing of garbage, especially when there is strong wind paper bits and plastic bags and sucfr like will be blown away. b. Refuse percolation leaching There are three factors causing percolation leaching: water contained in refuse leaking out when pressed, decomposed organic matters in the garbage, and the leaching of rain water into the buried garbage. Major harmful substances contained include organic matters, SS bacteria and heavy metals like Cu.
25 Under improper management, garbage washed into surrounding water bodies by rain water may produce surface water pollutants,mainly of organic matters. c. Noise Machines will produce some noise to affect the environment. 6. Major environmentalprotection measures and designed goal (I) Leaching prevention Natural conditions are not enough to prevent leaching, and so artificial vertical leaching prevention measures should be taken. Polluted ground water from its upper reaches will be intercepted in the pool in front of the vertical leaching prevention curtain, so that the refuse landfill will retnain an independentunit. A main dam and a secondarydam will be built in the lower reach of the refuse landfill. Curtain grout will be used for the secondary dam according to its height and condition of its rock base. The main dam of No.1 ground will be a permeable structure of mixed earth and stones, at whose lower part are prismaticand water drainage blanket, through which leaching flows into the waste water adjusting pool. The main dam of No.2 ground will be of water - proof mixed structure of earth and stones. Leaching from its will be collected by the waste water collecting well to be led to the waste water pool. The waste water intercepting dam by now will be deep into the curtain grout of base rock of the darn, which forms a separating wall to again intercept leaching. (2)The collecting and disposingof percolation leaching a. Its collection Flatten the bottom of the refuse landfill into certain longitudinal slope, on which crisscross water drainage blind ditches will be laid made of spall coated with earthwork cloth at every lOm of height difference.. Such network will lead leaching from No.1 and No.2 landfills into the adjusting pool to be treated later. (b) Its treating Percolation leaching contain complicated organic substances with strong pollution intensity. So far there is no mature and cheap way of treating. Two methods will be used at Chongkou refusc landfill. One is to collect it to be re-sprinkled and the other is discharged into the city's waste water network to be treated in waste water treating plants after going through the adjusting pool. (3) Training and collecting of gases Major waste gases produced are Cl. and CO2, usually accounting for 50% and 40% of all the gases. Blind ditches collecting percolation leaching are also used to train waste gases. _Yertical DN200 punched steel. pipes wUilbc inserted in the buried garbage and will be connected to reach over 100cm over the final top of the burial ground so as to train waste gases. ignitor will be fixed on top so that the CH4 will burn when its concentration reaches certain degree so as to prevent possibleexplosion.
26 3. General Situation of the Environment of the Area Where the Project Is to be Constructed
3.1 General environmental situation of the area of the proposed project
3.1. 1 Natural environment 1. Geogriphical location The proposed project involves Guilin City, Linggui County within the city's jurisdiction ,and Xing'an County and Lingchuan County under the jurisdiction of the Guilin Prefecture, at 110OS0'-110°06'Eand 24°38'-25'23'N; with a total area of 5,210 km:. If Yangshuo County is also included, the total area is 6,628kmr.. See Fig. 3-1 for the scope of the impact of the proposed project. Guilin is located along the Hunan-Guangxicorridor in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is the traffic hub of northern Guangxi. 2. Landscape and topography The city of Guilin is located in the southwest of the Nanling Mountains. To its north lies the Yuecheng Mountain, to its south the Jiaqiao Mountain, and to its east the Haiyang Mountains. The main peaks of these mountains are all above 1 500m. Its north, east, and south are high, but its central part and southwest are low. The urban area of Guilin is located in a karst basin, which is about 40km long (N-S) and 20km wide (E-W). The altitude of the bottom of the basin is 150m, where accretion formed in various ways are distributed to forrn a vast alluvial and flat plain scattered with mounds. The Lijiang River and its tributaries the Taohua River, thc Xiaodong River, the Nanxi River, the Liangfeng River, and thc Ningyuan River flow across the urban area from the north to the south. at the sides and the central part of the basin are widely distributed with peak clumps, peak forests, and single peaks formed of limestone with a height of 300-600m. There are many karst caves. The Yijiang River in Lingui County is the upper reach of the Luoqing River of the LiuJiang River system. It is separated from the Lijiang River drainage area by the Jiaqiao Mountain. The stratum of Guilin is mainly formed of carbons of the Upper Devonian Series and the Lower Carboniferous Series, of typical karst area in China. The urban part of the City of Guilin is at the top of the northeast break over arch of epsilon structural system, lying from the north to the east. topographic formations include: corrosional land-form, erosion - corrosion land-form, erosion land-form, and accumulation land-form, the first being the major feature. The relative height of the over 200 stone peaks near the urban area averages 74m, with various underlying basement. Karst caves have developed within peak forests. The lime stone in the area is thick (the total thickness is over 3,000m), pure and widely
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Fig Fig~3-3-1 ~~~MpM o fKatK T oppphgh Guii X,fin XI ;_I" it1 9 ESt d0*^ distributed and the climate is hot and wet, plus the crises-cross the fault structure caused by the many tectonic movements of the crust,. This caused the area to have a typical subtropics karst landscape (Fig. 3-2). 3. Surface water and ground water The Lijiang River, the major river in Guilin area, has its source in the east slope of the Maoer Mountain, the highest peak of the Yuecheng Mountains in north Guangxi. It converges with the Lingqu River at the Darongjiang River,. The segment from this point to the outlet of the Gongcheng River in Pingle Country is called the Lijiang River. Then if flows into the tiuijiang River. Its total length is 214km, and its trunk river is 160km long, with 12 major tributaries: the Lingqu River, the Darongiang River, the Xiaorongjiang River, the Gantang River, the Taohua River, the Nanxi River, the Liangfeng River, the Donghe River, the Xihe River (the Huangsha River), the Chaotian River, the Xingping River, and the Tianjia River. (See Fig. 3-3.) Its total drainage area is 6,050km2. The average flow of the Lijiang River over the years is 120m'/s, 8-12 during the dry season. The maximum flow monitored is 4 640 m31s(1976) and the minimum 3.8m3/s (I1951).The average annual runoff is 4.2 billion m3. The river bed is mainly forined of pebble, gravel, and sand stone. The average silt content is 0.0381g/m3,the smallest among the rivers in Guangxi. The Guilin segment of the Lijiang River is shallow with many shoals. It has a strong self-purifying capacity. Ground water in Guilin includes pore water, karst water, and crevice water. Pore water is distributed in river faces sedimentation and alluvial plains, with an area of 65km2. Ground water is 4-7m deep, with an annual variation of 5-8m. Karst water is of covered and uncovered types. The uncovercd is stored in karst tunnels (underground rivers). So far nine underground rivers have been discovered, which control an area of 140km2, 3-Sm deep, with an annual variation of l4m Covered karst water is stored in karst caves or karst cracks, usually covered by 10-30m thick of clay, 5-19m deep, with an annual variation of l-5m. Crevicc water is stored in thc cracks of sand stones, mainly distributed in the mountains in the east and the west, with an area of only 16km2. Within an area of 282.44km, the amount of ground water naturally replenished is 151 681 600t/a (4.8lm'/s), that of high wvaterperiod accounts for 70.7% and that of low water period 29.3%. Ground water there is mainly of HCO3-Ca type. The av:age pH value of low- mineralized water is 6.3-8.5, with t total hardness of 200-300mg. See Fig. 3-4 for the isobath of ground water. 4. Climatc Guilin is located in the subtropics monsoon zone, with a long, hot summer and a short winter. It has abundant precipitation, mostly concentrated in spring and summer. The summer (when the average air temperature is above 22C) in Guilin lasts 145 days. It is the hottest in July when the average air temperature is 28.3 C, the coldest in January, when the
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i ie AS5Xo l a~~~~~~~~~~~~~sal . | / _aile~~~~~~~~~~~~i'nzhcn ,
- ~~~Fig3-4 Location of Water Supp)lying Plant, Guiiin City
32 average air temperature is 7.9 C. According to statistics of thirty years the average annual air temperature is 18.8 with the highest 23.31C, the extreme being 39.41C (1953), and the lowest 15.7 C, the extreme being-4.9 C (1955). The average annual rainfall is over 1,900mm. See Fig. 3-3. for its distribution. The average annual relative humidity is 76%, and the average annual evaporation 1,485mm. The leading wind in the year is NNE, with an average annual wind speed of 2.5m/s, the maximum being 19m/s. The annual frost-free days number 307, and the total annual sunshine reaches 1 684.4h, with a rate of 38%.
3.1.2 General eoenvironmental situation Vegetation in Guilin area is mainly of pony-tail pine and coniferous communities. On the scenery mountains are mainly broad-leaved mixed forests. Along the streets in the urban area are growing sweet hibiscus, camphor, fish pelargonium, Chinese ash, privet, Chinese scholar tree, and kiri, interplant with flowers and glass. Guilin has a total forest area of 96,941ha, accounting for 23. 1% of the total area. There are within the area over 1 000 species of higher plants, including the living fossil Cathaya argyrophylla and Chinese hemlock, and rare species like gingko. Precious animal sinlude white-head leaf monkey, rhesus monkey, sike, tiger, Chinese pangolin, giant salamander, yellow-bellied tragopan, crimson-bellied tragopan, and Chinese copper pheasant. There are over 140 species of fish in the Lijiang River, major ones include common carp, crucian carp, and big-eyed Chinese triangular bream. 79 species of benthons have been identified living in the Lijiang River, including 13 orders like insects, crustaceans, leeche, and arachnids. There are 113 zooplanktons, of which 22 are of protozoa, 23 of rotifers, 39 of copepods, and 29 of cyclops. Major aquatic tracheophyta include 10 species of 8 genus such as Valliisneria spiralis, Hydrilla verticillata and Potanogeton malaianus, with a total biomass of 2.54kg/rm2.
3.1.3 Social economic situations 1. Administrative arca involved in the project Guilin City has five districts: Xiufeng, Diecai, Qixing, Xiangshan, Suburbs, and two counties: Yangshuo and Lingui. - The Guilin Prefecture has tow counties: Lingchuan and Xingean. 2. Character and scope of Guilin City Guilin is a famous city for sight seeing and historical interest. It is well known by its "green mountains, clear waters, strange caves and beautiful stones". There are also a lot of humanistic scenarios. It is planned to build the city into a beautiful, comfortable international city with developed economy and beautiful environment by the year of 2010. The population of Guilin reached 550 000 in 1994, of which 398,000 are not engaged in agriculture. Besides the Han, there are also the Zhuang, the Yao, the Hui, the Miao, the Tong,
33 and the Yaolao, and other national minorities, altogether reaching 107 000 by the end of 1993. 3. land utilization The total area of Guilin City is 4,195km2, of which medium high and low mountains take up 1,231km 2, accounting for 29.34%, that of hills 969.6km2, accounting for 23.22%, terraces 264.87km2, accounting for 6.31%, plain 954.73kMm2, accounting for 22.66%, the rest 776.67km2, accounting for 18.52%. Actually cultivated land in 1994 was 635,200ha, of which paddy field accounts for 74% and dry farmland accounts for 26%. There are 214,000ha of forests in the drainage area of the Lijiang River, of which 35% is for conservation of water supply and 43.6% for timber, 0.5% for special forests, 1.2% for firewood, 8.1% for economic forests, and 16.65 of bamboo forests, The forest coverage rate is 38.8%, above the national average. That in the upper reaches above Guilin is 51.4% and that in the middle and lower reaches is 14.2%. 4. Production development The GNP of the city in 1994 reached 5.19 billion yuan (price of that year), of which primary industry accounted for 16.7%, secondary industry 44.4%, and tertiary industry 38.9%. Enterprises in the city are mostly of medium and small scale, including machine building, electronics, rubber, light industry and textile, food processing and pharmaceutical. Construction of the city has been speeding up, and infrastructure (road communication, water supply and drainage, environmental protection, gas supply, living houses, and aforestation) has had certain scale, laying a foundation for further development of the city's construction. 5. Existing infrastructure The total area of constructed buildings in Guilin City reached 14.16 million m1 in 1993. The total length of roads rcached 302km with a total area of 2.82m'. The total length of drainage pipelines reached 114km. The rate of gas popularization was 45.1%. The total constructed area of the city was 46.Skm' Water resources used in Guilin is mainly of surface water supplemented by ground water. There are now four water mills in the urban area: Dongzhen Road, Dongjiang, _longchuanping, and Wayao, all taking-water from the Lijiang River. The designed water supply capacity is 100 OOOm'/dand 28 OOOm3/d (of which 70 OOOm3/d was completed in December 1995), with a total of 328 OOOm3/d(see Fig. 3-4). 191 enterprises have their own water mills , mostly for production, of which the supplying capacity of wells reached 125 OOOm3/d. As the water supplied by these self-owned water mills is of poor quality, water consumed by these enterprises for daily life is still supplied by the tap water company. The total amount of waste water discharged in Guilin City in 1994 was I00.5I million tons, of which industrial waste water 29.13 million tons. 56 enterprises discharge their waste
34 water to waste water treating plants, with a total amount of 6.03 million t/a. Three waste water treating plants, 9 rain water and waste water pumping stations, and 146 pipeline with a total designed capacity of 78 5OOm3/d and actual capacity of 63 5000m3/d have been built in the city. The city has 126 waste water treating devices, of which 108 are in normal operation. The amount of waste water to be treated is 27.49 million tla, but only 24.46 million t/a was treated, with a rate of 89%. The amount of industrial waste water is 20.63 million tla with 10.61 million t/a reaching the standard after treating, the rate being 45%. The amount of industrial waste water reused is 8.38 million t/a. The total investment in industrial waste water treatment reaches 28.171 million yuan (up to the end of end of 1999). Domestic garbage in Guilin City is now mainly collected and cleaned by professional people, then shifted from the 15 garbage transit stations to be buried or piled in the suburbs. Its transporting uses machines and vehicles. The major way of disposal is to be treated by the Pingshan garbage compost factory which can handle 30t/d. The amount of garbage transported in 1993 was 120 OOOt,of which 65 000t was treated to be harmless. Guilin now has two civil airports, which are linked many home and international air routes. The Hunan-Guangxi Railway runs through Guilin, where a new terninate station is being built. The completion of the new railway station will greatly facilitate transportation and promote tourism.
3.1.4 General life quality The total area of constructed urban part of the city has reached 46.5km2 , with an urban population of 550,000 (1994), of which 398,000 are non-agricultural population. People's living standard has been raised along with the economic development. The average annual domestic income reaches 4,142 yuan, showing an actual increase of 10.78% over the last year. The average annual salary of the staff was 4,505 yuan and that of farmers 1,137 yuan. There are now 9 parks in Guilin, the total tourists in 1994 reached 4.3 million person - times, of which 0.6 million were from abroad. Green area of the city reached 1,515.9ha, averaging 4.9m3 per capita. The city's green space ratio reached 32.6%. Besides beautiful natural mountains and waters, there are in Guilin many places of historical interests, major ones including the formcr palace and tomb of the king, forner city of the ancient Jingjingjiang Prefecture. ruins of the Piye Cave, and the Eighth Route Army's office in Guilin. The environmental protection in Guilin has been strengthened. The air in the urban area is of the standard of grade 11and the water quality of the Lijiang River is of the standard of Grade 1I surface water. The quality of drinking water is good.
3.2 Environmental quality of the area affected by the proposed project
3.2.1 Surface water environmental quality
35 1. Water environmentalquality of the Lijiang River and its tributaries (91-94) The Lijiang River has its source in the east slope of the Maoer Mountain. It flows through Xing'an County, LingchuanCounty, urban area of Guilin City, Yangshuo County, and Pingle County, with a total length of 214km. Its segment from Dahe to Mopanshan flows through the major economic area of Guilin City, thus being the major source for water of daily use and industry and agriculture. It also serves as the final receiving water body of waste water produced in this area. Its major tributaries flowing through the urban area are the Xiaodong River, the Taohua River, the Ningyuan River, the Nanxi River, and the Xiangsi River. (I) Pollution of the Lijiang River The Lijiang River is mainly supplemented by rain water. The difference of its water level within the year can reach over Im, and that of its flow 160m3/sto 250m3 /s. During Decemberof the low water season (when the flow at all the sections is less than 56m'/s), the pollution runoff ratio increases and the self purifying capacity of the river decreases. The index of N03-N, NH3-N, and petroleum all exceed the standard. During July and August of the norrnal water season, the water quality is the best. During May of the flood season, the first stormnwashes large amount of city garbage and other pollutants into the river, seriously deteriorates the water quality of the Lijiang River. The general water quality of the Lijiang River is as follows: Most index are within the standard value except that of coli and NH3-N in its upper reaches (section above Dahe before it flows into the urban part). The urban segment (Lushan Bridge to Jingpingshan) receives waste water from some food processing industries and domestic sewage, and its tributaries flowing through the urban part the Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Ningyuan River and the Nanxi River all flow into it. So the water body fro the section of Doujishan to that of Longmen is a segment scriously polluted by organism and N in the upper reaches of the Lijiang Rivcr. The lower reaches (down the Jingpingshan Bridge) are mainly affected by industries like power, tier making, and paper making. Besides it also receives water from the waste water treating plants. But the pollution down the section of Longmen is gradually reduced to reach the standard of Grade ll water at the Mopanshan. (2) Pollution of its tributaries The Xiaodong River: mainly affected by irrigation water, waste water from food processing industry, and domestic sewage. The water in its middle and lower reaches is seriously polluted, looks black and gives out foul smells. The Nanxi River: seriously polluted by industrial waste water. Coal dust has piled up at the outlets into the Lijiang River,where the water is black and gives out very foul smells. The Ningyuan River: mainly polluted by industrial waste of pharmacy, food processing, and dying and printing as well as domestic sewage. Its water body is also black and smelly.
36 ;4 A S ) D/ s.h 7ZH (t
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Fig.3-5 Diswbudn Srfc Water Monito iGlln., from 1991 to 1994 The Taohua River: mainly affected by irrigation water, part of industrial waste water and domestic sewage. Its lower reaches and its outlet into the Lijiang River has obvious biological pollution and pollution of petroleum and like. The Xiangsi River: its water body is fairly good but hias been polluted recently by township-run enterprises
8 10
4 5---..- 2 0
1991 1992 1993 1994 ycar 1991 1992 1993 1994 year Xiaodongjiang River Lijiang River
8. 20 6 ,v, ,,,,5t.... /1~ 6 '. .4 510 *
2 *- . - - OL. 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 year 1991 1992 1993 1994 year Taohuajiang Rivcr Lingyuan River
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5 2 E , _2E_=2|= ~~~2Nh3-N 0 1991 1992 1993 199 4 Y=5 1991 1992 1993 1994 ycar Nanxi Rivcr Xiangcijiang River
Fig. 3-6 Trend of variance of pollutants in the Lijiang River and its tributaries
38 2. pollution sources (1) Discharge of industrial waste water The total amount of industrial waste water discharged from 1991 to 1994 reached 88.91 million tons, averaging 29.3667 million t/a, which contained 4,738t of pollutants, of which I .094t was first class pollutants and metals. (2) Amount of waste water received The amount of waste water discharged into the trunk of the Lijiang River in 1991-94 reached 37.3062 million tons, averaging 9.3266 million t/a.
Table 3.2.1 Water Quality of the Trunk of the Lijiang River as Monitored (1991-1994) unit: mg/L year 1991 1992 1993 1994 Average Exceeding Average Exceeding Average Excecding Average Exceeding value rate(%) value rate(%/6) value ratC(%/0) value rate(%) pH 7.35 0.00 7.38 0.00 7.54 0.00 7.83 0.0 Ss 16.8 24.1 1.5 0.00 2.7 3.7 7.3 0.0 Hardness (G) 3.84 0.00 3.91 0.00 3.18 0.0 0.71 0.0 DO 6.13 38.9 5.9 40.7 6.9 18.5 6.0 54.2 COD,, 2.30 0.00 2.0 0.00 1.9 3.7 1.9 0.0 BOD, 1.44 5.60 1 1.90 1 0.0 0.9 0.0 NH_-N 0.53 44.40 0.445 31.50 0.295 18.5 0.381 31.9 NO,-N 0.053 11.10 0.075 33.3 0.037 0.0 0.053 9.7
N 1 ,-N 0.68 0.00 0.68 0.0 0.53 0.0 0.64 0.0 phenol 0.001 0.00 0.001 0.0 0.002 7.4 0.001 0.0 CN' 0.002 0.00 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 As 0.004 0.00 0.004 0.00 0.004 0.0 0.004 0.0 Hg 0.00005 0.00 0.00005 0.0 0.00005 0.0 0.00005 0.0 Cr' _ 0.002 0.00 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 0.002 0.0 Pb 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.01 0.0 Cd 0.002 0.00 0.002 0.0 0.001 0.0 0.001 0.0 oil 0.40 87.00 0.08 18.5 0.69 66.7 0.21 38.9 Conductivity 7.1 - 13.52 - 10.67 . 14.37 - ( Jcn)slcm Colon 508 x 10' 90.7 720 tto' 89.0 885 x 10 9&0 592 x 10' 96.0 bacillus(I/L)
39 Table 3.2.1 (1) Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Trunk of the Lijiang River year item Colon bacillus petrolcum SS | COD,,, BOD | NO,-N NH,-N 1991 exceeding rate(%) 90.7 87.0 24.1 0.0 5.6 HA.i0 44.4 pollution index(P,) 50.8 8.0 0.67 0.58 0.48 0.53 1.06 pollution rate(%) 78.6 12.4 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.6 type >5 4 2 2 I _ 3 1992 exceedingratc(%) 89.0 18.5 0.0 0.0 1.9 33.3 31.5 pollution index(P,) 72.0 1.60 0.06 0.50 0.33 0.75 0.89 pollution rate(%) 91.5 2.0 0.1 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.1 type >5 4 1 1 I 2 2 1993 exceeding rate(%) 98.0 66.7 3.7 3.7 0.0 0.0 18.5 pollution index(Pi) 88.5 13.8 0.11 OA8 0.33 0.37 0.59 pollution rate(%) 82.5 12.9 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 type >5 5 1 I I I 2 1994 exceeding rate(%) 96.0 38.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 31.9 pollution index(P;) 59.2 4.2 0.29 0.48 0.30 0.53 0.76 pollution rate(%) 85.9 6. I 0.42 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.1
_type >5 4 1 J ,I 2
Table 3.2.1 (2) Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Xiaodong River
year item Colon bacillus petroleum SS CODM. BOD, N02-N NH,-N 1991 cxceeding rate(%) 89.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.0 41.7 pollution index(P,) 127 12.4 0.77 0.58 0.53 0.44 1.03 pollution rate(%) 89.0 8.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 type >5 5 2 2 1 2 >5 1992 cxcceding ratc(%) 100.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 83.3 pollution index(P,) 16.0 6.4 0.04 0.47 0.50 0.90 1.45 pollution rate(%) 62.1 24.8 0.2 2 2 3.3 5.6 type >5 4 1 2 1 3 >5 -1993 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 16.7 pollution index(P;) 22.9 16.8 0.03 0.33 0.25 0.90 0.89 pollution ratc(%) 54.4 39.9 0.1 0.8 0.6 2.2 2.0 type >5 5 I I 1 3 3 1994 cxceeding ratc(%) 100.0 50.0 0.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 91.7 pollution index(P,) 77.4 44.8 0.50 0.88 1.75 0.53 8.91 pollution rate(%) 57.4 33.2 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.4 6.6 typc >5 >5 2 3 4 2 >5
40 Table 3.2.1 (3) Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Taohuajiang River year item Colon bacillus pctroleum SS CODM, BOD, NO.-N NH,-N 1991 exceeding ratc(%) 100.0 88.9 0.0 0.0 1.I I.3 38.9 pollution index(P;) 62.4 12.8 0.66 0.53 0.25 0.35 0.42 pollution ratc(%) 79.1 16.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 type >5 5 2 2 3 1 2 1992 exceeding ratc(%) 78.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 16.7 pollution indcx(P.) 34.0 5.6 0.12 0.53 0.25 0.53 0.61 pollution rate(%) 78.8 13.0 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.4 type >5 4 3 2 I 2 3 1993 exceeding rate(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 pollution index(P-) 51.5 22.2 0.08 0.5 0.25 0.32 0.61
pollution rate(%/o) 67.3 29.0 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.8 type >5 >5 3 2 1 3 3 1994 exceeding mtze(/%) 100.0 38.9 11.3 16.7 11.1 16.7 44.4
pollution index(P1) 30.9 3.6 0.50 0.52 0.38 0.43 0.57 pollution rate(%) 81.4 9.5 1.3 1.4 I.0 1.3 1.5 type >5 4 2 2 I 2 3
Table 3.2.1 (4) Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Ningyuan River year itemn Colon bacillus petroleum SS COD,,. BOD, NO,-N NH,-N 1991 exceeding rate(%/.) 100.0 100.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 pollution index(P,) 191 19.0 0.66 0.92 1.3 0.82 1.75 pollution rate(%) 88.6 8.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.8 type >5 5 2 3 4 3 >5 1992 exceeding mtc(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 83.3 83.3 0.0 100.0 pollution index(P,) 238 92.6 0.40 2.0 4.5 0.28 5.86 pollution mte(%) 69.2 26.9 0.1 0.6 3.3 0.1 3.8 type >5 >5 2 >5 >5 1 >5 -4993 exceeding ratc(Y.) 100.0 -e .o 0.0 66.7 100.0 0.0 83.3 pollution index(P,) 202 71.0 0.12 1.25 3.5 0.23 3.14 pollutionrte(%) 71.8 25.2 0.1 0.5 1.2 0.1 1.1 type >5 >5 1 4 >5 1 >5 1994 exceeding ratc(Ye) 100.0 50.0 33.3 33.3 83.3 16.7 100.0 pollution index(P,) 238 16.2 0.62 1.13 1.8 0.31 2.64 pollution rate(Y) 91.3 6.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.1 3.1 type >5 5 2 4 5 1 >5
41 Table 3.2.1 (5) Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Nanxi River ycar item Colon bacillus petroleum SS COD,, BOD$ NO,-N NH,-N3 1991 exceedingrate(%) 100.0 100.0 0.0 66.7 83.3 0.0 100.0 pollution index(P,) 238 35.2 1.02 0.96 1.92 0.21 3.54 pollution rate(%) 84.7 12.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.1 1.3 typc >5 >5 4 3 5 I >5 1992 exceedingrate(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 50.0 66.7 0.0 100.0 pollution index(Pi) 238 59.4 0.22 1.45 3.75 0.29 3.83 pollutionrare(%) 77.5 19.4 0.1 .0.5 .2 0.1 1.2 typc >5 >5 I 5 >5 I >5 1993 excecdingrate(%) 100.0 100.0 0.0 33.3 83.3 0.0 83.3 pollution index(P;) 202 53.0 0.08 1.10 3.75 0.22 3.54 pollution rate(%) 76.6 19.8 0.1 0.5 1.5 0.1 1.4 type >5 >5 I 4 >5 I >5 1994 excCCdingratc(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 66.7 100.0 16.7 100.0 pollution index(P,) 238 10.2 0.46 0.82 1.25 0.39 2.08 pollutionratc(%/6) 94.0 4.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.8 type >5 5 2 3 4 I >5
Table 3.2.1 (6) Major Pollution Index and Pollution Composition in the Xiangsijiang River year item Colon bacillus petroICum SS COD,, SOD,| NO.-N NH,-N 1991 cxceedingrate(%) 100.0 66.7 0.0 °9.00.0 0.0 0.0 pollution index(P,) 2.33 6.60 0.1 0.40 0.25 0.11 0.25 pollution rate(%) 19.8 56.0 1.4 3.4 2.1 1.0 2.1
_ type >5 4 1 2 _ 1 _ 1992 cxcccding!ratc(%) 100.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pollution indeX(P,) 9.52 2.60 0.07 0.35 0.25 0.28 0.27 pollution ratC(%) 68.0 18.6 0.5 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.9 type >5 4 I 2 1 1 2
1993 exceedingratC(O/%) 100.0 66_ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.7 Pollutionindex(P,) 13.1 20.20 0.17 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.35 pollution raMC%) 36.4 56.2 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 type >5 >5 1 2 1 1 2 1994 exceeding rate(%) 66.7 33.3 10.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 16.7 pollution indCx(Pi) 1.64 2.0 0.47 0.42 0.25 0.41 0.25 pollution ratC(%) 24.5 29.5 7.0 6.2 3.7 6.2 3.7 tFYPc >5 4 2 2 I 2 1
42 (3) assessment result and its analysis Lijiang River The above data show that the present water quality of the Lijiang River is good, most index are within the standard of Grade 11surface water environment, up to the requirement of first class protected water, that is concentrated drinking water sources and for the protection of rare fish species. But certain items such as coli and petroleum exceeded the standard in 1991-94; DO is a little too low. And that of NH3-Nexceeded the standard of Grade 11water by a big margin. See Table 3.2.2. Its tributaries Field monitoring found that the water quality of Its tributaries the Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Ningyuan River and the Nanxi River basically exceed the standard for Grade III water, and it is deteriorating along with the development of pollution. For example, the index of coli and petroleum exceed the standard for Grade III water in 1991-94. In Xiaodong River in 1993 only three items exceeded the standard, but it increased to 5 items in 1994. They are coli, petroleum, NH3-N, DO, and BOD. The values of coli, petroleum, CODM.,BOD, N0 2-N and NH3-N all exceeding the standard by over 33.3%. The main pollutants in the Taohua River are coli and petroleum. The values of both item exceeded the standard for Grade 11 water in 1991-94. In 1994, the standard-exceeding ratio of DO, NH3-N, CODMn, BOD, N02-N, and SS all increased in 1994. More items exceeded the standard in the Ningyuan River, including coli, petroleum, DO, CODM,,BOD, NH,-N, all by a big margin. Standard exceeding ratio after 1992 were all over 33.3%. Those of SS and N0 2-N increased from 0.0% in 1991-92to 33.3% and 16.7%. Item exceeding the standard in the Nanxi River in 1991-94 included coli, petroleum, COD%,,,BOD, NH3-N, and SS, all exceeding by over 33.3% except that of SS. Major pollutants in the Xiangsi River were coli and petroleum in 1991-94,all exceeding
the standard for Grade III water. Standard exceeding ratio of SS, NH3-N, and N02 -N increased in 1994 as compared with those in 1991. It can thus be seen that the water of rivers in Guilin City is mainly polluted by petroleum and organic matters. Major pollutants include coli, petroleum, NH3-N, N02-N, and BOD. It proves that thc increase of waste water discharged is the most important factor affecting the water quality.. Trend of the change of water quality Fig. 3-5 reveals that the water quality of the Lijiang River has basically remained at the same level, with little variance in the 4 years. The water quality of the Xiangsi River didn't -vary much, but worse in 1994 than in 1is', yet still fairly clean. The Nanxi River and the Ningyuan River are seriously polluted, but the situation improved a little than in 1992 and 1993. The water quality of the Xiaodong River and the Taohua River has been deteriorating rapidly, with their pollution index values increasing, and the content of DO decreased to 2mgfL. This deserves much attention. 2. Water environmental quality of other drainage areas Field monitoring over the water quality of the Luoqing River found the index of items didn't exceed the standard for Grade 11water in 1991-04, its water being fairly clean. Major pollution index are COD,,( and BOD, followed by NH]-N, and N02-N.
43 3. Existing water environmentalquality of the area of the water replenishing project The water at the sections of Maotou of the Lijiang River and the Qingshitan Reservoir is good. That of the Gantang River and the Lingqu River was fairly good in 1992 but good in other years. As a whole the water quality is above fairly good within the area of the project. Major factors affecting the water quality is the standard exceeding of NH3-N in the segment from the Gantang River to the Lingqu River.
3.2.2 Environmental quality of ground wvater(1991-94) (I) Ground water in Guilin City is of three types: karst water, pore water, and crevice water. Karst water is the major type of ground water in Guilin City, which is widely distributed, occupying 76.0% of the area of the basin. Pore water is main distributed in the alluvial terraces along the banks of the Lijiang River and the front proluvial fans. The pore water in the alluvial stratum is mainly stored in the pores of sand pebble stratum, at 10-30m thick with abundant water, forning one of the major water sources. Crevice water in basement is mainly distributedaround the Yaoshan Mountains in its northeast and Huachun Village in its south. As its amount is small, it cannot be used as water source. (2) Chemical composition of ground water: It mainly belongs to HCO3-Ca type with a mineralization of 100-350mg/Land the pH value of 6.5-8, total hardness 4-16.8 Gerrnan degrees, and temperature 16-22-C.. (3) Major pollutants in ground water: NO2--N.NHI+-N, NO,--N, Mn2 , T-Fe and phenol, followed by COD, Total hardness, Hg, pH, Cd and Zn. (4) Analysis on the result of the assessment 9 items exceeded the standard in 1991:pH, total hardness, COD, NH3-N, N02-N, NO- N, T Fe, Mn, and volatilc phenol; 9 items exceeded the standard in 1992: pH, COD, NH3-N, NO.-N, NO,-N, Hg, T Fe, Mn, and volatile phenol; II items exceeded the standard in 1991: Cd and Zn; 7 items excceded the standard in 1994: pH, total hardness. NH,-N, NO.-N, NO3- N, T Fe and Mn. The total arca of good and fairly god underground water in the surveyed area was 270km2 in 1991, accounting for 90% of the total; 279km2 during high water season and 277km2 in low water season in 1992, respectively accounting for 93% and 92% of the total; 286.4km2 during high water scason and 288.9km' in low water season in 1992, respectively accounting for 95.4% and 96.3% of the total; 292.8krn2 in 1994, accounting for 97.6% of the total. The area of fairly poor undergroundwater in 1994 *was7.2km 2 accounting for 2.4% of the total, mainly distributed in: a)along Wucheng-Ximen Rice Flour Mill-brewery; b) along No.3 Pharmaccutical Factory-Wanfutan Dairy, with a polluted area of 2kmU;and c)Yaotou area.
