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BONGAIGAON DISTRICT Inventory of Agriculture

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA Agricultural University , -783384 Assam

2015-16 2

BONGAIGAON DISTRICT Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA Assam Agricultural University Bongaigaon, Abhayapuri-783384 Assam

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Correct Citation : Dr. Dwiban Pujari, Ms. Mary Sadhana Sarma, Mrs. Chayanika Roy, Mr. Sanku Moni Sharma, Dr. Gouranga , Mr. Abdur Rahman, Mr. Bedanta Kr. Das, Mrs. Roshmi Rekha .

Published by : Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bongaigaon, Assam Agricultural University

Compiled by : Dr. Dwiban Pujari, Ms. Mary Sadhana Sarma, Mrs. Chayanika Hazarika Roy & Mr. Sanku Moni Sharma Edited by : Dr. Chinmoy Kumar Sarma Contact : Programme Coordinator, Krishi Vigyan Kendra Bongaigaon, P.O., Abhayapuri-783384, Assam Cover Design : Mrs. Chayanika Hazarika Roy

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FOREWORD

Information on existing resources and infrastructures is of utmost importance for planned development of agricultural sector; however, it is not available in a compiled manner and many a times policy makers need to devote considerable time and energy to collect requisite information. The main stakeholder in agricultural sector ‘farming community’ also faces lot of difficulties in getting information of various developmental activities being implemented by different developmental agencies in a district. The Central and State

Governments have been implementing a number of programmes for overall development of the farming community and the resource poor and remotely located farmers are more often deprived of many of such schemes because of their ignorance about these programmes.

Therefore, it is the need of the hour to bring together information on available resources, infrastructures, ongoing developmental programmes/schemes etc. in a book form at the district level.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Bongaigaon was established in 2014 under the umbrella of Assam

Agricultural University, -13 and has been rendering its service for effective transfer of technologies among the farming community. The present compilation is a step taken by KVK

Bongaigaon which contains basic information on the present state of agriculture in the district, details of various research and development organizations relevant to the farming community and different schemes that are in operation in the district. The inventory is expected to fulfill the need of the farming community. 5

I congratulate all the members of KVK Bongaigaon for their earnest efforts in bringing out the Agriculture Inventory of Bongaigaon District in the present form, within a short period of conception of the idea.

Date : 19.02.2016 Dr. Chinmoy Kumar Sarma Programme Coordinator KVK, Bongaigaon

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PREFACE

The Agricultural Inventory of Bongaigaon District is expected to fulfill the need of farming community, policy planner and those who are engaged in agricultural development in the district. Krishi Vigyan Kendra Bongaigaon has made and attempt to bring together relevant information as much as possible in relation to various resources, infrastructures, financial institutions, ongoing developmental programme etc. needed for agricultural development in the district. Unknowingly, some information may be left out but we assure you that all these information will be included in our future versions of the publication. Further, we are very much conscious about the importance of updating the contents time to time to include changes that are likely to happen due to policy changes.

The authors place great sense of gratitude to the Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, AAU, Jorhat, the Director of Extension Education, AAU, Jorhat and all the Scientists of DoEE, AAU, Jorhat for their constant encouragement and support in different ways. We express our sincere thanks to the all the staff of KVK Bongaigaon who have directly or indirectly contributed to publication of this compilation in the present form. We dedicate this publication to the cause of the farming community of Bongaigaon District and we are happy if suggestions are made by the users for further improvement.

Bongaigaon Date : 19.02.2016 Editor

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Contents :

I. District in general 11 a) Climate 13 b) Topography 13 c) Forest 14 d) Water resources 14 e) Demography 14 f) Culture and education 15 g) Health care sector 16 h) Banking and allied sectors 16-17 i) Local bodies and rural development 17

II. Agricultural scenario of the district 18 a) Crops 18-22 b) Livestock 22-23 c) Fisheries 23 III. Constrains in agricultural production 24 a) Crops 24 b) Livestock 24 c) Fisheries 24 IV. Institutional support for agricultural development of the district 25 A. Crops 25 a) Department of Agriculture 25 b) Krishi Vigyan Kendra 25-27 c) Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) 27-28 d) Lead Bank 28-29 e) Other banking institutions 29 f) Farmers club and voluntary organizations 29 g) Polytechnic colleges and vocational higher secondary schools 29 B. Livestock 29 a) Department of animal Husbandry 29 b) Farmer’s groups and organizations working in livestock sectors in the district 29-30 C. Department of fisheries 30 a) Farmer’s organizations working in fisheries 30-31 8

V. Research and development organizations relevant to district’s agriculture 32 a) Crops 32 1. Coconut development board, Bongaigaon 32 2. Seven sisters development Association (SeSTA) 33 b) Livestock: Nil c) Fisheries: Nil VI. Plants and schemes for promotion of agriculture 34 a) Crops 34-35 b) Livestock 35 c) Fisheries 35 VII. Farm Machinery Suitable to the District 36 a) Farm mechanization/ Farm equipments 37 VIII. Telephone directory of important agriculture and related departments/ offices in Bongaigaon 37-43

List of figures:

1.a. location of Bongaigaon District 12

List of tables :

Table 1 Average monthly rainfall (mm) at Bongaigaon during 2013 13

Table 2 a Demography profile, 2011 census 14-15

Table 2 b Rural and urban demographic profile, 2011 census 15

Table 3 Educational institutes in Bongaigaon district 16

Table 4 Number of Private hospitals and registered diagnostic centres, 2013 16

Table 5 Land use pattern of Bongaigaon District (Area in Hects.) 18-19

Table 6 Major crops & varieties in the Bongaigaon District 19

Table7 Area, production and productivity of major crops in Assam during 2014-15 19-20

Table 8 Area under high yielding variety of Rice, 2013-14 (Area in Hect.) 20

Table 9 Season wise consumption of fertilizers, 2013-14 (in tonnes) 20

Table.10 Crop season wise area irrigated 21 9

Table 11 Crop and crop season wise area irrigated in 2012-13 and 2013-14 (P) 21

Table 12 Information on soil type 21-22

Table 13 Information on land use pattern in different soil types in Bongaigaon District (Area in Ha) 22 Table 14 Estimated livestock and poultry population, 2013-14 (Sample survey) 22

