Measuring Urban Dynamics Through Public and Private Sector Concentration Patterns: the Case of Thessaly, Greece
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Verification of Vulnerable Zones Identified Under the Nitrate Directive \ and Sensitive Areas Identified Under the Urban Waste W
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) 1 1.2 THE NITRATES DIRECTIVE (91/676/EEC) 3 1.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4 2 THE OFFICIAL GREEK DESIGNATION PROCESS 9 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN GREECE 9 2.2 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF SENSITIVE AREAS 10 2.3 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF VULNERABLE ZONES 14 1 INTRODUCTION This report is a review of the areas designated as Sensitive Areas in conformity with the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and Vulnerable Zones in conformity with the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC in Greece. The review also includes suggestions for further areas that should be designated within the scope of these two Directives. Although the two Directives have different objectives, the areas designated as sensitive or vulnerable are reviewed simultaneously because of the similarities in the designation process. The investigations will focus upon: • Checking that those waters that should be identified according to either Directive have been; • in the case of the Nitrates Directive, assessing whether vulnerable zones have been designated correctly and comprehensively. The identification of vulnerable zones and sensitive areas in relation to the Nitrates Directive and Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive is carried out according to both common and specific criteria, as these are specified in the two Directives. 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) The Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater as well as biodegradable wastewater from certain industrial sectors. The designation of sensitive areas is required by the Directive since, depending on the sensitivity of the receptor, treatment of a different level is necessary prior to discharge. -
Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos -
Comparison of T1 FLAIR BLADE with and Without Parallel Imaging Against T1 Turbo Spin Echo in the MR Imaging of Lumbar Spine in the Sagittal Plane
Lavdas et al., J Radiat Res Imaging 2021; Journal of Radiation Research and 1(1):33-40. Imaging Research Article Comparison of T1 FLAIR BLADE with and without parallel imaging against T1 turbo spin echo in the MR imaging of lumbar spine in the sagittal plane Eleftherios Lavdas1,2, Eleonora Giankou3, Panos Papanikolaou4, Aleksandra Tsikrika5, Maria Papaioannou2, Violeta Roka6, Vasiliki Chatzigeorgiou3, Georgios Batsikas3, Spiros Kostopoulos7, Dimitrios Glotsos7, Athanasios Bakas1, Panayiotis Mavroidis8* 1University of West Attica, Department Abstract of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Greece Purpose: Spinal cord and nerves are best visualized by MRI, which is able to show structural and functional 2Animus Kyanoys Stavros, Department anomalies of the spine. The primary objective of this study is to identify advantages or disadvantages of of Radiology, Larissa, Greece the T1-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence with BLADE technique (T1W-FLAIR BLADE), with and without parallel imaging when compared with T1 Turbo Spin Echo (T1 TSE) sequence 3Department of Medical Imaging, IASO Thessalias Hospital, Larissa, Greece when performing MRI examination of the lumbar spine in a sagittal view. 4Long School of Medicine, University Methods: L-spine examinations with T1W-FLAIR BLADE (with and without parallel imaging) and T1 TSE of Texas Health at San Antonio, San were acquired on 44 patients using a 1.5T scanner. These sequences were assessed by two radiologists Antonio, TX, USA a) quantitatively by comparing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and relative contrast (ReCon) measurements and b) qualitatively based on different features of the images such as 5 Department of Radiology, University cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nulling. -