3.2.3 Solid waste matlers 1. Domestic garbage produced in the city Domestic garbage mainly consists of organic matters, inorganic matters (broken bricks, stove dregs, and dirt) and retrievable matters. Along with the rising of people's standard of living and the popularization of liquefied gas, inorganic matters remarkably reduced while
44 N
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o@ I~~~=o ,/~--~ ,\\ -Ln~ 0 , , 's o o i --- o' t-e ~~~~~~~Qd \ ~' \J o 0ig3-7 Dlstnbi6GwmdWater Moni*rn Guiluk Eom 1991 to 1994 Fi&3-7 PistnibU66onof Ground Water Mm in Guilin, fromn1991 to 1994 the proportion of organic matters and retrievable matters increased in the 90's as compared with in the 80's. The total amount of refuse produced was l0O,OOOtin 1991. of which .43,000t was treated to be harmless; 124,000t in 1992, of which 109,500t was transported away and 40.000t trcated to be lharmless;131 OOOtin 1993, of which 120,000t was transported away and 65,000t trcated to be harmless. 2. Environmentalpollution caused by solid waste matters Industrial solid wastc in Guilin City is mainly of stove dreg and flyash, plus some side products arid. tailings reduced through production process. There is no radioactive dreg. Because the adoption of the policy of comprehensiveutilization, industrial waste matters in Guilin City was well handled and under good management. Impact of solid waste in Guilin is mainly caused by domestic refuse. Because the capacity of harmless treatment is far from enough, its pollution to water, soil, and the atmosphere is becoming more and more outstanding. Lack of transporting capacity and transit stations worsens the environment of living quarters of the city inhabitants. Besides, the rapid development of small restaurants increased much garbage, which is not timely treated and is causing many cases of foul smells. 3. Industrial solid waste matters Most of industrial solid waste matters is put into comprehensive utilization, and the remaining part--mostly tailings and flyash--is stored or buried, causing certain harmness to underground water and farm plants nearby. 3.2.4 Ainospheric environmental quality 1. Pollution of the atmosphere Atmospheric pollution in Guilin City is of coal smoke tvpe, mainly caused by smoke discharged by factories, hotels, restaurants and stoves of city inhabitants. Major pollutants include SO., NOx and TSP. Coal is the main encrgy source in Guilin, the urban arcas of the city consumcd 3,998,000t of coal in 1991-94,avcraging 999.500t/a.of which 168,800t/a was for domestic use and 830,080t/a for industrial use. Thcre are 14 major coal consumers in Guilin, like the Guilin Power Station, wvhichon the avcragc consumed 419,500t of coal in 1991-94,accounting for 50.5% of the total amount of coal consumed by industrics. .Amount of waste gas discharged by industries Major coal consumers discharged 9,176.65 million normal m3 of industrial waste gas in 1991-94, averaging 2,294.16 million Nm3, which contained 18.917t/a of SO2 4,259t/a of smoke dust, and 3816t/a of NOx. 3. Atmospheric environmental quality The average daily maximum concentration of SO, in 1991-94 was 0.221-0.447mgfNm', exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere by 10.05-21.35times; the avcragc daily value was 0.024-0.085mg/Nm', exceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere by 0.2-3.25 times. The average daily maximum concentrationof NOx in 1991-94 was 0.054-0.129mglNm3, cxceeding the standard for Grade I atmosphere by 0.08-1.58 times; the avcrage daily value was 0.015-0.024mgfNMm', not cxceedingthc standard for Grade I atmosphere. 46 The average daily maximum concentration of TSP in 1991-94 was 0.480-0.720mg/Nm 3 , exceeding the standard for Grade 11 atmosphere by 1.6-2.4 times; the average daily value was 0.146-0.480mg/Nm3, not exceeding the standard for Grade 11atmosphere. In all, in 1991-94, the average total pollution load of SO2 was the highlest,accounting for 62.93%, followed by TSP and NOx. So SO. is the most important pollutants affecting the atmospheric environment of Guilin City. The above figures show that the average concentrations of the three items decreased as compared with previous years. But viewed from the coefficient of pollution load, that of TSP rose from 0.207 in 1991 to 0.392 in 1994; that of SO, showed a tendency of decrease, dropping from 0.718 in 1991 to 0.486 in 1994. This was the result of the increase of coal consumption, construction projects and vehicles. 3.2.5 Acoustic environmental quality 1. Acoustic environmental quality of Guilin City Environmental noise sources in Guilin are from traffic, daily life, industry, construction, and other noise, of which traffic and daily life are the main ones. the total length of road where equivalent noise intensity exceeded 7OdB(A) in 1991 to 1994 was respectively 43.5km, 43.7km, 47.84km, and 44.83km, all taking up more than 78% of the total length of roads, the highest reached 86.7%. The area where the average equivalent noise intensity exceeded 7OdB(A) during daytime in 1991, 1993, and 1994 respectively accounted for 15.2%, 16.49%, and 8.06%; that exceeding 6OdB(A) respectively 45%, 52.02%, and 39.51%; that exceeding 55dB(A) respectively 67.8%, 74.6%, and 68.95%. 2. Acoustic environmental quality of the Guilin Prefecture Investigation over 21 trunk roads in the counties of thc prefecture found 13 of them had a flow of more than 100/h vehicle, of which the ones in Lingchuan, Lipu and from Gongchcng Segment Factory to the bus station, where thc flow was over 300/h, with the maximum of 6541h. The noise intensity in 9 trunk roads exceeded the controllcd vale by 0.19-3.3dB(A). That of the other 12 roads was within but very ncar thc controlled value. Tlhoughthe traffic flowvin most roads was not verv high, thc poor function of the roads, not separating motored and non-motored vehicles caused much confusion. Some roads don't have pavement and where traffic is in still poorer order. This is the main factor for traffic noise. 3.3 Monitoring over existing environmcntof thc area involved in the project 3.3.1 Environment at thie area of water replenishing project of fie Lijiang River The project to replenish water for the Lijiang River involves the project to replenish water to the Wulixia reservoir, the project to draw water from the Xiaorongjiang River, and the dikes along the Lijiang River. See Table 3.3.1 for the analysis of result monitored. 47 N ,:A° ''''/" ' i 1 _--%fGulin--I ./4" _ - ---~Guli -w-- . ':' < !/>/ ~~~~~~~/._. Qih&mw J. Fig. 3-8 Distnbution ofATMoiioshcrEnviromnncsial ons in Guilin.from 1993 to 1994 Table 3.3.1 Environmental Quality of the Project to Replenish Water to the Lijiang River as Monitored unit: mg/L item pH SS hardness conductivity DO COD,, ______~~~~~~~~~~~ (moL ( m S/Cm) ~ ~~~ range I average range |average molL range| _rtngeaverage I average range| averagcrncIaem Yijiang River Xunjiang 7.36-7.41 7.38 1.0-4 4 2.7 0.13-0.16 0.14 2.32-23.9 23.6 89-9.1 9.0 0.6-0. 0.7 Reservoir dam I I Wuhedam 7.50-7.54 7.52 0O5-84 44 021-0.28 0.24 51.7-56.0 538 8-S. 88 0.8-1.0 0.9 Liangiian 7.58-7.78 7.68 0.5-7.6 4.0 0.35-0.36 0.36 62.2-75.8 69 0 8.6-9.2 S.9 1.3-1.5 1.4 Xiaorongjiang River =_== Laojiangko 7.62-7.76 7.69 0.5-7.0 3.8 0.1S-0.22 0.20 42.3-42.7 42 S .3-9.5 .9 0.7-0.-S 0 Shunjiangko 7.54-7.7.0 7.62 0.5-I.S 1.2 0.18.0.18 0.1I 39 3-431 41.2 8.5-9.9 9.2 0.34.6 0.4 Heko 7.60-7.S0 7,70 0.5-0.5 0.5 0.19-0.22 0.20 44S046 46.3 9.5-9.9 9.7 0.6-0.7 0.6 item 800, NH,-N NO,-N NO,-N Irange| average | rangc aveag J rannge avengc Yijiang River Xunjiang 0.3-0.6 0.4 0.01240.17 0.100 0.0034.052 0.028 0.16-0.17 0.16 Reservoir dam J . Wuhedam 0.4-1.0 0.7 0.28.0.056 0.042 0.00240.005 0.004 0.2440.30 0.27 Langjian 0.4-0.8 0.6 0.11740.251 0.1S4 0.00S.000S 0.008 0.31-0.47 0.39 Xiaorongpiang River Laojiangko 0.7-1.1 0.9 0.020-0.02S 0.024 | 0.003-0.004 0.004 0 2S4.32 0.30 Shunjiangko 0.14.8 0.4 0.01240.012 0.012 0.0030.004 0.004 0.29.0.42 0.36 Heko 0.2-1.2 0.8 0.012.0.012 0.012 | 0.0034.003 0.003 0.444047 0.46 item phenol As Oil Colon bacillus range _v_ _g__ nrange Iaverage range rangeraverge I aveng _ Yijiang River Xunjiang 0.001d40.001d0.001d| 0004d-0.004d 0.004d| 005-0.23d |0.14 2300-200 13050 Reservoir dam I I __I___ I_I I Wuhedam O.001d.0.001d I0.00Id 0.00.4.4004d 4d 0.08..25 0.16 23800-238001 23800 Liangiia I0.00ld-0.001d10j.001d 0~004410.0. 1-0*d 002d10.06 0.04 23800-238001 23800 Xiuorongiuiarg River Lsojiangko 0.0Old04.001d 0.001d 0.0044d-0.004d 0.004d 002d40.05 0.04d 123800-23800 23800 Shunjiangko 0.00ld40.001d 0.001d 0004d-.0040 .004 0.02d4-0.02d | 0.02d | 230-2300 1265 Heko 70.000.0024d.0.0010.001d 0004d44004d 0.0044d 0.02d0.02d 0.02d J_2300-23800 49 Table 3.3.2 (1) Assessment of the Water Environmental quality of the Xiaorongiiang River factor Laojiangko Shun ianc Heko li poliutant li pollutant II pollutant pH-1 0.46 | clear 0.41 clear 0-47 clear DO 0.43 clear 0.36 clear 0.3 clear COD,,, 0.2 clear 0.1 clear 0.15 clear BOD, 0.3 clear 0.13 cicar 0.27 clear NH,-N 0.02 clear 0.01 clear 0.01 ciear NO,-N . 0.04 clcar 0.04 clear 0.03 clear NO,-N 0.03 clear 0.04 clear 0.05 clear phenol 0.5 cicar 0.5 clear 0.5 clear CN- 0.04 clear 0.04 clear 0.04 clear As 0.08 clear 0.08 clear 0.08 clear Hg I lightly-polluted I lightly-polluted I lightly-polluted Cr' 0.04 clear 0.04 clear 0.04 clear Pb 0.1 clear 0.1 clear 0.1 clear Cd 0.1 clear 0.1 clear 0.1 clear petroleum 0.8 lightly-polluted 0.4 clear 0.4 lightly polluted colon bacillus 2.4 polluted 0.12 clear 1.3 polluted Organic index 0.48 clear 0.52 clear 0.4 clear metal index 0.26 clear 0.26 clear 0.26 ciear Table 3.3.2 (2) Assessment of Existing Water Environmental Quality of the Project on the Wulixia Reservoir factor 200m front dam of Wulixia Reservoir BaitangtRiver li pollutant Li pollutant pH 0.9 lightly-polluted 0.61 ciear DO 0.08 clear 0.08 clear COD,_. 0.27 clear 0.24 clear BOD, 0.40 clear 0.15 clear NH,-N 0.10 ciear 0.03 clear NO, - N 0.02 clear 0.02 ciear NO;-FN 0.002 clear 0.002 ciear phenol 0.2 clear 0.2 clear -CN- 0.01 clear 0.01 cicar As 0.07 clear 0.07 clear Hg 0.5 clear 0.5 clear Cr' 0.04 clear 0.04 clear Pb 0.2 clear 0.4 clear Cd 0.5 clear 0.5 ciear ______0.05 clear 0.05 clear ______;1.81 polluted 1.21 polluted Organic indcx 0.15 clear 0.10 ciear metal index 0.26 clear 0.30 clear so I (1) The water environmental qualitv of the two water drawing places is fairly good. Assessment with the standard for Grade II water, Hg and petroleum in the Xiaorongjiang River is lightly-polluted, that of coli polluted. The concentration of T-N in the water of the Wulixia Reservoir is somewhat fairly high whilc other items do not exceed the standard for grade 11water. So high N content is an important problem deserving attention. Table 3.3-3 Noise as Monitored in thc Arca around the Wulixia Reservoir - - April 24 April 25 _ April 26 Location S 00 12:00 16.00 20.00 8 00 12.00 1600 20 00 8 00 12.00 1600 20 00 dam 44.5 44.0 43 44 47 44 5 3 44 44.5 5 43 5 Baitarshong 60 57.44 57.54 38 33 56 35 58 27 67 51 37.07 56.13 57.64 50 68 40 01 April 28 April 29 Leq noise Pn environmental Location S.00 12:00 16:00 20:0 8S 00 12 00 16 00 20 00 sourec quality dam 41 42.5 43 42 42 42 5 43 42 43 4 wnd. water 0 79 _ and bird Baitangehong 61.10 48.24 5S.69 38 78 49 10 56.35 63.09 4076 52.5 tactor, 0.95 _ ______. _.- . - - - .. - -- ___ poulty It can be seen that the acoustic cnvironment at the head of the Wulixia reservoir is quite good, but other places around the reservoir have some noise pollution. Construction noise will cause much impact on thc acoustic environment of the area. So Construction activities should be well arranged. Tablc 3.3A Atmospheric Environmental Quality as Monitored around the Wulixia Reservoir (TSP) monitoring point Wulixia Rescrvoir Baijian shuanghcchong ranze of dailv average 0.05-0.12 0.12-0.26 averatc (5 days) 0.08 0.19 Ii 0.27 0.63 pollutant clear clear The atmospheric quality is very good as the concentration of SS in the area is very low. 3.3.2 Environmental quality around the Chongkougarbage burial ground 1. existing ground water Improper burial of garbage will seriously affect ground watcr. So the protection of ground water is the key link in the assessment there. (I) Distribution of observing wells over ground water There are two groups of observation wells, one in the reservoir area, where 3 monitoring points were chosen, of which 2 were ground controlled ground water, and I 51 spring in the reservoir area; the other in villages around the garbage burial ground and drinking water wells, where 10 monitoring points were chosen. 1# well in Tangchun Village, 2# well in Shimai Village, 3# spring in the reservoir area, 4# well in Chongkou Village, 5# well in Chitou Village, 6# well in Shawan Village, 7# well in Dayue Village, 8# well in Sitang Village, 9# Chongkou garbage burial ground second hole in No.1 area, I0# Chongkou garbage burial ground tenth hole in No.2 area. (Fig. 3-1 1). (2) Items monitored and analyzed BOD,, COD, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr', Cu Zn, Mn, pH, NH3-N,T-N, N0 2-N, and N03-N. (3)Monitored result and analysis a)Monitored result Monitored result is listed in Table 3.3.5. 11 items were detected and 5 items undetected: As, Pb, Cd, Hg, and Cu. b) Standard fro assessment "GB5749-85 Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water" and standard for Grade 1I set in "BGIT14848-93Standard for Ground Water Quality". Table 3.3.5 Assessment of Ground Water of the Area of the Project Uniit: mg/L No. point iten BOD, COD Zn Mn pH hardness T-N NO2 -N NO,-N I I (muolVL) I I # Tangchongexcecding ratc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 exceeding times 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0. 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 2# Shimai exceedingrate 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 exceedingtimes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3# Spring exceeding rate 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 excceding times 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4# Chunko cxceedingratc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cxcceding timcs 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SM Citou cxceeding rate 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 100 0.0 0.0 cxceeding times 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 7.4 0.0 0.0 6# Sayuan cxceeding rate 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 - exceedingtimes 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 74 Dayuc exceeding ratc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 exceedingtimes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 0.0 0.0 84 Sitang cxceedingratc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 100 100 cxceeding timcs 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 100 100 9# 2' execeding rate 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 = = _exceeding times 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.01 0.0 _ 10# 10' exceedingratc 0.0 00 00 100 0.0 0.0 excecdingtimes 0.0 0.0 0.0 2s.0 0.01 0.0 52 The table shows that except the values of pH in the spring in the reservoir area, hardness in the Chitou Village well, T-N in Sitang Village well, Chitou Village well, Shawan Village well, and Dayue Village well, and T-N in Sitang Village well, all the other itemswere within the standard fro drinking water; except the values of Cd in points 9# and 10a, all the other items were within the standard for Grade 11water. Acidic pH valuc at point 3# was caused by its mother rock; high hardness at point 5# was caused by rich content of Ca and Mg in its stratum: standard exceeding T-N values at points 1#, 5#, 6#, 7#, and 8# showed ground_waterthere was already polluted by chemical fertilizer and pesticide, which deserves attention; the high content of Mn at point 9# was because the stratum there contained asbeferrite and the content of DO in its ground water was low. 2. Existing atmosphericenvironment The area of the proposed project is located in hilly lands wvithlow pitch, where the landscape is comparatively flat and open. There is in nearby areas only some villages but no industrial pollution sources. the Guilin-Liangjiang high wav runs through to the north of the burial ground. To compare with the Grade tl standard set in document GB3095-82 "Atmospheric EnvironmentalStandard' and document GB 14554-93 "Standard for the Discharging of Pollutants with Foul Smells", none of the values of TSP, SO2,CHl,, and H2S (Table 3.3.6). Table 3.3.6 Assessmentof the Atmospheric Environment unit: mg/im' Mionitoringpoint Chongko Dayuc Citou Sawan SO, Averagc(5 days) 0.009 0.043 0.009 0.012 Ci/Si 0.06 0.28 0.06 0.08 TSP Averagc (5 days) 0.012 CiISi 0.40 Ci1, Avcragc (5 days) 0.015 0.01 0.02 0.03 Citsi 0.01 0.0070 0.01 0.02 1u.S Averagc15 days) 0.0034 0.005 0.003 0.004 Ci/Si 0.057 0.08 0.05 0.07 Notcs:Ci -fvc dayaveraec conctntration of itemi Si - daily averagcconccntration of item i 3. Existing noise environment S3 Table 3.3.7 Assessment of Local Noise Environment as Monitored unit: dB(A) Linggui residence Guanting rtsidence Beijing Beijing Chunko rcsidcnce f&ihuang road of Liuchun village' of village' village' villagc' of Chongko forestry villagc road Guanting road school road village village I 2# _1#3# 4A 5# 6N 7 _g___ 9# standard 70 60 70 60 70 60 70 60 70 monitoring 71.0 57.6 71.4 56.3 72.2 63.5 72.4 51.4 66.9 M.S +1.0 -24 +14 -3.7 +22 +3.5 +2.4 4.6 -3.I Notes;+: exceedingthe standard;-: not exceedingthe standard Table 3.3.7 Noise along the Highways as Monitored No. Location of monitoring point Lcq [dB(A)l traffic value (1/h) noise ______L,OL,O L., Lcq a L M I S I T resource I4 traffic noise of Lingui' road 71 59 51 71.0 7.9 42 21 54 117 traffic 2# local noise of 02 residence of Liuchun village 62 53 46 57.6 5.7 local 3# traffic noise of road of Guantin village 73 63 54 71.4 7.4 30 27 60 117 traffic 4# local noise of residence of Guanting village 60 52 45 56.3 5.7 local 5# traffic noise of road of Bijin village 73 55 43 72.2 11.0 57 27 54 138 traffic 6A local noise near Jiangxi school of Beijinvillage 68 52 46 63.5 8.3 _ local 7# traffic noise of road of Lingui village 75 59 48 72.4 10.2 39 21 108 163 traffic 8# local noise of 54 rcsidenceof Chongko village 55 48 44 51.4 4.4 local 9a traffic noisc of road of Fethuwngforestry 67 50 42 66.9 9.8 15 27 78 110 traffic 0D Assessment of traffic noise: Traffic noise at four points of the five points monitored exceeded the standard. Noise pollution in the area is serious and traffic control must be strengthened to reduce the noise. O Assessment of local noise environment: Noise at 5 points of the 9 points monitored s..exceededthe standard, with a standard.exceeding ratio of 55.5%. Most of the noise is traffic noise, which causes much noise pollution. 4. Existing soil condition The assessment on the content of heavy metals in soil adopted the method of average value plus twice standard difference. Monitoring found the content of Cu is the area of the projcct, the content of Cd in the farmland of Chitou Village, the content of Cr in the slopes down the dikes and the content of As in the farmland down the slopes of the dike were of light pollution. Other places were clean. 54 3.3.4 Monitoring and assessment on existing environment of the waste water treating project in Guilin City 1. Monitoringand assessment of existing atmospheric environmentalquality Table 3.3.8 Monitoring and Analysis on TSP, SOQ,and NOx unit: mg/Nm' TSP SO, Nx _ urban part vest district west district west district 5-days Ci/Si 5-days CiISi 5-days Ci/Si 5-days Ci/Si averagc average average _ averc is 0.26 0.87 0.19 0.63 0.010 0.067 0.040 0.40 27 0.39 1.30 0.77 2.57 0.021 0.140 0.084 0.84 3' 0.30 1.00 0.07 0.23 0.011 0.073 0.021 0.21 4' 0.25 0.83 0.17 0.57 0.031 0.207 0.046 0.46 5' 0.26 0.87 0.14 0.47 0.022 0.147 0.031 0.31 6' 0.27 0.90 0.l2 0.40 0.012 0.080 0.033 0.33 7' 0.20 0.67 B# 0.20 0.67 9' 0.41 1.37 10' 0.19 0.63 C\ The values of TSP at all the monitored pints in the area of the waste water treating project in the urban part of Guilin City all exceeded the standardsometimes, the most serious being at Heishan Botanical garden and the gate of Jianyuan Hotel. All these were caused by local production activities. ) The value of SO, monitored in the area of the waste water treating project in Xicheng District did not exceed the standard for Grade 11(set in document GB3095-82); the values of TSP and NOx exceeded the standard only at point 2" in Rongshan Road. It may have been caused by the discharge of chimney of Lushan Cement Plant to its northcast. 2. Investigationand analysis of existing surface water environmental qualitv The following conclusions can be drawn from the result monitored over main pollutants in 1995-96(Table 3.3.9 and Fig. 3-9): a_) Thc area of the waste water treating project of the urban part of Guilin City Water at the Liujia Bridge section on the XiaodongjiangRiver, sections at Doujishan, Longmen, Mopanshan, and Zhemu on the Lijiang River all had items exceeding the standard, therefore polluted to different degrees. The coefficient of six items at the section of Liujia Bridge exceeded the standard: CODM,,CODc,, DO, non-ion ammonia, petroleum, coli. This serious pollution was because it received water discharged by the Qilidian waste water treating plant, large amount of industrial waste water and domestic sewage. 55 The four section on the Lijiang River had common items exceeding the standard: DO, non-ion ammonia, petroleum and coli. There are many causes for the deficiency of DO, including biological cause and physical and chemical cause. Petroleum mainly came from boats navigated along the river. As for coli and non-ion ammonia, the main cause was industrial waste water and domestic sewage the river received. Pollutant concentration of the four sections on the Lijiang River is basically of the following order: Doujishan > Zhemu > Longmen > Mopanshan. This trend was caused by the distance of the river's lower reaches from the city: the farther, the stronger self purifying capacity. () The area of the waste water treating project in Xicheng District Standard exceeding ratio all reached 14.3% at the six sections of the flood draining canal, up the outlet of the Xiaotaiping River, Damatang, the outlet of the Taiping River of the Yijiang River, and down the outlet of the Yijiang River. Water at five of the six sections (except the one up the outlet of the Taiping River) were already polluted to different degrees. where the standard exceeding items were petroleum and coli, mainly caused by the oil leakage of motored boats and the discharge of untreated domestic sewage and industrial waste water. There wasn't much variance of other items at different sections. This shows there was so far no strong pollution sources at these sections. 2.5 ~~~~~~~~~~4 2 3 mIg/L 5 mg/L 2 0 0 Doujish Zhanm Longm Jfl5jj Daiuang Xiaotai Dama Daiping Yijiang downof an u en shan pinghc tang heko ko yijiansko waste watcr treating project westc water treating project of of urbanpart in Guiling City westdistrict of Guiling City Fig. 3-9 Monitored results over the waste Water treating Project in Guilin City 56 Table 33.9 Assessment of watcr Quality at the Area of the Waste Water Treating Project in the Urban Part of Guilin City unit: mg/L section item CODM, BOD, SS DO non-ion Oil colon ammnia bacillus Doujishan exceeding ratc(%) 0 33.3 0 77.7 33.3 66.6 100 S, 058 O.80 0.22 1.37 1.05 4.80 23.8 Liujia bridge exceedingratel%) 100 100 0 IOD 100 100too 100 S., 3.82 9.78 0.56 1.98 35.45 83.40 238.00 Longmen exceeding rate(%) 0 0 0 100 33.3 44.4 100 S, 0.50 0.47 0.16 2.10 1.00 1.60 10.3 Mepanshang exceeding rate(%) 0 0 0 100 33.3 22.2 88.9 0.43 0.33 0.13 1.36 0.55 2.80 2.14 Zhanmu exceeding rate(%) 0 0 0 77.7 33.3 66.6 t00 Sn; 0.42 0.60 0.20 1.41 1.05 3.00 16.7 flood drainage canal exceeding rate(%) 0 0 0 0 33.3 33.3 66.6 _S. i ______0.53 0.70 0.44 0.41 0.75 2.20 3 up outlet of R. Xiao- exceedingrate(%) 0 0 33.3 0 0 66.6 1.66 taipinghe Si, 0.45 0.30 0.62 0.42 0.40 1.40 3 Damnatang exceeding rale(%) 0 O 0 0 0 66.6 100 ______S., 0.43 0.33 0.52 0.47 0.50 1.40 2.38 up outiet of R. Tai- exeeeding rate(%) 0 0 0 0 0 33.3 0 pinghe S. 0.47 0.33 0.43 0.46 0.55 0.80 0.23 up outiet of R. Tai- exceeding rate(%) 0 0 0 O 0 33.3 100 pinghc(R.Y) S,i 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.42 0.10 1.60 2.38 down outici of R.Tai- excceding rate(%) 0 0 0 0 0 33.3 33.3 pinghe (R.Y) IS, 0.48 0.25 0.54 0.51 0;65 1.80 0.95 3. Monitoring and analysis on the acoustic environment of the area of the project The assessment was carried out according to the standard for Gradc 1I mixcd areas set in document GB3096-93 "Local Environmental Noise Standard in Urban Areas", that is &9dB(A)during daytime and 50dB(Ai)atn.ight. 57 Table 3.3.10 Noise Monitored at the Area of the Waste Water Treating Project in the Urban Part of Guilin City No. location of monitoring point Leq dB(A) trafhic main L10 L, LU. Leq a (I/b) resource l# Local noise of liashan middle school 54 45 43 49.9 4.1 local 2# traffic noise near Heishan Park 75 67 60 71.2 5.7 951 traffic 3# local noise of No.8 middle school 77 72 66 74.6 4.0 1410 traffic 4# local noise of hospital attached to Dongjian hospital 58 48 44 61.1 6.5 local 5# local noise of the gate of No.4 middlc school 66 59 55 64.6 4.8 local 6# local noise of Diyuan restaurant 64 53 49 62.8 6.1 traffic 7# local noise of Clinic at lift of Donggiang school 70 63 S8 67.3 4.8 local 8# local noise of the gate of Qixin Park 58 52 50 56.8 3.6 local 9# taffic noise the water supplying plant 76 69 63 74.8 5.4 1377 traffic 10# local noise of Guanshan Hotel 61 55 49 57.9 4.7 traffic Il# traffic noise of lianyuan restaurant 73 67 62 71.4 4.7 1149 traftic 12# local noise of Zhangmu school 53 47 38 49.4 5.8 local Table 3.3.11 Noise on the Lingui village as Monitored No. location of monitoring point Loq [dB(A)1 traffic main Lto L, Lq Leq a (I/h) resource 1# No.61 Rongshan Road 74 64 57 70.5 6.4 345 traffic 2# building of 200m from traffic tumtable 55 49 46 51.7 3.4 construct 3# Clinic from Diamond Plant 74 64 56 70.4 7.1 393 traffic 43 4 buildine of East part of trafftc tunable 54 50 47 52.1 2.8 local 5# No.120 Rongmindadao Road 75 67 64 71.5 4.4 420 tamfic 6# building of right site of Cement Plant 69 59 52 65.9 6.8 222 trafric 71 The gate of town government department 64 56 50 63.8 5.7 _ traffic -8# No. 33 Huiyuan Road 67 59 54 65.2 5.6 taffic 9# Retang saving bank of Gunshang Bank 78 64 54 76.5 8.9 219 traffilc 10# Renmin hospital 72 65 59 69.1 5.3 366 local 11# light building of Renmin hospital 56 52 50 55.3 3.0 local 12# Xicheng Printing house 70 61 56 63.3 5.0 tritc I) the Area of the waste water treating project in the urban part Of the 12 pints monitored, the equivalent noise intensity at 8 points exceeded the standard, with a ratio of 66.7%. 58 To the right of the gate of No. 8 High School is the main traffic route of the city's urban part, where the flow of vehicles was high. There were many pedestrians and a high flow of vehicles in front of the gate of Dongjiang water mill. Noise at the above two points exceeded the standard by a large margin, respectivelv rcaching 74.6dB(A) and 74.8dB(A) respectively with a vehicle flow of 1 41 0/h and 1 377/h. As the project is located in trunk traffic routes of the city, traffic noise forms the major noise load pollution. Noise long trunk traffic routes all exceeded the standard sometimes. 2) The area of the waste water treating project in Xicheng District Traffic of both vehiclesand pedestrians was very busy to the right of the Ertang Savings Department of the Industrialand Commercial Bank in Linggui Town, where noise pollution was serious. When the flow of vehicles reached 219/h, the equivalent noise intensity could reach 76.5dB(A). Then the equivalent noise intensity at points near No. 120 in Renming Avenue, No. 61 in Rongshan Road, and 50m to the left of the diamond factory in Linggui Town respectively reached 71.5dB(A), 70.5dB(A), and 70.3dB(A) when the vehicle flow was respectively420/h, 345/h and 393/h. In this area traffic was also the main source of noise pollution and the intensity of noise exceeded the standard. 59 4. Predicted Environmental Impact and Controlling Measures 4.1 Recognition and screening of environmental affecting factors to be assessed 4.1.1 Purpose Factors affecting the environment at different stages and their degrees were studied according to tie characteristics of the project if comprehensive environment treatment of the Lijiang River and major cnvironmental problems which might appear during the construction and operation of the project were screened out to be used as basis for key assessment. 4.1.2 Method ofscreening The matrix method was used in the assessment. 4.1.3 Result of screening The result of the screening of the factors affecting the environment during the construction and operation of the project was listed in Table 4.2.1. I. Major environmental problems and affecting factors Major environmental problems caused by the project of comprehensive treatment of the Lijiang River arc: (I )Raised dust, noise, and foul smell during the construction will affect the atmospheric quality and people's life. Especially problem of piling of the castaway earth and the vegetationn destory during construction. (2) Potential thrcat of refusc leaching to ground watcr; foul smells produced by waste water treating plants and rcfuse landfill, impact of mud clay produced by waste water trcating plants. and possible environmental problems in areas where water will bc drawn. It can be seen from Table 4.2.1 that the impact during the operation of the project will be mainly positive while its impact during the construction will be mainly negative. Negative impact are manifested through the impact of construction noise to the acoustic environment and the impact of raised dust on the atmospheric environment, and the impact of transportation vehicles on the city's tramTc.As the construction sites of the laying of waste water pipelines will in the downtown area of the city, the impact will be quitc serious. The project of replenishing water from the Lijiang River will occupy much land, causing much impact on the vcgetation, land utilization, and tourist scenarios. 60 Table 4.2.1 Recognition of Factors Affecting the Environment and Their Degrees of the Construction of the Comprehensive Treating Project of the Lijiang River Construction operation Item replenishing protection refuse wastewater replenishing protection refuse wastewater waterproject dikes disposal treating water dikes disposal treating project project project Groundwatcr -1 + 1 +2 quality. _ Surfacewatcr +2 + I hydrology Surfacewater -I -1 -I +3 +2 +2 +3 quality Atmosphere I 4 4 -2 +2 quality __._. Noise -I -I -1 -2 cnvironment UTbanecology + I + I + I Farrniand -l + I + I ccology City landscapc -I -2 +3 +3 +2 +3 Aquaticecology 4I + I + I + I + I Forestvegetation -2 I I + I + I + I land-use 2 I -1 +2 +2 Industry + 1 +3 +2 development Agriculture + I development Watersupply + I + I + I +2 quality _ transportation I I _I +2 +_I _- Social economy - _ I + I +2 4-3 +2 Healthand safest - I -2 +2 +3 +2 Living standard +3 +2 + I Recreation _I +2 +2 + I Cultureheritage _I + I + I Aestheticand I I I +3 +3 +1 +2 tourism Employment +1 +1 ++ +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 61 4.2 Analysis of environmental impact 4.2.1 Characteristics of environmenIal impact The Lijiang comprehensive treatment project has positive and negative, long term and short term, reversible and irreversible, and local and extensive impact. See Table 4.2.2 for the result of analysis. Negative impact is basically during the construction of the project, of short term, reversible and local, while positive impact is basically during its operation, of long term and gxtensive. So after the project is completed and put into operation the major impact will be favorable, though there will be local unfavorable impact. Table 4.2.2 Analysis of the Environmental Impact of the Lijiang Comprehensive Treatment Project Negativcimpact Positiveimpact construc- opera- rcvr- irever- local wide construc- opera- local wide tion tion sive sive tion tion Ground waterquality V - V v v Surface water hydrology V / _ V V Surface water quality / ; v V V Atnosphere quality V/ V V V Noise environment / V V/ _ V _ Urbanccology V / / _ V V Farmiand ecology __ _ Cirylandscape / _ V V Aquatic ecology V / V V V Forcst vegetation /V V land use | V V __ Industry developmcnt _ ____ Agriculturc developmcnt |______ Water supply qualitv |_ |__ / | | V V V V -transportion V/ V V | / Social economy Healthand safest |V V V/ Livingstandard | Rerciatin V VVV V Cultur heritage ____|_ V |/ _V Acstheticand tourism v | V V V 62 Of the three subprojects of the Lijiang comprehensive treatment project, the construction of the Lijiang water replenishing subproject, and the construction of the city's waste water treating system subproject will have serious environmental impact. The first one involves a large area and will last for a fairly long time; the second involves large quantity of earthwork and the laying of pipelines will destroy certain length of road, causing inconvenience to people's life. During the operation of the project, the Lijiang water replenishing subproject, waste water treating plints and refuse landfill will have some unfavorable impact. Noise and foul smell produced by waste water treating plants will have much impact on their surrounding areas. The disposal of refuse may increase the city's traffic. The fouls smell and percolation leaching of the refuse landfill will have negative impact on surrounding environment.The water replenish project will draw water out of the city and that will have long-tern impact, but the impact of drawing water into the city will also be of long term. On the whole, the project will mainly have positive impact after it is put into operation. Possible environmental impact caused by its subprojects: 1. Raised dust, noise, and solid wastes during the construction will have some impact on the atmospheric quality and people's life. The added transportation will affect the city's traffic. And the construction will have some impact on the landscapeof the city. 2. During its operation there will be some im,pacton the functions of the water bodies from which water is drawn out: the lower reaches of the Xiaorongjiang River, and the Rongjiang River. 3. Secondary pollution to surface water and ground water may be caused by mud produced by waste water treating plants, percolation leaching from the refuse landfill. Gas produced by waste water treating plants will havc foul smell and affect thc atmosphere. 4. Water discharged by waste water treating plants will have some impact on ncarby water bodies and finally on the Lijiang River. 5. Foul smell and noise produced by waste water treating plants will affect surrounding environment. 4.2.2 Result of tfe recognition and screening of the factors that wvillaffect tfie environment _ Negative impact is manifested dilring.the construction of the-project, of short term, reversible and local, while positive impact will be shown during its operation, of long term and extensive. So after the project is completed and put into operation the major impact will be favorable. Major environmental problems brought by the construction of the project are: 1. Raised dust and noise will have impact on the atmospheric quality and people's life. The laying of pipelines and the construction of water drawing tunnels, the collecting and transporting of construction refuse will have much impact. 2. Refuse landfill will have impact on ground water and inhabitants nearby. But as a whole the project is an environmental project with remarkable benefit. 63 4.3 Division of the functions of Guilin City and the control over the total amount of pollutants discharged into the Lijiang River Guilin is a famous tourist city with many places of historical interests, known from its "green mountains, clean water, strange caves and beautiful stones". Its natural landscape is unique in China. The city government is determined to build the city into a fairly well-off city with rational industrial structurc and energy utilization by the end of this century, and into a prosperous, wcll-off international tourist city with beautiful environment by the year of 2010. 4.3.1 Overall- -lanningof Guilin City and goals of different stages 1. Major economic goals The GNP of Guilin City reached 5.194 billion yuan in 1994. The city will realize its second strategic goal and march towards the third goal in the next fifteen years. See Table 4.3.1 for the goals set in the ninth five years plan and that of the year 2010. Table 4.3.1 Goals of National Economy of Guilin City unit: i 00 million yuan item firststratcgic goal (I 9952000) secondstrategic goal(2001-2010) GNP 77.87(12.88%) 201(10%) industry income 167 (14.5%) 446 (10.3%) agriculture income 10.68 (5.2%/e) 16.6(4.5%) town's industrvincome 92 (5.2%) 557 (20%) tourism incomc 22 (15%) 57 (10%) averagcannual domcstic incomc 9400 vuan ( 14%/) 29200yuan (12%) avcragc annual farncr incomc 2730 yuan ( 16%) 10121 yuan ( 14%) Notcs: Q Stabicpricc of 1990 (D ()showingaverage annual increasingrte 2. Plan for populationdevelopment Thc total population of Guilin City wvas12,820,000 in 1994, which 381,300 were -urban population. The figures will btumrollcd to be 1,450,000 and 470,000 by the year 2000 and 1 620,000 and 580,000 by 2010. Tourists to the city'reaches 354,500 person - times in 1994 with a tourism income of 832 million yuan. The figures planned for the year of 2000 are 600,000 person - times/a and 2.2 billion yuan, and for the year of 2010 1 million person * times/a and 5.7 billion yuan. 3. Construction plan of Guilin City The total area of Guilin City is 4,195 km2. The constructed area in 1994 was 465,000km2. Xicheng District and Lingchuan County will undergo large scale development so as to form a new spatial layout of several centers. 