Table 15. Total livestock and poultry population as per 18th Livestock census 2007 22-23

Table 16 Number and area under Fisheries, 2013-14 23

Table 17. Farmers’ group and organizations are working in livestock sectors 29-30 Table 18. Different ongoing schemes under Agricultural Department implementing in the Bongaigaon District, 2014-15 34 Table 19. Agricultural Implements and Farm Machinery 36 Table 20. Telephone directory of important agriculture and related departments/ offices in Bongaigaon KVK, District 37-43

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Chapter I

Bongaigaon District in General

Bongaigaon district is an administrative district in the state of Assam in northeastern

India. The district headquarters are located at Bongaigaon. The district of Bongaigaon was created on 29 September, 1989 from parts of and Kokrajhar districts. The district loss size when part of the district was split to make in the year 2004. Bongaigaon district occupies an area of 1093 sq. km. (Statistical Handbook Assam, 2014). The district is situated in North West side of Assam, surrounded by Kokrajhar and district in North

West, in the East and river Brahmaputra in the south. Bongaigaon is situated at an average altitude of 62.6 m with the cardinal points 26028´ to 260 54´ North latitude and 890 to

900 96´ East longitude. As per 2011 census, the total population of the district is 7,38,804.

Administratively, the district is divided into two subdivisions viz. Bongaigaon and North

Salmara, 3 numbers of Revenue circles viz., Bongaigaon, Boitamari, Srijangram There are five community development blocks (CD) viz., Dangtol, Boitamari, Tapattari, Srijangram and

Manikpur, and 65 numbers of Gaon Panchayat.

Agriculture plays an important role in the economy of the district and about 70 per cent of the rural population directly involve in agriculture as their livelihood. Rice is the main crop of the district and mono-cropping of rice is a common practice in most of the rice growing areas.

There is considerable scope of crop intensification by way of increased cropping intensity.

Planned productivity, diversification and modernization of various subjects of agriculture help to increase the cropping intensity. Productivity enhancement in various crops is also an important issue as there is considerable yield gap due to various regions which need to be 11

addressed. Crop diversification and productivity enhancement will also look after food and nutritional security of the people of the district. Animal husbandry is a wide spread activity in the upland farming system; however, there is need to improve the productivity level in this sector. The agro-climatic condition of the district is ideally suited to livestock farming systems and there is assured local market for various produces. Inland fish production in the region is not satisfactory and a considerable portion of the fish is to be imported from outside the district. In some areas, integrated fish farming is being practiced which have potential for further development. The industrial scenario of the district is quite encouraging. This is one of the most industrially developed district in the state.

There are 52 numbers of registered MSME units under the Commissionerate of

Industries and Commerce, of which 48 are micro and 4 are small. The district has 39 different types of industry of which 5 agro-based, 2 forest based, 7 textile, 2 chemical, 7 engineering, 5 electronics, 3 mineral and rest 8 are miscellaneous. 12

Figure 1.a. Location of Bongaigaon District

The District-

BONGAIGAON

Area : 1725.29 sq Km Location : North Eastern Himalayan sub-region of Longitude range : 89o East to 90o96‘ East Latitude range : 26o28' North to 26o54' North Borders : Kokrajhar, Chirang, Barpeta, Dhubri and Goalpara.

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a. Climate

In Bongaigaon the climate is warm and temperate. The summers are much rainer than the winter. The average annual temperature is 24.30 C. precipitation here average 3159 mm. the driest month is December. There is 8 mm of precipitation in December. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in June, with an average of 759 mm. With an average of 28.50 C, August is the warmest month. The lowest average temperature in the year occurs in January, where it is around 17.30 C. The precipitation varies 751 mm between the driest month and the wettest months. The variation in temperatures throughout the year is 11.20C. The average monthly rainfall during 2011 is given in the Table 1. Table 1. Average monthly rainfall (mm) at Bongaigaon during 2013

Monthly rainfall Bongaigaon Assam Normal Actual Normal Actual January 10.0 0.0 16.2 1.4 February 31.2 8.6 32.0 9.1 March 57.5 217.0 78.1 47.9 April 183.7 100.7 172.9 103.7 May 442.0 498.4 304.2 298.2 June 653.0 251.5 444.1 238.1 July 776.6 437.5 454.2 368.3 August 481.8 271.2 355.2 297.2 September 406.4 469.4 285.7 224.0 October 168.2 187.0 131.8 115.8 November 18.7 0.0 24.9 0.8 December 116.0 0.0 11.8 2.3 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014 b. Topography

The district is under basin. It falls in the lower Brahmaputra velley zone. The topography of the district represents mostly plain lands except a small portion of isolated hills in sub division. The soil type is generally sandy to sandy loam with alluvial deposits. The district has large reservoir of water resources with the river Brahmaputra and its two tributaries of Ai and Manas. The agro climatic conditions of the district are conducive for various agricultural activities.

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c. Forests

The forest land in the district is estimated to be 4201 hectares. d. Water resources Bongaigaon district has a good number of rivers, flowing from the mountainous region of to its south which offers a good source of flow and lift irrigation. The net area irrigated in the district in the year 2012-`13 and 2013-14 was 383 and 1143 hectares respectively. e) Demography The population of the district as per census 2011 is 7, 38, 804 with a higher male population. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.58 per cent. The population density per sq. km is 676 which contribute 2.37 per cent of state population density. The overall literacy rate is 69.74 percent with higher literacy in males (74.87 %) and lower (64.43%) in females. Bongaigaon district has a sex ratio of 966 females for every 1000 males. The demography profile of the district is listed in the Table 2(a &b).

