Chapter 3. Housing and Housing Characteristics

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

60000 Distribution of households Type of households in 2003 in 2003 by LGA 50000 Fifty percent of all normal households were identified as extended family households, 32% nuclear families 40000 and the remaining 18% composite. Normal house- 30000 holds are those not considered institutional house- 20000 holds such as hospitals, boarding schools, main

prison, army barracks, etc. The nuclear family category No. of households 10000 is most common in major urban centers ( and 0 ) where it constitutes more than 30% of all l r u g a o n h e j n k a u e s i m a r households. n if n w t s a a o u a n k e n b B a i k r u B r a e n K K B s K ja n n a a M J

Kilometers 0306015 4

Type of households in 2003

12,000 Households

Nuclear Family

Extended Family

Composite Family

Population data: Population and Housing Census 2003 District boundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001. 24

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Average Household Size in 2003 Average household size in 2003 Average household size in 2003 for The Gambia 11.1 10.6 was 8.5 persons per household. In general house- 9.5 hold size is smaller in urban areas than in rural 8.6 8.6 areas. Districts in Eastern Gambia (Upper River 6.6 5.1 and Central River Divisions) have larger house- holds than the rest of the country.

l o r u g a n h j n k a u e i m a r n f n w t a i a o u n k e n B i k r b a r a u n e K K B s K ja n n a a M J

Kilometers 4 0306015 Average household size in 2003 Districts with largest and smallest average household size in 2003 *National ave = 8.5 persons per household Household Household 15 - 18.9 10.0 - 15 District size District size 8.6 - 10.0 Kantora 19 7 6.0 - 8.5 less than 6.0 Wuli 15 Kanifing 7 Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 District bundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department Sandu 15 Banjul North 5 of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001. Fuladu East 13 Banjul South 5 Upper 12 Banjul Central 5 25

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Change in household size, 1993 to 2003 Between 1993 and 2003, rapid rural-urban migration and the disproportionately higher number of small nuclear families in urban centers have generally driven down the national average household size from 9.3 to 8.9 persons. Higher than average proportion of extended family house- holds in rural districts particularly in Upper River and Central River Divisions, have resulted in generally larger average household sizes.

4 Kilometers 0306015 Percentage change in household size from 1993 to 2003. Negative value denotes decrease in household size District that experienced the greatest increase or decrease * National rate = -4.5% (negative values) in average household size between 1993 to 2003 11.9 - 16.0 District Percentage District Percentage 7.8 - 11.8 0.1 - 7.7 Kombo North 127 -12 -2.4 - 0.0 71 -11 -6.7 - -2.5* Kanifing 58 Banjul South -7 -9.0 - -6.8 54 -6 Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 43 Banjul North -4 District bundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department of State for Local Government and Lands 2001 26

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Percentage of female-headed Female-headed households in 2003 households in 2003 One in five households in The Gambia is headed by a 25.0 24.4 24.5

female. Overall, Upper River and Central River 19.2 Divisions have smaller percentage of households 18.3 headed by females than the rest of the country. 12.8 14.0 Female-headed households are more prevalent in 11.5 and Mansakonko LGAs where migration among males to the urban centers and overseas is high.

l g a o n r h e ju u in k a e s f m n a r i a w t an o n u as n k e b B a i k r u B r a e n K K B s K ja n n a a M J

Kilometers 4 0306015

Districts with highest and lowest percentage of female- Percentage of female-headed households headed households in 2003. *National total = 20% District % District % greater than 22% 20 - 22 Jarra West 27.0 8.0 15 - 20* 10 - 15 Banjul South 26.9 Sandu 8.3 less than 10% Banjul Central 25.9 Wuli 8.8 Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 25.2 9.7 District bundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001. 24.4 10.0 27

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Percentage of households with Access to safe water supply in 2003 access to safe water in 2003 100 Seventy-six percent of households in 2003 have 86 83 81 81 access to a safe water source. Safe water sources 68 71 include piped water or closed concrete lined wells. 60 Districts in Kombo have the lowest proportion of their households with access to safe water supply. Many households in Kombo get their water from

hand-dug wells in individual compounds. These wells l ju g a o in k n r n f m a h are often shallow and in close proximity to toilets and a i a n u e e B n k o w a r s a i k e t u s r a r n K B u b a other domestic waste. s e n B n K K a a j n M a J