64 Energy structure of Guilin City will be changed form mainly relying on coal to comprehensive use of power and petroleum. Great efforts will be made to popularize liquefied gas. 4.3.2 Planning offJunctions of lhe city 1. Division of environmentalfunctions of the city Guilin City will be divided into four types of functional areas, laying stress to the protection of the natural landscape and places of humanity interests. Industry shall be deveioped on the premise of protecting the living environment of the inhabitants. Industry with high technique and clean industry will be main ones. (I) Key protection areas refer to areas with high demand for comprehensive environmentalprotection, including tourist attractions, places of historical interest and health resorts. It covers over 50 places such as the Lijiang landscape zone, the Taohua River tourism and holidav zone, and the Yoashan Mountain Protection zone. (2) General protection areas refer to the living quarters and commercial quarters which needs fairly high environmental demands. It is mainly the present downtown area of the city, boarded by Lingchuan County to its north, Dafengshan industrial zone to its south, Qixin Park and Chuanshan Park to its east and the planned Qingtan District to its west. (3) Pollution control area refers to present industrial zone, which will be gradually changed into a clean industrial zone where the construction of new pollution source will be strictly controllcd. This is the high technology development zone of Guilin, which is located along Sanlidian and Donghuan Road with an arca of 12.07km1 . (4) Industrial development area refers to Xicheng industrial zone and the area along the road leading to the intemational airport and the Guilin-Louzhou highwav, where industries of chcmicals, energy, construction material. textile. food processing, and infrastructure of major industries will be developed. Arcording to the plan, the development there will be rapid, of large scalc and with high land utilization intensity. The function of the land there will be complicated. There be an overall plan to control the total amount of pollution and pollution discharge fee will be reached. 2. Division of atmospheric function C) Grade I atmospheric quality_protectionareas: Lijiang River and scenarios along it (Ludi Park, Xishan Park, Tomb of Jingjiang King), urban part of the city, and high technology development zone 0 Grade 11atmospheric quality protection area: Xicheng industrial zone 3. Division of water environmental function (D Trunk of the Lijiang River: follow the standard for Grade It water as set in document GB3838-88 0) Tributarics of the Lijiang River: follow the standard for Grade IlI water 65 (D Scenery lakes and ponds: follow the standard for Grade IlIl water by the year 2000 and follow the standard for Grade II water by the year 2010 G Grade I water source protection areas: Besides reaching the standard for Grade II water as set in document GB3838-88, it should follow the standard set in document GB5749- 85 "Hygienic Standard for Drink water" ®) Grade II water source protection areas: the trunk of the Lijiang River from the Dahexu Town wharf in the upper reach to the Jingping Mountain Bridge, except the areas denoted for Grade I water source protection areas, follow the standard for Grade [I water as set in document GB3838-88 () Para water source protection areas: tributaries of the Lijiang River the Taohua River, the Ningyuan River, the Nanxi River, and 200m up the outlet of the Xiaodongjiang River, follow the standard for Grade III water as set in document GB3838-88 4. Division of acoustic environmental function It is also divided into four types: Ci)Special living quarters and quarters of inhabitants, culture and education: noise intensity does not exceed 55dB(A) during daytime and not exceeding 45dB(A) at night. It is divided into 9 quartcrs. (D Mixed quarters of inhabitants, commerce and industry: noise intensity does not exceed 6OdB(A) during daytime and not exceeding 5OdB(A) at night. It is divided into 9 quarters. It is also divided into 9 quarters. d Industrial areas: noise intensity does not exceed 65dB(A) during daytime and not exceeding 55dB(A) at night. It is divided into 4 quarters. ® Areas along trunk traffic routes: noise intensity does not cxceed 7OdB(A) during daytime and not exceeding 55dB(A)at night. 4.3.3 Environmental planning goals of Guilin City, macroscopic pollutant control goal and control areas l. Aim (I) The goal for the environmental protection of the ninth five-year plan: to basically control the development trend of environmental pollution, to stabilize the environmental -quality and to gradually choke the.destmction of the ecoenvironment, so as to meet the demand for people's fairly well-off living and to make the construction of the environment suit to the development, thus laying a foundation for building the city into a prosperous, beautiful internationally known city with beautiful environment. (2) Environmental protection goal for the year of 2010: to control envirorunental pollution, to further improve the city's environmental quality and restore its ecoenvironment, to harmonize the economic development with the environment, so as to turn the city into an internationallywell known city. 2. Target of control 66 See table 4.3.2 for the control over the total amount of pollutants to be discharged. Table 4.3.2 (1) Target of Total Amount Control of Pollutants Discharge forthe Year 2000 itcm unit target item unit target SO,(industrv) t 45000 COD t 11947 TSP(industry) t 30000 domestic waste water 10000t 5102 wastewater industrv) 10000t 6616 _ _ Table 4.3.2(2) Target of Total Amount Control of Pollutants Discharge for the Year 2010 itcm unit target item unit target SO.(industry) t 54000 COD t 26979 TSP(industry) t 36000 domestic waste water 10000t 8853 wastewateT(industry) 10000t | 14941 _ 3. Controlled zones In an area of 27.21km 2 smoke dust was brought into control in 1994, covering 58.52% of the city; And in an area of 17.31km 2 noise was brought down to within the standard, covering 37.23% of the city. 4. Total amount control target of pollutants to be discharged into the Lijiang River (I) Scope and aim of control Scope: nie Lijiang River and its tributaries, major scenic lakes and ponds Aim: the water quality of the Lijiang River should reach the standard for Grade If surface water set by the state; tributaries of the Lijiang River and scenic lakes and ponds will reach the standard for Grade III water by 2000 and the standard for Grade If water by 2010. COD was chosen as the implcmenting index, the average monthly flow for the lowest water scason in ten years was uscd to determine the amount of COD to be discharged into the Lijiang River and its tributaries by 2000 and 2010. The calculation didn't take into account the water to be replenished (Table 4.3.3). - Table 4.3.3 Controlled A*mnut of COD to be Discharged into the Lijiang River and its Tributaries .______.______.u ______nit: tla River year 2000 2010 yea 2000 2010 River Rivcr Lijiang River 1939 1935 Nanxi River 27 21 Taohuajiang River 280 105 Liangfen River 42 34 (2) Present discharge in the controlled scope 67 Table 4.3.4 lists the amount of industrial waste water discharged into the Lijiang River, the Taohua River and the Nanxt River. Table 4.3.4 Industrial Waste Water Directiv Discharged into the Rivers in 1993 name of river amount of wasic water item (V/a) I1000ot/a SS COD phenol CN oil Crb- S R.Lijiane 877.15 370.84 295.9 0.003 0.010 7117 0.008 0.012 R.Taohuajiane 552.92 406.93 1335.0 0.010 14.50 0.007 0.240 R.Nanxi 226.04 36.53 164.1 0.011 5.38 0.001 The amount of domestic sewage directly discharged into the rivers: into the Lijiang River 3021 million t/a (containing 2 495.35t/a of COD); into the Taohua River 5.27 million t/a (containing 435.62tla of COD);into the Nanxi River I million t/a (containing 82.6t/a of COD) (3) The amount to be cut according to the plan of the project The prediction of the amount of industrial waste water and COD, domestic sewage and COD were predicted in the basis of the amount discharged in 1993. See Table 4.3.5(1) and (2). Table 4.3.5(1) Prediction on the Amount of Industrial Waste Water and COD Discharged in Guilin City year 2000 2010 2020 item industrial up 10%/0 7211.34 17927.69 wastcwatcr 2000 and 2010 ycar plan 6616.88 14941.50 30615.85 (10000/a) down 10%o 6068.91 12435.18 COD up 10%'1 13014.5S 32354.68 (I/a) 2000 and 2010 year plan 11947.75 26979.06 55281.41 down I10% 10958.30 22453.54 Table 4.3.5(2) Prediction on the Amount of Domestic Sewage and COD Discharged in Guilin City year 2000 2010 2020 Item domestic sewagc(10000/a) 8266.74 10291.71 12757.16 COD(t/a) 6828.18 8514.29 10580.44 The control and treatment of industrial pollution sources will be the key link and the most difficult part in the protection of thc city's water environment. According to the plan, the treating ratio of industrial waste water should reach 80% in 1995, and 60% for key enterprises, The figures are respectively90% and 75% for 2000 and 100% and 80% in 2010. 68 Industrial waste water will undergo pretreatment before it is sent to waste water treating plants to further remove its COD. The proportion of pretreated wastewater will reach 60% in 2000 and 100% in 2010. To realize the goal of pollution control, the enterprises themseives have to cut 25,280kg/d of COD in 2000 and 29,594kg/d in 2010. This will be a hard task. 4.3.4 The planfor treating wvasiegas, saste water, and solid waste matters in Guilin City and its investment 1. Investmcnt plan The main environmental problem in Guilin City is that of water, both in quantity and quality. So the trcating of pollution in Guilin should grasp water as the key link in he comprehensive treatment plan. It is the foremost important task to improve the natural landscapeof Guilin City, especially protectingthe Lijiang River for the lifeline of the city, to maintain sustainable developmentof the city and its overall plan for environmental control. Measuresto be taken before the year of 2000: () The investment for the Lijiang River water replenishing construction, its dikes, waste water treating construction, dredging of scenery lakes and ponds, and technological processwaste water treating constructionwill be 1-1.5 billion yuan. Scientific methods will be adopted to treat industrial waste water and domestic sewage lest it should continue to pollutc the Lijiang River, rationally control water resources to guarantee certain flow of the river so as to increase its water environmentalcapacity. () It is estimated that thc investment for the comprehensive treatment of the atmospheric environment, including localcentralization of heat supply to eliminated scattered point sources of small stoves, thicexpansion of gas stations to realize the change of household fuel structure, the adoption of clean energy and the establishment of smoke control area in the city will bc 100million yuan. 0 Another 100 million yuan will be needed for the investment in the solid wastes treatment project, which includes hygienic burial of garbagc, rebuilding of garbage transit stations, and the coal dust comprehensive utilization project. Garbage produced will bc transported and disposed on the same day it is produced. Overall management on the disposal of harmful substances will be established. OGRoad rebuilding, aforestation nf the city and the ecological engineering along the Lijiang River, and comprehensive treatment for reducing the city's noise and maintain its natural landscape will need 560 million yuan. 2. Measuresto cut the total amount of pollutants in the Lijiang River (D Rational layout and optimizationof industry structure According to the strategy of the city's overall development, its west will undergo large scale development so as to make full use of the water system of the Liujaing River to reduce the amount of pollutants discharged into the Lijiang River. If the amount of pollutants discharged into the Lijiang River is cut by 1%, the amount of COD contained in industrial 69 waste water to be discharged into the Lijiang River will be 26 187kg/d in 2000 and 59 132kg/d in 2010. If industry structure is optimized and popular clean production and strictly control industries which will cause pollution, the effect will be still better. (D Adjustment of water flow to increase the water environmental capacity of the Lijiang River during low water season. The first phase of the Lijiang River water replenishing project has been completed. Take 9m3 /s for the designed flow increased in the lowest water season in ten years, its water environment capacity for COD will increase 5 514kg/d; the second phase has the designed capacity of I Om3/s, after its completion the capacity for COD will increase II 785kg1d. (D Construction of city waste water treating plant here are now three waste water treating plants in the city with a total capacity of 78,50Ot/d.Another plant with a capacity of 100 OOOtIdis being built. According to the plan the proportion of waste water treated will be 40% in 2000 and 70% in 2010. Tlhatis to say, the city's waste water treating capacity will reach i 80 000t/d in 2000 and 560 OOOt/din 2010. cO The control and treatment of industrial pollution source 90% of industrial waste water will be treated and 75% of the waste water discharged by industry should meet the standard by 2000. The figures will be 100% and 80% in 2010. Overall license system will be carried out for pollution discharge during the ninth five-year plan to realize the cut of pollutants carried by waste water. 0 Rational choice of waste water outlets Waste water discharging outlets and water drawing points are now alstaggered. Water mills often have their water drawing inlets within the polluted belts, affecting water quality and bringing much harm to people's health. So their layout should be optimized to avoid such effect. ®OControl of non-point pollution sources of the Lijiang River and its tributaries Items of serious pollution in the Lijiang River like NH3-N and coli have much to do with existing non-point pollution sources. In the city it is imperil to raise the disposal ratio of the city's garbage, to treat the water quality of the Ronghu Lake and the Shanhu Lake. In the outskirts of the city it is necessary to strengthen the management over night soils, to reduce the pollution caused by pesticides and chemical fertilizer, to speed up the construction of the -dikes of the Lijiang River to prevent iess of water and soil and bank slump so as to bring non- point sources pollution into control. a Economy and planning of water consumption The management of water consumption for both daily life and industry should be strengthened to raise the ratio of water reused and reduce the amount of water consumed by each unit. The study over the reuse of water after treating by waste water plants will be strengthened during the ninth five-year plan so as to make full utilization of water. 3. The working out of pollutants cutting plan of the Lijiang River d) The project to reduce the total amount of pollutants in the Lijiang River 70 The major plans for treating the environmental pollution of the city so as to realize the goal of cutting the pollution load of the Lijiang River according to the overall plan for environmental protection are listed in Table 2.1 large amount of fund is needed to realize the above items. As a tourist city, Guilin has limited economicpower and can't support such a project of large scale. Therefore it is necessarv to solicit national and internationalfinancial aid. The completion of the project will radically change the water environment of the Lijiang River to guarantee the further sustainable development of the city of Guilin, thus bringing great environmentalbenefit. 4.4 Prediction of the project's environmental impact during its construction With many subprojects, this project needs much work and involves a large scale. It's environmental impact during its construction is an important issue, which forms an important part of this assessment. 4.4.1 Major environmental problems of the comprehensive environmental treatment project of the Lijiang River 1. Major environmental problems during its construction Major environmental problems during the constructionof the project mainly include: (1) Noise and raised dust produced in the process of construction (2) Added transportationwill cause traffic jams and inconvenienceto people's life (3) The piling of construction garbage will cause some problem. (4) The digging during the constructionwill destroy ecological landscape. 2. Assessment on environmcntal impact during its construction This is a comprehensive environmental trcatment project involving industrial waste water, domestic sewage, solid wastes, water replenishing,. It involves a large scale and will last a fairly long time. A number of machines shall be used and large amounts of garbage, backfilling earth,and construction material shall be piled for some time. So noise, foul smell, traffic jams, secondary pollution and so on will affect the city's landscapcand people'S life. (I) Noise will be produced in different stages of construction.Measures should be taken to avoid construction at night. (2) It is better to transport away sand and pollutants directly. Careshould be taken in loading to avoid droppings and prevent pollutants from touch the ground. Construction should be carried out in a civilized way to prevent secondarypollution. (3) Transportation should have covers and constructionsites should have enclosures, and water should be sprinkled on piled earth and bottom clay dug up so as to reduce the impact of raised dust. Management should be strengthened to shortenthe constructionperiod. (4) Transportation needed for the construction should avoid rush hours so as to reduce its impact on the city's traffic. 71 (5) Management of temporarily piled construction material and bottom clay should be strengthened to reduce possible secondary pollution, The above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree. 4.4.2 Prediction on the environmental impact of each subproject 1. The Lijiang River water replenishing project ( I)Noise and vibration caused by the construction Noise and vibration during the construction come mainly from the digging of earthwork in the area of the dam and tunnel, the quarry, the mixing of concrete, and transportation. hand air drills and rock drilling machines used will produce loud noise. A single machine can produce noise with an intensity of 90-iOOdB(A). When several machines working together the noise intensity can reach 105-1lOdB(A). But drilling noise is paroxysmal with high frequency. It is hard for noise to disseminated in base pits and tunnels. So the affected are mainly construction workers. Its attenuation is very rapid away from construction sites. Explosion noise is also paroxysmal, with high frequency and can be spread to faraway places. Its intensity can reach 130-140dB(A). When ten explosions happen in the same time, the intensity can reach 150dB(A). Explosion noise will affect a large area . Huangpo Village of Baoning Township is only about 700m from the dam of the Xunjiang River. Calculated with attenuation formula from point noise source: AL = L Pr, - L Pr, =20lg -L(dB) With a single machine in operation: r,=lm, r,=700m AL=56.9 dB(A) LPr4=105-30.9=68.IdB(A) When several cxplosion is arranged to go off at the same time AL = 20lg- = 36.9 r, LPr2=140-36.9=71.9 So it can be seen that single machine operation is still acceptable. When several machines are operating together, the noise can not meet the standard for urban areas, that is less than 6OdB(A)during daytime and less than 5OdB(A)at night. It is suggested not to carry out explosion at night. Concrete mixer is another noise source whose noise intensity can reach 90-lOOdB(A). Stone breaker, screener, and transportation vehicles may also produce noise of more than I OOdB(A). These all produce high frequency noise, thus will have much impact on construction workers and the area of the construction sites. 72 Transportation of construction materials and stones and castaway matters will produce noise of 80-9OdB(A)along the routes. But it is limited from the quarry to the dam and disposal ground of castaway matters, so the impact involvesonly a small area. Vibration is produced at the same time during drilling and the operation of screeners, mixers, air compressors, and so on. It mainly affects the operating workers and construction workers. Proper shock-proof measures can reduce such impact. (2) Raised dust and atmospheric pollution Source of raised dust and air pollution during the construction are mainly form: a. Tail gas discharged by vehicles and construction machines b. Harmful substance produced by the explosion of powder c. Raised dust during the digging, stone processing, concrete mixing and castaway matters transportation, and d. Smoke dust produced by the buming of coal for the construction The above impact mostly concentrates in construction sites, thus having much impact on construction work-ers.But as the construction sites are located in subtropic monsoon zone with abundant rain and the construction sites are widely spread, proper arrangement plus water sprinkling and enclosure will effectively control raised dust and harmful gas from affecting inhabitant quarters in its lower reaches. (3) Impact on the landscape The construction sites are in the hilly regions. The existing vegetation along the banks of the Lijiang River is fine. So care should be taken in construction to preserve natural vegetation for rational utilization. Main manifestation: a. Construction occupies much land. b. Tic power station and tunnel digging will destroy local vegetation. c. The extracting of stoncs and carth will destroy much vegetation and lcavc a large area wvithnaked base rocks. d. The piling of castaway matters will affect natural landscape. Land occupied by construction and digging near the power station will destroy some vegetation, which should be restored immediately after the construction is finished. New naked basc rock and piled castaway matters will cause lose of soil in storms. which will silt up riverbeds, and pollute river water. So the piling of such matters should bc carefully planned for the sake of water and soil reservation and the restorationof vegetable. (4) Impact of the constructionon the ecological environment Major impact of the construction on the ecoenvironment are: a. the reservoir will inundate certain land. the construction of the open tunnel and construction will require certain amount of land permanently or temporarily. Such land includes farrnland, waste land and forests. Thus certain vegetation will be destroyed and the function of land changed. 73 b. Explosion and noise produced by the construction will have some impact on some wild animals in the area. But they will not be harned, And No rare wildlife animals has been found in the construction area. The construction area has abundant rainfall, Certain places, like the Xiaorongjiang River area, population is sparse and natural ecoenvironment is well kept, where the vegetation is mainly forrned of monsoon pine and ciculifruticeta, with many rare and precious tree species. A number of rare animals also live in the area. Impact of -the construction on the ecoenvironment is mainly destruction of certain vegetation. The reservoir will inundate some land, the construction of the power station, and the digging of the tunnel and extraction of earth and stones will permanently change the vegetation and certain amount of forest will be felled. But the new water body is favorable to the improvement of the ecoenviornment. Timely aforestation of temporarily occupied land can help restore par t of the original ecosystem. To protect the ecoenvironment of the construction area, it is necessary to work out strict rules and regulations, to protect its natural ecosystem. Free felling of trees is not allowed and aforestation should be strengthened to reduce the project's negative impact and form a better environment. (5) Impact on traffic Construction material will be transported along trunk lies of highways, thus inevitably causing some traffic jams and adding much noise. So the trunk transportation routes should be widened and proper arrangemeit be made to avoid rush hours and transportation at night. Besides, trees should be planted a *ngthe transportation routes to reduce the impact of raised dust and harmnfulgases. (6) Impact on social economic activities Existing trunk tunnels within the construction area arc important for irrigation. So the construction should avoid irrigation season so as to reduce its impact on agricultural production. And this is one of the reasons why the construction will last a long time. 2: Prediction on the construction of the dikes of the Lijiang River (I) Impact of constructionnoise The construction of the dikes of the Lijiang River is mainly along the shoals of the river. -ts main content is stone blocks lavig.itNoise is mainly from the mixing of mortar. Though the construction extends to a long line, the impact of the noise is small. And there is rarely any building within SOm from the dikes, so it can be considered there will be no noise sensitive areas. Only the construction workers will be affected. It is suggested the construction not to be carried out at night. (2) Impact of raised dust Raised dust is produced in the transportation, piling and mixing of cement and happens only when the wind speed is great. Careful storing of the cement will guarantee there will be 74 no impact on the inhabitants nearby except the construction workers and the segment of the river where the construction is carried out. (3) Impact on traffic Transportation needed by the construction will add vehicle flow on existing tourist routes. So careful arrangement should be made to avoid rush hours. Temporary roads built connecting the main highways to construction sites will promote local; economy to a certain degree. (4) Impact of transportationnoise Noise produced by the transportation needed for the construction will affect some noise sensitive points such as living quarters and primary schools along the routes. But as the work needed for the construction is much and it won't last long. The noise is acceptable if vehicles do not go through villages at night. (5) Impact on the landscape Building of temporary roads, digging of the base and temporarily occupied land will have certain impact on the landscape,especially because there are many scenery spots along the Lijiang River. many construction sites are within the view of tourists (including those on tourist boats). But such impact is temporary and most can be restored after the completion of the construction. Special care should be taken for certain part that is hard to restore the original landscape. (6) Impact on the ecoenvironment a. Protection of land ecosystem: Natural and artificially grown trees along the Lijiang River are an important part of the beautiful scenes and should be protected. Certain destruction of the vegetation is inevitable. The scope is determined by the designing and organization of the construction. So the following two problems should be given special attention: *Special protection plans should bc made with the participation of departments in charge of gardens and park to protect ancient trcss and rarc flowers and trees. Slip up in this will cause serious rcsult. -Stone should not be taken from ncarby mountains. Though taking stones from nearby quarries will be economical, the impact of such practice is serious on the landscape and ecosystem. So quarries should be strictly arranged beyond the protected area of the ecosystem. b. The protection of aquatic ecosystem As the construction of the dikes will be carried out in low water seasons and on the shore of the river, not much impact will be produced on aquatic ecosystem in normal situations. However,care should be take to prevent the mortar from dropping into the river. 3. Domestic refuse disposingsystem (I) Prediction and analysis on the impact of noise a. Noise produced in the constructionof refuse transit stations 75 refuse transit stations will be one-storey buildings of small scale, usually at 4m high. As most transit stations are to be built along with public toilet houses, no complicated base construction will be needed, nor heavy machines used. So the noise produced during their construction is tantamount to construction of one-storey houses. The equivalent noise intensitv at the border of the construction sites is about 57-4-65.4dB(A), averaging 61dB(A), within the limit set by document GB12523-90 "Limited Noise Values at the Border of Construction Sites and their Way of Measuring" during daytime, but exceeds that by about 6dB(A) at night. b. Prediction on the noise impact of Chongkou refuse landfill The site of the Chongkou refuse landfill is now farmland and forest. The construction of its dams, leaching preventing curtains and waste water adjusting pools will use machines a like excavating machines, bulldozers, and concrete mixers will produce much noise. Calculated by obversion from single machine to intensity at the border with multi-point superposition formula, and taking 483.8m as the radius as the burial ground. LP = LW-20log (4 Trr) In which: LP stands for the noise intensity at the predicted point LW is the noise power stage of equipment r stands for the distance from the point noise source Take 130dB(A) as the noise intensity of single machine and 241.9 as the distance. If four machines are in operation, the equivalent noise intensity at the border of the Chongkou refuse landfill during its construction will be 64.3dB(A), meeting the demand set by the state during daytime, but exceeding the standard by about 9dB(A) at night. The refuse landfill at Chongkou is far away from concentrated living quarters and is over I km away from he nearest inhabitant point separated from it by a mountain. So the noise will not affect surrounding environment. (2) Impact of the construction of refusc landfill on vegetation Existing vegetation will be destroyed and part of the surrounding areas will be affected by raised dust and will be trampled. The site is now covcred by pine forest (27ha), waste land and farmland (67ha). The fine trees are not well grown except a few sections. The construction unit is to give some compensation and aforestation in surrounding waste mountains. And after the landfill was completed, it should be restored back into pine forest or farmland. (3) Analysis on construction raised dust As the site of the refuse landfill is local in a half-closed valley, the raised dust of its construction will not be spread out to cause much impact on surrounding arcas. But at its outlets, trees should be planted before the construction begins and encircled to reduce the impact scope of raised dust. The impact of construction machines will largely depend on the way of construction. Civilized construction will keep the area to be trampled to the minimum. 76 a. Raised dust during the construction of transit stations Raised dust during the construction of transit stations is mainly caused by digging, piling and transportation of earthwork and construction material like cement and lime. Though such raised dust is local and of short tern, considering most transit stations will be built in the urban part of thc city, it is necessary to put up closings around construction sites so as to reduce the impact. b. Raised at the refuse landfill during its construction Large amount of earth digging and transportation at Chongkou refuse landfill will produce certain amount of raised dust. But as the soil at the site is mostly of clay and powdered clay with contain much water and many plant roots, not much raised dust will be produced. As the site is in the valley, raised dust will not be spread out. But the two outlets of the transportation routed should be enclosed to reduce the impact of raised dust on passing pedestriansand vehicles. Guilin City is located in subtropical monsoon climate zone with an average annual rainfall of 1,808.4mmand a relative humidity of 35.8%. The city has a high ratio of sun shine and windy days. Such conditions are unfavorable for the production and spread of raised dust. From the above analysis it can be seen raised dust will not cause much environmental problem during the construction of the refuse landfill in Chongkou. (4) Analysis on the impact of construction garbage Certain amount of castaway earth and stones will be produced during the constructionof the refuse landfill in Chongkou., but as the site itself is a refuse disposal place,. So if properly handled and not to be thrown into surrounding farmland or water bodies, no pollution will be caused. Garbage transit stations are in the urban part of the city, so the disposal of construction garbage tihercshould be handlcd with care according to concerncd rules and rcgulations set by the city government. If transportcd away in time and enclose temporarily piled construction garbage to prevent it from being washed away. Thus pollution caused by it can be avoided. 4. Construction of the citys waste water treatment systcm (I) Prediction on the impact of waste water intercepting pipeline network laying _ a. Impact of construction noise Drilling machines, excavation machines, loading machines and vehicles will be used in the construction, whose noise intensity is 90-95dB(A). Jiashan High School, No. 8 High School, Zhangmu Primary School, Medical College and its branch school, Diyaun Hotel, Guishan Hotel, Ronghu Hotel, and the county government of Linggui, Linggui Country Hospital, County High School will be affected more or less in the construction of waste water intercepting system according to the standard set in "Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Construction". The construction of the waste water pipeline network in Nanhu District 77 will affect a small scope. T'hetime of such impact will last about a month for each sensitive spot. b. Impact of raised dust As the conditions of climate, season and soil type of Guilin City is unfavorable for the production and spread of raised dust. Possible dry and windy weather in favor of raised dust is verv limited. Direct construction raised dust is also determined by the management, way of construction, the piling and transportation of earthwork. As the construction is continuous without interruption, raised dust varies along with different conditions and secondary raised dust may be produced. Field monitoring found the TSP concentration in the air of the construction area is fairly low. This is because of the washing of much rainfall. However, the management of the construction should still be carried out strictly according to the rules and regulations so as re avoid unnecessary impact on the environment. c. Other possible impact of the construction Dozens of thousands of cubic earthwork will be cast away in the construction, part of which can be used for land filling and load paving. Though some raised dust and dropping may appear during the piling and transportation, no other impact will be caused. The pipelines to be laid are along one side of the roads so it will not cut the road traffic. But certain part of pavement and bike lane will be affected. When the pipelines goes across a road, hole should be dug under rather than destroy the road surface. The laying of pipelines in each road will last about 20 days, during which there will be some impact on the traffic. Largc amount of construction material have to be transported. But as such transportation is not carried out in a concentrated way, its effect on the city's traffic will not be serious. The piling of construction material and concrete pipcs will affcct the landscape of the citv and may partly destroy grcen fields and trcss and thus ccocnvironment of the city. But such impact is of short term and can be reversed. Possible environmcntal problems during the construction can bc reduced by taking proper measurcs such as putting up enclosures around construction sites, avoiding transportation in rush hours, and strengthening the management and shortening construction period. (2) Prediction and analysis on the environmental impact of the construction of waste water treating plants. Two waste water treating plants will be involved: the Xicheng District waste water treating plant (at Dahuangshan) and the Nanqu District waste water trcating plant (at Balijie), whosc designed capacity for the short term is respectively 30,000m'/d and 20,000m'/d. The design has also considered their long term scales. The construction of the waste water treating plants mainly includes leveling and pressing of the ground, laying of in and out pipelines, waste water treating device and mud treating device, power supply system, monitoring 78 system, attached devices and infrastructure.The construction will use machines like earth scrappers, mixers, excavating machines and transportation vehicles, which will all produce certain noise and raised dust. Noise intensity produced bv the above machines may reach 90-95dB(A). calculation finds the noise intensity will meet the standard for daytime of first type of areas (living and cultural and educational quarters) set by the state lOOmfrom the construction sites. The site of the Dahuangshan waste water treating plant is on waste land and the Balijie waste water treating plant is located in the economic zone being developed. There are few inhabitants around either site and the traffic there is not crowded. So no heavy traffic or noise pollution will be produced. Raised dust within lOOmof construction sites will make the concentration of TSP exceed the standard. But as there are very few inhabitants,the impact will not be serious. (3) Prediction and analysis on the restorationof the city's landscape and ecoenvironment The completion of the Lijiang comprehensivetreatment project will greatly improve the landscape of Guilin City, Linggui County, and Nanqu District of Lingchaun County. Most industrial waste water and domestic sewage in the city can be collected and treated before being discharged into water bodies, thus greatly improving the water quality of the Lijiang River. But the construction will be carried out in the urban part of the city and part of the suburbs. It will partially destroy the landscape.Though local and of short term, such impact should bc paid attention to. The project involves a large scope. Part of the construction will be carried out in sensitive areas of the city and county towns. A number of roads will be dug one after another. temporary camps for piling constructionmaterials and garbage will affect the landscape of the city, and such impact will last two to three years. Certain numbers of lawns and tress will be affccted or destroyed, but can be restored aftcr the completion of the construction. Existing waste water ditches will be trcated and fouls smells will be eliminated. Green ficlds will be enlarged. So the environmental quality (includingthat of the atmosphere and water bodies) of Guilin City, Linggui County and Nanqu District of LingchuanCounty will be much improved Careful plans should be worked out to relieve the project's impact on the city's landscape. The construction should be carried out with rational dispatch; materials and castaway matters should be orderly piled at set places; tmporary storehouses and living camps should use standard movable houses. Devices for the daily life of construction workers should meet ccrtain standards of hygiene. The completion of the project will radically improve the city's landscape by restoring and rebuilding its ecoenvironment to build the city of Guilin into a beautiful city with unique characteristics. 