Table 2 a. Demography profile, 2011 census

Description 2011 Actual population 738804 Male 375818 Female 362986 Population growth 20.59 % Area sq. Km 1093 Density/km2 676 Proportion to Assam population 2.37 % Sex ratio (per 1000) 966 Child sex ratio (0-6 age) 969 Average literacy 69.74% Male literacy 74.87% Female literacy 64.43% Total child population (0-6 age) 116392 Male population (0-6 age) 59099 Female population (0-6 age) 57293 Literates 434078 Male literates 237114 Female literates 196964 15

Child proportion (0-6 age) 15.75% Boys proportion (0-6 age) 15.73% Girls proportion (0-6 age) 15.78%

Source: census 2011.co.in

Table 2 b. Rural and urban demographic profile, 2011 census

Description Rural Population (%) 85.14% Total population 628994 Male population 319786 Female population 309208 Sex ratio 967 Child sex ratio (0-6 age) 973 Child population (0-6 age) 105251 Male child (0-6 age) 53336 Female child (0-6 age) 51915 Child percentage (0-6 age) 16.73% Male child percentage 16.68% Female child percentage 16.79% Literates 347869 Male literates 191158 Female literates 156711 Average literacy 66.42% Male literacy 71.74% Female literacy 60.91%

Source: census 2011.co.in f. Culture and education

The district is famous for its centres of reputation in learning and culture. Culture of Bongaigaon district could be traced from the historical background of this district. It can easily be summarized that the entire area at one time was ruled by kings or feudal Lords hailing from the Koch-Rajbonshi belonging to Indo-Mongoloi ethnic group of people till the end of princely states in 1956 A.D. The kings of the area had a hoary past and can be traced back to the “Kiratees” of the epic age (Mahabharata fame). Naturally Koaches alias Koch-Rajbnshies are considered as the native people of Bongaigaon District. Rabhas, Garo tribes, Yogis, Kalitas and Kayasthas are also considered as indigenous who settled in this region prior to the arrival of Brithis rulers. The educational institutes in Bongaigaon are given below:

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Table 3. Educational institutes in Bongaigaon district

Educational institutes Numbers Lower Primary school 844 Upper Primary school 303 Upper Primary school with Higher Secondary 23 High school 121 Higher Secondary 17 Junior college 4 Colleges 8 source: Statistical Handbook Assam, 2014 g. Health care sector

The district has 1 Civil hospital, 44 primary health centre, 2 First referral units, 4 community health centres and 76 sub centres functioning under State Government (Statistical Handbook Assam, 2014). Numbers of private hospitals and registered diagnostic centres in the district is listed in the table 4.

Table 4. Number of Private hospitals and registered diagnostic centres, 2013

District/ Strate Poly clinic/Nursing home No. of Diagnostic centre Bongaigaon 5 16

h. Banking and allied sectors

There are different banks and finance organizations in Bongaigaon which provide their service to the people here. Largest commercial bank in India like State Bank of India too has branches all over Bongaigaon. Apart from that, other Indian banks like Central Bank, ICICI Bank, HDFC bank also have their service in Bongaigaon. These leading banks also have their ATMs for easy transaction facilities for the public. The details list of banks in the district is given below:

Sl. No. Name of the bank 1 Axix Bank 2. Bank of Boroda 3. Bank of India 17

4. Canara Bank 5. Central Bank of India 6. HDFC Bank 7. ICICI Bank 8. Indian Bank 9. Indian Overseas Bank 10. State Bank of India 11. UCO Bank 12. Union Bank of India 13 Indus Ind bank 14 Assam Gramin Vikas Bank 15 Apex bank 16 Federal Bank

i. Local bodies and rural development

No. of villages: 563 CD Blocks: 5 Gaon Panchayat: 65 Anchalik panchayat: 5 Zila parishad: 1 Revenue circle: 3 No. of Women Self Help Group (SHG) formed: 891 No. of village organizations formed: 32 Employment generated (Man days) under MGNREGA in 2013-14: 787145 Job card issued in 2012-14: 115283 Household provided employment: 35294 House under construction under IAY in 2013-14: 3416 Source: Economic Survey of Assam, 2014

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Chapter II

AGRICULTURAL SCENARIO OF THE DISTRICT a. Crops

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the district and it is the main economic activity of the district. According to the 2011 census, agriculture provides full employment to 32.62 per cent of the total workers. There are 83,442 cultivators and 47,406 agricultural labours in the district. Rice is the major crop of the district which occupies 57 per cent and 43 per cent of cropped area during Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively. The other important crops of the district are wheat, rape & mustard, jute, black gram, green gram, sesame, sugar cane, Rabi & kharif vegetables, ginger, turmeric, coconut, areca nut, pineapple, banana, citrus etc. The details of land use pattern of the district are given in table 7. Table 5. Land use pattern of Bongaigaon District (Area in Hects.)

Sl. No. Particulars Area (in Ha) 1 Cultivable Area 71535 2 Net cropped area 67635 3 Gross cropped area 117685 4 Cultivable wast land 3900 5 Barren & uncultivable area 28226 6 Fallow land A. Current fallow 7780 B. Other than Current fallow 1439 7. Forest land 4201 8. Area shown more than once 23210 9. Area shown more than twice 6426 10. Mono cropped area 2820 11. Area under horticultural crop 14836 12. Area under irrigation 15375 13. Flood prone area 16885 19

14. Char area 20307 15. Land under misc. Trees (not included in net area) 1548 16. Cropping intensity 174% (Source: District Agriculture Office, Bongaigaon, Assam)

Table 6. Major crops & varieties in the Bongaigaon District

Major Crops Varieties 1. Rice (Sali) Ranjit, Mahsuri, Swarna Mahsuri,IR-36, Baismuthi, local varieties 2. Rice (Ahu) Local varieties, Luit, IR-36, Mala, Komal 3. Rice (Summer and early ahu) BR-8, BR-9, Joymoti, MTU 1001, IR-36, BR 29, Arize 6444 4. Rapeseed & Mustard M-27, TS-36 5. Sesamum Local varieties, AST-1 6. Black gram Local varieties, PU-19 7. Lentil Local varieties, B-77 8. Wheat Sonalika, Molla gom, local varieties 9. Jute JRC 212, JRC 321, JRO524, JRO 632 10. Potato Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Pokhraj, Desi alu,

Area, Production and Productivity of major crops cultivated in the district

Area, production and productivity of major crops cultivated in the Bongaigaon district during 2014-15 are shown in the Table 9.