Sources of drinking Kilometers water in 2003 0306015 4

Well in Compound Proportion of households with access to 13.8% safe water supply. *National total = 76% Public well greater than 95% with Pump 18.5% 85 - 95 Public 76 - 85 Standpipe 31.5% 66 - 76* Public well 45 - 66 without Pump 8.6% less than 45% Stream or River Compound 0.1% Standpipe Other 1.3% Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 26.0% District boundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department Not Stated 0.3% of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001. 30

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

78.5 Percentage of households with acess Access to safe toilet facilities to Safe Toilet Facility in 2003 in 2003 In 2003, only one in five households in The Gambia 5.8 had access to safe toilet facilities. As expected, Banjul has the highest number of households with 4.4 9.9 8.1 access to safe toilet facilities (79%). Outside Banjul 37.9 11.0 3.7 and Kanifing, less than nine percent of the households have access to safe toilet facilities. Only r ul g a o h e j n k an u e s 16% of all households have access to Water Closet fi a r an am on as k ew nt bu B ani i k r u B r a e (W.C.) with over 78% using Pit latrines. K K B s K jan n an a M J

Types of toilet facilities Kilometers in 2003 0306015 4 Ventilated Improved Public Pit 5% Pit 9% Percentage of households with Bush/Open 4% safe toilet facility in 2003 Not Sated 1% *National rate = 20% greater than 50% Private Pit 20 - 50 60% 10 - 20* W.C 16% 5 - 10 less than 5%

Private Pan 1% Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 District bundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department Public latrine 4% of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001.

31

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Percentage of households using Proportion of households using firewood Fuelwood as main cooking fuel in 2003 as main cooking fuel in 2003 95 97 95 90 91 93 Eighty-three percent of all households reported using firewood as main cooking fuel. Other cooking fuels include 69 charcoal (4.5%); Liquefied Propane Gas, LPG (4%) and 43 electricity (0.1%, although the later is used in relatively very small quantity. Firewood is dominant fuel in all areas including Banjul where about 50 percent of households still l u g a j n o n r h use it as cooking fuel. n i m k a u e if n e s a a w ta r n k o u s B a i k e n a r r u b K a e n B B s K n K ja n a Ma J

Cooking Fuel in 2003 Kilometers 0306015 ¬

Kerosene 0.2% Proportion of households using fuelwood as main cooking fuel Briquet 0.1% *National total = 83% Charcoal 4.5% Greater than 95% Liquified Propane 90 - 95% Firewood Gas 4% 83% Electricity/Solar 75 - 90%* 0.1% 50 - 75% Saw Dust 0.5 % Not Stated 8% Less than 50%

Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 District boundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001. 32

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Main source of light in 2003 Main source of light is an important indicator in assessing quality of housing and welfare of households. More affluent population tend to use electricity for main light than other sources. Forty-seven percent of all households use candle as main source of light in the Gambia followed by electricity (26%) and kerosene lamps (24%). Other sources of light include solar, less than one tenth of one percent and firewood two-tenths of a percent. Thirty-two percent of households using firewood as main source of light reside in .

Main source of light in 2003 KeroseneMain sourceswith of light in 2003 4 glass shade 17.9% 18,000 households Priavate Kilometers 0306015 generators 1.4% Other kerosene lamp 5.7% Candle NAWEC Electricity Private Electricity Electricity Kerosene with shade lamp NAWEC 26% Kerosene with other types of lamp Candle 47.1% Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 District boundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department Not Sated 0.1% of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001. Firewood 0.2% Solar 1.1% 33

CHAPTER 3: HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

Percentage of households using Electricity as main source of light in 2003 electricity as main source 76 of light in 2003 Nationwide, about twenty-nine percent of households, used 59 electricity as main source of light in 2003. Banjul has the high- est proportion of households with electricity as the main

source of light (76%) and Kanifing (59%). Outside Banjul and 15 12 9 9 8 Kanifing, only 11% of households use electricity for lighting. 2 Kuntaur LGA, with only 2% of households using electricity as l r u g a o n h e j n k a u e s main source of light had the lowest proportion of electricity i m a r s n if n w t a a o u a n k e n b B a i k r u B r a e n users. K K B s K ja n n a a M J

Distribnution of households using electricity as main source of light Kilometers ® 0306015 Percentage of households using electricity as main source of light in 2003 Brikama 13.8% National total = 29%

Mansakonko 2% 51 - 78% Kanifing 26 - 50% 66% Kerewan 3% 10 - 25% Kuntaur 0.2% 2% 5 - 10% 1% Less than 5%

Banjul 12% Population data: The Gambia Population and Housing Census 2003 District boundary data: The Gambia 50000 dataset. Department of State for Local Government and Lands, 2001. 34