79 4.5 Prediction on the impact of the Lijiang comprehensive treatment project during its operation The completion of he Lijiang comprehensivetreatment project will bring comprehensive environmental benefit by reducing the pollution load of the Lijiang River, improving its water quality, increasing its water flow in the dry season, and improving the ecoenvironment along its shores. The concentrated treating of waste water and domestic garbage will greatly improve the 'ity's hygienic and be beneficial to people's health. Possible environmental problems during the operation of the project include the impact of refuse landfill on surrounding inhabitants and ground watcr. The ecoenvironment at areas with water drawn out will suffer some impact. The discharge of water and mud by waste water treating plants and foul smell will have some impact on surrounding environment. 4.5.1 Prediction on thle projecl's comprehensive impact on the water environment of the Lzfiang River I. Environmental impact assessment on the Lijiang River during the operation In order to comprehensively compare the impact on the water of the Lijiang River in low water seasons during nornal years by the water replenishing project, waste water treating project and refuse landfill project. Calculation was made for the three subprojects according to the predicted water pollution load of the year 2015. C Existing waste water treating plants have a capacity of 178,500m'3d. (2 Waste water treating plants to be built will increase the capacity to 270,000m3/d. (0 New waste water treating plants and refuse landfill will be built. In addition calculation was also made for the gourmet production waste water treating projcct. Tnie total amount of waste water discharged by Guilin Citv in the year of 2015 will amount to 448 400m'/d.. Its corresponidingpollutants load is shown in Table 4.5.1. Table 4.5.1 Pollutants Load or tile Lijiang River in 2000 and 2015 (Normal Year) unit: t/d y-ar amount of wastc watcr BOD, COD. NH,-N 2000 198.000m"rd 39.21 29.80 6.54 2015 448,400m-Jd 82.00 62.30 13.67 The prediction of pollutants load discharged into the Lijiang River of the three above mentioned situations is listed in Table 4.5.2. And Table 4.5.3 shows the comparison with the situation with 2000. 80 Table 4.5.2 Prediction of Pollutants Load Discharged into the Lijiang River in 2015 at Different Conditions unit: t/d condition BBOD, COD,,, NH,-N = up down total up down total up down tocal Dojishan dojishan Dojishan dojishan Dojishan dojishan Existing wastc watertreating capacity 49.35 3.27 52.62 37.51 4.21 41.72 8.23 3.15 11.38 1 of 178.500m/d. _ : Waste water treating-capacity will 32.62 4.94 37.56 24.80 6.37 31.17 5.32 4.66 9.98 increaseto 270.000m'/d. _ _ New waste water treating plants and 31.94 4.26 36.20 24.29 5.86 30.15 529 4.63 9.92 refuse landfill will be built. _ Table 4.5.3 Comparison of Pollutants Load of the Lijiang River in 2000 and 2015 year conton BOD, COD,, _ NH1-N 2000 Existing waste water treating capacityof 178.500 mnld. 7.49 7.58 3.91 2015 Existing waste water treatingcapacity of l78.500m/d. 52.62 41.72 11.38 2015 Waste watertrcating cpacity will increase to 270,000m'Id. 37.56 31.17 9.98 The above two tables show that the amount of waste water produced by Guilin City in normal year of 2015 will be 2.26 times that in 2000. If new waste water treating plants are not built, the pollution load of the Lijiang River will be greatly increased. New waste water treating plants will increase the waste water treating capacity to 270 000m'/d, which will play a remarkable role in reducing the pollution load discharged into the Lijiang River. But even the two above mentioned projects are built the pollution load discharged into the Lijiang River will still show a great rise in 2015 than in 2000. The values of BOD,, CODM.and NH 3- N will rcspcctively bc 4.83, 3.98 and 2.54 times of those in 2000. The simulation took into consideration of the above three conditions in the calculation with and without building the second stage of water replenish project (thc water flow of the Dahc River in dry seasons is 30m3 /s, 40m3/s and 45m3/s).The result of the calculation is listed in Table 4.5.4. 8S Table 4.5.4 (1) Simulated Calculation of the Water Quality of the Segment of the Lijiang River from the Dahe Section to the Yangshuo Section in the Year of 2015 When the Waste Water Treating Plants Have a Capacitv of 178,500m3 /d unit: ma/L condition station flow(m31s) DO BOD, CODM, NH,-N non-ion ammonia without building the second Dahe 30.0 8.00 1.17 1.51 0.48 0.013 phase of water replcnishment Dojishan 35.6 7.48 16.90 13.49 3.03 0.082 project (Q=30m'/s) Longmen 39.9 5.00 13.62 13.26 3.27 0.089 Mepanshan 45.9 3.94 10.70 11.53 2.62 0.071 Yangshuo 51.0 6.76 2.61 10.38 0.83 0.023 building the second phase ot' Dahe 40.0 8.00 0.87 1.14 0.36 0.010 water replenishment project Dojishan 45.6 7.68 13.21 10.54 2.38 0.064 ("=40m3 s) Longmcn 49.9 6.12 11.28 10.61 2.68 0.073 Mepanshan 55.9 5 26 9.28 9.47 2.24 0.061 Yangshuo 61.0 7.15 2.95 8.68 0.88 0.024 building the second phase of Dahc 45.0 8.00 0.78 1.01 0.32 0.009 water replenishment project Dojishan 50.6 7.74 11.92 9.50 2.14 0.058 (Q-40m3 /s) Longmen 54.9 6.46 10.39 9.64 2.45 0.067 Mepanshanr 60.9 5.67 8.70 8.69 2.08 0.057 _Yangshuo 66.0 7.29 3.05 8.02 0.89 0.024 Table 4.5A(2) Simulated Calculation of the Water Quality of the Segment of the Lijiang River from the Dahe River to the Yangshuo River in the Year of 2015 When the Waste Water Treating Plants Capacity Is Increased to 270,000m 3/d unit: mg/L condition station flow(m3 /s) DO BOD, CODmu NH1-N non-ion ammonia without building the sccond Dahe 30.0 8.00 1.17 1.51 0.48 0.013 phase of water replenishment Dojishan 35.6 7.48 11.45 9.35 2.08 0.056 project (Q=30m'/s) Longmen 39.9 5.83 10.02 10.20 2.97 0..081 Mepanshar 45.9 4.86 7.87 8.86 2.38 0.065 _Yangshuo. 51.0 7.42 1,92 7.98 0.75 .0.020 building thcsccond phase of Dahe 40.0 8.00 0.87 1.14 0.36 0.010 water replenishment project Dojishan 45.6 7.68 8.96 7.31 1.63 0.044 (Q=40m'1s) Longmen 49.9 6.65 8.28 8.16 2.42 0.066 Mepanshan 55.9 5.88 6.81 7.28 2.02 0.055 Yangshuo 61.0 7.72 2.16 6.68 0.79 0.022 building the second phasc of Dahc 45.0 8.00 0.78 1.01 0.32 0.009 water replenishment project Dojishan 50.6 7.74 8.09 6.58 t.48 0.040 (Q-40m3/s) Longmen 54.9 6.90 7.62 7.41 2.22 0.060 Mepanshan 60.9 6.20 6.38 6.68 1.88 0.051 Yangshuo 66.0 7.83 2.23 6.17 0.80 0.022 82 Table 4.5.4 (3) Simulated Calculation of the Water Quality of the Segment of the Lijiang River from the Dahe River to the Yangshuo River in the Year of 2015 When the Waste Water Treating Plants Capacity Is Increased to 270,000m'/d and with a Refuse landfill Added unit: maeL condition station flow(mV/s) DO BOD, COD4, NH,-N non-ammonia without building the second Dahc 30.0 8.00 1.17 1.51 0.48 0.013 phase of water replenishment Dojishan 35.6 7.48 11.22 9.19 2.07 0.056 project (Q=30ml/s) Longmcn 39.9 5.87 9.65 9.90 2.95 0.080 Mepanshan 45.9 4.92 7.59 8.61 2.37 0.064 Yangshuo 51.0 7.48 1.85 7.75 0.75 0.020 building the second phase of Dahe 40.0 8.00 0.87 1.14 0.36 0.010 water rcplenishment project Dojishan 45.6 7.68 8.79 7.18 1.63 0.044 (Q=40m3/s) Longmen 49.9 6.67 7.99 7.92 2.41 0.065 Mepanshan 55.9 5.92 6.57 7.07 2.01 0.546 Yangshuo 61.0 7.78 2.09 6.48 0.79 0.021 building the second phase of Dahe 45.0 8.00 0.78 1.01 0.32 0.009 water replenishment project Dojishan 50.6 7.74 7.93 6.47 1.47 0.040 (Q=4Om31s) Longmen 54.9 6.92 7.35 7.20 2.20 0.060 Mepanshan 60.9 6.23 6.15 6.49 1.87 0.051 ______Yangshuo 66.0 7.88 2.16 5.99 0.80 0.022 Figg. 4.1 to 4.3 show the result of the calculation of Table 4.5.4. Fig 4.1 shows the change of water qualitv factors of the segment from Dahe to Yangshuo during low water year of 2015 without building the second phase of the water replenishing project. It show three differcnt situations, that is without building a new vaste water treating plant, with the building of the waste water treating plant, and with the build of the wastc water trcating plant and the refu-sc landfill. The waste water treating plant will rcmarkable improve the water quality, wvhilethc refusc landfill has rclatively smaller effcct during low water scason. But the collecting and burving of garbage will greatly improve the city's hygienic condition and non- point pollution sourcc, especially bencficial to the water quality of the Lijiang River during high water season. Figg. 4.2 and 4.3 show the situation when the second phase of the water replenishing project is built to add the replenished water flow to 40m3/s and 45m3/s. .Gomparison of Fig. 4.3 with Fig. 4.4-emeals the building of the second phasc of the water replenishing project will greatly improve the water quality. For example, with the building of the second phase of the water replenishing project (when the flow is 45m'/s), the concentrations of BOD5and CODmNwill be respectively 10.39mgfLand 9.46mgfL according to Table 4.5.4(1). The figures will be 9.65mg/L and 9.90mgfL without building the second phase of the water replenishing project but with the building of the new waste water treating plant and refuse landfill according to Table 4.5.4(3). If both are not built, the figures will be 13.62mg/L and 13.26mg/L; and if both are built the figures will be 7.35mg/L and 7.20mgfL. These figures show the building of both the new waste water treating plant and the second 83 Existing wastcwatcr trcating capacityof 178.500m'/d. Wastewatcr treatingcapacity 20 - will incrcascto 270.000m'dAl . Ncw wastewatcr trcatigng plantsand refusclandfill will bc built. Grade11 Water Quality 12 Sadr 0 20 40 eo s 100 _: 0n g - m Fig 4-1(1) 2015 Year OD5 Change On Dry Season (Q=30m'/s) - Existingwaste water treating eaPaeitYof 178.500mt/d. --- - Wastewater - trcating capacity *g(mgfl) will incrcaseto 270.000mn0d. 10 ...... Newwastc water treaitig plantsand tcfisc andfill will bc built. . GraGdcIf WatcrQuality Standard 7 __ 45 0 20 40 60 so 100 o- n .=. s g :r , - 00~~~~~~~~~~~ C Fig 4-1(2) 2015 Year DO Change On Dry Season (>t30m31s) 84 Existingwastc watcr trcating capacityof 1,;.500m'Jd. Wastewater trcatngcapacity tEQE(m&7) will incrcaseio 270,000n'Od A ... _ -New wastewater trcatinig plantsand re uselandfill wili be built. 3 _irade 11Wactc Qualitv 2o a ~~~20 40 so so 100 o ' - .0 Vtg4-1(31 2015SYear NhSl_NChange On Dry Season 1Q=a30m'/s) Existingwastc watcr treating capacityof I71.500m'fd. --- - - WAstcwatcr trcating capacity will incrc2astn 270.00mrn'd. 20 - ...... SwaSte watcrtreating plantsand rftuse landrill will be built. 16 _ GradcII WaterQuality 12 _-S_a0 a 200 4 60 s 1) r 2 a'3 5 ff6cm) Fig 4-1(4) 2015 Year COD Changt On Dry Season (Q~=3Otn/I) Fig. 4-1 Water Quality of the Segment Of the Lijiang Rivcr from the 3 Dahe Section to Yangshui Section in 2015 year (Qa30m 1s) 85 Existing wastewater treating capacitvof 178.500m1/d, ------Waste watcrtreating capacity 20 - will increaseto 270.000m'/d. . New wastewater reating 1f plantsand rcfuse landfill will be built. GradeII WaterQuaiity 12 _ Standard D 2ti 40 so1 B0 100 :: osr 7 g ¶&skz) Fig 4-2(1) 2015 Year BOD, Change On Dry Season (Qu40m'/s) Existing wastewater treating capacityof 178.500m'Id. - - - Wastewater treating capacity will increascto 270.000mlid 1( - ..... Ncw waslcwater trcating plaotsand refuse landlill will bh built. 91_ - GradeII WaterQu.lity Standard 4 O 20 40 sO o80 100 CD (Vr F Fig 4-2(2) 2015 Year DO Chsage On Dry Season (Q.40m 3 5s) 86 Existing wastewaa:r treatlng capacityof 17.500m'/d. Wastewatcr trcalnrg capacity (tsitA will inctraseto 270.OOOm'/d...... New wastewaler trcating plantsand refuselandfill will be built. 3 _ Gradc11 Water Quality 0 . 20 40 60 s0 100 0 ct rt 3 , (ktn) Fig 4-2(3)2015 Yeatr NH,-N ChangeOn Dry Season 20~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ... . Existingwaste watcr treating capaceityof I 7it.SOOm'Id. ---- Waste water treatingcapacity ?£t(mgg) ~~~~~~~willinereaselo 270.OOOm' t d. r - ~~~~~~Newwvastewater treating plantsand rcfuselandtill will be built. lCradc11 Water Quality Slandard 12- o 20 40 60 80 100 , 2,gkni Fig 4-2(4) 2015 Year COD Chatnge On Dry Season (Q-4Om'Is) Fig. 4-2 Water Quality of the Segment of the Lijiang River from the Dahe Section to Yangsbui Section in 2015 year (Q4Om 3 /s) 87 _Existing wate wattr treating capacity of 178.500m'/d. waste water treating capacity 20 _ will iicrecase to 2170,000m'fd 16 ...... New waste water treating plants and refusc landrill will be built. 12 _ _ Grade II water Quality ~~___ ~ Standard 0 20 40 so so80 100 - Fig 4 -3(1) 2015 Year DOD, Chsange On Dry Season (Q-45mI/s) ELxistingwaste watcr treating cxpacityor 178.500m/d. gW5-3 Yewatcr trestinge apacit n aPE]£(n will increase to 270.000imnd. 10 ..... New waste water trcating plarttsand rc6tsc iandfili willbc built. -G Grade It Wascr Qua0ity 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~ e- \ _ 0 20 *0 60 80 10 0* . 2 .-. Fig 4-3(2)2015 Year DO Change On Dry Season (0-45m'is) Existingwaste watcr treating capacityof 17X.500m'1 d. t~(mg4) - Wastewater treating capacity will incrraseto 270.000m'id. New wastewater treating 3 I_Ls and rtfusc landfill will be built. GradcII WaterQuality 0 20 40 so0 6 100 Fig 4-3(3)2015 Year NH,-N Change On Dry Season (Q=.4Smn/s) Existingwaste watcr trcating capacityof 17.SQ00m'ld. 20-t ------Wastewater tsating capacity will increfseato 270.OOOml/d. _6 NcwwasteNew...... water treating plantsand rtfttse landfill will be built. 12 - . GradeIt WaterQuality 0 20 40 60 60 100. r -t -- ) Fig 4-3(4) 2015 Yea r COD Chsange On Dry Sesson (Q-4Srn'Is) Fig. 4-3 Water Quality of the Segment of the Lijiang River from the Dahe Section to Yangshui Section in 2015 year (Q=45m3 s) 89 phase of the water replenishing project will have important effect on the improvement of the water quality of the Lijiang River. Calculation also reveals that even with the building of the second phase of the water replenishing project and the new waste water treating plant and the waste water treating capacity is increased to 270,000mY/d,it cannot meet the discharge of 448,400m'/d of waste water designed for low water year. The calculation also finds out that the pollution factors can not meet the standard for Grade 11water under the three situations. 2. Impact on the city's ecoenvironment Guilin City is a famous tourist city. The completion of the project can collect and dispose 5OOt/dof domestic garbage and treat 178,500t/d of waste water, thus basically solve heavy pollution areas of the city, especially the central part of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investment environment and promote its economic development 3. the project's impact on the environment during its operation The project's environmental impact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement of the water environment of the Lijiang River and its tributaries and the ecoenvironment of the city. The project will increase-the water flow of the Lijiang River during low water season and cut its pollutants from the city's point and non-point source, playing an important role in protecting and improving the water environment and ecoenvironment of the Lijiang River. Prediction finds out that without the project the concentration of BOD5 and CODb, at the section of Longmen will reach respectively 13.63mg/L and 13.26mg/L in 2015. The project can reduce the figures to 7.35mg/L and 7.10mg/L, that is CODm,.will meet the standard for Grade IV water. But the project cannot make the water quality of the Lijiang River meet the standard for Grade 11water as the waste water treating plants can only treat 60% of the total waste water discharged in 2015. The garbage collecting system and burial ground will greatly reduce non-point pollution source of Guilin City. This is also beneficial to the water quality improvement of the Lijiang River. The project will also improve the surface water and ground water of the city and its suburbs, radically changing the hygiene and ecological situation of the city. _4.5.2 Prediction and analysis of the environmental impact of its subprojects during their operation I Prediction and analysis of the environmental impact on the Lijiang River and its tributaries The project will cut the waste water discharged into the Lijiang River, reducing its pollution load and improving its water quality. The contribution of the subprojects is as follows. (1). Domestic sewage treating project (DPositive impact on the water body a. The Taohua River 90 The existing waste water treating plant at Beichong discharges their treated water into the Taohua River, so: *The twvowaste water treating plants can reduce the BOD5 load of the river respectively by 84.1% in 2005 and 84.7% in 2015. Even in low water years, its concentration of BOD, will decrease to meet the standard of Grave Iv water in 2005, and by 2015 the concentration of BOD, will decrease from 30mg/L to less than 10mglL (meet the standard for Grade V water). *If the Beichong waste water treating plant will be enlarged as planned, the water of the Taohua River marby can meet the standard for Grade III surface water both in low water years of 2005 and 2015. b. The Xiangsi River and LuoqingRiver The waste water treating plant at Dahuangshan in Xicheng District will be built in three phases. Its treated water will discharge into the Taohua River and then flow to the Luoqing River. The following is the prediction of the impact on the Xiangsi River and the Luoqing River. *The secondary treating of waste water of the Xicheng District plant will reduce the BOD, load of the two rivers by 85% in the years 2000, 2005, and 2015. *Even in low water condition, the water discharged from the Xicheng waste water treating plant after secondary treating will not make the water of the two rivers exceed the standard for Grade III water in 2000 and 2005. Even in 2015, only 17km of the river will exceed the standard for I[ water (but still within the standard fro Grade IV water). The use of water into the lower reaches of the Luoqing River will not be affected. elf only primary treating facility is built in the waste water treating plant in Xicheng District, the concentration of BOD5of the Xiangsi River will reduce by 5mglL in low water year of 2000, that of the Luoqing River by 1-2mg/L,that is its load will decrease by 25%. c. The Lijiang Rivcr There are now four waste water treating plants in Guilin, of which the one in Beichong discharges into the Taohua River, a tributary of the Lijiang River in the upper reach while the other three all discharge into the lower reaches of the Lijiang River. The enlarging of the waste water treating plants will have much effect in the protection of the Lijiang River: - *The concentration of BODs will-deereaserespectively by 39.3% and 32.3% in 2010 and 2015 if the northern plant, the eastern plant and No.4 plant are to be enlarged and new one built at Balijie. eCollecting and treating the waste water of the urban part of the city to be discharged into the lower reaches of the Lijiang River can avoid non-point pollution of the source of drink water, ensuring the water meet the standard for Grade II surface water. and thus ensuring safe drink water and people's health. .Waste water produced by the city increases year by year along with the development of the city. The water flow of the Lijiang River is small in low water season. The enlarged 91 eastern, southern and No.4 waste water plants can only treat 68% and 55% of the total amount of waste water produced in 2010 and 2015. But the enlarging of these plants can reduce the impact on the lower reaches of the Lijiang River, At least they can improve the water quality at the discharging outlet into Grade V water. elf the waste water treating plants totally treat the waste water and make their discharge water meet the standard of discharging, and if IOm3/s of water is replenished to the Lijiang River, the water discharged by the plants will only affect a segment respectively of lOkm and 25 km in 2010 and 2015, where the water can still meet the standard for Grade III water; if I5m3/s of water is replenished to the Lijiang River, the affected segment will be respectively 2km and 15km in 2010 and 2015. Water in the rest part of the river will all meet the standard for Grade II water. So targeted treating and water replenishing to the Lijiang River can maintain the fine water quality of the Lijiang River at any time. As the prediction was made on the basis of lower water period, the water discharged by the waste treating plants will have much smaller impact of the Lijiang River during normal and high water period. Q1Negativeimpact on the water body of the Lijiang River etc eIf the waste water treating plant at Xicheng District only realizes primary treatment for its first phase of construction, a segment of 30km of the Luoqing River cannot meet the standard for 11water. oAs Balijie is located at the upper reach of the Lijiang River, if the waste water treating plant there discharges its water into the Taohua River, the quality of drink water for Guilin City will be affectcd. If it discharges into the lower reach of the Lijiang River, drink water source can be protected.The completion of the project can reduce the BODs load of Guilin area by 50.2% in 2010 and 47.5% in 2015. (2). Domestic refuse disposing system The environmental impact of the city's domestic garbage disposing system during its operation is mainly manifested in the improvement of the city's ecoenvironment and the impact of the refusc landfill's percolation leaching on its surrounding environment. Conclusion of prediction a. The system will be able to collect SOOtIdof garbage, greatly improving the city's ecological and living environment. This can reduce the city's non-point pollution source as well, playing an important role in improving the water quality of the Lijiang River, especially during the first storm of the wet scason. So this project is a fine project mainly of positive environmental benefit. b. It is planned to build a special waste water treating plant to treat the percolation leaching of the refuse landfill by recycling (resprinkling). the result: O The percolation lcaching is to be discharged into the river after treating. As the amount will be very small, there won't be much impact on the surface water: only the water at the dam will exceed the standard for HIIwater. 92 T)Though diluted, the concentration of heavy metals in the river where treated percolation leaching is discharged is still quite high, even at Chitou (2km down the discharging outlet). Such water is not fit for irrigation. The impact is mainly concentrated at the segment upper Chitou. (3). The Lijiang River water replenishmentproject A. The Xiaorongjiang River water diversion project Cross drainage water diversion will be carried out for the runoff of an area of 164.4km2 in the segment of the Xiaorongjiang River up the dam, accounting for 61.1% of the total drainage area of the XiaorongjiangRiver. The project will redistribute the average water flow 3 3 3 of 316.95 million m /a. The project will divert the water flow between Im /s and 9.5m /s into the Qingshitan Reservoir,average amount of water diverged being 141.76million m'/a. (a). Impact on the hydrologicalsituation of the lower reaches of the Xiaorongjiang River Table 4.5.5(l) lists the average water flow of the segment of the XiaorongijiangRiver down the dam based on the data of average monthly water flow of 1958-1986. Table 4.5.5 (1) The Average, Maximum, and Minimum Average Water Flow of the Xiaorongjiang River down the Dam unit: m3 /s item month Jun. Scb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. period\ Avcrage original 3.07 5.03 6.31 16.58 24.10 22.53 16.09 9.09 4.85 4.21 5.46 3.06 build 1.00 1.22 1.53 8.37 15.62 14.37 8.99 2.95 1.07 1.22 1.42 1.00 maximum original 9.56 14.05 15.79 37.53 52.81 46.48 39.88 21.85 11.29 13.48 18.03 6.58 build 1.06 5.55 7.29 29.03 44.31 37.98 31.38 13.35 2.79 4.98 9.53 5.58 minimum original 1.02 1.15 1.61 5.38 9.10 3.86 3.11 1.02 1.46 1.47 1.29 1.01 _ build 1.0 . 0 .0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 The average monthly water flow in April to July of the Xiaorongjiang River at the site of thc planned dam is 16.09-24.1Om'/s. But that down the dam after the building of the dam will be reduced to 8.37-15.62m3/s.The original average monthly water flow is 4.21-9.09m'/s -from February to March and from August to November, 3.07m'1s in January and 3.06m3 /s in December. But these figures will be reduced to I .00-2.95m3/safter the dam is built, less than 1.6m3Js for seven months every year. It can also be seen from the table that now the average monthly water flow at the site of the planned dam is less than 1.61m3/s for 8 months in the year. However, after the building of the dam, the water flow there will possibly be less than Im3/s in all the 12 months of the year. 93 The impact of the water diversion project on the runoff of the area down the planned dam is most remarkable. Table 4.5.5 (2) lists the change of the monthly water flow in normal and low water seasons of typical hydrological year before and after the building of the dam. After the building of the water diversion project, there will be five months of the year when the water flow can maintain only the smallest I.Om3/s even during normal and lower water season of typical year with abundant water, while during the whole normal and low water seasons (8 months) of typical low water year the water flow down the dam can only maintain 3 its smallest water flow of l.Om /s. Table 4.5.5 (2) Change of Water Flow during Normal and Low Water Seasons of Typical Hydrological Year unit: m'/s month Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dcc. Jun. Seb. Mat. year _ - wet 1963 $ original 7.87 3.05 1.95 10.17 5.25 9.56 1 1.58 10.13 season build 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.67 1.0 1.06 3.08 1.63 1982 $ original 12.87 4.91 9.54 18.03 6.58 3.90 7.27 8.11 _ build 4.37 1.0 1.04 9.53 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 norrnal 1958 * original 4.49 3.69 1.93 2.87 1.20 3.74 14.05 10.26 season build 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.55 1.76 1983 V- original 10.86 8.27 5.25 3.00 1.45 2.55 2.61 3.31 ______build 2.46 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 dry 1975 * originat 7.12 2.43 2.23 1.77 1.45 1.25 1.58 2.82 season build 1.0 ,10 L.0 0 2.0o.0 1.0 1.0 19789 original 4.93 3.52 2.36 3.06 1.19 1.34 4.90 2.21 ______build 1.0 110 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 (b). Impact on the water flow and water quality of the Xiaorongjiang River The average flow over the years at the site of the planned dam is I O.Om31s, only 5.38m3/s will be refrained back to the lower reaches of the Xiaorongjiang River, that in low water year is only 2.08m3/s. only account for 48.6% (4.28m3/s)of the amount before the dam is built. So the environmental capacity of the lower reaches of the Xiaorongjiang River will be lowered. A tributary flows into the Xiaorongjiang River 2.5km down the site of the planned dam with a water flow of 0.66m3/s during low water season. The drainage of this segment (from the site of he planned dam to the outlet of that tributary) has an area of I IOkm2 with a minimum water flow of 0.4m'/s. The operation of the water diversion project will remarkably reduce the environmental capacity of this segment. But for the part down the tributary, the environmental capacity is partially restored. The most amount of water 94 consumed is at the segment of the outlet of the tributary (Qianjia Village consumes0.4m'/s of water for irrigation). And the water flow at that segment is enough at present. CDImpact on the environmentalcapacity of the river down the site of the planned dam The prediction was made by taking January --when the water tlow is the smallest--as the typical month in analyzing the changeof environmentalcapacity. data of 1958-1986 shows that the average monthiv water flow with 90% of guaranteed rate at the site of the planned dam on the Xiaorongjiang River is 1.19m'/s. Calculation according to the area ratio of controlled drainage finds the water flow in this segment is 0.76m'/s. The allowed background CODM,,concentration for Grade III water is 6mg/L. Tak-e the background CODM,concentration 1.O9mg/L,the change of CODM,,load (W) before and after the building of the dam can bc calculated as: Before water is diverted: W = 86.4 x (6 x (I.19 + 0.76) - 1.09 x I. 19] = 899(kg/d) After water is diverted and I .0m'/s discharged to the lower reaches: WV=86.4 x [6x(I +0.76)- 1.09x 11= 818(kgld) It can be seen that the water environmental capacity will reduce by 9.0% after water is diverted. (D Impact on the water quality of the Xiaorongjiang River down the site of the planned dam during nornal water period. After the completion of the water diversion project, water flow between i.0m'/s and 9.5m'/s will be diverted into the Qingshitan Reservoir. By taking the averagc flow in March of 6.3 1m3/s as typical situation to calculate and analvze the change of the environmental capacity according to the area ratio of controlled drainage , the flow of the segment can be calculated as .4.04m3/s. Before water is diverted: W= 86.4 x [6 x(6.31 +4.04)- 1.09 x 6.311 =4 771(1kg/d) After water is diverted and l.0m3/s discharged to the lower reachcs: W = 86.4 x [6 x (I + 4.04) - 1.09x 12= 2 519(kg/d) As the water flow is reduced by a large margin during normnalwater period, the reduction of water environmental capacity is more obvious, at 47.2%, and the reduction of non-point source is about 50%. Tle.xducion of non-point source will in a way compensate the environmental capacity of this segment of the river. The above analysis reveals that the environmental capacity of this segment of the river does not change much during low water period but reduces by a large margin during normal water period. (c) Impact on the watcr quality of the Lijiang River up Guilin The segment from the outlet of the Xiaorongjiang River to the outlet of the Gantang River in the upper rcach of the Lijiang River will also have water drawn away. Before water is diverted runoff of the Xiaorongjiang River is discharged into the Lijiang River at its own 95 outlet. After water is diverted, part of its runoff will be discharged into the Lijiang River at the outlet of the Gantang River. So the average water flow between the two outlets reduces by 4.62m'/s. As there are not many pollution sources discharged into the Xiaorongjiang River, its water flow only accounts for 7.5% of the water flow of the Guilin segment of the Lijiang River before water is diverted and 3.8% after water is diverted. The pollution concentration of this'segment will rise by only 3.7%. In the segment of the Lijiang River where water will be diverted into from the Xiaorongjiang River, its water quality will be improved and water environmental capacity raised. B. The Wulixia water diversion project See Table 4.5.6 for the calculation of the Wulixia water diversion project. (a) Impact on the water quality and water flow of the Lijiang River during low water period The average water flow of the Guilin segment of the Lijiang River is fairly rich over the years, being 127m3/s, which is, however, unevenly distributed in the year. The average value during low water period (September to February of the following year) is only 10.8m 3/s. The beachland of the Lijiang River all merge in low water season and the water flow becomes rapid, thus the landscape along the river becomes much duller. The water quality of the Lijiang River is good before its enters the city of Guilin. But after it flows into the city, the concentration of coli greatly increases to 7 889/L at the Dahe section and 1 19 million/L at the Doujishan section, an increase of nearly 150 times. The Wulixia water replenishment project can draw 84.04 million m' of water to the Lijiang River (75 million m' during low water period). So the water flow of the Lijiang River is maintained to be 40 m3/s (with a guaranteed ratio of 97%) in low water season. This can greatly improve the water quality of the Lijiang River. (b) The Wulixia water diversion project's impact on the environment of the Shilong River, the Linghe River and the Lijiang River Tlhe Wulixia water diversion project draws water to the fall power station through its southern trunk canal and the flows into the Shilong River to be emptied into the Linghe River, -which flows into the Rongjiang River. a4tributary of the Lijiang River, with a total length of 53.5 1km. Water drawn by the Wulixia water diversion project to replenish the Lijiang River flows passes the Shilong River, so the water flow of the Shilong River will have much increase, averaging 6.7 lm'ls in high water years. So there won't be clear low water season for the Shilong River, thus its environmental capacity increases. The existing water quality of the Shilong River is good, only the flow is small during low water season. Water drawn from the Wulixia Reservoir to replenish the Lijiang River will make the water quality of the Shilong River similar to that of the Wulixia Reservoir. 96 In the same way, the water replenishment project will also increase the flow of the Linghe River and the Rongjiang River during low water period, thus increasing their water environmental capacity and improvingtheir water quality. Hydrological data shows the smallest water flow in the Longhe River is during November to January. The flow at its outlet is calculated to be respectively 3.76m'1s, 2.5im3/s , and 3.38m;/s. After the water replenishment project is put into operation, the figures will increase to 9.28m31s,8.55m 3/s, and 9.07m31s , respectively in crease to 2.47, 3.41 and 2.68 times pf the original figures. So it can be seen the water environmental capacity of the Linghe River will have remarkableincrease. The average water flow at the outlet of the Linghe River in January will be increased from 1I.18m 3/s to 4.02m3/s with a guaranteed ratio of 90%. The water environmental capacity of the Linghe River W (the allowed CODM.load) will have the following change. Before water is replenished: W = 8.64 x 1.18 x (6 - 1.16) = 493 (kg/d) After water is replenished: W = 8.64 x 4.02 x (6 - 1.16)= 1 681(kg/d) In the above calculation, 6mg/L is the allowed CODM,concentration, 1.16mg/L is the background CODM.,concentration of the Linghe River, and it is supposed the CODMA concentration of the water drawn from the Wulixia Reservoir is the same with the background value of the Linghe River. The result shows when the guaranteedration is 90% in January, the water environmental capacity of the Linghe River will rise to 3,41 times that of the original value after water is repienished. C. Analysis of the comprehensiveimpact of the whole project on the water flow of the Lijiang River See Fig 4.4 for the overall impact of the water diversion projects at the Wulixia Reservoir, and thc Xiaorongjiang River. 