Table7. Area, production and productivity of major crops in Assam during 2014-15

Sl. No. Crop Area (Hectares) Average yield (kg/ha) Production (MT) A. Rice 1 Autumn rice 5865 1370 7909 2. Winter rice 35299 1986 69061 3. Summer rice 11685 3335 38969 Total rice 52849 2220 115939 B. Pulses 1. Pea 420 1070 450 2. Greengram 431 594 256 3. Lentil 1535 902 1385 4. Gram 242 954 232 5. Arahar 161 1058 170 6. Blackgram 2090 599 1252 7. Other pulses 410 591 242 20

Total pulses 5289 754 3987 C. Maize and other cereals and millets 1. Maize 894 2906 2598 2. Other cereals 1083 566 612 and small millets Source: District Agriculture Office, Bongaigaon Table 8. Area under high yielding variety of Rice, 2013-14 (Area in Hect.)

District/State Autumn rice Winter rice Summer rice Total Bongaigaon 7033 21249 7333 35635 Assam 142931 1222482 223940 1589353 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014

Fertilizer consumption:

The fertilizer consumption in the district is higher (98.06 kg/ha) that the state (65.41 kg/ha). The consumption of N, P and K in the year 2013-14 was 5317.42, 1401.26 and 3619.28 tonnes respectively. Season wise (Kharif and Rabi) fertilizer consumption during 2013-14 in the district and the state is given in the Table 11.

Table 9. Season wise consumption of fertilizers, 2013-14 (in tonnes)

District/ Kharif Rabi State N P K Total N P K Total Bongaig 3062.6 634.46 15349.4 5232.07 2254.75 766.80 2084.34 5105.89 aon Assam 68405.54 18464.20 33319.30 120189.40 82845.15 23236.62 46759.05 15284082 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014

Irrigation:

A large portion of the area in Bongaigaon district is mainly rainfed as the district has been blessed with heavy rainfall during Kharif season. However, there is need and scope to improve irrigation facility as the crop suffers from moisture stress condition during rabi season due to uneven distribution rainfall. The net irrigated area of the district estimated during 2012-13 is 383 hectares whereas in 2013-14 (provisional) is 1143 hectares. Crop season wise area irrigated and crop and crop season wise area irrigated in the district as well as in the state is given in the table 12 and 13.

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Table.10. Crop season wise area irrigated (ha)

District/State Kharif Rabi & pre kharif Total

2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2012-13 2013-14 (P) 2012-13 2013-14 (P)

Bongaigaon 351 1143 216 933 567 2076 Assam 153377 159257 28368 27549 181745 186806 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014. P= Provisional

Table.11. Crop and crop season wise area irrigated in 2012-13 and 2013-14 (P)

Crop Area (Hectares) 2012-13 2013-14 (P) A. Kharif season 1. Sali (Traditional) 18 426 2. Sali HYV 333 552 3. Others - 165 Total (A) 351 1143 B. Rabi and pre-kharif 1. Early Ahu 93 286 2. Ahu HYV 64 352 3. Pulses - 13 4. Sugarcane 60 3. Oilseeds 6 4. Others 53 222 Total (B) 216 933 Grand total (A +B) 567 2067 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014. P= Provisional

Soil type

The soils of the district are mostly red, alluvial and mixed red. The soil texture is sandy loam to clay loam. Information on soil types are given in Table 13.

Table 12. Information on soil type

No Soil type Characteristics 1 Light gray Sandy loam to silly loam in texture 2 Red soil (Mixed) High in ‘Fe’ and ‘Al’ oxides. Fairly well drained soil 3 Sandy soil Light textured soil 4 Sandy loam Medium textured 5 Clay loam Heavy textured. Poor external as well as internal drainage

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Source: Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan, February, 2009, District Agriculture Office, Bongaigaon

Information on land use pattern in different soil types is listed in the Table 14.

Table.13. Information on land use pattern in different soil types in Bongaigaon District (Area in Ha)

No. Name of Light % Red soil % Sandy % Sandy % Clay % Block Grey Mixed) soil loam loam area area area area area

1 Manikpur 19626.6 70 8411.4 30 4766.46 17 17383.56 62 5887.98 21 2 Dangtol 15678.65 65 8442.35 35 2894.52 12 15919.86 66 5306.66 22 3 Boitamari 14688.8 61 9391.20 39 3852.8 16 15411.2 64 4816 20 4 Srijangram 14831.41 73 5485.59 27 3047.55 15 13409.22 66 3860.23 19 5 Tapattari 10316.88 72 4012.12 28 3099.09 21 9600.43 67 1719.18 12 Source: Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan, February, 2009, District Agriculture Office, Bongaigaon

b. Livestock

Information on livestock population

Livestock plays a pivotal role in the livelihood of the rural population. Important livestock of the district are cattle, goat, pig, sheep, poultry, ducks etc. Rearing of improved breed of livestock is not a common practice and majority of livestock species are indigenous and non descriptive type. Therefore, it is noticed that the productivity level of the livestock population often goes to sub optimum level which contributes to far below per capita availability of livestock produces as compared to the ICMR recommendation. This might be due to low genetic potential, improper utilization of available resources, non adoption of scientific rearing of livestock and lack of awareness about scientific advancement. The data on livestock and poultry population are listed in the Table 15 and 16.

Table 14. Estimated livestock and poultry population, 2013-14 (Sample survey)

Dist./State Indigenous Crossbreed Buffaloes Goats Fowls Ducks cattle cattle ducks Bongaigaon 341850 20592 12536 112813 521842 123624 Assam 8754988 483567 496062 3230577 11118230 4340883 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014

Table 15. Total livestock and poultry population as per 18th Livestock census 2007

District/State cattle buffaloes sheep goats horse pigs total fowls ducks and livestock ponies 23

Bongaigaon 24521 2660 30432 91589 5 6947 376846 467694 115075 3 Assam 10365 525835 360379 4376150 10953 2133 17772331 259310 131811 583 431 81 02 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014

There are 11 numbers veterinary dispensaries, 14 sub centres/First aid centres/SMC, 3 block veterinary dispensaries, 1 RAIC (Regional Artificial insemination Centre) in the district (Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014).