Applying the Inqua Scale to the Sofades 1954, Central Greece, Earthquake
Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας τομ. ΧΧΧΧ, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece vol. XXXX, 2007 2007 Proceedings of the 11th International Congress, Athens, May, Πρακτικά 11ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου, Αθήνα, Μάιος 2007 2007 APPLYING THE INQUA SCALE TO THE SOFADES 1954, CENTRAL GREECE, EARTHQUAKE Papathanassiou G.1, Valkaniotis S.1,2, and Pavlides S.1 1 Aristotle University of Thes Saloniki, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geology, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 National Observatory of Athens, Geodynamic Institute Abstract Macroseismic intensity scales are used in order to measure the size of an earth quake using the impact of the ground shaking on humans, man made environment and nature. The INQUA scale is a new scale based solely on the earthquake-induced ground deformations, proposed by the INQUA Subcommission on Paleoseismicity. This scale is applied to the Sofades 1954 earthquake in order to test its accuracy and reliability. From the comparison among the evaluated intensities based on MM scale with the degrees of INQUA intensity at several locations, we conclude that, in case of earthquakes which triggered remarkable geological effects, these intensity values are about the same. Nonetheless, the use of INQUA scale is suggested in combination with the existing ones, as an assessing tool of the intensity based only on geological effects Key words: Intensity, Earthquake, INQUA, Greece. Περίληψη Οι μακροσκοπικές κλίμακες έντασης ενός σεισμού έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για την εκτί μηση του μεγέθους του, βασιζόμενες στην καταγραφή της επίδρασης την εδαφικής κί νησης στην συμπεριφορά του ανθρώπου και τις μεταβολές που προκαλούνται στο φυ σικό και τεχνητό περιβάλλον. -
Greece RAXEN National Focal Point Thematic Study Housing Conditions
Greece RAXEN National Focal Point Thematic Study Housing Conditions of Roma and Travellers March 2009 Miltos Pavlou (ed.) Authors: Miltos Pavlou, Kalliopi Lykovardi Interviews by: Dimitris Hormovitis, Ioanna Prokopi, Miltos Pavlou English editor: Maja Zilih DISCLAIMER: This study has been commissioned as background material for a comparative report on housing conditions of Roma and Travellers in EU Member States by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views or the official position of the FRA. The study is made publicly available for information purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or legal opinion. RAXEN Thematic Study - Housing Conditions of Roma and Travellers - Greece Contents CONTENTS................................................................................... 2 Executive summary ........................................................................................................4 1. Desk Research......................................................................................................9 1.1. Legal and policy framework..........................................................9 1.1.1. The right to adequate housing in national legislation ...........9 1.1.2. Specific protection of Roma and Travellers rights in national legislation............................................................................14 1.1.3. Legislative or administrative decisions regarding ‘ethnic’ data collection on housing ..................................................15 -