97 Lijiang River A B C D E Q. QL QX QG QT outlet of the outlet of the i outlet of the outict of the outlet of the Darongiang Linghe Xiaorongjiang Gantang Taohuajiang River River River River River ...... Wulixia water Xiaorongiiang replenishment waterreplenishment projeat project Fig 4-4 Overall impact of two water replenishment project The two above said water replenishment projects will have their water flow into the Lijiang River respectively at the outlets of the Linghe River and the Gantang River. So water of the segment B of the Lijiang River (from the outlet of the Linghe River to the outlet of the Xiaorongiiang River) is replenished by the Wulixia Reservoir, the water of the segment D (from the outlet of the Gantang River to the outlet of the Taohu River) is replenished by the Xiaorongjiang River. Water at the segment C of the Lijiang River (from the outlet of the Xiaorongjiang River to the outlet of the Gantang River) will bc drawn to the Xiaorongiiang River, so the flow there will be reduced at about 3.5%, but without much impact of the Lijiang River. Table 4.16 shows the change of water flow at the segments of the Lijiang Rive year by year after water is replenished. QX.QD. QL. QGand QT represent the water flow at the outlets of the Xiaorongjiang Rivcr, the Rongjiang River, the Linghe River, the Gantang River and the Taohua River. The fourth column in Table 4.5.6 (1) stands for the water flow of that segment of the river after water is replenished from the Wulixia Reservoir. Calculations shows after the completion of the Wulixia water replenishment project, the flow in January with a guaranteed ratio of 90% will bc increased from 4.20m3/s to 7.61m3/s. Taking 1 l6mgfL as the background CODI,,,c^ucntration of the Lijiang-River, and 4mgfL as the COD,,. concentration standard for Grade 11water, the relative inpease of environmental load (allowed CODm.load): AW = 8.64 x [(7.61-4.20) (4.1 - 1.16)] = 837(kg/d) Table 4.5.6 (2) shows the water flow change of the segment of the Lijiang River after water is replenished from the Wulixia Reservoir and to the Xiaorongjiang River. Its fifth column represents the difference between water replenished from the Wulixia reservoir after drawing away at the dam of the Xiaorongjiang River, that is, the net increasc after the completion of the above two water replenishment projects. Its average flow over the years is 98 3.4m'/s. The table shows the value is positive for 21 years out of the 26 and only negative for five years, proving the water flow in low water period will increase in most years and decrease in few years (when the water drawn from the Wulixia Reservoir is less than tlhe water drawn away at the dam of the Xiaorongjiang River). Further analysis shows, four years out of the five when the value is negative, the water flow of the Lijiang River is fairly large. So as a whole after the realization of the two projects the water flow at the segment of the Lijiang River will increase during low water period and thus its water environmental capacity will increase. The only exception was in January 1965 when no water is drawn from the Wulixia Reservoir but the Xiaorongjiang water replenishment project drew 2.4Xm'/s, the flow of the segment of the Lijiang River was decreased from 10.25m3 /s to 7.77m3/s. But such situation can be avoided by rational adjustment over the group of reservoirs. Table 4.5.6 (1) Change of Water Flow in the Upper Reach of the Lijiang River before and after the Wulixia Water Replenishment Project Is in Operation a) C CD (D (D OD (XD () yca Qo - Q, flow from QID+ year QO - QL flowfrom D+CD (m'/s) Wulixia (m3 /s) (ml/s) (mSIs) Wulixia (m3/s) (mlis) 1959 5.68 2.81 8.49 1972 4.82 8.00 12.82 1960 14.98 8.00 22.98 1973 31.16 0 31.16 1961 9.41 8.00 17.41 1974 10.89 8.00 18.89 1962 17.27 8.00 25.27 1975 4.20 4.23 8.43 1963 5.45 8.00 13.45 1976 3.52 2.14 5.66 1964 31.90 0 31.90 1977 6.73 8.00 14.73 1965 4.55 0 4.55 1978 15.25 8.00 23.25 1966 21.12 0 21.12 1979 6.81 3.67 10.48 1967 5.99 2.89 8.88 1980 10.81 8.00 18.81 1968 14.47 8.00 22.47 1981 8.09 8.00 16.09 1969 26.14 4.90 31.04 1982 9.30 8.00 17.3 1970 13.93 8.00 21.93 1983 13.65 5.08 18.73 1971 8.91 8.00 1691 . 984 11.94 8.00 19.94 99 Table 4.5.6 (2) Impact on the Average Flow in January at the Upper Reach of the Lijiang River (from the outlet of the Xiaorongjiang River to the Outlet of the Gantang River) by the Wulixia Water Replenishment Project and the Xiaorongjiang River Water Diversion Project unit: m'/s CD CD) 0) () (a) 0) CD) CD C year QD- Q flowfrom flowfrom 0-(i) year Qo - QL flowfrom flowfrom 0D-T - QX XulIxia Xiaorongiian - QX Xulixia Xiaorongjian (m/s) 1959 11.81 2.81 2.74 0.07 1972 8.16 8.00 1.04 6.96 1960 16.85 8.00 0.14 7.86 1973 40.53 0 4.72 -4.72 1961 15.37 8.00 2.64 5.36 1974 9.13 8.00 2.01 5.99 1962 21.47 8.00 1.56 6.44 1975 6.15 4.23 0.19 2.47 1963 7.12 8.00 0.02 7.98 1976 5.57 2.14 0.25 1.89 1964 47.57 0 8.56 -8.56 1977 9.27 8.00 0.55 7.45 1965 10.25 0 2.48 -2.48 1978 19.66 8.00 1.69 6.31 1966 28.9 0 3.75 -3.75 1979 9.01 3.67 0.34 3.33 1967 10.86 2.89 1.97 0.92 1980 14.3 8.00 1.13 6.87 1968 21.47 8.00 3.27 4.73 1981 11.86 8.00 1.30 6.7 1969 36.51 4.90 5.33 -0.43 1982 15.35 8.00 2.69 5.31 1970 19.96 8.00 2.68 5.32 1983 20.04 5.08 2.90 2.18 1971 10.93 8.00 0.23 7.77 1984 16.12 8.00+1.55 6.45 1 Table 4.5.6 (3) lists the impact on the water flow at the section of the outlet of the Taohua River after thc completion of all thc projects. It lists the watcr flow at the sections at the outlets of diffecrenttributaries after the realization of the first and the second phases of the water replenishment project. QG,+ QX.+ QD.+ QL.+ QTrepresent the approximate water flow of the segment of the Lijiang River down the outlet of the Taohua River. The table shows the average water flow in January with a guaranteed ratio of 90% is 10.49m 3/s before 3 -. he realization of the first phase of thc ater replenishment project, and 29.387m /s after the realization of the second phase of the water replenishment project. The wetativeincrease of environmental load (allowed CODM,.load): Before the reaiization of the first phase of the water replenishment project: W = 8.64 x 10.49 x (4 - 1.16) =257 (kg/d) After the realization of the second phase of the water replenishment project W 8.64 x 29.38 x (4 - 1.16) 7 209(kg/d) 100 It can thus be seen the realization of the three projects will increase the environmental capacity of the upper segment of the Lijiang River by 4,6351k;gd, reaching 2.8t times that of its original figure. So the water replenishment project has clear environmental benefit. From the angle of water study administration, the added capacity should not be included in the total amount for distribution, but it can relieve the shock of pollution accidents to the water quality of the Lijiang River. Table 4.6.6 (3) Impact of thc All Water Replenishment Projects on the Water Flow of the Segment of the Lijiang River in January year Qn Qz- - Qx - Q.(m3/s) ycar QD - QL - QV - QG(m31S) Before the realization After the realization of Beforethe realization After the rcalization of of the first phase of the second phase of the of the first phase of the sccond phasc of the the project project the projcct project 1959 19.82 26.36 1972 10.77 49.06 1960 38.66 60.48 1973 63.31 58.59 1961 25.55 43.50 1974 19.03 46.94 1962 29.99 43.54 l975 10.06 16.00 1963 12.01 44.14 1976 9.08 47.33 1964 75.29 66.73 1977 16.29 44.49 1965 13.98 45.54 1978 30.39 39.74 1966 49.61 45.86 1979 14.97 21.17 1967 16.49 41.06 1980 22.03 43.83 1968 34.17 43.23 1981 19.62 43.35 1969 64.64 64.21 1982 23.69 42.16 1970 29.71 58.88 1983 32.56 34.74 1971 18.0 47.24 1984 21.32 51.11 D.Analvsis of thc comprchensive impact of theall watcr replenishment projects on the environment of the Lijiang River (a) Contrast of water flow before and after the projects areput into operation The water flow of the Guilin segment of the Lijiang River is fairly large, but unevenly distributed in the year. Its runoff during March to August accounts for 80% of the year's total. Theactual lowest flow during Septembe, tu February is only 3.8m'/s (1955). Since the first phase of the Lijiang River water replenishment project was realized in 1988, the water flow during low water period reached 30m'/s, with a guaranteed ratio of water replenishment of 93.8%. After the rcalization of the project studied in this assessment, the water flow is expected to reach 40-45m3/s, with a guaranteed water replenishing ratio being 97.2% if the standard is 40m'/s, or 94% if the standard is 45m'/s. (b) Prediction of the amount of waste water and pollutants discharged into the Lijiang River 101 See attached subreport of this assessment for the method and factors used in the prediction. (D Water quality model The following model was used in the calculation of the segment of the Lijiang River from Dahe to Yangshuo. Factors assessed were BOD,, CODMfl,NH3-N, non-ion N and DO. Constant flowing one-dimensionmodel was used, and the basic formulas are: BOD5 V (D ) - K L -ax ax ao a ao CDO . V -C-- -(D ---) - K, L-KC, NNK( ax ax ax 1 DO VW~= a (D 9 ) - KiL - K¢C,- K'yCt + K2 (°, - °) In which L, CN,and 0 stand for the concentrations of BOD5, NH3-N, and DO, K, and KN stand for the rate of decay of BOD5,and NH3-N, K2 for the atmospheric oxygen restoration coefficient, Os for the concentration of saturated DO, D for longitudinal dispersing coefficient, and V average water flow sped at the section. The formula for COD%,,is similar to that for BOD5, only K, was replaced by Kc. a) Selection of water model parameter The result of actual monitoring at different points in the water quality model according to follow-up tracing experiments of water mass along the segment of the Lijiang River from Qianjiaping to Yangshuo conducted by the Environmental Chemistry Institute of the Chinese Academy of Science and environmental protection monitoring station of Guilin are listed in Table 4.5.7. The prediction also used the data of the low water period in 1994 at Dahe, Doujishan, Longmen, and Mopanshan for rctrogressive calculation. Then the following valucs were chosen after comparison, in which the value of K2 changes with the water flow. Table 4.5.7(1) Water Quality Parameter (Result of Water Mass Tracing Experiment) unit: I/d K, K. KI 0.12-0.369 0.251-0.681 0.039-0.211 Table 4.5.7(2)Water Quality Parameters Selected for the Guilin Segment of the Lijiang River unit: I/d K, K, K., resultof water mass tracingcxpcriment 0.12-0.369 0.251-0.681 0.039-0.211 seicctcdparametcrs 0.25 0.5-0.61(dryseason) 0.15 0.0 Longitudinal dispersing coefficient D was calculated as: 102 D = 0.058 ° iB in which: Q stands for the water flow, i for the longitudinal slope of the riverbed and B for the width of the river ( Basic data from calculatingthe water flow, speed, etc. The sections at Dahe and Yangshuo werc chosen respectively at the upper and lower reaches of the Lijiang River. Water flow used was from hydrological data of 1958-1984.The averagc flow in May and August of different years were chosen for high water and normal water periods, and 50% was taken as the guaranteed ration. The result is listed in Table 4.5.8. Table 4.5.8 Average Water Flow during High and Normal Water Periods item flow (on normal season) flow (on wet season) section Guilinsection 127(m'/s) 319(m/s) Yangshuosection 192(m'/s) 605(mIls) Tlhewater flow for the low water periods took into consideration of the situation before the realization of the first phase of the water replenishment project (with a guaranteed ratio of 90%) and three other situations. Table 4. 5.9 Water Flow during Low Water Period item Bjfore the ralization of the After the ralization of thesecond phase of the project section s secondphase of the project P-97.2% P=94% Guilinsection 30 40 45 Yangshuosection _ _ 61 66 *P=93.S% Flow speed was calculated on thc basis of "Report on the Watcr Resources Protection of Guilin City" compiled by Guilin City EnvironmentalProtection Bureau and Guilin Water Conservancy and Power Bureau in September 1988. - Water temperature for the highrwaTer, normal water and low water periods were respectively 241C,281C, and 161C. ®Backgroundpollutant concentration (Dahe section) The present and predicted (for 2000 and 2015) pollutant concentration at the Dahe section were calculated on the basis of the values during the high, normal, and low water periods in 1994. 103 Table 4.5.10 Water Qualitv Monitored at Dahe in 1994 unit: mg/L flow DO CODO,, BOD, NH,-N May II 194 6.5 2.0 1.Od 0.45 May 30 171 6.9 1.6 l.Od 0.05 July21 180 6.7 1.6 1.Od 0.06 August I 88 5.4 1.4 1.Od 0.06 DecemberI 36 7.9 1.1 1.0d 0.52 Dccember12 34 8.2 1.4 1.0d 0.34 @ Pollution load discharged into the Lijiang River by Guilin City after the treatment of waste water treating plants Four waste water treatment plants have been built in Guilin City, of which three went into operation earlier and No.4 (with a designed capacity of 100 OOOm3/d) went into operation in 1966. The first three plants now have a total capacity of 28,500m3/d and it will be 178,500m3 /d in the year of 2015; the cut of the load of BOD5, CODM.,and NH3-N by the three plants is respectively 90%, 83%, and 10%, and in 2015 the NH3-N concentration in treated water from the eastern plant and No.4 plant is 15mg/L and other values remain the same, pollution load discharged into the Lijiang River is shown in Table 4.5.11 Table 4.5.11 Pollution Load Discharged into the Lijiang River unit: t/d |______BOD, _ COD.. NH,-N existing 8.20 9.7 2A4 2000 11.59 14.3 3.64 2015 51.97 54.6 12.44 (c) The Lijiang River water quality simulation and prediction of result (D Result of existing condition simulation Result shows that at present the concentration is higher during low water period than during high water period than norrnal water period. The concentrations of BODS,CODm, NH3-N and non-ion ammonia are higher in low water period than in normal water period and than high water period. The level of DO cannot meet the standard for Grade II water (6.Omg/L ) of even for Grade 11water (5.0mg/L). Before the building of the first phase of the water replenishment project (Q = I 0.8m'/s)the concentrations of BODs and CODm, sometimes exceeded the standard for Grade 11 water, but meet the standard after the first phase of the water replenishment project was completed (respectively being 3mg/L and 4mgfL). The concentration of NHr-N are within the standard for Grade 11water (< 0.5mg.L) 104 during high water and normal water periods, but sometimes exceeds the standard during low water period. Before the building of the first phase of the water replenishment project, the water in the segment from Dahe to Longmencould not even meet the standard for Grade 11 water ( L0mglL), but water qualitv is much improvedafter the building of the first and second phases of the water replenishment project, but still cannot meet the standard for Grade 11 water. The concentration of non-ion ammonia widely exceed the standard for Grade 11water (0.02mgIL). See Table 4.5.4(1). (I Predicted result for normal year when the project is completed (2000) and 2015 The total amount of pollution load of the Lijiang River will reach 198 600m3/s when the project is completed (2000), 1.51times that of 1994. Even with the completion of No.4 plant and its attached projects, the pollution load discharged into the Lijiang River will still increase than the present level. See Table 4.5.4 (2) for the result of calculation for the value of the year when the project is completed (2000). Pollutant concentrations will increase without realizing the second phase of the water replenishment project, but the concentrations of DO, BOD, and CODM,are still within the standard for Grade 11water, but that of NH3-N and non-ion ammonia will often exceed the standard. The amount of waste water from Guilin city in the planned normal year of 2015 will reach 458,110m 3/d, respectively316,700m'1and 223,700m'/d higher than in 1994 and 2000. The result of the water quality of the Lijiang River during low water period with or without the second phase of the water replenishmentproject in the condition that no additional waste water treating plant is built is shown in Table 4.5.4(3). It can be seen that without additional waste water treating plant, the index of the water quality of the Lijiang River will seriously exceed the standard in both conditions. In the normal ycar of completion the water quality of the Lijiang River will not have much change because No. 4 plant and its attached projects will be put into operation. But the water quality of the Lijiang River will clcarly detcriorate between 2000 and 2015. Thc effect of the second phasc of the water replenishmentproject is limited so the intensity of water treating must be strengthened. 2. Prediction on the atmospheric environment of the Lijiang River comprehensivetreatment project During its operation, the Lijiang..Rivercomprehensive treatment project will not have much negative impact on the atmosphericcnvironment. But improper handling of the refuse landfill and waste water treating plants may cause secondary pollution, especially foul smells. (I) Main wind directionand speed of the area assessed The average annual wind speed of the area assessed was 27m1s(1995), prevailing wind directions are NE and NNE. The north wind, frequent in winter, is stronger than the south wind, while in spring and autumn the wind direction is not stable as they are alternating periods of monsoon. The frequencyof NE and NNE wind accounts for about 28-30%, and the windless days account for less than 40%. 105 The distribution of wind speed frequency in Guilin City and Guilin Prefecture is closely connected with its topography. The planned Chongkou refuse landfill is about I km to the southwest of the city of Guilin, and the waste water treating plants of the urban part of Guilin are iocated in the south and west of the city. Under prevailing wind, harmnfulgases will not affect the urban part of the city. The eastern waste water treating plant will have some impact on the atmosphere of Guilin City, but the impact of foul smell is of a small range. As there are more windless days or days with small wind in Guilin, the impact of foul smell is only local. - (2) Assessment of atmospheric environment of the subprojects A. Refuse landfill The discharge of harrnful gasses from the refuse landfill is random, of non-point source. Concerned studies of garbage at home found out the proportion of gases produced by domestic garbage is: NH3 : ClH.= 38.64: 1904.0,. The content of CH, is about 54-69% of all the gasses. The capacity of garbage is 1.66m3/t, the ratio of the volume of garbage and the gasses produced is 1: 1.375. So the pollution source of the Chongkou refuse landfill can be calculated as lists in the following table. Table 4.5.12 Pollution Source at Chongkou Refuse Landfill sources | SO,(mg/s) I NH,(mgls) | CH,Omg/s) | H,S(mg/s) dischargcof hamnfulgasses 38.89 947.34 4755.56 24.51 The area assessed of the burial ground's impact on the atmospheric environment is a range with a radius of 5km. The calculation mesh pints are 21 x 21, with a distance of 500m for each grid. The assessment considers the discharge of S02, H2S, NH3, and CH4, including their once concentrations, averagc daily and annual concentrations In order to find out the refuse landfill's impact on inhabitants living ncarby, the assessment takles type D as the main atmospheric stability of the area, followed by Type E. Either during windy and windless conditions types D and E arc the most unstable condition. The calculation of once concentration in this assessment took 2.5m/s as the wind speed of the NE wind at type D stability. See Table 4.5.13 for the parameters. Table 4.5.13 Average Daily Climate Conditions for Calculation winddirection wind speed (mis) stability type | wind direction wind speed (m/s) stability type NE 2.5 D NNE 3.0 B C 0.0 D C 0.0 D Fig. 4.4 shows the distribution of the average daily concentration in typical climate conditions. It can be seen that the high value of the discharge of CH., H2S, NH3, and S02, all 106 C114 Rijun Ctnsx=I25.94ug/m:3 Cint-20 1I2S Rijun Cna%=64.QSE-1ttl;/m3 Cint=IO -1------:3 Z 1 2 34 5 87 59 Jr) -to -9 -87 .9 5-4321 2 3 50 80 *2rT =7-1 s 10 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 2 4 4 10 0 01 -l 7 0- - 3 -1 464 7 9l -j -tol 8- 4- 4- 2 10123 6A7aat -4 - -4 -0 -- 0 - 0 4 -o -4 -10 -0 It-7 -0-6 -4-3 -2 -I0 12 3la.709 0 -100- -7 -4 -5-4 -3-2 - 0a3t2 34 A 7598Iita Fig4-4(3) CNH, Dsily Average Concentration Fig 44(4) S LSDaily Average Concentration Cmax=25.g p/m 3Cmax-103.73 E-1Igtn' 9 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 o0 * * 4^ ° *> 14F - ° - N 4 - 5. 5f s - e o o 1 r_ 1 1 I 1 r X 1- r r-* -ra I ;ra-II ; , ,I, I ,'O-"W** I I _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ e e@ s 8 @ **" " w ^ ^o -- - ; *e s v-s *j (N e o ^ * * - - _ IS o J , - o t' CH4 o=Z.-5/s Cint=20 D iax=136.52ug/m3 H2S u=2.mim/s Citx=t() D bMx=70.4E-Iug/m3 -LO- -0 -7 -6 -s -4 - -2 -1 a I 3 4 6 a7 Oa 9 la -IO-e -C -7 -- 6-4-7-2-l0 1 3 4* 6 a 7 a to £8 to & 10 _O 100 4 4 33 3 z 8 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -l -4-2 -4-z -: - -4' -10 l/I I I -10 -tOl I f -o-e -8 -7 -6 -6 4 -2 -2 -I 08 I e 447 s f 7 a 0 to -7 -o-9 -e -' 6 -e -o t -3 -2 -I o 1 2 3 * Fig4-6(3) Cil, Once Concentration Fig4-6(4) H.S Once Concentration Cmax=27.96j.glm' Cmax=I 12.4 E-1pg/m3 NI13 u=2.5=/-J Cint. D 64ax=Z7.DGug/m3 sn2 u=2.Sm/s Ctu=20 D Hax=zlt_459-Iug/m3 10- -e -7 -o -s 4 -3 -2-I 0 1 2 34 8 0 7 09 0o -0 -2 -I o 92 4 6 e 7 a C, 1I FT--rT7--T--ST--T-- o I 3 -2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -4 -2 -2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- .3/ J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-7 10 - -- -3 Fi76, H nc ocnrto Fg462 O nc/ocnrto .0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 appear in the range of within 500m in the leeward. Their average daily maximum values are respectively 0.13mg/rn', 0.006mg/m', 0.025mg/m', and O.Olmg/m', much lower than the standard set by the state. Result of calculated average annual concentration Fig 4.5 is the magnitude contour for the average annual distribution of the refuse landfill. It can be seen the high values of discharge re all around the burial ground, within 500m of its leeward. The highest average annual value of CH, and SO2 is respectively 0.010mg/m' and affecting range is-in Ikm, all below the standard set by the state. It can be seen that the highest once or highest average daily and annual values of the concentrations of CH,, H,S, NH3,and SO, all below I mg/m', within the standard fro Grade II set by the state. The operation of the refuse landfill will not have unfavorable impact on the urban part of Linggui County. As the frequency of small wind is high but with much bottom temperature inversion in the area assessed, the scope of the impact is within lkm. But the high humidity and high temperature will increase the amount of Cl-4 discharged as the garbage buried increases. So monitoring should be carried out within the rang of 1Okmto avoid possible detriment. B. Waste water treating project of the city Unfavorable atmospheric impact of the project is the foul smell produced by waste water treating plants. But as the sludge produced is not of large quantity, its impact can be reduced to the minimum if timely transported away. Waste water treating plants are located in the leeward of the city, so there won't be much impact on the urban part of the city. In the planning of the city, however, attention should be paid to avoid developing living quarters or commercial quarters within the range of impact of waste water treating plants. 3. Prediction on the noise of the Lijiang comprehensive treatment project on its surrounding areas Noise produced by the project is mainly produced by garbage transporting vehicles, pumping stations and waste water treating plants. (I) Refuse disposal projcct A. The operation of refuse transit stations do not use heavy machines, so the noise is mainly from transportation vehicles. Suppose each station serves 20,000 people, the amount -of garbage to be transported amounts4e-4Gh/d.10 small trucks with the capacity of 2t will be used to collect garbage and a 8-tontruck used for the transportation for three times a day. The average operation time for vehicles at each station will be 1.08h. Te intensity of the noise produced by vehicles is 7OdB(A) and the background noise intensity when there is no vehicles in operation is 50dB(A). Calculation through equivalent formula finds the value to be 58.83dB(A) during daytime, exceeding the standard for type I area set in Document GB3096-93 "Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Areas" by 3.8dB(A). This means light noise pollution. There is no impact as the transit stations do not work at night. B. Prediction of noise pollution of Chongkou refuse landfill during its operation 110 Noise produced at Chongkou refuse landfill is mainly from transportation vehicles, and machines like bulldozers. The maximum noise is when one transportation vehicle and one burial machineare working at the same time. It can reach 63.3dB(A). As the refuse landfill is far from and separated with mountains from any living quarters and there is no noise sensitive buildings near it, the noise produced will not have any impact on the city. C. Noise impact along the route of garbage transportation The refuse landfill is located in Chongkou Village, 20 km from the urban area of the city of Guilin. It is predicted that SOOt/dof garbage needs to be treated and 63/d vehicles will be used to run along the Guilin-Liangjiangkuohigh way, passing the county seat of Linggui County, Liuchun Village, Guanting Village and Beijing Village. As the condition of the highway won't improve in the near future but the vehicle flow will increase. Suppose vehicles needed for garbage transportation is 126/d and the natural increase of traffic is 10% every year (the average national figure). Taking into consideration the data of noise monitored by Guilin Environmental Protection and Monitoring Station during April 8 - 10, 1996, the noise along the route predicted is listed in Table 4.5.14 Table 4.5.14 (1) Prediction of Noise along the Renming Avenue of Linggui Town No. Locationof monitoringpoint LcqdB(A) vehicleflow (I/h) 3 Clinicncar DiamondPlant in LingguiVillagc 71.5 396 5 120Renming Avenue linggui village 72.6 478 10 LinguiVillage People Hospetal 70.3 419 Table 4.5.14 (2) Prediction of Noise along the Guilin -Liangiiangkou Highway No. Location of monitoringpoint LcqdB(A) vehiclc now (Ith) I ncarthe road of LiuchunVillage 72.9 145 2 No. 02 ofLiuchun Villace 59.1 3 nearthe road of GuantingVillage 73.3 145 4 nearthe road of GuantingVillage 57.8 5 nearthe heroad of BeijingVillagc 73.9 168 6 JiangxiPrimary School of BeijingVillage 65.0 7 nearthe road of ChongkoVillage 74.0 201 8 No. 54 of ChongkoVillage 52.9 It can bc seen the noise along Renming Avenue in Linggui Town is already of medium noise pollution. The transportation of garbage will add about 1.2dB(A) . So the noise Illl intensity of the whole avenue exceeds the standard for type 4 (along trunk transportation routes) areas set by the state, with the section about No. 120 the most serious. Villages along the Guilin-Liangjiangkou highway arc affectcedby transportationnoise to different degrees, only a little section near the east No.54 of Chongkou Village is within the standard and the Jiangxi Primary School in Beijing Village is the most serious. at 65.OdB(A). The section in Liuchun Village, Guanting Village, and Beijing Village all exceed the standard set by the state. The transportation of garbage add about 1.7-1.9dB(A) along the highway and I,SdB(A) in the-villages. Only in Chongkou Village the noise intensity is within the standard. Studies found out: ODThe whole route along the highway including Renming Avenue in Linggui Town is already polluted by traffic noise, which will increase further. Transportation of garbage only adds 126 trucks every day, averaging only 16/h. The noise added by garbage transporting vehicles is only 0.3-0.4dB(A). So the strong noise intensity is mainly caused by other trafftc vehicles and the load added by garbage transportation vehicles is not much. () The operation of refuse transit stations will cause medium noise pollution to their surrounding environment. (D The operation of the refuse landfill won't have any noise impact on inhabitants living near it. (2) Waste water treating project of the city Pumping stations and waste water treating plants will produce some noise during their operation, but as separation belts are built around them, pumping stations arc half underground, the noise impact is only limited to their borders and green belts. 4. Prediction on the project's environmental impact on ground water The main impact of the Lijiang River water replenishment project lies in the raising of ground water level because of leakage along the water replenishing route, and possible pollution by garbage percolation leaching to ground water. (I) Refuse disposal system A Hydrological and geological conditions of the ground water at the site of the refuse landfill The site of the planned refuse landfill is located in a small inclining hilly basin -surrounded by mountains on three sides. ield survey found out the main strata of the ground and its surrounding areas consist of Lower Carboniferous Series rocky shale - mud shale, marl (most of the areas surveyed) and Upper Devonian Series Liujiang siliceous (shale) rock, sandy shale - mud shale (west of the site). The property of the rocks varies and hard and soft rocks alternate. The stratum of rocks decline top NWW with a dip angle of 30-600. Emerged rocks are very much weathered, with an all strong weathering thickness of 6.8m, distributed in layers and lens. On the base rock of its surrounding areas is a layer (1-6.7m) of remnant of Quaternary System accretion. Its rock is mainly of silty clay, clay with a little rudite and silty sandy clay. 112 '~~16) (C~~iŽ 1 - (SO 4~~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~71 7( 116S - I O.I~j~T:1~6) 6 Z4 6 ZA14 ( 1 17 1 9LI65- .4 ,• (/ \ 4 ZK3- 4 ,~-i CooQI 11>.6IAI scale 11:10000 ~ ) ..-ZKI*Z \w N 4 0 Fi.6-7Mp f lyr-ge6ologI in h rc fIhngoReue adf It gets thicker from the edge (1.0-2.0m) to bealock (6.0-8.0m) to the center (5.0-10.Om), nearly lOm thick at the main dam and waste water intercepting dam of No. and No. 2 grounds. The layer of clay and all strong weathered top have very low permeability, and can prevent vertical permeation of percolation leaching of the garbage. The underlying all strong weathered base rock is the main stratum containing water (with uneven watery (poor- medium), and its bulk water is distributed in lens and stripes in the weathered cracks between black shale and - lime, being weathered crevice water. Field survey found its thickens can reach 7.5m, in gradual change with weak weathered rock underneath. See Fig. 4.6 a. Controlled by its upper relic slope, the ground water there is of some pressure bearing. Influenced by the topography, properties of the rock, and diaclase, the ground water at the site from an independent hydrological unit, mainly supplied by precipitation, its runoff flowing to the center from the edge in a radial way, most of which is discharged to the outlets to its south (main dam and waste water adjusting pools of No.1 and No.2 grounds) after collecting together. It then flow to the southeast along the development direction of the valleys to Chitou Village and Shawan Village at its lower reaches. Investigation found some subtle relation between ground water and river water and Chitou Village is located at the let bank in the lower reaches down 2.5km and Shawan Village to the right bank down 50Om. People in both villages use ground water as their major water source. b. The average radius osmotic coefficient of the water containing stratum in strongly weathered base rock K 14.5m/d, longitudinal diffusion coefficient DL = 0.3075m31d, average lineal flow sped of ground water K1 = 2.46mld, longitudinal divergence a x 0.125m, effective pore-solids ratio = 34.7%. But, affected by rock characteristics, plant roots and contraction, the osmotic coefficient of clay above it varies greatly, at 0.0017-0.3mId, avcraging K =0.OOSm/d. Studies by Guangxi EnvironmentalGeological Monitoring station found no unfavorable local fault or tension fracture nearby. a S-N fault passes its west but it is pressed nature and stable, showing no signs of resurrection. In}luenced by rock propertics and weathering, the shallow stratum of the site and its surrounding areas have developed bcdding voids, weathering cracks, and solution cracks, which are mostly in discontinuous lens distribution. The complexity and variation of the rock's physical properties and mechanics transfusion are the main characteristics of the engineering geological conditions of the site. B. Characteristics of groundwater and existing pollution Ground water in the shallow stratum of he site and its surrounding areas is mostly of pore water, weathering water, and crevice water. Its chemical composition is affected by precipitation, the characteristics of the rocks through which surface runoff passes, and artificial interference in different degrees. 114 The chemical composition of the ground water in the site is closely related with the distribution of different rocks: from the west to the east are of clasolite,, clasolite interspersed with impure carbonate rock. the coexistence of the two, and pure carbonate rocks. So the chemical composition of ground water follows this rule: from HCO3- Cl-Ca2, transiting to HCO3 *ClSO,:Ca- *Mg2* to HCO3-Ca. See Table 4.5.15 for the change of the total hardness and total soluble solids. Table 4.5.15 Major Cleniical Fcatures of Ground Watcr Surveved location chemical composition hardness total soiuble pH (CaCO,) mg/L solidsmgJL ClasoliteofShimai rcservoir-No.I landfill- H1CO,-CI-Ca" 10.5-20.5 21.0-32.5 5.6-5.15 west part of Chitou reservoir HCO1-Cr-SO,-Ca'-Mg_ Lower concenirationof impure abonatc I ICO,-Ca" 93.1-112.1 107.2- 7.28-7.81 rock of No. I landfill-No.2 landfill 127.35 Higherconcentration of impure abonate HCO,-Ca" 212.7-213.7 227.8-242.3 7.23-7.50 rockof Jiangxi Village - Chongko Village ___ Pure concentmtioncabonate rock of HCO3-Ca' 312.28-469.49 405.2-617.9 7.00-7.20 Kuantian-Chitao-yuannian and Sawuan______Limestoneof suthen-cast of landfill. Chitao HCO,-Ca3 and Sawan The crevice water and weathering crevicc watcr in the base rocks of the site of No. I and No.2 landfill are of slightly confined water in relatively closed state with weak activity. Its pH value is 7.62, BOD5 = 0.83mg/L, DO = 4.27mg/L, SO, = 0.57mg/L, and temperaturc 19.5 'C. Influenced by fragment of mother rock, thc chemical composition of the pore watcr in the slope elurium varies greatlv, and quite differcnt from that of crevice water and weathering crevice water.(See Table 4.5.16.) 115 Table 4.5.16 Chemical Properties of Ground Water in Shallow Stratum of the Site unit: mg/L type pH soluble hardness Fe Mn S- DO BOD, water chemical type ______~~~solidsI______I_ _ slopc range 5.6- 21.9- 10.5- 0.05- <0.02- 5.50- HCO,-Cl:-Caor elurium 6.2 32.5 20.5 0.18 0.03 6.91 HCO,-SO,-Ca-Mg averag 27.2 15.5 0.15 0.025 0.32 0.10 weathering range 7.0- 10.7- 93 1- 0.14- <0.02- 0.00- 0.25- 0.23- HCO3-Ca crevice 8.3 43.08 359.8 0.34 0.28 0.57 3.40 1.07 averg 7.5 300.0 252.2 0.20 0.12 Investigation found out that. influenced by rock chancteristics and weathering degree, the index of Fe and Mn in the pore water in the slope elurium and strong weathering crevice water exceed the standard in some cases. Influenced by artificial impact, the concentration of coli (<90AL) and the 'three N' (0,054-0.072 1 mg/L) are fairly high, but the concentration of other trace elements are within the standard for drinking water. Investigation found out that the content of coli and the 'three N" of the ground water in the living quarters of Chitou, Shawan, Dayue, and Sitang seriously exceeds the standard. That is to say part of the ground water in shallow strata is already polluted to a ccrtain degree. (3) Estimation of the amount, concentration of pcrcolation leaching and intensity of pollution sources QDThc calculation of the amount of percolation lcaching Percolation leaching is the direct pollution source of the burial ground during its operation and a certain pcriod after it is scaled. It amount is deternined by the type of garbage, the proportion of its organic and inorganic matters, its water content, natural precipitation, evaporation condition, and runoff on the slopes around the sitc. It is also related with the size of the ground and ways of filling and pressing. Among them the size of the ground and precipitation are the most important. The calculation of the amount of -percolation leaching in this assessmenr.- Q= F[P(I- R)- E-S] I In which: Q - amount of percolation lcaching m3 /d; F - effective water collecting area of the burial ground 24.3 x 10 4km2 ; P - precipitation 1 890mm; R - surface runoff coefficient; E - evaporation I 390.3mm S - critical saturate water absorbing rate S 0 116 The average amount of percolation leaching is calculated to be Q = 330.0m3 /d. (Q Estimation of pollutant concentration in percolation leaching The chemical composition and concentration of garbage percolation leaching vary greatly and are determined by the composition of garbage, way of burial and time of seal. As there is no data of actual survey of domestic garbage in Guilin City, the assessment takes general situation at home and abroad. The estimated water quality of garbage percolation leaching is shown in Table 4.5.17. Table 4.5.17 Composition and Concentration of General Domestic Refuse Percolation leaching itcm rcfuse percolation standard for item refuse percolation standardfor leaching drainagc kcaching dmainagcwater water BOD,(mg/L) 7.74 6.5-8.5 Hg(ppm) 0.032 <0.00 I COD,,(mg/L) 1500-12000 _ Cd(ppm) 0.017 <0.0I SS(mg/L) 3000-20000 _ Cr(ppm) 0.0O <0.05 Fe(ppm) 600 - Pb(ppm) 0.21 0.1 Mn(ppm) 12.4 <0.3 colon 4 x 10'- <13 S' ______bacillus(IlL) 4.3 Ilo'0 Mn(ppm) 1.87 <0.1 color degrce gry-blank <15 Cu(ppm) 0.19 | (O Calculation of pollutant sourcc intensity Field survey find thcre are soil with weak water permeability like powdery clay, clay, and muco-sands in the surface stratum of the site, with a permeation coefficient of 0.00017- 0.035m1d(powderyclay), 0. 