C. Fisheries

The district of Bongaigaon is endowed with fisheries resources in the form of ponds/tanks, beels, swamps, low-lying areas, derelict water bodies and a diverse network of river and rivulets. In addition to above an estimated network of 100 kms of riverine stretches including a part of the mighty river Brahmaputra can be considered for the exploitation of fisheries. The production of fish seed in the year 2013-14 in the district was 14.18 million nos. The production of fish in the year 2013-14 was 7147 tonnes as against 266700 tonnes in Assam (Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014). The district has 1 registered raw fish market. There is 1 government and 5 private hatcheries in the district. Details data on fishery sector in the district is given below: Table 16. Number and area under Fisheries, 2013-14

Sl. No. Particulars Numbers Area (Ha) 1. Beel fishery 47 4348 2. Ponds and Tanks 6786 990 3. Derelict Water Bodies/Swamps 70 1606 4. Forest Fisheries 2 51 Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2014

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CHAPTER III

CONSTRAINS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION a. Crops

Non availability of quality seeds, extreme weather events like drought, flood etc., imbalance use of inorganic fertilizers and high cost of production are some of the agricultural production constrains in the district. Productivity level of both high yielding and traditional varieties is gradually declining owing to poor knowledge on seed production technology. The crops are grown mostly as rainfed owing to which sowing and/or transplanting operation is often delayed when there is no rain. Moreover growing season of most kharif crops coincide with rainy season. Rain is often erratic, uncertain and unevenly distributed because of which there is water logging in the crop field during kharif season. Knowledge on water management practices and methods of scientific cultivation of crops is lacking among the farmers. Lack of proper marketing channels to get maximum profit to the farmers is a limiting factor in this direction. Proper water harvesting technology is only solution of moisture stress. Therefore proper water harvesting technology needs to be popularized among farming community to boost up crop production. Development and popularization of suitable integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated nutrient management (INM) practices needs to be taken up. b. Livestock

Non availability of green fodders and high cost of animal feeds are major constrains in livestock sector. Lack of knowledge of farmers on scientific rearing of animals is another production constrain. Sudden spread of diseases over a large areas affect poultry production. c. Fisheries

Improper utilization of natural resources, poor knowledge on scientific pisciculture, inadequate supply of quality seed, damage of breeding ground and non implementation of fishery law are some of the major constrains in the district.

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CHAPTER IV

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT

There are several institutions in the district devoted for the development of agriculture and related fields.

A. Crops a. Department of Agriculture

As a district unit Bongaigaon comprises three individual Agriculture Su-Divisions namely , Bongaigaon and North Sakmara with Head Quarters at the respective Sadar towns Bijni, Bongaigaon and Abhayapuri. The district Agriculture Office with its Head Quarter at Bongaigaon is functioning w.e.f. 18-12-1991. This department has a network of establishments in the district to cater to the needs of the farming community. b. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bongaigaon

The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bongaigaon is started functioning under the umbrella of Assam Agricultural University coordinated by the Zonal Coordinating Unit, Zone II Umium under Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The Kendra is situated at Abhayapuri, about 30 km away from the district Head Quarter.

Mandates

1. On farm testing to identify the location specificity of agricultural technologies under various farming systems.

2. Frontline demonstrations to establish its production potential in the farmers’ fields.

3. Training to farmers and extension personnels to update their knowledge and skills in modern agricultural technologies.

4. Work as resource and knowledge centre of agricultural technologies for supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for improving the agricultural economy of the district. 26

5. Produce and make available technological products like seed and planting material, bio agents, young ones of livestock etc to the farmers.

6. Organize extension activities to create awareness about improve agricultural technologies to facilitate fat diffusion and adoption of technologies in agriculture and allied sectors.

Programmes

Training programmes

Training programmes of various duration in agriculture and allied fields for farmers, farm women and rural youth are organized by the Kendra. Training programmes are conducted to meet the specific demands from individual farmer, farmers’ groups, voluntary organizations, development departments, etc.

Front Line Demonstration

Organizing Front Line Demonstrations on newly released technologies in the field of agriculture and allied sectors under farmers’ field conditions to generate production data and feedback information is one of the mandates of the Kendra.

On Farm Testing

On Farm Testing programmes aim at testing the new technologies or technologies which are in pipe line developed at research centres in the fields of crops, horticulture, animal husbandry and fisheries to ensure their suitability and sustainability to specific locations and to suggest or modify or refine the technology in real farm situations with the active participation of the farmers.

Farm Advisory Services

The Kendra organizes field visits as per the requirements of farmers to solve specific field problems.

Farmers Study Tours 27

The Kendra organizes study tours for farmers to various research centres and fields of progressive farmers for ‘seeing and studying’.

Farmer's visit to the Kendra

Farmers are encouraged to visit the Kendra in person to discuss and solve their specific field problems and to get hands-on knowledge on the latest technologies available in agriculture and allied fields.

Exhibitions, Kisan Melas, Camps, etc.

The KVK regularly participates in exhibitions organized by local and statutory bodies, depicting its various activities and providing on the spot consultancies to the visitors. The Kendra’s stalls have bagged many awards. Farmers and others visit the pavilions of the KVK and avail the facilities offered there, including supply of elite planting materials.

Other extension activities

The Kendra also organizes the following programmes:

1. Field days

2. Farmers day

3. Film shows

4. Farmers scientist interaction

5. Soil day

6. Publication of popular articles etc.

C. Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA)

Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) is a society of key stakeholders involved in agricultural activities for sustainable agriculture development in the district. It is a registered society responsible for technology dissemination at the district level. The ATMA at district level 28

would be increasingly responsible for all technology dissemination activities. It would have linkage with all the line departments, research organization, non-governmental organizations and agencies associated with agricultural development of the district.