Êåíôñï Ðåñéâáëëïíôéêçó Åêðáéäåõóçó Åëáóóïíáó
ÊÅÍÔÑÏÊÅÍÔÑÏ ÐÅÑÉÂÁËËÏÍÔÉÊÇÓÐÅÑÉÂÁËËÏÍÔÉÊÇÓ ÅÊÐÁÉÄÅÕÓÇÓÅÊÐÁÉÄÅÕÓÇÓ ÅËÁÓÓÏÍÁÓÅËÁÓÓÏÍÁÓ ISBN: 978-960-99999-0-8 © Copyright 2011 ÊÝíôñï ÐåñéâáëëïíôéêÞò Åêðáßäåõóçò (Ê.Ð.Å.) Åëáóóüíáò Âëá÷ïäÞìïõ 1, 40200 Åëáóóüíá E-mail: [email protected] | [email protected] Éóôïóåëßäá: http://thess.pde.sch.gr/kpe Ôçë.: 24930 29571 FAX: 24930 29570 ÅÐÉÌÅËÅÉÁ ÅÊÄÏÓÇÓ ÁíáãíùóôÜêçò Óðõñßäùí Õðåýèõíïò ÊÐÅ ÃêáíÜôóéïò ÁíäñÝáò ÁíáðëçñùôÞò Õðåýèõíïò ÊÐÅ Óðáíüò Êùíóôáíôßíïò ÌÝëïò ÐáéäáãùãéêÞò ÏìÜäáò ÊÐÅ ÓÕÃÃÑÁÖÉÊÇ ÏÌÁÄÁ ÁíáãíùóôÜêçò Óðõñßäùí, Ãêáßôëé÷ Ìáñôßíïò, ÃêáíÜôóéïò ÁíäñÝáò ÆÜãêáò Èåüäùñïò , ÌçíÜò Èåüäùñïò, Ìðßóìðáò Êùíóôáíôßíïò ÑÜðôçò ÄçìÞôñéïò, ÑÜðôïõ Åõáããåëßá, ÓáìáñÜ ÖáíÞ Óá÷éíßäçò Êùíóôáíôßíïò, Óðáíüò Êùíóôáíôßíïò, ÓõíåöÜêçò Ãéþñãïò Öùôïãñáößåò © Copyright 2011 ÊÐÅ Åëáóóüíáò Áðáãïñåýåôáé ç áðïèÞêåõóç Þ áíáðáñáãùãÞ Þ áíáôýðùóçò ìÝñïõò Þ ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôùí öùôïãñáöéþí êáé ôùí êåéìÝíùí óå ïðïéáäÞðïôå ìïñöÞ êáé ìå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ìÝóï, ÷ùñßò Ýããñáöç Üäåéá ôïõ ÊÝíôñïõ ÐåñéâáëëïíôéêÞò Åêðáßäåõóçò Åëáóóüíáò. Ôï ðáñüí âéâëßï äå äéáôßèåôáé ðñïò ðþëçóç. Ôï ðáñüí åêðïíÞèçêå óôï ðëáßóéï ôçò ÐñÜîçò «ÊÝíôñá Åêðáßäåõóçò ãéá ôï ÐåñéâÜëëïí êáé ôçí Áåéöïñßá - ÄñÜóåéò ãéá ôïõò ìáèçôÝò» ôïõ Åðé÷åéñçóéáêïý ÐñïãñÜììáôïò «Åêðáßäåõóç êáé Äéá Âßïõ ÌÜèçóç», ìå ôç óõã÷ñçìáôïäüôçóç ôçò ÅõñùðáúêÞò ¸íùóçò (Åõñùðáúêü Êïéíùíéêü Ôáìåßï) êáé Åèíéêþí Ðüñùí». ÊÅÍÔÑÏ ÐÅÑÉÂÁËËÏÍÔÉÊÇÓ ÅÊÐÁÉÄÅÕÓÇÓ ÅËÁÓÓÏÍÁÓ ÐÑÁÊÔÉÊÁ ÓÅÌÉÍÁÑÉÙÍ ÖÅÂÑÏÕÁÑÉÏÓ 2011 - ÌÁÚÏÓ 2011 ÅËÁÓÓÏÍÁ ÉÏÕËÉÏÓ 2011 Ðåñéå÷üìåíá ×áéñåôéóìüò ÄçìÜñ÷ïõ Åëáóóüíáò........................................................................................9 -
The Emigration of Muslims from the Greek State in the 19Th Century
BALCANICA POSNANIENSIA XXVII Poznań 2020 THE EMIGRATION OF MUSLIMS FROM THE GREEK STATE 1 IN THE 19TH CENTURy. AN OUTLINE kr z y s z t o f Po P e k Abstract. Modern Greek statehood began to take shape with the War of Independence that broke out in 1821 and continued with varying intensity for the next years. As a result of these events, the Greeks cast of the foreign rule, which for many not only meant separation from the Ottoman Empire, but also the expulsion of Muslims living in these lands. During the uprising, about 25 000 Muslims lost their lives, and a similar number emigrated from the territory of the future Greek state. The next great exodus of Muslims from Greek lands was related to the an- nexation of Thessaly by the Hellenic Kingdom, which was to a larger extent spread over time. Since the region was incorporated into Greece until the beginning of the 20th century, the 40 000-strong Islamic community had virtually disappeared. Author: Krzysztof Popek, Jagiellonian University, Faculty of History, World Contemporary History Department, Gołębia st. 13, 31-007 Cracow, Poland, [email protected], OrciD iD: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864- 5264 Keywords: Greece, 19th century, Muslim minority, migrations, Thessaly, Greek War of Independence Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia, XXVII, Poznań 2020, Wydawnictwo Wydziału Historii UAM, pp. 97– 122, ISBN 978-83-66355-54-5, ISSN 0239-4278. English text with summaries in English and Polish. doi.org/10.14746/bp.2020.27.7 INTRODUCTION Although Greece itself does not want to be treated as one of the Balkan countries, the Greek experience of the period of building its own nation-statehood is character- istic of this region. -
Greece I.H.T