120-0.3m/d(powdery clay and muco-sands), averaging K = 5.8 x 1053cm/s, much larger than the standard for refuse landfill lKo= 107cm/s. So artificial percolation prevention treatment should be taken to the site. If the amount of percolation leaching is substituted into above formula, then Q, 4,860.0m31d > 333.0m'3d. This means all the percolation leaching will go into the water containing strata if no prevention measures are taken. If Ko= 10cm/d artificial percolation prevention roof is used, the amount of percolation leaching Q2 : 117 Q2 = KF- = 840m Id L Q2- the value (m3/d) of percolation leaching passing through the covering fragment slope stratum of the Quaternary period to the underlying strong weathered base rock. L H and L respectively stand for head fall in the fragment slope stratum and its corresponding vertical direct way. Assuming A H = 2.Omand L = Sm. Calculation found out the amount of percolation leaching going into the water containing crevice stratum of the base rock is very-small. Table 4.5.18 Composition of Pollutants composizion I COD I BOD, I Fe I Mn I Cu I Zn I As I Hg I Cd Cr | Pb inensity(mgMd-ml)1103,700 t 61.8601 04290 0.0646| 00066 | 0.0294 | 00141 |0.000 ll|0.000588t 0.00278 000726 note:M- Q2 ,CL. ® Prediction on the environmental impact of ground water The coordinate base pint goes up to the crossing point of the main garbage dam and relative aquiclude of the base rock. The positive direction of longitudinal diffusion coordinate is the same with the direction of the flow of ground water. Assuming lagging factor R = 1.0 to calculate the concentration at targets of protection at I00m to 300m can get the concentrations of the predicted time. The best maximum diffusion transport time t = 40 years. See Table 4.30 for the results of the calculation. Table 4.5.19 (1) Maximum Concentrations of Percolation Leaching at Different Distances of Diffusion Transport unit: mgtL COD BOD, ._Fe Mn Cu Zn 4.20577e' 1l 2.10790c8 ' I.74390c" 2.62602c' 2.68293c" 1.19S12c' 0 -3.92972c l I.96486c ___ Ag Hg Cd Cr Pb 5.73170c4""s 4.51220ed 2.3934e7' I.12195e"'a' 2.95 122c Except COD and BOD5, which can be degraded, other components in the percolation leaching within transport distance (<3000m) remain at their maximum values, but lower than the limited values for drinking water. Except mechanical diffusion in the process of transport, COD and BOD, will be degraded. So their concentrations show a tendency of decreasing along with distance: being 4.7055e°02mgIL(COD) and 2.10279°2 mglL(BOD,) at 100m to 3.92972w mg1L(COD)and 1.9648e°° mg/L(BOD5). Of course COD and BOD, also have similar delayed effect like other components. 118 Calculation found out that the concentrations of different components diffused to different points with ground water were fairly low ( as compared with the standard for drinking water), not causing any meaningful pollution to ground water and all incline to be zero in ten years after the sealing of the burial ground. The above calculationdidn't take into account the mixing and rcaction with ground water from other sources. It these are taken into consideration, the degrading of the components will be quicker. (D Major conclusion and suggestions a. The majDr.issues of the proposed refuse landfill are the prevention of leakage of the percolation leaching, the stability of concerned garbage dam and the geological engineering stability of the site. b. All the percolation leaching will go into the water containing stratum the underlying base rock if no prevention measures are taken, causing serious pollution of ground water source in its low reaches. If artificial prevention is taken to meet the standard set by the state, the leakage of percolation leaching will be very too little to cause any meaningfulpollution. c. Horizontal and vertical prevention shall be combined at the refuse landfill. Considering the actual local conditions, it is recommended to take horizontal prevention as the main measure supplemented by vertical prevention, that is enough clay is to be laid in the site and fully pressed to reach a definite thickness according to the standard for refuse landfills. Vertical leakage prevention curtain is to be built down the dam to prevent sideward leakage, especially that to its lower reaches. This will stabilize the capacity as well as preventing leakage. d. The impact of the refuse landfill on ground water is very much determined by the geological conditions of the site. This will be given detailed account in the designing of the project.Field survey found out the geological condition of the site is good. But as the rise and fall of aquiclude of the two shoulders of the dams is large, holes of larger density should drilled the determine the depth and height of the digging of the dam base as well as parameterslike the depth, hole-to-hole distance, and pressure. It is recommended that the digging of dam base up to the top of its middic section and the maximum depth of I.Om beneath the water separating roof. * The main dam of No.2 landfill is located at the outlet of a hilly valley, where water permeability is found to be high and Qat-S4ed for the project. So parameters like the digging depth and grout should be determined after comprehensively considering all the factors. It is suggested to increase the thickness of horizontal prevention layer so a to reduce the generating of percolation leaching. 2. The Lijiang River water replenishment project (x Impact on the ground water along water transport routes the whole route of water transport will be treated with concrete to prevent leakage so as to raise the utility coefficient of the tunnels. So the level of ground along the route will become lower than before when no treatment was taken. 119 ( Change of ground water level around the reservoir The mountains are steep and there is abundant rainfall in the drainage area of the water replenishment project. The rate of runoff generating in the fan river net is high. 70% of precipitation will turn into surface runoff and ground runoff. Ground runoff is mainly of base rock crevice water, accounting for 13%of the runoff of the rivers. The total storing capacity of the reservoir in front of the secondary dam of the Xiaorongjiang River is 1.13 million m'. The capacity between its normal water level and dead water level-is 0.38 million m3.The water level is raised by 15.Omin front of the ,am after the dam on the XiaorongiiangRiver was built. Both the flow of base rock crevice water and karst water were increased.The reservoirare in stripes. Leakage through stratified karst and cracks and net cracks will raise the ground level of the area around the reservoir. The cuivert from the Xiaorongjiang river to the Dongjiang River is 7.52km long, all below the level of the ground water. Ground water level will be lowered during the construction of the culvert becauseof temporary leakage of the wall of the culvert. But as the culvert will have lined layer, no remarkable impact will be caused during the operation of the project. 5. Prediction on the environmentof the areas where water is drawn away Water replenishment projects on the Xiaorongjiang River and the Wulixia Reservoir of the Lijiang River water replenishment project involve inter drainage and intra-drainage works. Artificial redistribution of water resources will bring water to areas where water is not enough, but there will be some new environmcntal impact on the areas where water is drawn out. After water is drawn through the Xiaorongjiang River works, the runoff of the river down the dam on the river will have remarkable decrease, causing some impact on the industrial and agricultural production, people's life and ecosystem along the 20km segment form the dam to the outlet of the rivcr. It will also have some impact on local natural landscape, but not much. The water level in the Xiaorongjiang Rescrvoir will bc raised to form a larger water environment. But as the reservoir is small in area, not much impact will be caused on its -surrounding hydrological, geological-Gor-limaticconditions. The water replenishment works on the Xiaorongjiang River will cause some negative impact on the environment of the river's drainage area, concentrated in the segment from the dam to the river's outlet, that is the area where water is drawn out. The impact is of long term. Positive impact will be shown in the area where water is replenished, that is the Lijiang River. Favorable impact will be manifested mainly in the electricity produced by the Xiaorongjiang dam power station (2 x 55KW), and the improvement of traffic conditions. The water body of the XiaorongjiangReservoir can also be used to develop aquaculture. (I) Impact on the transportationof wood floating 120 The drainage area of the Xiaorongjiang River has much forest, producing bamboo, Chinese Fir and other timber. On the dam on the Xiorongjiang River a log-raft passage way 4m wide, 178.8m long is built. Raft can pass in normal way when there is flood once every five years. Navigating wvallis built upper the inlet of the passage wav and a adjustable sluice gate is built at the inlet to control the water level, so rafts can pass safely. The floating speed of wood will slow down after it enters the reservoir. At certain segment of the river, thc rafts have to be helped or wait till the flow before the dam is increased. This-happens along the 2.5km segment from the dam down to the outlet of a tributary. AS the added water flow is not much, sometime rafts will still met some barrier along the segment down the point. This issue needs further study and measures should be taken to solve it, such as (I) Change the way water is drawn out from the Xiaorongjiang River and increase the back flow (e.g. 2.Om'/s; (2) Increase the backflow during the lumber production season, or at least during time when the river's runoff is small. The adjustment capacity of the area of the reservoir before the dam can be used to achieve this purpose (in about 3-4 days); (3) Renovate the riverbed of the 2.5km segment down the dam so that there won't be any obstacle for rafts to pass when the low water flow is 0.6m3/s, or at least when the water flow is l.Om3/s. (2) Analysis on the potential impact on winter irrigation in the lower reaches of the Wulixia Reservoir After the works at the Wulixia is in operation,the water discharged in low water period will increase, benefit to the water quality of the Lijiang River. But the amount of water which can be consumed will be decrcased. At present the winter crop in the paddy fields in Guidin area is Chincse milk velch (used as green fcrtilizcr), which does not need any irrigation. neither are fruit gardens in winter. Only 270ha out of the 6716ha irrigatcdfarmland needs winter irrigation, accounting for 4% of the total. In all about 0.65 m' will be needed, lcss than 1% of the 75 million m3 of water replenished to the Lijiang River. It is suggestedthat this amount of water be increased in low water period. So the Wulixia works will not have much impact on winter irrigation. For other areas of crop, the 0.5m3/s water flow of the river during low water period can be -used to develop winter irrigation. If new types of agriculture is to be developed, for example if all the paddy fields (1940ha) are to have winter irrigation (at 600m3/ha for four months), 4.65 million m' of water will be added. This amount can convert into a water flow of 0.44m3/s (in 4 months), all concentrated in low water period. Then according to the present principle of water drawing of the project (when the Lijiang River needs water, water should be drawn first from the Wulixia Reservoir, and supplementedby water drawn from the Qingshitan Reservoir). The winter irrigation of the Wulixia Reservoirirrigated area is not taken into consideration. Even 121 tunnels are dug and ground water potential tackled, there still will not be enough water for winter irrigation. (3) Power generation The project includes two power stations-one behind the Wulixia dam and a hydraulic drop one at Shiken), with installed capacitv of respectively 5,000KW and 2 x 1,000KW. The first will generate 20.15 million KW/a (4.98KW/a) in low water period and the latter 3.30 million KW/a (mainly during low water period). Power generated in low water period have more economic and environmental benefit than during normal water period. Low water period in Guilin is mainly in winter, when watcr is replenished to the Lijiang River and power production increased. This will reduce the environment pollution otherwise caused by the increase of coal-burning power stations. So its power generation in winter has remarkable environmental benefit. 6. Impact on ground water along the Lijiang River The Lijiang River is the largest river in this area, functioning as discharge way for ground water. Only during peak flood period when water in the Lijiang River will be replenished to ground water, usually for only a few days. There are many karst caves and fully developed karst in Guilin area. So ground water here is of large flow and fast flowing speed, Turbulent flows are common at many places. So there are frequent circulation mixing and alternating between water bodies. Artificial activities also form some small interfered circulation, which add to natural large circulations to form new features. But so far the impact on ground water in Guilin area is fairly small. Ground water here is still of climatic type, highly closely related with precipitation. The curvc of dynamic karst water movement is of a sharp lean shape. That of natural crcvice water is comparatively round in 2-3 days after rainfall. According to the "prediction on Guilin's Ground Water Resources and Environmental Geological Issues in the Ycar 2000" (by the Geology and Mineral Bureau of Guangxi Zhaung Autonomous Rcgion, June 1987),the main supplement of ground water in the Guilin Basin is atmospheric precipitation, accounting for 83%, followed by water from the tunnels of the Qingshitan Reservoir (the 7 months from March to July). - ~ - After the realization of the first-phase-ofthe Lijiang River water replenishment project, the tunnels will be changed. Though the Qingshitan Reservoir will give cwr to the Lijiang River during low water period, the proportion of its water supplement to ground water will also decrease. According to 1987 data, the amount of water transported through the tunnels was 99.7 million m3/a, the amount of water supplemented 360m'fa, and the utilization coefficient of the tunnel system was 0,64. After the realization of the project, assuming 90 million'/a of water is transported, the tunnel utilization coefficient will be 0.87, the amount of water lost, or replenished to ground water will be 18 million ml/a. As ground water back 122 flows to the Lijiang River during low water period, it can be considered that this 18 million m'/a of water will flow back to the Lijiang River. 4.6 Anaivsis on the impact of old building demolish and inhabitant removal The Lijiang River comprehensive treating project in Guilin dose not involve large scale inhabitant removal or old building demolish. However, as the increase of the reservoir's capacity will inundate some land in its upper reaches, a limited number of inhabitantsshall have to be rearranged for new jobs and some land requested. Besides, some tunnels will occupy some farmland. The extending of existing waste water treating plant and the building of a new one, and refuse landfill will require some land. The burial of waste water pipelines will have to demolish some buildings along the roads, mostly those built against rules and regulations. But there won't be much impact on the inhabitants of the area involved by the project. 4.6.1 Land to be inundated by the water diversion projecl on the Xiaorongjiang River and land to be occupied by construction The Xiaorongjiang River reaches has a population of 8,000, (of whom 2,000 live down the dam) and involves over 66.7ha of farmiand. As the average per capita fannland down the dam is less than 0.03ha, agriculture there is not developed, and most people are engaged in the felling and transportation of timber and bamboo and sideline occupations. When the Xiaorongjiang River water diversion project stores water, O.8ha of paddy field, 552 growing bamboo, 1.13ha of miscellaneous forest, and 1,500mof high-tension line in Youan Village of Xin'an County will be submerged. No inhabitants need to be resettled. The construction will temporarily occupy 3.9ha of land, of which 0.2ha is paddy ficid, 0.6ha dry farmnland,and 3.Oha wasteland. Jobs will be given to surplus laborers whose 'land is rcquested as small scale rcservoirs will be built down the dam. 4.6.2 Analysis on the impact of land requestedfor the refuse treating system in Guilin The refuse landfill will be located in Chongkou township, occupying a total area of 48.4ha of land, including 6.7ha of farrnland,26.7ha of underdevelopedpine forest, and some wasteland. No inhabitants will be involved. It is estimated that fund needed for compensationand land requisition for the first phase of the construction will be 2.4 million yuan, and that of the second phase another 2.4 million yuan. This includes the fee needed for the aforestation around the garbage burial ground and restoration of farmiand and pine forest for the protection of the environment. 4.6 3 Analysis of the impact for the land requestedfor the city's waste water treating system 123 The building of new waste water treating plant and expand of the old one need to require some land, while the laying of waste water pipelines only temporarily occupies some roads, which are to be restored later. See Tables 4.6.1 and 4.6.2 for compensation involved. Table 4.6.1 Compensation for Land Requested for Waste Water Treating Plants item land rcquested land used fund nceded Xibciqi waste water treating plant 12ha uncultivated 3750.O00yuan Table 4.6.2 Fee Needed for Land Requisition in Urban Areas of Guilin item pumping pipeline land requisitionto removc to repair station (km) fec building fee road fcc Beiqi waste watertreating plant 2 18.22 850.000yuan 8,700,000yuan 3,000,000 yuan Qintanqi waste watcr treating plant 1 14.62 450.000 yuan 5,400,000 yuan 1.200.000 yuan total 3 32.84 1.300,000 yuan 14,100.000 4.500.000 yuan Xicheng District situates within regions in development or to be developed, therefore, not many people, or existing buildings or roads will be involved. The construction of waste water treating plants and laying of waste water pipelines will bear little impact on the environment. Only a little compensation is needed for the little land to be requested. However, trees should be planted around the waste water treating plants after their construction so as to reduce their impact on inhabitants nearby. Though no new waste water treating plant is to be built in the urban areas of Guilin City, the renovation of thc old city will have to demolished some existing roads and the pumping station to be built shall occupy somc land. As the land to be requested is not much and houses demolished can bc rcbuilt ncarby, there won't be much impact on people's life. Pumping stations will be built half underground and trees planted around them, so not much noise pollution will be caused even after the pumping stations go into operation. The above studies show that the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project will not bear much impact on pcopic's living in the construction area. The compensation fund needed Tor the five projects totals 17.15 mtlli`onyuan, of which 4.10 million yuan for the water diversion project, 4.8 million yuan for the refuse deposing system, and 8.25 million yuan for the waste water treating system. Altogether 66.2ha of land shall be requested, including 4.9ha temporarily occupied. The water diversion project shall requisite 5.8ha of land, of which Iha is paddy field, lihaforest, and the rest 3.8ha will be temporarily occupied; The refuse disposing system will requisite 48.4ha of land, of which 6.7ha is paddy field, 26.7ha dry farmland, and 15.Ohawasteland; The waste water treating system will requisite 12ha of land, of which is wasteland. The whole project needs to rearrange 95 people for their employment but no resettlement is needed. These people will be arTanged to work in small 124 scale processing industry, economic crop growing, forestry and fishery. So it can be seen no large scale inhabitant resettlement is needed. Only 66.2ha of land is to be requested and 95 people rearranged for their work. As a matter of fact, the people involved will have a higher standard of living as a result. 4.7 Risk analysis 4. 7.1 Purpose To analyze accidents during the operation of the project and their scope of impact so as to provide feedback informnationfor the designing. The major aim of the Lijiang comprehensive treatment project including the Lijiang replenishing water subproject, domestic refuse deposing and waste water treating project is to improve water quality of the Lijiang river during low water seasons, at the same time, raising water used by irrigation, transpiration, city's supply water and tour, major risk happen in the operation. (I) The waste water spill caused by pipe breaks, jam or, damage to pollute river and undergroundwater. (2) Explosion accident of pipe: CH, gas produced by organic sedimentation effect induces explosion as combustible substancesdischarged into pipelines. (3) Accidents of the waste water treating plant: failure of the machines or cut off of power supply may stop the waste water treating system so waste water is discharged into the river without any treatment. (4) Explosion of refuse landfill induces leaching increase to pollute underground water. (5) Dam accident of the drawing-off water project induces social risk and environmental risk of ecological resources. 4.7.2 Risk analysis of tie waste water treating system 1. Pipe blockage, crack and explosion The pipelines are usually not blockaded, crack and explosion. The accident is mainly come from design which is not rational, or in large amount of solid -wastes and combustible organic substances are discharged into pipe, the it should strengthen management to waste watcr pipelines. 2. Accident of waste water treating system Failure of the machines or cut off of power supply may stop the waste water treating system so waste water is discharged into the river without any treatment. If accident of waste water treating system happened, it will threat safety of drink water source, but the accident frequency is lower and time is short, and easy to be repaired, and so It should be solved for the accident on time to reduce impact. 125 4.7.3 Risk analysis of domestic refuse disposing system I Possible fire and it's treatment The fire hidden trouble is mainly come from gas combustion of refuse landfill. The first, refuse landfill gas should be controlled and discharged, and time monitoring CH, concentration, if necessary, combustion chamber is installed at the top of drawing-off gas pipe to be combust. The major measures of preventive fire: (1) Fire-fighting equipment is provided; (2) Fire-fighting knowledge training for staffs of the refuse landfill; (3) The rules and regulations are developed; (4) The inhibiting fire area and the preventing fire area are remarked within refuse landfill; (5) Selecting fire-fighting plants are used as aforestation. 2 Leaching liquor increase and it's treatment The formation of leaching liquor has mainly three: (1) Rain water permeates the refuse stack; (2) water in the refuse contained is pried out; (3) water produced by organic substance decomposing; (4) impact of rain water is largest among these. The capacity of adjustable pool does not meet needs if the most rain water is happened. The major preventive measures: (I) To ensure rain water and leaching liquor are deviled; (2) capacity of rain water discharging out is strengthed; (3) To build collecting and monitoring system of leaching liquor; (4) aforestation. 3. Preventing perneation layer crack possibility and it's treatment Selecting sitc is not suitable or construction doesn't meet technical needs which is mainly cause of preventing permeation layer crack. It is very important to ensure construction of preventing perrneation laycr to meet needs of technical standard. Once preventing permeation layer cracks arc happened, the crack location should bc investigated, which measures should be taken. 4. Possibility of leaching liquor accidcnt discharging and it's impact analysis. It is usually to discharge Icaching liquor after treating. In the case of lcaching liquor is discharged without treating, it will pollute river. The measures should be taken follows: (I) strengthening managcment to avoid man- madc accident happen; (2) To check treated equipment and treated results, the cause should -be found and resolved if it appears to bc-abnormalphenomena. -- 4.7.4 Risk analysis of the Lijiang river drawing water and processing bank project 1. Risk analysis during constriction The construction explosion area should be strictly managed to avoid accidentally injure of person. 2. Risk analysis during operation (I) Dispatching risk of the Qingshitan reservoir Once peak level is ever water level of dam top, the dam will be breached because of the 126 Qinshitan reservoir is earth dam, especially increasing water amount from the Xiaorongjiang river, the dispatching risk will be increased. The dam breaching of the Qingshitanreservoir If dispatch is not suitable or dispatch plan is not strictly implemented, long-term operation of the reservoir is above water level of wam line, thc dam of the reservoir will the breached to cause a large of economic loss. The dam breaching induced by management problem is 4% of all dam creating accidents. * Insufficient of replenish water flow of the Lijiang river If dispatch is conservative, the water used is over during high water season, which makes replenishing water amount not reach needs of design during low water season. The scientific management of the reservoir is first to resolve problems above. The reform of earth dam of the reservoir is also to reduce dispatching risk, of the reservoir, ensuring safety of the reservoir. . (2) Risk of dispatching control of the replenishing water project and it's loan repayment. If management is not suitable, the predicted replenishing water aim is possible not reached, it doesn't meet the need of water environment, landscape and transportationof the Lijiang river, at the same time, the loan repayment has some trouble. The project construction is only first step, the managementof project operation is most important. (3) Risk of project quality For example of Wulixia drawing-off water project, if quality of preventing permeation project is not reached to be needs of design, the replenishing water amount of the reservoir is also not reached to be needs of design, 40mJ/s of the Lijiang river during low water scason is also not reached. 3. Environmental risk analysis of the Qingshitanreservoir The environment risk produced by flood over standard water level or unsuitable dispatch is made simple quantitative assessment as follows. Assessment model: In which: ZO, i-C R=P - C P-Accident frequency of no wish 8 -i accident probability of all C-impact degree ( over standard times of pollutant concentration) R-Risk impact ratio ( 10' is accepted to human for risk of one time exposure of pollutant ) The design standard of preventingflood for the reservoir is once of 20 years, () '=0.00I is considered as once of 1000years for accident; Another, 0 2-0.04 is taken as accident ratio for no geed management; 15m'/s of replenishing water amount is considered during low 127 water season, over standard times of pollutant concentration is considered according to diluted capacity. P=e , 0 ,=4 X 05 c40 = - 45 =2.67- 3 15 R=PC=1.07-1.2x lO >10l The calculated reset of R shows that environmental risk may be ignored, but 40-45 m'/s flow of water amount of the Lijiang river should be reached, and water quality is reached to be needs of water quality aim, increasing new waste water treating plant should be considered bearer 2015 year, otherwise environmental risk is not ignored. 4.8 Measures and countcrmcasures to eliminate or relieve negative impact 4.8. 1 Major environmental couniermeasures during construction 1. Control of noise during construction Effective enclosures are to be put up around construction sites so as to reduce the noise level to within the standard set by the state. * Transportation vehicles passing through noise sensitive areas like living quarters, hospitals, schools, and governmental offices should go at a slow speed, and the use of horns and brakes should be limited. See to it that they don't go through living quarters at night. - Explosion and the use of heavy-duty machines should be avoided at night. 2. Control of raised dust Put up effective enclosures to prevent raised dust from spreading around. Castaway earth should be piled away from trunk traffic lines, living quarters or commercial quarters. Water should be sprinkled when necessary. Castawav earth should be directly loaded onto transportation vehicles and transportation should be carried out before it gets dry. Use packed cement and do not pile them in the open. 3. Measures to relieve impact on traffic Well plan materials to be transported to avoid affecting the city's norrnal traffic. The laving of pipelines along trunk traffic lines should be quickened to reduce the construction period. Try not to affect the trafftc at places where construction is carried out, such as to use steel plate over ditches. As the highways along the Xiaorongjiang River are narrow, there will be certain impact on traffic there. After the water replenishing project on the Xiaorongjiang River is completed, timber floating on the river will be affected and this should be compensated through road transportation. Therefore, it is suggested that the highway along the Xiaorongjiang River be upgraded, widened and their bends reduced. 4. Control of construction waste water t2a Tail water from stone material washing should be cleaned in desalts before it is released. Attention should be paid to reduce the amount of fine sand flowing into the river in the construction of veirs, Septic-tanks should be built where construction workers concentrate, and daily life waste water should be treated and sterilized. As the waste water from Guilin Weiquan Food Company ltd. will still be released into the sewage system of the city and the waste water treating plant at Qilidian can treat only part of the waste water while most of it is released into the Xiaodongjiang River, polluting its water quality The following measures should be taken to reduce this pollution: (I) Shorten the construction period so that waste water treating system will start working earlier. (2) Raise the extraction rate of yeast to be stabilized at 70% so as to reduce the release of COD. (3) Production should be limited during low water season and construction period. Buy middle materials from other places as their production produce large amount of pollutants. 5. Control of solid waste matters Carry out strict administration to reduce the amount of construction garbage. Control the irrational flow of construction garbage through periodical checking. Construction garbage should be buried in enclosed places like low hollows in the mountains, where earth banks should be built at its opening and earth is to be laid on top of buried garbage to restore the ecosystem. 6. Control of damage to landscape * Green belts of trees and lawns should be planted along the open tunnels as soon as they are completed. * Earth and stone work dug during construction should bc piled at proper places, bener to be utilized. * Attention should bc paid to the harmnonyof trees and grass grown on second and third grades protection slopes. Stoncs needed should not be taken on the spot but from quarries. 7. Measuresto protect land ecosystem * Ecosystem should be restored as soon as construction on temporarily occupied land is finished. _ - Education should be carried oultalong with administration to forbid workers to fell trees in places other than the areas to be inundated. Fire is forbidden in forest areas. * See to it if there are precious and rare trees or flowers to be protected in the construction sites of protection banks. 8. Health guarantee of construction workers Daily life waste water and night soil should be sterilized to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. Wet land occurring in construction should be leveled to eliminate breeding places of flies and mosquitoes. Construction at night should be avoided. 129 4.8.2 Environmental countermeasures to be taken during the operation of the project 1. Water replenish and bank protection of the Lijiang River (I) Measures to control the water quality of the Yijiang River Runoff of the Yijiang River will be reduced during the dry season to ensure the use of water in the Lijiang River and thus its environmental capacity will be reduced. To prevent the 'Yijiang River from deteriorating and to ensure its functions during the dry season, some small reservoirs of small annual water readjusting capacity should be built so as to increase its flow. The discharge of pollutants into it should be strictly controlled, and special attention should be paid to the increase of population. (2) Measuresto ensure the water quality of the Xiaorongiiang River As the flow of the Xiaorongjiang River during the low water season will be decreased to about l .Om31s with very limited environmental capacity, it is recommended that: * The development of water consuming industries be limited and green farming advocated. * During years when the water level at the Qingshitan Reservoir is high or when there is water crisis in the lower reaches of the Xiaorongjiang River, tunnels can be closed during the low water season and let water from the Xiaorongjiang River flow into the Lijiang River. = For the medium and long tern future, the flow from the Xiaorongjiang River is to be increased to 2.0m3 /s, so that the environmental capacity during normal period can be twice that during the low water season. Consideration be given to the possibility of readjustment period for weeks or days during the low water season so as to reduce the occurrence when the flow in its lower reaches is less than I.Orm3/s. (3) Measures to ensurc the water quality of the Lijiang River and the Taohuajiang River Second level treating of all the city's waste water be carried out at appropriate time and the technology of nitrogen removing be adopted. * lTheadjusting of water at the Qingshitan Reservoir should give priority to electricity generation, and the quota of power is set according to water capacity so as to reduce unnecessary lost. Water should be diverted from the Taohuajiang River to the Ningyuan River during ttte low water season so as to ensurelhriminimum landscape requirement and increase the latter's self-cleaning capacity. 2. Disposal of domestic refuse (1) Measures to prevent atmospheric pollution * The top of buried garbage should be timely covered with earth. It is recommended that hafmful gasses be led to the ground for monitoring and burnt when necessary. Closed buildings should not be built near the burial ground to avoid explosion or fire by methane. It is forbidden to build living houses near the burial ground. It is recommended that height of the gas conduction pipes be raised according to 130 analysis on the pollution, climate conditions and topography of the site so as to speed up the disseminationand dilution of pollution gases. (2) Measuresand suggestions to treat surface waste water - Strict measures are to be taken to ensure the liquid filtrate from buried garbage be treated to be within the first grade standard set in the Comprehensive Waste Water Discharge Standard before it is discharged. Catchment of water from the upper reaches should make a detour around the burial ground so as to reduce the production of filtrate liquid. Drinking water for people living down the burial ground should be further appraised to ensure it to be within the standard of drinking water. (3) Measures and suggestionsto treat ground water pollution Build a solid stop dam while measures are taken to prevent vertical and horizontal filtration. The earth covers in its middle and on its top should be up to required standard. Plants on top should be restored as soon as possible so as to reduce washing and loss of soil. The increaseof evaporation will reduce the amount of liquid filtrate. The collection of filtrate liquid from the bottom of the burial ground should be carefully designed and constructed to ensure that filtrate liquid is collected to be discharged to treating tanks. In this way its impact on ground water will be greatly reduced. CCare should be taken before the water in the lower reaches of the burial ground is used after the burial ground is in use. Water quality should be checked before using it. (4) Measuresto treat soil pollution Closely covered vehicles should be used to transport garbage so as to prevent ragged paper and raised dust being blown on the transpiration route and near the inlet of the burial ground. Buried garbage should be covered daily. Trees and grass should be planted around the burial ground. Matters with heavy metals likecwaste batterics and fluorescent lights and printed matters should better be picked out to prevent the soil from being polluted by heavy metals. (5) Countermeasuresagainst pollution during the collection and transportation of garbage Administration should be strengthened to ensure proper procedures be carried out during garbage collecting and dumping so as to reduce raised dust and improve the working conditions of workers. 