1) To identify location specific needs of farming community for farming system based agricultural development. 2) To set up priorities for sustainable agricultural development with farming systems approach. 3) To draw plans for production based system activities to be undertaken by farmers/ultimate users. 4) To execute plans through line departments, training institutions, NGOs, farmers organizations and allied institutions. 5) To coordinate efforts being made by various line departments, NGOs, farmer's organizations and allied institutions to strengthen research extension-farmers linkages in the district and to promote collaboration and coordination between various State funded technical departments. 6) To facilitate the empowerment of farmers/producers yhrough assistance for mobilization, organization into associations, cooperatives etc. for their increased participation in planning, marketing, technology dissemination and agro-processing etc. 7) To facilitate market interventions for value addition to farm produce. d. Lead Bank The Lead Bank Scheme provides leadership in initiating, streamlining and accelerating the process of development of the respective district by enlisting the co-operation of other banks and by maintaining continuous liaison with Government and quasi Government agencies. The State Bank of India functions as the lead bank in the district. Address for communication State Bank of India, Lead Bank Office, Bongaigaon, Assam E-mail: [email protected] 29

Phone No. 9435020663 e. Other banking institutions All nationalised banks and other financial sectors in the district have special schemes for the promotion of agriculture and allied fields in the district. f. Farmers clubs and voluntary organizations There are several voluntary organizations and farmers groups very active in the district with the aim of overall development of the farming community. g. Polytechnic colleges and vocational higher secondary schools The district has one polytechnic college located at the foothills of Nakkati Hills at village Barshan Gaon in Bongaigaon district in covering an area of 271 Bighas land. One ITI college in the district who impart knowledge on vocational subjects and courses. B. LIVESTOCK a. Department of animal Husbandry Department of Animal husbandry is one of the major departments of with a given mandate to augment animal origin protein production in order to meet the challenge of protein hunger faced globally. The department in the district plays a vital role in socio economic development of the rural mass in particular and the state as a whole. The veterinary department provide services like vaccination, castration of scrub bulls, veterinary extension and education on development, cattle feed and livestock management. The District Rural Development Agency also plays vital role in identifying interested farmers and providing credit linked Government subsidy to procure dairy animals. The department has initiated the Artificial insemination programme with exotic germplasm. b. Farmer’s groups and organizations working in livestock sectors in the district Some farmers’ group and organizations are working in livestock sectors in the district. some of the details are given in the Table 19. Table 17. Farmers’ group and organizations are working in livestock sectors Sl. Farmer’s Location Area of Commodity Activities No. group/Organizations operation 30

1 Pig rearing society Chalantapara Bongaigaon, Pig Produce and Shillong sale 2. Nageswari Milk Bongaigaon Bongaigaon Milk Produce and Producer’s Associatio sale 3. Swarnadhenu Dugdha Chalantapara Bongaigaon Milk Produce and Utpadhak Cooperative sale Society

C. Department of fisheries

The Department of Fisheries is an important productive sector under the Government of Assam. The state fishery department has a mandate to increase fish and quality fish seed production, promote scientific fish farming, provide extension services to fish farmers, fisherman and fishery entrepreneurs with a vision to achieve self-sufficiency in fish production through sustainable fisheries management practices. The office of District Fisheries Development Officer was established on 2nd July 1993 and the FFDA (Fish Farmers Development Agency) was registered on 29th October 1993 which are extending necessary technical support and extension services to fishermen in the district. a. Farmer’s organizations working in fisheries Some farmers’ organizations are working in the district for development of fishery sections. The information of such organization in the district is as follows. 1. Self help group: Organized by farmers and NGO. 2. Primary Fish Co-operative Societies (PFCS): Organized by Department of Fishery. 3. Fisher Association, Tamranga beel, Ghilaguri, Bongaigaon. Name & Address of private Sector Eco Hatchery Owners:-  Md. Abu Bakkar Siddik (Functioning) Vill. & P.O.: Goraimari, Block: Manikpur Dev. Block  Md. Mokibul Hoque (Functioning) Vill.: Maulabipara, P.O.: Kokila, Block: Srijangram Dev. Block  Dwipen Rabha (Non-Functioning) Vill.: Kharboja, P.O.: Khagarpur, Block: Dangtal Dev. Block 31

 Samulya Das (Non-Functioning) Vill.: Kharija Dolaigaon, P.O.: Bongaigaon, Block: Dangtal Dev. Block  Saurab Pathak (Non-Functioning) Vill.: Bishnupur, P.O.: Ghilaguri, Block: Boitamari Dev. Block

Name & Address of Govt. Sector Eco-Hatchery:- a) Koyakujia Eco Tourism Park, Abhayapuri, North-Salmara

32

CHAPTER V

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS RELEVANT TO DISTRICT’S AGRICULTURE a. Crops

1. Coconut Development Board, Bongaigaon

Coconut Development Board is situated at Abhayapuri, Bongaigaon. It is a statutory body established under the Ministry of Agriculture, for the integrated development of coconut cultivation and industry in the country with focus on productivity increase and product diversification.

2. Seven Sisters Development Association (SeSTA)

Seven Sisters Development Association (SeSTA) is an evolving professionally managed development organization in North East India. Major objectives of SeSTA are:

1. To accelerate inclusive and sustainable growth in the NE India by improving agriculture and allied activities through providing techno managerial guidance.

2. To encourage, strengthen and improve traditional livelihood system in NE india by providing technical support in the field of Integrated Farming System (IFS), Sericulture (Muga, Mulberry,

Eri) activity, Handloom and handicrafts.

3. To promote and strengthen people’s institution in the field of microenterprises and small scale industries in the rural areas.