Greece I.H.T. Heliports: 2 (1999 est.) GREECE Visa: Greece is a signatory of the 1995 Schengen Agreement Duty Free: goods permitted: 800 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 100 cigarillos or 250g of tobacco, 1 litre of alcoholic beverage over 22% or 2 litres of wine and liquers, 50g of perfume and 250ml of eau de toilet. Health: a yellow ever vaccination certificate is required from all travellers over 6 months of age coming from infected areas. HOTELS●MOTELS●INNS ACHARAVI KERKYRA BEIS BEACH HOTEL 491 00 Acharavi Kerkyra ACHARAVI KERKYRA GREECE TEL: (0663) 63913 (0663) 63991 CENTURY RESORT 491 00 Acharavi Kerkyra ACHARAVI KERKYRA GREECE TEL: (0663) 63401-4 (0663) 63405 GELINA VILLAGE 491 00 Acharavi Kerkyra ACHARAVI KERKYRA GREECE TEL: (0663) 64000-7 (0663) 63893 [email protected] IONIAN PRINCESS CLUB-HOTEL 491 00 Acharavi Kerkyra ACHARAVI KERKYRA GREECE TEL: (0663) 63110 (0663) 63111 ADAMAS MILOS CHRONIS HOTEL BUNGALOWS 848 00 Adamas Milos ADAMAS MILOS GREECE TEL: (0287) 22226, 23123 (0287) 22900 POPI'S HOTEL 848 01 Adamas, on the beach Milos ADAMAS MILOS GREECE TEL: (0287) 22286-7, 22397 (0287) 22396 SANTA MARIA VILLAGE 848 01 Adamas Milos ADAMAS MILOS GREECE TEL: (0287) 22015 (0287) 22880 Country Dialling Code (Tel/Fax): ++30 VAMVOUNIS APARTMENTS 848 01 Adamas Milos ADAMAS MILOS GREECE Greek National Tourism Organisation: Odos Amerikis 2b, 105 64 Athens Tel: TEL: (0287) 23195 (0287) 23398 (1)-322-3111 Fax: (1)-322-2841 E-mail: [email protected] Website: AEGIALI www.araianet.gr LAKKI PENSION 840 08 Aegiali, on the beach Amorgos AEGIALI AMORGOS Capital: Athens Time GMT + 2 GREECE TEL: (0285) 73244 (0285) 73244 Background: Greece achieved its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. -
Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece
water Review Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece V. A. Tzanakakis 1,2,*, A. N. Angelakis 3,4 , N. V. Paranychianakis 5, Y. G. Dialynas 6 and G. Tchobanoglous 7 1 Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Soil and Water Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Iraklion, 71410 Crete, Greece 3 HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece 4 Union of Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprises, 41222 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] 5 School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece; [email protected] 6 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; [email protected] 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 16 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand. -
“International Handbook on Green Local Fiscal Policy Models”
“International handbook on green local fiscal policy models” LOCAL Policies for GREEN Energy – LOCAL4GREEN 1 Meritxell Bennasar Casasa Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Background. Description Local Policies for Green Energy Project 1.2. About this document: main objectives and characteristics of this manual 1.3. Target Groups: Local authorities Consultants specializing in public management Decision makers of national and regional authorities Other interested parties in the promotion of renewable energy sources 1.4. Partners 2. Description of the 9 Mediterranean countries 2.1. Albania Lezha Vau i Dejës Kukës 2.2. Croatia Brdovec Jastrebarsko Klanjec Dugo Selo Pregrada 2.3. Cyprus Lakatamia Nicosia Aradippou 2.4. Greece Amariou Edessa Farsala Kozani Lagadas Leros Malevizi Milos Pilea-Hortiatis Platania Sithonia Tanagra Thermi Volvi 2.5. Italy 2 2.6. Malta San Lawrenz Sannat Kercem 2.7. Portugal Albufeira Alcoutim Aljezur Castro Marim Faro Lagoa Lagos Loulé Monchique Olhão Portimão São Brás de Alportel Silves Tavira Vila do Bispo Vila Real de Santo António 2.8. Slovenia Grosuplje Ivančna Gorica Kamnik Kočevje Kranj Križevci Lenart Trebnje 2.9. Spain Dolores Muro d’Alcoi Pedreguer Alfàs del Pi Altea Callosa d’en Sarrià Almussafes Godella Quart de Poblet Alaquàs Xeresa 3. Comparative study of national regulations 3.1. Albania 3.1.1. Albanian Tax System 3.1.2. Description of Fiscal Policies of Pilot Municipalities 3.2. Croatia 3.2.1. Croatian Tax Sytem 3.2.2. Description of Fiscal Policies of Pilot Municipalities 3.3. Cyprus 3.3.1. Cypriot Tax Sytem 3 3.3.2. Description of Fiscal Policies of Pilot Municipalities 3.4. -