3. Waste water treating system of the city Preventivemeasures to treat the negative impact of sludge produced -- two types of solid waste matter -- by waste water treating plants. Inorganic sand shall be cleaned through railings and aeration desilters. As has been suggested by the feasibility report, the sand thus cleaned is to be transported to the city's garbage burial ground to be buried. Closed or covered vehicles are recommcndedto prevent the sand from dropping. Mud cakes after dehydration 131 Mud cakes (containing 80% of water) contain N, P, and Na and can be used as fertilizer if checked to be harmless by appropriate institutions. Covered or enclosed vehicles are to be used for their transportation so as to prevent dropping and reduce the impact of foul smells. If not fit for fertilizer, they should be burnt or buried. But the burial ground should be carefully chosen. (2) Measurcs to reduce the impact of noise during the operation of pumping stations and waste water treating plants * Green belts should be planted around pumping stations and waste water treating plants to reduce their noise impact on the outside. * Sound proof measures should be taken, such as building sound proof rooms, and installing sound proof covers or silencers. * Preventive measures for operational workers should be taken, such as wearing ear plugs. (3) Measures to eliminate or reduce the negative impact of vater from waste water treating plants Though treated, water discharged by waste water treating plants is still somewhat polluted. For example, water from the east, the south and No.4 waste water treating plants in Guilin City have produced dozens-of-miles-long polluted belts in the Lijiang River, making this part of the water worse then Grade 11 surface water. Water discharged by the Xicheng waste water treating plant during 2010 to 2015 will turn the water in the Luoqingjiang Rivcr exceed the standard for Grade Ill water. And the water discharged by the waste water treating plant at Balijie in Linchuan County will reduce the water quality of 12km of the Taohuajiang River to worse than Grade III water. So the following measures are recommended to reduce such negative impact. * Carrv out dcepened treating of waste watcr at the wastc watcr trcating plants in the urban arcas of Guilin City so as to reduce the concentration of organic mattcrs in the water discharged. Water be replenished during the low water scason. Thus the water near the discharging outlets will be within the standard of Grade II water so as to maintain the water quality of the Lijiang River as a source of drinking water and tourist attraction. Establish a pool of 5.6 million m' in the low-lying place at the convergence of the -Xiaotaiping River and the Xiangsi River for secondary treatment of the water from the Xicheng waste water treating plant so as to reduce the negative impact on the Luoqingjiang River. In this way the concentration of organic matters in the water will be further reduced so that the water near the discharging outlet will be within the standard for III water. * To reduce the impact on the Taohuajiang River, the level of treating at Balijie waste water treating plant of Linchuan County can be raised, or waste water from Balijie directly goes to the waste water treating plant in the east suburbs to be treated and discharged into the lower reaches of the Lijiang River. 132 5. Alternate plans The project of comprehensive treatment for the Lijiang River in Guilin citv includes water replenishment and protection dikes of the Lijiang river. Do domestic refuse disposing system and city waste water treating systcm. Thcse works will guarantee the conservation of the eco-system of the Lijiang River. By conducting comprehensive analysis on the scale, service range, cost and credit repaying ability of the assessed project, China Municipal Works Desigring Institute and Shanghai Municipal Works Designing Institute have proposed a feasibility study report on the project. For tile more overall and widespread considerations, the following altemate plans have been suggested for reference by the assessing units. 5.1 Main Alternate plans The main alternate plans are listed in Table 5- 1. Table 5-1 Alternate plans for the Lijiang River comprehensivc Treatment Project Project altemateplan The water replenishmentproject Plan I Waterrepicnishmcnt plan forLijiang River Plan2 Watersupplementine routine plan The domestic rczuse disposingPlan I Sanimtyland fill. system Plan2 Sanitaryincineration. Plan3 1ligh-temperature compost. The city wastewatcr treatmcntPlan I Wastewaterfrom Qintan District enters Mantoushan Pump Station. system Plan2 Wastewaterfrom Qintan District cnters Qintan Pump Station. Plan3 Wastewaterfrom the NorthDistrict is carriedto the castof thecity. Plan4 Wastewatcris on-sitetreated. PlanS Xiaotaipingsouth wastewatertreatment plant. Plan6 xiaotaipingnonh wastcwatertrcatmcnt plant. The protcction dikes ol the Plan I lrotectiondikcs of the LijiangRivcr will be implemented. LijiangRivcr Plan 2 Protcctiondikes of the LijiangRivcr is not implemcnted. 5.2 Alternate plans for the Guilin environmental comprehensive treating project and comparison betwen them 5.2.1 Alternate Planfor the water replenishment project ofatie Lijiang River I. Comparison of alternate plans for water replenishment project (I) The Xiaorongjiang River unit Plan 1: The Xiaorongjiang River plan is not implemented. Plan 2: The Xiaorongjiang Rivcr plan will be implemented. Plan 3: The diversion tunnel is rebuilt to a pressure-bearing type and a hydroelectric power station is established. 133 Table 5-2 Comparative anaivsis of Alternate plans for the Xiao Rongjiang River unit. Plan Advantage Disadvantage Plan I 1. The original hydrologic condition of the river will not 1. Watcr supplementation for the Lijiang be damaged. River during dry seasons is impossible. 2. No impact will bc produced to the original aquatic 2. It is not possible to control the water flow ecosystem. of the Lijiang River. 3. The original water transportation system will not be influenced. 4. The original seasonal characteristics of the water envirofirent capacity will not be changed. 5. The hydrocicstric power gencration potential may be utilized. Plan 2 1. It is available to utilize the water of the Xiaorongiiang 1. The hydrologic regime of the lower reach River for controling the Lijiang River. of the river will be changed. 2. It is available to utilizc its own hydroelectricstation and 2. Thc original seasonal features of the water the Qingshitan Hydroelectric Station for elcctricity cnvironment capacity will be changed. generation. 3. The utilization of the hydrocnergy of the 3. The ability for controling the water flow of Qingshitan lowe; reach of the river will be limited. may be incrcased. 4. The control of water flow is weak. Plan 3 1. It is available to utilize the water of the Small 1. The hydrologic regime of the lower reach Rongjiang River to control the Lijiang River. areas of the river will be changed. 2. It is possible to use its own hydroelectric station and 2. The original seasonal fcatures of the watcr Qingshitan HydroclectricStation for lectricity generation. cnvironmcnt capacity will be changed. 3. The water supply will be incrcased with the help of the 3. The utilization of the hydrocnergy of the QingshiLanRcscrvoir. lower reach will be limited. 4. The hydreciectricity generation will be doubied. 15. Stronger loan-repaying ability by comparison to Plan 2. From the point of view of environmentalprotection, the environmental benefit of Plan 3 is better than that of Plan 2. (2) The Wulixia unit Plan 1: The water supplementation work. for Wulixia is not implemented. Plan 2: The water supplementation work for Wulixia will be implemented. Table 5-3 Comparative analysis of Alternate plans for the Wulixia unit Plan Advantagc Disadvantage -lan I 1. Investment-saving. 1. The Wulixia Reservoir may not be fully utilized. 2. No impact will bc caused on the water 2. It does not help to redo the water losses of environmentcapacity of the lowerreach. irrigationof the WulixiaReservoir. 3. The hydroencrgy may not bc utilized fully for hydrocltricity gcnrcation. Plan 2 1. The Wulixia Reservoirmay bc fully utilizedto 1.Rclatively high invcstment is required. supplementwatcr for the Lijiang Rivcrduring dry 2. It will cause impact on the water environment scasons. capacityof theXiangjiang Rivcr. 2. The water losscs of the Wulixiaifrigation canal may bc reduced and the control of the Wulixia Reservoirbecomes flexible. 3 The hydroelectricity gencration will beincreased. 134 (3) Lijiang River unit Plan 1: Bank protection work for the Lijiang River is not implemented. Water losses and soil erosion along the Lijiang River is serious. The water way requires dredging every year. Plan 2: Bank protection work for the Lijiang River will be implemented. It will help to protect the shorelines and the water quality of the river. However, the investmentfor this purpose is so high that it is difficult to repay the credit. 2. Comparison of the comprehensivealternate plans for the water replenishment project (I) Comparison and selectionof plans 8 comprehensive alternate plans for water supplementation are listed in Table 5-5. Among which the cost-benefit is expressed by the water diversion price. Here the benefit from hydroelectricity generationand irrigation is not considered. Plan 2, 3 and 4 reflect the cost-benefit of the single project. The optimized order for the single project is: the Wulixia > the XiaorongjiangRiver > the Yijiang River. Table 5-4 Comparativeanalysis of the comprehensivealternate plans forwater replenishment the Diversion from Diversion from Diversion from Investment Watcr diversion Water price plan the Yijiang River the the Wulixia (10000 yuan (yuan/m) Xiaorongiiang rescrvoir RMB) R iver______0 0 ___ _ 2 4 2644 6280 0.42 3 4 6480 6470 1.00 4 v 3000 3000 1.00 5 4 4 9124 12750 0.71 6 4 9480 9470 1.00 7 4 4 5640 9280 0.61 8 4 v 112124 15750 0.77 Among the combinational plans, Plan 5 and 8 are the best, in which the water price is less than 0.8 yuan/m', and the water supplementationwill reach more than 100million m'. The objective for water supplementation in the Lijiang River is 40-45 m3/s. The Wulixia River arc the priority target for water supplementation. It is shown from the comparisonof the alternate plans that the Xiaorongjiang and the Wulixia projects should be listed in theriority works. It is suggested that the Shikeng Hydroclectric Station be put into construction prior to the canal seepage control and a hydroelectric station be built to fully utilize the hydroenergy from the Xiaorongjiang diversion work. 3. Altemate plans for Water Supplementation Routine Plan 1: The existing plan. Plan 2: Part of the Qingshitan supplementation will be distributed to the Ningyuan River so that the Taohua River is supplemented partly from the Qingshitan Riservoir, under the constant total water supplementation,. In addition, a diversion instailtion is established at the up outlet of the Xiaodongjiang River so that part of the diversion from Wulixia and 135 Qingshitan goes to the river. It is suggested that the distribution of the water diversion is shown in Figure 5- 1. Qingshimanwest can I 10 : ahuaa Rivcr \ Th Xiaodongjiang - TNingyuan River 5-7 30/ 40 Fig. 5-1 Water Distribution During Dry Seasons (mn/s) Plan 2 has the following advantages over Plan 1: 1. Under the total water supplementation target (40 m/s) for the Lijiang River, the water environmental quality of the Taohua River, the Ningyuan River and the Xiaodongjiang River may be improved. 2. Water supplementation of the Taohua River from the west canal of the Qingshitan Reservoir will help greatly to improve the water quality of the River during dry seasons. 3. Water supplementation of the Ningyuan River through the west canal will considerably improve the water quality of the River. 4. The Xiaodongjiang River passes through the Qixingyan Park, wherc the current water quality is bad. It is possible to supplement the Xiaodongjiang River, which will help to improve the water quality of the lower reacher of the river and conscrve the landscapc. The disadvantages of Plan 2 arc as follows: I. Seepage control is needed for the west canal of the Qingshitan Reservoir, which will increase the project's cost. In the meantime, the maintenance and management of the canal will be made more difficult. 2. Diversion dam is needed for water supplementation of the Xiaodongjiang River, which will increase the investment of.the-project. It is obvious that Plan 2 is better than Plan 1. Plan 2 will help to impgve the water quality of the tributaries of the Lijiang River. Therefore, Plan 2 is recommended. 5.2.2 Alternate plans for city wastewater treating project 1. Alternate plans for the assessed units (1) Wastewater treating project for the northwestern part of the city. A. Wastewater treating plant Plan 1: The Xiaotaiping Piver south wastewater treatment plant. Plan 2: The Xiaotaiping River nouth wastewater treatment plant 136 B. Pipeline plan Plan 3: Long term planned wastewater pipeline estabtishment Plan 4: Pipeline construction in two phases. C. wastewater treatment plant Plan 5: A2/O plan. Plan 6: Oxidation ditch. Table 5-5 Comparison of wastewater trcatment plans for the northwestern part of the cit iProjcct Plan Advantagc Disadvantagc Location of Plan I Additional pump station is not needed. The Large and deep pipe sizc and high plant wastewater treatment plant causes littlc impact investment is needed. The conStruction and on the DevelopmentZone and the urban area operation management is difficult because it is it is located on the down part of wind and located far from the urban area. river. Plan 2 Small and shallow pipe size and low A 0.374 m3/s pump station is needed. It will investment is required. The construction and lead to environmental impact on the operation management is easy. The operation DevelopmentZone. cost is lower than that of Plan 1. Pipeline Plan 3 Small amount of pipelines and low investment It is difficult for the Development Zone to is needed, which makes the conswction easier. extend because of the large land use. Plan 4 Pipe network construction in two phases will Large anount of pipe and high investment is increase the flexibility for the future growth required. and little losses in pipe use will be caused. WastewaterIPlan 5 Compared with Plan 6. lessarea is required for Daily sewage sludge generation is larger that Treatment the construction of the wastewater treatment of Plan 6. Project cost and operation cost are Plant plant and the treatment rcsults will be bettcr, also higher than that of Plan 6. Technicians with higher proficiency are needed for the management of the plant. Plan 6 Daily sewage sludge genera-tion. project cost More land is needed for the construction of the and operation cost arc lower than that of Plan plant. 5. The plant is casicr to managc. The recommended plan (Plan 2) is to establish a wastewater trcatment plant in the north of the Xiaotaiping District. For the pipeline establishment, Plan 4 is optimal, and the optimized waste water treatment process is the plan of oxidation ditch. - (2) Plans for the Sewage Collection-Systemfor the Qintan District. Plan 1: Sewage from Qintan District enters the MantoushanPump Station. Table 5-6 Comparisonof the wastewater collection system in Qintan District Advantage Disadvantage Plan I Energy saving in pumping sewage. Additional sewage pipelines are needed to be built. Plan 2 No additional pipelincs are necdcd. T'hetotal lcngthof prcssure pipe is morc than that of Plan 1. The energy consumption during the operation period is larger than that of Plan 1. 137 Plan 2 is that the sewage from Qintan District is carried to Qintan Sewage Pump Station, and then enter Mantoushan Pump Station and finally is treated in the No.4 Wastewater Treatment Plant, and the treated water is discharged into the Lijiang River. (3) Wastewater Collection System in the North Plant Plan 1: Wastewater from the North Plant is carried to East. Plan 2: Wastewater is on-site treated. Table 5-7 Comparison of Plans for North Plant Wastewater Collection Advantage Disadvantage Plan I Treatedwater is dischargcdinto the imgationcanal and finallyjoins the LijiangRivcr.The investment is less than that of Plan 2. which helps improvethc wastewatcrcollection system of the East District. Plan2 The constructionof pipcline system of the East The trcatedwastewater is dischargedinto the Lijiang Districtmay be maintainedand improved. River. which causes impacton the drinking water area and the investmentis higher than that of Plan I. The suggested plan is to carry the wastewater in the North District to East, that is, the sewage is carried to the Guojiang Pump Station and then pass along the Xiaodongjiang River and finally enter the East Wastewater,Treatment Plant. treated water is carried to irrigation canal and then is discharged into the Lijiang River. The capacity of this main pipeline system will reach 92,000 m3/d in 2015. 2. Comparison of the alternate plans for city wastewater treating project (I) Comparison of the plans Table 5-8 shows the predicted wastewater amount in Guilin city and the treatment capacity of the recommended plans. Table 5-8 The predicted wastewater amount and the recommended plans Project Period Wastewater Period Suggestedplan Invcstment (I 0000 ttd) (10000 td) (10000 vuan RMB) Northwcst District 2000 7.3 Ist 3 10219 WastewaterTreating 2010 14 2nd 6 17646 Plant 2015 20 Qintan DistrictSewage 2000 6.68 2000 6 10661 CollectingSystem 2010 10.40 2015 11.4 2015 12.42 NorthDistrict Sewage 2000 2.92 2000 2.65 6260 CollectingSystem 2010 4.40 2015 6.5 2015 6.72_ Based on the comparison between the alternate plans for wastewater pipeline system, wastewater trmatmentplant location and the wastewater treatment process, the following conclusions may be reached: (I) The recommended plans for wastewater pipeline network system for the urban area and the Xicheng District of Guilin city is feasible and may be implemented. (2) The plan for the Xicheng District Wastewater Treatment Plant location is 138 appropriate and feasible. (3) It is appropriate to adopt oxidation ditch process for urban wastewater treatment. However, the prediction results of water environment impact show that during the period from 2010 to 2015 the water quality of the Luoqing River can not meet the Class III water quality standard due to the discharges from the Xicheng District of Guilin city. Tiherefore,it is recommended that by 2010 Dama pond is built as a treatment pond to reduce the pollution of the Luoqing River by the sewage discharge from the XichengDistrict of Guilin city S.2.3 Aliernate plans for Municipal Solid Wastes Disposal in Guilin citr- i. Comparison of the plans (1) Alternate plans Plan 1: Sanitary landfill (original plan) Sanitary landfill is to pile up the solid wastes in a relatively closed system to avoid their impact on the environment.This treatment method has the advantages such as low cost, large treatment capacity, simple technical equipment, energy recycling (methane). In addition, sanitary landfill is also the final treatment of compost and incineration. Plan 2: Compost (alternate plan 1) Compost is a process to degrade the organic part of the solid wastes with the help of the activities of microorganisms.The organic substances become stable residues after a high temperature process. When the organic content is more than 35%, the minimization of municipal solid wastes is made possible. Plan 3: Incineration(altemate plan 2) lncineTation is to burn the combustible constituents in the solid wastes and fully oxidize them when the heat value of the wastes is relatively high. (2) Comparison of the plans Table 5-9 shows the characteristics, environmental impacts, benefits, investment and costs of the plans. Table 5-9 Coi'uparison of tthCsolid wastes disposal plans Item Disposal Mcthods Sanitary landfill Sanitarv incineration Compost Reliabilitv Tcchnical rcliablc Technical reliablc Tcchnical rcliabic Safcty Safe, prcvent cxplosion and firc Safc Safe Location Difficul. geographic conditions. May bc built ncar the Simpic, it is desirabic to build the watcr environmcnt should bc urban arca. compost site far from the denscly considercd carefully. The populatcdarca, suggcstedsmcll impact distancc from the urban area is radius is in 200 mctcrs, transportation preferably more than 15 km. distance 10- I 5'km. Arca Largt Small Medium Applicability No Heat valuc is morc than The content of degra-dable organic sub- 4.000 KJk-g. stances is morc than 40%. Final No The residucs(accounting The uncompostable part (accountingfor disposal for 15% of the soli 20% of the wastes) need subsequent wastes) nced disposal. disposal. Products The methanc may bc utilized for Heat or clectricity may beMay be used in farming. electricity generation. utilized. 139 Table 5-9 Comparison of the solid wastes disposal plans Item DisposalMethods Recycling Great Great Little Resource Land resource Reyvcledsubstances Manure Surface water It need be taken to prevent the No Lirtle contamination. Groundwater Scepage control measurcs may No Little contamination be taken to prevent the contamination. Ambient air Tht- air pollution may be May bc controlled. Slight pollution controlled. Soil In the landfill site. No The hazardous subs-tances necd to be contamination controlled. Management Fair High High level _ *lnvestmentper I 8-10 2-3or more unit "Disposal cost II 3-4 1.5 * The investmentand cost of landfill is considered as 1. The resuits in Table 5-9 shows that the three disposal methods have same advantages and disadvantages. Among the three methods, landfill the only effective method because the residues from the incineration and compost process still need sent to landfill. Therefore, the recommendedplan is to combine the Chongkou Landfill with Pingshan Compost Site. 2. Alternate plans for the sanitary landfill (I) Alternate plans There are two leakagecontrol methods: natural leakagecontrol and artificial leakagecontrol. The former requires that the leakagerate be less than 107 cm/s. And the Chongkou Landfill can not meet this requirement and need artificial leakagecontrol measures. There are two artificial leakagecontrol methods: horizontal leakagecontrol and vertical leakagecontrol(Table 5-10). 3. Comparison of plans Table 5-10 Comparison of plans for landfill leakage control Plan Advantage Disadvantage Plan I Vertical 1. Small amount of labor is needed. 1. It requires good hydrological and geogra- leakage 2. Low constructioncost. phical conditions. control 2. The lcakagecontroleffect is not good. 3. It is not a commonlyused method. 4. It is not a recommended method. Plan 2 Horizontal 1. Good Icakagccontrol effect may be 1. Large amnountof labor is needed. leakage obtained. 2. Rclatively high constru-ction cost. control 2. Such controlmethod is commonlyused in 3. The clay is difficult to obtain. China. 3. Little difficulty in cons-truction. _____1 4. It is a recommended method. 140 Table 5-11 Comparison of leachate control plans Plan Advantage Disadvantage Plan 3 Combination of pipe 1. Simpic facilitics arc needcd. 1. Large environmentalrisk. respray with waste water2. Low invcstmcnt. 2. High operation cost. transportation 3. Part of the leachate remains untreated. 4. The process is not ripe enough. Plan 4 Combination of vchicic 1. Simple facilitiesarc necded. resprav and transpor-tation 2. Low invcstment. Plan5 Oxidation ditch 1. The Ieachatc may be thoroughly 1. lligh invcszment. treated. 2. Large amount of arca is needed. 2. Littic environmental pollution. 3. Low operation cost. 4. The process is rclatively ripe. 4. Selection and analysis for the plans for sanitary landfill of municipal solid wastes in Guilin It is shown from Table 5-1 I that the original plan and the substitutional plan have their own advantages. The main advantage of the original plan is low construction cost, and its main disadvantage is that the leakagecontroleffect is difficult to ensure. The main advantage of the substitutional plan is good leakagecontrol effect, but its major disadvantage is high construction cost because the clay is unavailable. According to the exploration results provided by Guilin Geographicaland environmental MonitoringCenter, the clay is available near the landfill site. Therefore,the constructioncost may be reduced. Theoretically the originally proposed vertical leakagecontrol plan is feasible, however, by now no reliable examples may be obtained. Tlis method is still not on the list of recommended method for solid wastes landfill by the competent department in China, the main reason is that the reliability of this method has not bc demonstrated. As for the Chongkou Landfill, the residents of the villages around the landfill rely on the groundwater as drinking water, and if leakageoccurs, the loss will be great. Therefore, this method of disposal is not appropriate from the point of view of social economic and environmental benefits. Thus, the horizontal leakagecontrol is more feasible than vertical leakagecontrol method. Table 5-1I shows that the difference between Plan 3 and Plan 4 is not significant. The difference consists in respray techniques. In contrast, the investment of Plan 3 is relatively high, but the operation cost is low, aniElan S is more reliable with-less environmental risk. Plan I and 2 aims at evaporating the untreated leachate. However, in Guilin, the evaporation is more than the precipitation. It is impossible to treat the leachate in such a way. Moreover, it is not feasible that the untreated leachate is carried to the wastewater treatment plant for subsequent disposal because: Firstly, the transportation cost is high; secondly, the treatment capacity of the plant is limited, and the leachate needs dilution prior to treatment; thirdly, the comprehensive cost is high. Plan 3 adopts the on-site treatment of pollutants, which causes no impact on the environment. Therefore, compared with Plan I and 2, Plan 3 have better environmental benefit (Table 5-12). 141 Table 5-12 Economic and environmental benefits of the leachate disposal plans Plan Investment(10,000yuan RMB) Operation Cost Environmcntal Social Benefi Pl_n 3 71 HigPoorModteBeneft Plan 3 71 High Poor Moderate Plan 4 66 High Poor Modermtc Plan 5 90 Low Good Good 142 6. Analysis on the Benefit of the Lijiang River Comprehensive Treating Project 6.1 Analysis on its social benefit 6.1.1 Improve tfe environmentalquality so as to stimulate the tourism development The tourist amounts are increasingyearly, city's pollution level is also increased along with city's construction, development of agriculture and industry. At present, water quality of the Lijiang River is National Standard 11 basically, but major tributries including the Xiaodong River, the Taohua River, the Nanxi River and the Ningyuan River were obviously polluted, so that Guilin municipal government has decided to construct waste water treating system in the urban area and west district of Guilin region and refuse disposing system, restore river bank of the Lijiang River, divert the water of the Yijiang River and the Rongjiang River to the Lijiang River etc. included the Lijiang River ComprehensiveTreating Project. It will effectively control pollution of Guilin municipal and the Lijiang River as well as tributries of the Lijiang river, improve environmental quality of Guilin City and Region, in favour of protection of major tour landscapcof points along the Lijiang river. It is very important for protecting water environment of Guilin City as majQr tourist landscape and famous historical culture. The project is not only improving water quality of the Lijiang rivcr and it's tributrics but also flow of the Lijiang River will be 40m'/s during dry season. which is in favour of developmentof tourist in the Guilin City and Region. 6.1.2 Imnprove the civ 's appearance and it 's environmental qualitv Everybody knows that the collection and treatment of waste waster and domestic refuse are base for the construction of municipal works. The construction of the proposed project will collect and treat citv's waste water for city's area, which doesn't make waste water to be .. ischarged into the Lijiang river ew-difectly. The discharge of waste water will be in according with national standard after treating. The construction of the proposed project will also collect and treat domestic refuse, the all transferred station of refuse will be reformned into clean closed refuse car. The domestic refuse is treated by landfill instead of simple dumping. The completion of the project will obviously improve city's appearance and it's environmental quality. 6.1.3 Rational disposition of water resource,raise used efficiency of resource 143 The wayer flow of the Lijiang River is only lOm'/s (P=90%) during dry season under the natural condition, the water flow will be increased to 40-45 m'/s after the completion of the project. The purpose of the project will store water during wet season, then used in the dry season, the completion of project will effectively allocate water flow and raise use efficiency of water resource, such as the completion of project will be used water capability increased of the Xiaoronjiang River during wet season. Which can be used to increase electricity generated by Huangmei hydraulic power station, the water flow deposited by the Qingshitan reservoir can be used to increase electricity generated by replenishing water flow of the Lijiang river during dry season. The water resource of the Xiaorongshui River during wet season can be used to supplement water flow for the Lijiang River during dry season, 14.2 million kw.h of generated electricity can be increased in a year, which is very import to develop economy of the Guilin. 6.1.4 Stimulate economnic development. increase chance of getting ajob The completion of the project will effectively stimulate development of tertiary industry, improve communication and traffic, and supply electricity condition, which will bring to increase the chance of getting a job. The completion of the project will improve investment environment including city's environment and water quality of the Lijiang River, absorb a large number funds and simulate development of agriculture and industry. Which provide chance of many new jobs for the Guilin municipal and the Linggui county. 6.1.5 Improve lifc quality The pcrsonal average GNP, income and consume ctc are not affected during construction of the project. The impact of people's living quality during construction of the project is unfavorable short term and reversible. The impact of people's living quality during operation of the project is long term and favoreble. The water quality of the Lijiang8Riv=-and it's tributries will be renewed cleanly water, and reduce inferior impact of psychological, feeling and disseminative opportunity of disease to the tourists and the inhabitants after the completion of the project. The Lijiang River and it's dikes will become ideal place for tourist, tak-inga rest and recreation for the people after the completion of the project. The completion of the project is not only raising the people's matter and cultur level but also improving inhabitant environment and benefiting people's life so that the completion of the project will raise life quality of the inhabitants. 144 6.1.6 Strengthen resisting capasity of the waves lashed a/ river bank ofLijiang River The completion of the protection dikes project of the Lijiang River will make the original river bank damaged by the waves lashed from the large tourist's ship to be restored and protected. The beautiful natural landscapes for the mountain and water of the Guilin are not oniv no damaged but also enable the transportation of thc tourist's ship in the Lijiang River during four seasions a year. The section of protection dik-es at the city's area may strengthen flood controlling capacity of the city. 6.2 Financial analysis of thc project 6.2.1 Compiling basis (1) "The Calculation Quota of Building Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region" (1990) (2) "Guilin Municipal Build Material cost In forTnation"(Nov.5 1995) (3) "Building-up project Cost Quota" (1991) (4) "The Handbook for Rough Calculation and Economic Assessment of Supply water and Discharging Water Project" (1993) (5) "Guidance of World Bank LoanBusiness" (6) "Project Designing Cost Standard" (1992) 6.2.2 Investment Calculation andfund source 'The Guilin Lijiang rivcr environmental comprehensive treating project" requircs a total investment of 557.5 million yuan (RMB), among others "thc water replenishment project for the Lijiang River" requiring a total investment of 109.7 million yuan "the protection dik}esproject of the Lijiang Rivcr" requiring a total 55.8 million yuan, "the city waste water trcating system" rcquiring a total investment of 337.9 million yuan, "thc domestic refuse disposting system" requiring a total investmentof 54 million yuan (see table 6-1) Table 6-1 Project investment calculation unit:million yuan Project Staticstate Others Totalinvestment I. The watcr replenishmcnt projcct for the Lijiang 86.507 23.136 109.67 River 2. The protectiondikes projcct of the LijiangRivcr 40.991 14.859 55.84 3. The citv wastc watcrtreating system of Guilin 348.66 97.89 337.96 4. The domesticrefusc disposying systcm of Guilin 54.015 Total _ | 557.49 145 The loans from the World Bank and domestic bank are used. see table 6-2 for the using plan of investment. Table 6-2 The fund source and using plan of investment unit: million vuan Project Total Capital Loan from Loan from First Second Third investment cost World Domcstic Bank year year year Bank 1. The Water replenishment project 109.67 32.9 54.00 22.77 for the Lijiang River 2. The city waste water trcating 337.96 46.34 164.97 126.65 87.99 126.73 123.24 system _ 3. The city's refuse treating project 54.02 S.102 27.01 18.91 4.Thc protection dikes of the 5584 1675 2792 1117 Lijiang River . 6.2.3 Pay bank loan plan Take 7.1% for the interest rate of loans from the World Bank, and 15.02% for the interest rate of loans from the domestic bank, the repayment period for Loans is 10 years, but the intcrest rate is not calculated for the capital cost. (I) Analysis on repayment capacity The sources of repayment fund possess of profit, market fee and break old fee. The calculation of repayment load and it's interest rate reveals that the project will possess of repayment capacity within repayment period based on repayment style of loan. The profit is from the waste water treating fee, water fee, electricitv fce and collecting and treating fee of refusc. (2) Sensitivity analysis Seetable 6-3 for the sensitivity analysis of the project Table 6-3 Analysis on sensitive elements of the Project Ptoject Element Range the city waste water trcating project Investmcnt and fee for discharging waste water -10-10% the water replcnishment projcct for the Lijiang Investment and fee for ciectricity and water used -20-20% River The protection dikes project of the Lijiang River No The domestic refusedisposting system Investment and fee for refuse -20-20% 146 (3) Income of project operating period The calculated period of operating input is 20 years including construction period of 3 year. The repayment load will be started after 5 years, and will be ended in the 15 years. The major income the domestic refuse disposting system is from the refuse discharging fee. If the refuse discharging fee is not made, which will be not favorable to city's sanitation construction. It is suggested that the fee charged for discharging refuse is 69.94 yuan/t. If the fee charged of 69.44 yuan/t for discharging refuse the refuse, treating amounts of 5OOt/day are calculated, the fee charged for discharging refuse will reach 12.764 million yuan/year. Tlhepopulation of the city district (not including suburb district) in 1995 is 0.5 million. The refuse amounts produced and the population for the Guiling municipal district can be calculated based on the ninth-five plan and 2010 year planing of the Guilin municipal environmental comprehensive treating. The refuse treating amounts in the near future are 159,000t/year,the forward refuse treating amounts are 181,000t. The major income of the Guilin city waste water treating project is from the fee charged for discharging waste water. It is suggested that the fee charged for discharging waste water should be raised, if the fee charged for discharging waste water is raised to 0.65yuanlm3 for the Guilin urban area, 1.50 yuan/m3 for western district of Guilin city since 1997, the govemment needs not put in any fund after the project is put into operation, the project will reach brcakeve. If the fee charged for discharging waste water based on above suggestion, and the operation capacity of waste water treaty plant reaching design level after 1997, so that 60.38 million yuan/year for Guilin urban area, 16.43 million yuan/year for Western District of the fee charged for discharging waste water will be reached. The project will rcach financial balance basically after 2018. The major income of the Guilin supplement water project is from electric fee and benefit from increasingsupplement water amount, The comparing several plan as follows. (1) The project of overall plan The project includes 2 supplement-wr project, total investment is 109 million yuan, total electricity is 17.5 million kw.h, total supplement water is 173.57 million m) (calculating section), 136.4 million m3 (Guilin section). See table 6-4 for assessment result of each plan. Table 6-4 Assessment result of the overall plan (45m31s) Calculatingsection Guilinsection 20f%capital 30%/ecapital 12%Discount 20%capital 30%capital 12%Discount waterprice (yuanmn3 ) 0.284 0.223 0.19 0.3 0.2 0.242 IRR(°/%) 17.33 13.30 7.9 13.96 NPV 9553 3085 9272 3314 147 (2) Project of Qingshitan Reservoir and Xiao Rongjiang River The investment cost is 71.959 million yuan, electricity is 14.20 million kw.h, supplement water is 86.22 million m3 (calculating section) and 73.30 million (Guilin section). See table 6-5 for assessment result. Table 6-5 Assessment result of project (45 m'ls) Plan Calculatingsection Guilinsection 20%capital 30% capital 12%Discount 20%/capital 30%capital 12%Discount waterprice (yuan/m') 0.19 0.4 0.125 0.22 0.17 0.146 IRR(%/o) 17.7 13.49 17.33 13.89 NPV 2895 3724 2763 923 (3)Wulixi project T-heinvestment cost is 26.403 million yuan, electricity of power station is 3.30 million kw/h, supplement water is 87.35 million (calculating section), and 63.10 million m' (Guilin section) See table 6-6 for assessment result. Table 6-6 Assessment results of project (45m3/s) Calculatingsection Guilinsection Indcx | 200/ capital 30%capital 12%Discount 20%/ capital 30%capital 12%Discount water pricc (yuan/mn3) 0.06 0.05 0.0435 0.084 0.065 0.061 IRR(%) 16.97 14.06 17.17 13.13 NPV 738 297 = _ 768 161 (4) Explication Analysis on economic assessment of the projcct is based on principle on gaving priority of the supplement water for small reservoir, and water regulation for large reservoir, which are used to calculate effective supplement water amount for each project, and compare investment for each project. The reservoir capacity of Wulixia project is first. The reservoir capacity of Qingshitan Reservoir and Xiaorongjing project is the largest. Therefore, the difference between water price of effective supplyment water of the Xulixia project and Xiaorongjiang plus Qingshitan project is not representative for difference of economy. Analysis on plan comparison: for only considering capital cost as 20% is used to calculate water price of section. 