4. To promote and strengthen people’s institution that reinforces the positive forces of cooperation, transparency, equity, justice and citizenship. 33

5. To provide comprehensive set of rural development services by developing and promoting appropriate prototypes, designs and technologies related to development of rural communities, to test their application in the ground, and to act as resource centre on such matters. b. Livestock: Nil c. Fisheries: Nil

34

CHAPTER VI

PLANS AND SCHEMES FOR PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURE

Many organizations are related for promotion of agriculture and allied fields through development and implementations of some farmer oriented plans and schemes. The major plans and schemes of various institutions are briefly described below: a. Crops: Different on going schemes under Agricultural Department implementing in the Bongaigaon District, 2014-15 Table 18. Sl. No. Name of scheme 01 Rastriya Krishi Vikash Yojona (RKVY) 02 NAEP-III(National Agricultural Extension Programme) 03 Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture(MIDH) 04 National Mission for Oil and Oil Palm(NMOOP)a) Oilseed, b) Electric pump sets 05 Disaster Management (DM) 06 SCSP(Power tiller) and TSP scheme (Power tiller) 07 CM’s special Schemes a) Mukhya mantrir momai tamuli borbaruah krishak bandhu achani, b) CM’s special assistance to poor farmers @ 1000 nos. farmers per LAC 08 Kishan Credit Card(KCC) 09 Increasing Irrigation Potential (Centrifugal pump sets- Electric) 10 National Food Security Mission (NFSM) pulse and rice 11 Women Welfare as gender responsive budget 12 Agricultural technology Management Agency(ATMA) 13 Scheme of increasing grain and seeds storage capacity 14 APMG(Market linkage development with four wheeler mini truck)

Soil testing programme : the main objective of this programme is to distribute soil health card to the farmer in every 3 years on a basis to address nutrient deficiencies in fertilizer practices. 35

Besides this Govt. has organizes training for soil analysis, financial assistance for package of nutrient recommendation, capacity building and regular monitoring and evaluations done for the programme. Soil testing programmes are also being implemented through National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana(RKVY). There is a new schemes called Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana started in 2015-16. Joint Liability groups for landless labours were also implemented in the district. Prime Minister Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) whose main moto is to provide water to every farm. National Food Security Mission(NFSM) taking a major role in the district for promotion and implementation of different Govt. planes and schemes. Government sponsored schemes under NABARD : i) Commercial production units of organic inputs. ii) Rural godowns. iii) Agricultural Marketing and Infrastructural grading and standardizations. iv) Agriclimic an Agribusiness Centres Schemes. v) Solar Schemes. vi) Capital Investment subsidy Schemes. b. Livestock : Different types of Govt. schemes implemented under livestock departments are: i) Vaccination programme under ASCAD ii) Artificial Insemination under ALDA iii) Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Schemes

c. Fisheries : i) New pond construction ii) Development of derelict water bodies iii) Reclamation of institutional ponds and tanks

36

CHAPTER VII FARM MACHINERY SUITABLE TO THE DISTRICT Farm mechanization/ Farm equipments: In view of increasing shortage of food grains combined with management problems, farm mechanization appears to be the solution for increasing the production and productivity. Consolidation and promotes co-operative farming. Majority of the farmers in the district generally follow traditional methods of cultivation, hence, use of modern machineries and implements in the agricultural production sector is limited to a small As the majority of the farmers have small land holding, therefore, large scale mechanization with big machineries is difficult unless State Government takes up land portion of farmers. Poor economic condition often debars them from procuring costly agricultural machineries, although, inadequate information in respect of various government schemes and credit facilities are also some other determining factors. Information on most commonly used agricultural implements and machineries are indicated in Table19.

Name of Agricultural Implements and Farm Machinery the block Tractors Pump sets Power Sprayers Puddlers Weeders Threshe tillers r No. No. No. of No. No. No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of No. of Hous of Hous Hous Hous House House- e Hous e e e hold hold hold e hold hold hold hold Manikpur 120 9 2090 2090 100 15 290 290 150 20 195 195 15 1 Dangtol 130 10 2128 2128 150 16 388 388 60 19 191 191 10 2 Boitamari 105 8 2019 2019 160 17 497 497 140 15 221 221 15 1 Tapattari 130 12 3841 3841 160 18 504 504 65 27 211 21 10 2 1 Srijangram 140 10 1000 1000 170 20 486 486 130 33 217 217 10 1 Total 49 1107 86 216 11 1035 7 8 5 4 Source: Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan, February, 2009.

37

CHAPTER VIII

ANNEXURE

1. Telephone directory of important agriculture and related departments/ offices in Bongaigaon KVK, District

Official Telephone Directory of Bongaigaon District

STD CODE: 03664

Table 20.

NAME PLACE TELEPHONE TELEPHON FAX( FAX(R EMAIL (O) E(R) O) ) Deputy Commissioner Deputy Bongaiga 230889, 230891, 2313 23049 [email protected] Commission on 231171, 230490 38 0 er 223795 Sub-Divisinal North 284647 284659 2772 - [email protected] Office© Salmara 64 Sub-Divisinal Bijni 281439 281459 2814 - asbo- Office© 58 [email protected], District Court District & Bongaiga 231060 228045 - - - Sessions on Judge Zila Parishad Chairman Bongaiga 225111 272857 - - - on Chief Bongaiga 237012 237071 - - - Executive on Officer DRDA DRDA Bongaiga 230345,222 230011 - - - on 044 Superintendent of Police Superintend Bongaiga 230898 230892 2309 - sp- ent of Police on 96 bongaigaon@assampolic e.gov.in SDPO Abyapauri 281464 - - - - SDPO Bijni 284664 - - - - 38

SSB Bongaiga 230439 - - - - on C.I., Abhayapu 281877 281877 - - - Abhayapuri ri APRO Bongaiga 230967 - - - - on Majer Alga Bongaiga - - - - OutPost on Manikpur Bongaiga 264320 - - - - Police on Station Bongaigaon Bongaiga 220994 - - - - Police on Station Abhayapuri Bongaiga 281430 - - - - Police on Station Bongaiga 272820 - - - - Police on Station Salabila Bongaiga - - - - OutPost on Boitamari Bongaiga 266125 - - - - OutPost on Bidyapur Bongaiga - - - - OutPost on Fire Brigrade Bongaiga 231226,228 - - - - on 381 Noagaon Bongaiga - - - - OutPost on Police Bongaiga 230867 - - - - Reserve on FIRE Bongaiga 228381 - - - - BRIGADE on National Informatics Center NIC Bongaiga 225020 - - - [email protected] on Hospital CMO Bongaiga 228208 - - - - on HOSPITAL Bongaiga 230940, - - - - on 222239 ASEB 39