Greece Page 1 of 17
Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Greece Page 1 of 17 Greece Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007 Greece is a constitutional republic and multiparty parliamentary democracy, with an estimated population of 11 million. In March 2004 the New Democracy Party won the majority of seats in the unicameral Vouli (parliament) in free and fair elections, and Konstantinos Karamanlis became the prime minister. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces. The government generally respected the human rights of its citizens; however, there were problems in several areas. The following human rights abuses were reported: abuse by security forces, particularly of illegal immigrants and Roma; overcrowding and harsh conditions in some prisons; detention of undocumented migrants in squalid conditions; limits on the ability of ethnic minorities to self-identify; restrictions on freedom of speech; restrictions and administrative obstacles faced by members of non-Orthodox religions; detention and deportation of unaccompanied or separated immigrant minors, including asylum seekers; domestic violence against women; trafficking in persons; discrimination against ethnic minorities and Roma; substandard living conditions for Roma; inadequate access to schools for Romani children; and child exploitation in nontraditional labor. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no reports that the government or its agents committed any politically motivated killings; however, in September there were reports that coast guard authorities threw detained illegal migrants overboard and six of them drowned. -
Structural Damage Prediction Under Seismic Sequence Using Neural Networks
COMPDYN 2021 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering M. Papadrakakis, M. Fragiadakis (eds.) Streamed from Athens, Greece, 27—30 June 2021 STRUCTURAL DAMAGE PREDICTION UNDER SEISMIC SEQUENCE USING NEURAL NETWORKS Petros C. Lazaridis1, Ioannis E. Kavvadias1, Konstantinos Demertzis 1, Lazaros Iliadis1, Antonios Papaleonidas1, Lazaros K. Vasiliadis1, Anaxagoras Elenas1 1Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Campus of Kimmeria, 67100 Xanthi, Greece e-mail: fpetrlaza1@civil, ikavvadi@civil, kdemertz@fmenr, liliadis@civil, papaleon@civil, lvasilia@civil, [email protected] Keywords: Seismic Sequence, Neural Networks, Repeated Earthquakes, Structural Damage Prediction, Artificial Intelligence, Intensity Measures Abstract. Advanced machine learning algorithms, such as neural networks, have the potential to be successfully applied to many areas of system modelling. Several studies have been al- ready conducted on forecasting structural damage due to individual earthquakes, ignoring the influence of seismic sequences, using neural networks. In the present study, an ensemble neural network approach is applied to predict the final structural damage of an 8-storey reinforced concrete frame under real and artificial ground motion sequences. Successive earthquakes con- sisted of two seismic events are utilised. We considered 16 well-known ground motion intensity measures and the structural damage that occurred by the first earthquake as the features of the machine-learning problem, while the final structural damage was the target. After the first seismic events and after the seismic sequences, both actual values of damage indices are calcu- lated through nonlinear time history analysis. The machine-learning model is trained using the dataset generated from artificial sequences.