148 Table 6-7 prediction on water price of calculating section Flow Water pricc for Xiao Rongjiangpius Qing Shitan Water pricc for Xu Lixi 45m'1s 0.19yuanlm' 0.06 yuanrm' 40m'/s 0.26 yuan/m' 0.056 yuan/m' Analysis on water price based on financial posibility knows that first selection is Xulixia channel water project, second is Xiaorongjiangproject. 6.3 Analysis on national economy of project (I) The Guilin city waste water treating system is a project of protecting environment and favorable people. Indirect economic benefit produced from the project is great, direct -economic benefit produced from the project is mainly included at the protecting present supply water source, saving supply water cost for new increasing, improving environmental quality, raising land value etc. ne fee charged for discharging waste water will be raised, accumulated profits of 20 years for waste water treating plant during the operating are separately 278.083 million yuan for the Guilin urban waste water treating plant and 49.76 million yuan for the Guilin west district wvastewater treating plant. The profit rates of financial affairs are separately 9.71%, and 5.90%. There for, constructionof the project process with economic benefit. (2) Tle water flow of the Lijiang River During dry season is only lO.Om'/s (P-90%) under natural condition, 30 m3/s was raised after the first period supplement water project. 40-45 m3 /s of water flow will be reached after completion of the proposed project. The purpose of project is to accumulate water during wet season which may be used at the dry season, the water flow can be adjusted effectively after completion of the project, water resource is used greatly, such as water flow of XiaorongjiangRiver during wet season can be used to increase furish power for the Huangmei hydranlic power station, deposited water at the Qingshitan Reservoir during dry season is used to supply water for Lijiang River, at the same time, the Qingshitan hydraulic power station furishes power. The water flow of Xiao Rongjiang river during wet season can be adjusted to supply water for Lijiang river during dry season, at the same time, 14.2 million kw.hlyear of power is increased, which is used to develop economy for the Guilin, the economic benefit produced should be increased to be several times to more than ten times of it's self for power station. 6.4 Analysis on environmental benefit of the project 6.4.1 Benefitfor environmental protection 149 I I The Guilin domestic refuse disposing system may solve environmental problems caused by the refuse. The refuse treating project will improve environmental quality, which is also 5 favorable to improve water environment of the Lijiang river. At present, a large amount of refuse is brushed and washed by surface runoff into the Lijiang river. The refuse will be given a thorough cleaning and treating after the completion of the project, the Lijiang river pollution caused by the refuse is solved. Beside, it will prevent the breeding of flies and mosquitoes, and will control damaging rate of mousses after the completion of the project, and greatly improve its environment, beneficial to people's health. The Guilin city waste water treating project is a project that will reduce pressure of the R waste water to the water environmental capacity of the Lijiang river, improve its water quality, beneficial to protecting drinking water quality for the Guilin. The major environmental benefit of the project for the supplementing water and protecting river bank of the Lijiang river is as fallows: (I) Water environmental quality benefit The water flow of 10-15 m'/s during dry season will be in creased after thc completion of the project, which means increasing water flow of 33.3% and reducing pollutant S concentration of 33.3% for the Lijiang river. Beside, the water quality of thc Gantang river and it's lower reaches located through routes of the supplementing water will be improved 5 greatly. Tle water environmental capacity of the lower reachcs of thc Xiaorongjiang River and the Xunjiang river will be a littie reduced, but it's scope and degree will be small. (2) Atmosphere environmental benefit Air pollutants are not discharged During operation of the project, newly-increased four hydroelectric power stations will reduce and replace fire power electrifying station of same - scale so that the project is favorable to controtAirpollution. Thc water flow of 3Om3/swill be increased to 40 m3/s for the project, the water flow of 10 m3Is is newly-increascd, newly-increased water flow can be thought to increasing benefit of secondary sewage treatment plant of 50000tId. (3) Other benefit The hydroelectric power may replace fire power eletrifing, reduce coal amounts used, also reduce environmental problems produetd by coal transportation, solid waste treating etc. The construction of protecting river bank of Lijiang River is a project that will strengthen river bank preventing lashed capacity, improve environmental landscape during dry season. ISO 6.4.2 Analysis on environmental economic cost-benefit The Guilin Lijiang River comprehensive treating project is a environmental protection project, so that investment of environmental protection wvillreach 20%-66% of the project investment. Table 6-8 Investment for thc Lijiang River Comprehensive Treatina Project ,______.______Unit m illion yuan Project Investmentof Total investment of % of total Environmental the project investment protection the watcr replenishment project for the Lijiang 165.51 - 20% River I The domestic refusedisposting system 28.169 54.015 52% The city waste water treatingproject 236.53 337.96 69% The major direct economic benefit produced by thc project is come from economic benefit for using water source and sludge utilization. The city's sewage aftcr through collecting and treating can be used to irrigate land, so that reduce pressure of land using water to river and reservoir. The sewage produced by sewage treatment plant can be used as organic fertilizer for trces and flowers. The indirect economic bencfit produced by environmental protection investmcnt is great. The first, water ecological environment, the down towvnarea ecological cnvironmental and investment environment arc improved. The second, the water pollution of the Lijiang River can be reduced, beneficial to preppie's health. 151 7. Plan for Environmental Administration and Environmental Monitoring 7.1 Setting up of environmental protection management system 7.1.1 purpose To impletntnt laws, rules and regulationsabout environmentalprotection, to deal with relationshipproperly between developing economy and protectingenvironment, to see to the consistencyof the environmentalbenefit, social benefit,and economicbenefit of the project, to handle the results of preventingmeasures of pollution,to monitor the environmental qualitychanges for surroundingareas of the projectso as to providebasis for environmental management. The administrationwill be in charge of environmentalmanagement of the project separatelyas follows: 7.1.2 Organizationalstructure and number of staff The departmentof environmentalprotection of the GuilinLijiang RiverComprehensive TreatingProject consists of two parts respectivelyin chargeof environmentaladministration and environmentalmonitoring. Special personnel from administrationand constructionunit of the project will be assigned to be in charge of the environmentalmanagement, EnvironmentalMonitoring Stations from the Guilin municipaland area of the Guilinregion shouldbe in charge of environmentalmonitoring. The administrationunits will be in charge of environmentalmanagement of the project separatelyas follows: (I) The constructionunit of project is in charge of environmentalmonitoring and measuresof environmentalprotection during construction (2) The environmentalmonitoring station locatedin the proposedproject is in charge of environmentalquality monitoring and collectingthe viewsand demandsof the communities. _ (3) The project office is in chargecnfoverall checking for environmentalprotection measures,quarantee the operationof environmentalprotection facilities. The responsible institution of project and EPA of Guilin will be in charge of environmentalmanagement of projectduring operation. 7.1.3Function of environmentalprotection body I Environmentalmanagement (I) To carry out laws and complywith standards of environmentalprotection (2) To establishadministrative rules and give frequentcheck up 152 (3) To work out environmentalprotection plans and see to their implementation (4) To lead and organize environmentalmonitoring and file up a data (5) To carry out environmentaleducation and technical training so as to raise the quality of the staff (6) To establish rules and regulations on the discharge of pollutants and the operation of environmental protection facilitics, (7) To takc the responsibility for daily work of environmental protection, and to coordinate with the environmental protection unit around the area to answer questions raised by the public and tackle involved problems; (8) To take part in emergency disposalof emergence incident.. 2 Environmentalmonitoring (I) To work out monitoring plans and establish rules and regulations (2) To complete monitoring task required environmental monitoring plan and compile forms for reporting statistics and write reports (3) To take part in the investigationover environmental accidents (4) To tak-epart in environmentalassessment (5) To test, maintain, and repair instruments used for the monitoring to ensure their normnalservice. 7.2 Measurcs for environmentalmanagement 7.2. ) Environmental administration diring ftie construction of lie project 1. Aim: To prevent or reduce pollution caused by the construction 2. Measurcs for cnvironmcntal management (I) Thc institution that undertakes the project should take the overall responsibility for the environmentalprotcction during thteconstruction and see to it that it is donc in every stage and by everydepartment concerned; (2) Work out unified arrangemcnt for thiccountermeasures to be taken. the order of the construction, and the fixing up of construction sites according to the requirements of environmental protection authorities and set in this assessment; (3) Construction tcams are required to be trained for the management of environmental protection and to be responsible for the environmental protection and see to that the following environmentalprotection plan be carried out: A. Plan on control destroying vegetation The construction area should be lined, and destroying vegetation around construction site should be strictly prohibited. B. Plan on preventing constructionnoise 153 Noise pollution during the construction is mainly caused by construction machines and vehicles. The standard set in "Rules and Regulation for Noise Pollution Prevention and Treatment", and Document GB12523-91 "Noise Limit for Construction Site". Special attention should be paid to the construction noise at night. C. Plan on reducing raised dust Large amount of raised dust will be produced during construction of landfill site and transportation station of refuse. The construction should be done in a civilized way to reduce raised dust pollution. 7.2.2 Environmental management ofier the project is put into operation 1. Aim: To insure the normal operation of environmental protection facilities for the project so as to meet the environmental protection demands of the designing. 2. Measures for environmental management (I) Unified administration over environmental protection Environmental protection should be a part of the overall administration over the project, and attention should be paid to the environment protection in every link of the administration. In this respect it is led and supervised by the Guilin Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. (2) Nonnal operation of environmental protection facilities After the project is put into operation, normal operation of the waste water treating plant, drainage water system and landfill facilities should be maintained, and strict responsibility system should be established. The operation record should be kept to see the designed requirements are met. 7.3 Environmental monitoring plan 7.3.1 Environmental moniloring during tfze construction 1. Aim: To check pollution of noise and raised dust during the construction and take timely measures. 2. Duration of monitoring The whole period of the construction of the project is included, especially during construction of refuse transferring station and refuse landfill. 3. Items to be monitored: Items to be monitored are the following considering the construction of the project (I) Noise: Equalized intensity of sound in dB(A) (2) Atmosphere: TSP 4. Monitoring points 154 Monitoring points for refuse transferring station during the construction should be selected in densely populatedinhabitant quarters. 7.3.2 Environmental monitoring during the operation of tJtcproject 1. Aim: To check the actual impact of the project and change of the environmental qualitv, to prevent pollution accidents, so as to provide scientific bases for the environment protection. 3. Major items-tobe monitoredand monitoring frequency and position (I) Water Monitoringitems, frequency and position are as same as normal monitoring. (2) The monitoring of noise and TSP for sensitive points is as same as normal monitoring. (3) Down stream region of the project should increase monitoring points, major items are SS, BOD5 COD, TN, TP and colibacillus. (4) For ground water of down stream region and monitoring well of refuse landfill site monitoring items are as same as nornal monitoring. Once a season. (5) There are three monitoring points in the down stream region of refuse transferring station. major items: Hg, Pb, As, Cd etc.. Once a season. 3. Monitoring instrument Table 7-1 Major monitoring instruments No. lnstrumcnrs Unit Amount No Instuumcnts Unit Amount I Computcr Bench 2 7 High-pressurcLiquid Bcnch I ______Chromatograph 2 Samplccollector for air Bench I 8 Toxic gas anali.cr Bench I 3 InfrarcdSpccuopotomctcr Bcnch l 9 Metcorological Bench I ______paramctersurvey metcr 4 Sampiccolkcctorlor water Bench I 10 SO..NOx. CO and TSP Bcnch I analvzcr for each 5 Analysis balance Bcnch I II Noise survcv mctcr Bcnch I 6 BODand COD analyzcr Bench 1 12 Small instrumentsand for each Glass instruments 7.3.3 Investment of tlie environmental monitoring plan It is suggested that the investment of environmental monitoring plan from project is 2 million (RMB), which is used for environmentalmanagement and environmental monitoring of project during the operation. 155 8. Public Participation Environmental problems are getting more and more serious global along with the social development, and people's environmental sense has reached a new height so that they have a sense of responsibility for the protection of the environment to make suggestion and request for the project. Public participation of this sort is not only an important mark in measuring a nation's sense of the environment but also a need for developing environmental protection and economy. 8.1 Aim and purpose The World Bank hopes that the assessment on the environmental impact of the project submitted to it will fully reflect the views, suggestions, and demands of the communities and local non-governmental organizations which will be affected by the proposed project. News conferences, testament sessions, and expert advice soliciting meetings should be held so as to have a good understanding about the scope and extent of the social, environmental, and economic impact of the proposed project in order to provide a reliable, sound, and scientific basis for granting the Loan. This will make the assessment more practical and more convincing. Investigation was made on the public participation of this project in preparing this assessment as required by the World Bank. Public participation was invited during the process of this assessment according to the demands of the Word Bank. The following is an account of the ways, scope, and result of the public participation. 8.2 Methods of investigation Many methods were used for the public participation: sessions of field questions and answers were held; questionnaires were distributed, and experts' opinions and advice solicited. At the same time radio reporters' interviews, TV programs and newspapers were also mobilized to gather concerned opinions, suggestions, and demands for the proposed project. Materials thus collected were sorted out and classified for analysis. 8.3 Scope of investigation The proposed project involves the whole city, Yangsuo county, and Lingqui county of Guilin municipal, Lingchuan county and Xing'an county of Guilin region, so the scope of the investigation carried out included the area along the construction of engineering project. Institutions investigated included the Municipal People's Congress, the People's congress of 156 Guilin Region, the Municipal Political Consultative Conference, the Political consultative conference of Guilin Region, the MunicipalGovernment, Guilin Region Governments, City district and county govemment, as well as dozens of enterprises, schools, hospital and neighborhood committees. 8.4 Subject of investigation Representatives of the people's congress, members of the people's political consultative conference, government officials, other functionaries of various institutions, doctors and nurses, professors and teachers, workers, students, and ordinary inhabitants; experts and scholars, in the fields of planning,environmental protection, construction, foreign trade and economy, and engineering, and farmners,especially ordinary inhibitions, farmers of area affected by the Project. -8.5 Method of investigation 8.5.1 Random sampling was held at different levels among the masses of the people who will be directly affected by the project Sampling taking was taken for the investigation near institutions along the construction line based on their professions and cultural levels. Then questionnaires were given and were filled out on the spot. 8.5.2 It asked for interviews and suggestions from representatives of the people's congress and the people's political consultativeconference to the proposed project. 8.5.3 Mass medium like newspapersand TV broadcast were adopted to publicize the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project and to solicit opinions and suggestions on the social, environmental. and economic impact of the project. 8.5.4 The experts and scholars in the fields of planning, environmental protection, water conservancy, foreign trade and economy, engineering, ecology, and construction were invited to -attend advice seeking conferences and testimony sessions for the project. The experts filled out questionnaires. 8.6 Analysis on the results of investigation 8.6.1 Investigating crowd ratio 470 questionnaires were received, 280 questioners from the water replenishment project for the Lijiang River, 101 questions from the city waste water treating project, 89 questioners from the domestic refuse disposing system. See table 8-I for investigatingcrowd radio. 157 Table 8-1 Investigating crowd radio water replenishment project city waste water treating domestic refuse for the Lijiang River project disposing system occupation whitecollar staff 48.6% 56% 53% workers 14.4% 13% 18% farmers 21.4% inhabitant 3.7% 31% 28% sex mcn 71.9% 65% 690/o women 28.1% 35% 31% Cultural collage level 29.8% 45% 56% level high professional 16.9% 90/% 23% school level highschool level 42.1% 46% 22% primaryschool level 11.2% 8.6.2 Analysis on the results of investigation 1. About the awareness of the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project: 90% of the people investigatedsaid that they had learned about the project through TV broadcast, newspapers or other people, and 10% had not heard about it before. The investigation increased the project's transparency and aroused public concern over the project. 2. About opinions of the project: Masses of the community all expressed the opinion that the project would improve the appearance and water quality of Lijiang River. So more than 95% of them were in support of the project and hoped it would start soon. 3. About the environmental impact of the project: More than 95% of the people investigated said that they held the project would have long and favorable impact on the environmental quality of the Guilin. 4. About the project's economic benefit: The people investigated thought the water replenishment projects for the Lijiang River make reservoir to be irrigation, replenishment water, making power etc.; in favour of developing industry and agriculture. The water replenishment project makes the Lijiang River to increase 86km transport line from 20km originally during dry season, make for tourist development. The waste water treating project and refuse disposing system would improve appearance of Guilin City, which would bring certain economical benefit. 5. About the impact of the construction of the project on people's life: 40% of the people investigated said that they wouldn't mind; 50% said there would be some impact but they could stand it; 14% said it would be unbearable, who were mainly 158 concerned about the noise of the construction and unfavorable impact of the construction to people's life and traffic. 6. About the removal required by the construction of the project: The subjects of the investigation said that the removal would cause much inconvenience but they would be willing to accept the arrangement made by the government and do their best to overcome difficulties. But they hoped they would be compensated according to the policy and their living conditions could be improved when they would be resettled. 100% of the people to be removed agreed to move. 7. Suggestions and demands of the communityconcerning the project (I) The diversion work of XiaorongjiangRiver a. It was hopes that Xiaorongjiang River diversion work should be earliest carried out, increasing water resource of the Lijiang River to improve environment. b. Suggesting diversion water from outside valley such as Longsheng. c. It should be realized to pay for supplementary water, strengthening commerce for water resource and protecting the Lijiang River as well as water resource. d. It should strengthen management to east irrigation ditch and west irrigation ditch, guarantee results of diversion work. (2) The diversion work of Wulixia Reservoir It was hoped that the diversion work should be earliest carried out, strengthening management of the project. (3) Waste water treating project of Guilin City It was suggested that social contribution for waste water treating project should be developed . (4) Domestic refuse disposing system It was suggested that the collection and transportation of refusc should be escaped during people's activity in order to reduce impact to peopie health. The closed car should be used to transport refuse. 8.6.3 Analysis on the interviewsfor social community The municipal peopie congress and municipal political consultation conference had 12 proposals and I suggested report on the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project in the past two years, such as "StrengtheninS-water quality protection of the Lijiang River', "Treating tributary pollution, protecting water quality of the Lijiang River", and "Suggestion for supplement water of the Lijiang River" etc.. The suggestion, demand and view from members of political consultation conference and representatives of people's congress are as follows: 1. About supplement water flow of the Lijiang River The National Tour Agency suggested that 30m3/s flow and 0.75m water deep should be needed during dry season. But 40m'/s flow in the city area should be increased along with development of social and economy. 59 2. About quarantee radio of the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project It was suggested that 97% daily quarantee radio and 95% monthly quarantee radio should be needed. 8.6.4 Analvsis on investigationresults for the experts They held that the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project is a major event benefiting people by improving water environment quality of the Lijiang River and city's landscape. The-project will bring remarkable social, economical and environmental benefit. All the experts investigated expressed their support for the construction of the proposed project. (I) It is necessary to make up administrative and consultative institution organized by the governmental officials, and members of water power, city construction, environmental protection, planning, tourist, commodity price and financial agencies etc., which resolves problems in the process of project construction. (2) It was suggested that administration of the Lijiang River should be strengthened, and strict laws is worked out. (3) Effective measures should be taken during the construction so as to reduce the unfavorable impact on people's life. 8.6.5 Thterole plaved by mass medium like radio stations andnewspapers To publicizc the project for higher public participation and public sense of the environment, Guangxi TV stations, Guilin TV station, "China Environmental News" "Lijiang Daily", "Guilin Daily", "Yangcheng Evening News" and "People Daily", gave a number of introduction to the aim, plans, rcsults of the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project. Guangxi TV station broadcastcr a TV documentaries on June, 1994 entitled the Treating of the Lijiang River is inevitable, Guilin TV station also broadcast a TV documentaries entitled study on plans of the Lijiang River Comprchensive Treating, which gave introduction on the Lijiang River water quality, water flow, tourist Is affected, the forest in the two side river banks was distorted etc.. It expressed that treating the Lijiang River is inevitable. "China Environmental News" published a reportage from ecologists entitled "supplement water of the Lijiang River is Inevitable" on November 10, 1994. It also carried a reportage entitled "Guilin municipal people's congresses pay close attention to water environment." These reports published the necessity and urgency of the project and strengthened public participation, positive to solicit people's understanding and support and favorable to the smooth carrying out of the project's construction. 160 9. conclusion and proposal The Guilin Lijiang Environmental Comprehensive Treating Project includes the subproject of water replenishment of the Lijiang River,the subproject of waste water treating system in Guilin City and the subproject of domestic refuse disposing system in Guilin City. * It is an important environmental protection project for the Guilin City's environment and ecoenvironment of the Lijiang River, which will diverse water into the Lijiang River 266.6 million m3/a, dispose refuse 500 tld and collect waste water 50,000 m'/d during the operation. 9.1 Existing environmental quality I Quality of water environmental The monitored data from 1991 to 1994 and 1996 for this project have shown that the present water quality of the Lijiang River is good, most index are within the Grade 11 standard set in "Document GB3838-88 Standard for Surface Water EnvironmentalQuality". But certain items such as coliform and petroleum exceeded the standard in 1991-94, DO is a little too low, and that of NH,-N exceeded the standard of Grade If water by a big margin. As a whole water quality of the Lijiang river is good, but the trend of the change of water quality reveals worse from Dahe section to lingpinshan section, which was affected by the discharge of domestic waste water and non-point sources. The Taohua River, the Xiaodong River, the Ningyuan River and the Nanxi River are not meet the standard for Grade IIl water, after 1994, it is deteriorating along with the developmcnt of pollution. The index of coliform and petroleumseriously exceed the standard for Grade III water. The index of coliform, petroleum, COD#,,,BOD, NO,-N and NH3-N all exceeding the standard for Grade 111in all tributaries. The trend of the change of water quality reveals that the water quality of the Xiaodong River and the Taohua River has been deteriorating rapidly. The water environmental quality of the two water drawing places is fairly good. According to the standard for Grade 1I water, Hg and petroleum in the XiaorongjiangRiver is lightly-polluted, that of coliform medium-polluted.The concentration of T-N in the water of the Wulixia Reservoir is somewhat fairly high while other items do not exceed the standard for grade 11water. The total area of good and fairly god underground water in the surveyed area was accounting for 90% of the total. The area of fairly poor underground water was accounting for 2.4% of the total's, mainly distributed along Wucheng-XimenRice Flour Mill-brewery; along No.3 Pharmaceutical Factory-WanfutanDairy and Yaotou area. 2. Solid waste The total amount of domestic refuse produced was 131,000tin 1993, of which 120,000t was transported away and 65,000t treated to be harmless. Industrial solid waste in Guilin City was well handled and under good management, because the adoption of the policy of comprehensive utilization. Impact of solid waste in Guilin is mainly caused by domestic 161 refuse. Because the capacirv of harmless treatment is far from enough, its pollution to water, soil and the atmosphere, and lack of transporting capacity and transit stations is becoming more and more outstanding. Besides, there is some impact from thre industrial solid waste. 3. Quality of atmospheric environment The average daily concentration of SO, and NOx (in 1991-1994) has not exceeded the Grade I standard set in "Document GB3095-82 Standard for Atmospheric Environment Quality" and TSP did not exceed the standard for Grade I. But the average daily maximum concentration of SOz, NOx and TSP has exceeded the standard for Grade I and Grade 11, respectively. TIc concentration of TSP was exceeding the standard for Grade 11 according the monitoring of the project's area in 1996, and the maximum exceeding rate was 80%. The quality of atmospheric environment was good on the area of replenishment project. 4. Acoustic environmental quality of the Guilin region Traffic and daily life noise are main environmental noise sources in Guilin. The road equivalent noise intensity exceeded 3dB(A) for standard of "Urban environmental noise standard" during daytime, and the length of which was 44.83km taking up more than 78% of the total length of roads. The area where the average equivalent noise intensity exceeded 7OdB(A) during daytime was 8.06%; that exceeding 6OdB(A) 39.51%; that exceeding S5dB(A) 68.95% in 1994. This was reveals that the noise pollution was serious in Guilin City, so noise will have impact on people's life. The traffic and local noise was not exceeded standard on the area of replenishment project by monitoring in 1996. 9.2 The factor of project's environmental impact The negative impact of the project is basically during the construction of the project, of short term, reversible and local. while positive impact is basically during its operation, of long term and cxtensive. So aftcr thc project is completed and put into operation thc major impact will be favorable, though there will be local unfavorable impact. 1. Raised dust and noise will have impact on the atmospheric quality and people's lifc. The laying of pipelincs and the construction of water drawing tunnels, the collecting and transporting of construction refuse will have much impact. 2. Refuse landfill will have impact on ground water and inhabitas nearby. But as a whole the project is an environmental project with remarkable benefit. 9.3 Assessment on environmental impact during its construction This is a comprehensive environmental trcatment project involving industrial waste water, domestic sewage, solid waste, water replenishing,. It involves a large scale and will last a fairly long time. A number of machines shall be used and large amounts of garbage, backfilling earth, and construction material shall be piled for some time; So noise, foul smell, traffic jams, secondary pollution and so on will affect the city's landscape and people's life. 162 1. Noise will be produced in different stages of construction.Measures should be taken to avoid construction at night. 2. It is better to transport away sand and pollutants directly. Care should be taken in loading to avoid droppingsand prevent pollutants from touch the ground. Construction should be carried out in a civilized way to prevent secondary pollution. 3. Transportation should have covers and constructionsites should have enclosures, and water should be sprinkled on piled earth and bottom clay dug up so as to reduce the impact of raised dust. Management should be strengthcnedto shorten the constructionperiod. 4. Transportation needed for the constructionshould avoid rush hours so as to reduce its impact on the city's traffic. S. Management of temporarily piled construction material and bottom clay should be strengthened to reduce possible secondary pollution, The above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree. 9.4 Assessment on environmental impact during its operation The project's environmentalimpact during its operation is mainly positive, manifested in its improvement of the water environment of the Lijiang River and its tributaries and the ecoenvironment of the city. This will greatly improve the city's investmentenvironment and promote its economic development. 1. Impacton the water environmentof the LijiangRiver The project including the subproject of water replenishmentproject for the Lijiang River, the subproject of domestic refuse disposing system and city waste water treating project will not only increase the water flow of the Lijiang River during low water season, but also cut its pollutants from the city's point and non-point sources, playingan important role in protecting and improving the water environment and ecoenvironment of the Liiiang River. Prediction finds out that without the project the concentration of BOD, and CODMWat the section of Longmen will reach respectively 13.63mgfLand 13.26mg/Lin 2015. The project can reduce the figures to 7.35mgfL and 7.10mg/L, that is CODM.will meet the standard for Grade IV water. But the project cannot make the water quality of the Lijiang River meet the standard for Grade II water as the waste waser Treatingplants can only treat 60% of the total waste water discharged in 2015. The garbage collecting system and burial ground will greatly reduce non-point pollution source of Guilin City. This is also beneficial to the water quality improvement of the Lijiang River during high water season. The project will also improve the surface water and ground water of the city and its suburbs, radically changing the hygienic and ecological situation of the city. 2. Impact on the city's ecoenvironment Guilin City is a famous tourist city. The completion of the project can collect and dispose 500t/d of domestic garbage and treat 178,500tIdof waste water, thus basically solve heavy pollution areas of the city, especially the central part of the city. 163 9.5 The environmental impact of building, removal and inhabitants resettlement The project has not an amount of building removal and inhabitants resettlement, but need take over land 218.6 ha and 317 surplus labor power would be properly arranged. 9.6 Benefit of the Lijiang River comprehensive treating project The project will has good benefit, it's major benefit is that it will solve the problems of pollution and dust, so as to improvethc environmentalquality of the down town area, people's living conditiols and water quality of the Lijiang River. This will improve investment environmentand touristenvironment. The project requires a total investment of 557.5 million yuan (RMB) and has some economic benefit, the profit is from the waste water treating fee, wvaterfee, electricity fee and collecting and treating fee of refuse, and tourist fee. The project's benefit is that this project improves the water and ecoenvironment of the Lijiang River and urban ecoenvironment of Guilin City, so as to develop the tourist and the Guilin economics. 9.7 Public participation The public participation of the project involves the wvholeGuilin city, including Yangsuo county and Lingqui county, Lingchuancounty and Xing'an county of Guilin region, so the scope of the investigation carried out included the area along the construction of engineering project. Institutions investigatedincluded the People's Congress. the members of the Political Consultative Conference especially farmers, ordinary inhibitions of the area affected by the project. The result showed that 90% of the investigated people supported the construction of the project, 95% of the inhabitants said thcy could understand the short impact of the construction of the project, if the removal of the houses and resettlement of the inhabitants are carried properly with proper policies, they will support the project of the prevail interest. To sum up the Lijiang River Comprehensive treating Project of Guilin is an onvironmental protection project will briagre markable environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit. The project will impact environmental and inhabitants of the project's area during construction, but the above mentioned environmental impact is of short term and reversible. Proper measures can reduce it to the minimum degree according the EIA statement. 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