ASEB Bongaiga 230293,230 - - - - on ,294 Bongaigaon Municipality Bongaigaon Bongaiga 230450 - - - - Municipality on Other Govt Offices ASTC Bongaiga 222630 - - - - on POST OFFICE Bongaiga 222236 - - - - on TREASURY Bongaiga 230541 - - - - OFFICE on PWD(R) Bongaiga 230715 - - - - on DICC Bongaiga 222314 - - - - on PHE, Bongaiga 241261 - - - - BONGAIGAO on N DEVELOPME Bongaiga 221233 - - - - NT AUTHO on DISTRICT Bongaiga 236489 - - - - AGRICULTU on RE OFFICER ECO & Bongaiga 223178 - - - - STATISTICS on NYK Bongaiga 222208, - - - - on 223884 FCI Bongaiga 222224, - - - - on 230856 SHERISTADA Bongaiga 222682 - - - - R on Jt. Bongaiga 229076 222239 - - - DIRECTOR on HEALTH SERVICES ASSTT. Bongaiga 230849 - - - - COMMR SB on TELEVISION Bongaiga 230038 - - - - CENTRE on DFO, SF Bongaiga 241855, - - - - on 223889 CONSERVAT Bongaiga 230745 - - - - 40

OR OF on FOREST DTO,BONGA Bongaiga 230527 - - - - IGAON on TOWN & Bongaiga 228474 - - - - COUNTRY on PLANNING DVO Bongaiga 223199 - - - - on DFO, AIE Bongaiga 230918, - - - - VALLEY on 223259 PHE Bongaiga 241461 - - - - on PHC Bongaiga 220836, - - - - on 221269 Educational Institutes BIRJHORA Bongaiga 230250 - - - - GIRLS on I.T.I Bongaiga 222684 - - - - on BONGAIGAO Bongaiga 230310 - - - - N COLLEGE on B ED Bongaiga 223256 - - - - COLLEGE on CENTRAL Bongaiga 241264 - - - - SCHOOL on BONGAIGAO Bongaiga 241514 - - - - N ENGLISH on MEDIUM HS KANYA Bongaiga 230212 225869 - - - MAHAVIDYA on LAYA HS Bongaiga 230660 - - - - SCHOOL on BONGAIGAO Bongaiga 228997 - - - [email protected] N on POLYTECHNI C BIRJHORA Bongaiga 230719 225074 - - - HS SCHOOL on BIRJHORA Bongaiga 228808 230770 - - birscience@sancharnet. SC COLLEGE on in RAILWAY HS Bongaiga 230346 - - - - 41

on JAWAHAR Bongaiga 255130 - - - - NAVODAYA on VIDYALAYA Banks UNION Bongaiga 230258 2660637 2660 - - BANK OF on 066 INDIA APEX BANK Bongaiga 230299 - - - - on NABARD Bongaiga 223649 - - - - on LEAD BANK Bongaiga 223106 - - - - OFFICER on PUNJAB Bongaiga 230340 - - - - NATIONAL on BANK AGVB Bongaiga 222284 - - - - on BANK OF Bongaiga 237288 - - - - BARODA on UCO Bongaiga 230305 - - - - on CO- Bongaiga 230299 - - - - OPERATIVE on BANK OVERSEAS Bongaiga 230932 - - - - BANK on STATE BANK Bongaiga 230202,236 - - - - OF INDIA on 821 Reporter Sri Sujit Borpara, 943544311 - - - - Kumar Ray Bongaiga 0 Asomiya on Pratidin Sri Ranjit Borpara, 943502087 - - - - Sharma Bongaiga 6,97070296 Asomiya on 20 Pratidin Sri Pranab Kr Bongaiga 943524391 - - - - Deka on 1,97076164 Ajir Asom 12 Ajir Dainnik 42

Batory Sri Kunja Bongaiga 943551362 - - - - Mohan Ray on 6,98541594 Dainik 01 Agradot Sri Bongaiga 985415939 - - - - Prashanata on 7 Ray Dainik Janambhumi Sri Lakshmi Bongaiga 943502137 - - - - Sharma on 0 Hindi Sentinel Sri Bongaiga 943532990 - - - - Upananda on 2 Sharma Niyamiya Barta Sri Uttam Bongaiga 985904655 - - - - Barman on 0,84862480 Gana 50 Adhikar Sri Vikash Bongaiga 985496026 - - - - Sharma on 0 Dainik Purbadaya Sri Gopal Bongaiga 943502176 - - - - Harlalka on 3 Purbanchal Prahari Sri Manoj Bongaiga 943502238 - - - - Sharma on 0 Prato Khabar Sri Jyotirmay Bongaiga 848604447 - - - - Bhomik on 2 Dainik Yuva Sankhya Sri Tejesh Bongaiga 986419682 - - - - Tripathi on 1 Assam Tribune 43

Sri Prasanta Bongaiga 985900019 - - - - Ray on 0 Asomiya Khabor Sri Tarun 985455048 - - - - Barman 5 Jana Sadharan Syed Altaf Bongaiga 970714686 - - - - Ali on 2 U.B. Photos Sri Abhideep Bongaiga 995756836 - - - - Choudhary on 0 News Live Sri Dhiraj Bongaiga 985997116 - - - - on 9 DY 365 Sri Simanta Bongaiga 986437946 - - - - Roy on 0 Choudhary News Times Assam Sri Bhavesh Bongaiga 970744694 - - - - Sharma on 9 Prag News Sri Dharom Bongaiga 940168059 - - - - Ray on 6 Asomiya Pratidin