Ovonic Cognitive WITH THEIR EFFORTS STARTING IN THE OCC’S LICENSE PROVIDES ACCESS TO OCC RIGHTS RELATE TO THE CRUCIAL 1950’S, STAN AND HIS OCC TEAM ARE TECHNOLOGY THAT IS THE KEY TO COMPONENTS (SWITCHES) TO CREATE Computer, Inc. THE TRUE PIONEERS OF AI (ARTIFICIAL “REAL” NOT “SIMULATED” AI AI

INTELLIGENCE) TECHNOLOGY OCC OFFERS THE VITAL PIECE TO 3D XPoint is Ovonic Threshold and Memory OCC has rights to all Ovonyx patents – the “magic” behind 3D XPoint, as related to COMMERCIALIZING YOUR AI 1955 ‐ Stan Ovshinsky develops his ideas for cognition in a Switches connected in series. paper presented at Wayne State University Medical applications. TECHNOLOGY School entitled “Nerve Impulse” Today’s Ovonic , Inc. (“OCC”) was 1959 ‐ Stan develops a switch using TaOx electrolyte called the cognitive founded in 2002 by Stan Ovshinsky to Ovitron computers commercialize a revolutionary 1961 ‐ Stan begins developing a solid‐state switch to perform emulate new approach to cognitive similarly models of computing or 1962 ‐ Stan patents Metal Oxide RRAM devices weighted that he and his team had been 1963 ‐ Exhaustive study of the switching properties of materials inputs and fixed thresholds to achieve simple developing for decades. is undertaken pattern recognition. OCC is licensed to use all Ovonyx, Inc. and 1964 ‐ Chalcogenide alloys are employed, exhibiting both OTS/PCM ECD 1970 Ovshinsky recognized that repetitive pulsing Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. developed threshold and memory switching is an inherent part of cognition in neurons. patents (which are currently controlled by 1970 ‐ Series connected threshold and memory switches make Neurons exhibit fatigue Micron), as related to chalcogenide switching a radiation hard memory due to depletion when devices used for cognitive computing 1986 ‐ Monolithic integration of threshold and memory repeatedly pulsed. applications. switches make a 3D memory Neurons trigger on a Cognitive elements are assembled from 1990 ‐ Ge2Sb2Te5 is employed to make high performance threshold memory Ovonic Memory Switches used as analog accumulation of inputs weighting elements for inputs and 1996 ‐ PCM scalability is demonstrated but are very sensitive to pulse repetition. This thresholding outputs. 1999 ‐ Ovonyx is formed to commercialize PCM adds another dimension to their ability to 3D integration 1987 interpret data. Ovonic Threshold Switches are used for high 2001 ‐ Boil Pashmakov characterizes new ‘cognitive’ behavior in current drive, and as three terminal logic and PCM The complex behavior of chalcogenide alloy isolation devices. 2002 ‐ Ovonic Cognitive Computer is formed to develop switching devices offers the opportunity to Cognitive Chalcogenide Computers Optical behavior of chalcogenide alloys is more closely employed for electrical to optical signal 2008 ‐ Numonyx is formed and produces the first 4f2 3D mimic the nonvolatile memory array transmission. behavior of a 2014 ‐ Cognitive computer emulation becomes viable using neuron using and Micron are currently manufacturing TerraFLOP GPU computers nanosecond and selling 3D XPoint memory using this 2015 ‐ Intel/Micron announce 3DXpoint, a high performance scale speeds. technology. nonvolatile chalcogenide memory This could “Chalcogenide material and an Ovonyx switch are magic 2016 to Present ‐ Ovonic Cognitive Computer continues their permit much larger network sizes that can be parts of this technology with the original work starting chalcogenide development work trained and operated 1000 times faster than back in the 1960’s” ‐ Guy Blalock, co‐CEO of IM Flash at GPU emulation. ISS‐2016 (January 12, 2016) AI IS ADVANCING WITH OCC‐LICENSED OCC’S LICENSED PATENT PORTFOLIO OCC LICENSE INCLUDES ATTRACTIVE OCC IS SEEKING PARTNERS, INVESTORS TECHNOLOGY AS THE CORE ALSO INCLUDES ACCESS TO TERMS OR AN ACQUIRER INTERESTED IN COMPONENT SIGNIFICANT OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY EXPLOITING ITS AI AND OPTICAL IP RIGHTS POSITIONS 3 TERMINAL OTS OCC’S LICENSE TO A LARGE PORTFOLIO OF

PATENTS IS FUNDAMENTAL TO AI TECHNOLOGY OCC IS SEEKING PARTNERS, INVESTORS Electro‐Optical Devices DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION. OR AN ACQUIRER INTERESTED IN A major limitation of current CMOS UTILIZING ITS EXPERTISE AND STRONG IP technology is its limited current drive. IP summary and License Summary: POSITION FOR COGNITIVE OR OPTICAL Chalcogenide OTS devices can drive current o Over 300 patents are licensed by OCC, densities 50X greater than silicon. APPLICATIONS OF CHALCOGENIDE involving all aspects of chalcogenide alloy deposition and use for cognitive SWITCHING DEVICES. computing and optical signal switching.

This IP is essential part of the technology

behind 3D XPoint.

Ovonic Cognitive

COGNITIVE DEVICE o Specifically, OCC has the rights to use this Computer, Inc. Nonlinear optical effects can allow optical technology for all cognitive computing switching of signals permitting coupling of applications (but not for commodity electrical and optical signals on the same memory) at attractive royalty rates. substrate. Contact:

Greg Coppola o OCC also has a royalty‐free license to use Senior Vice President & Chief Financial chalcogenide devices for electro‐optical Officer and waveguide applications. (734) 968‐5434 (cell) [email protected]

www.ovoniccognitivecomputer.com

U.S. Patents: 8111546, 7596016, 7447404