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Morphological Study of Loganiaceae Diversities in West Africa
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.3, No.10, 2013 Morphological Study of Loganiaceae Diversities in West Africa Olusola Thomas Oduoye 1*, Oluwatoyin T. Ogundipe 2. and James D. Olowokudejo 2. 1National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), PMB 5382, Moor plantation, Apata, Ibadan. 2Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria. *E-mail: [email protected] The authors want to sincerely acknowledge: i. The conservator general, officials and rangers of National Parks and Foresters in all Forests visited. ii. The NCF / Chevron – Chief S. L. Edu. (2011) award for this work. iii. STEPB – IOT, Research and Technology Development Grant, 2011. Abstract Loganiaceae belongs to the Order Gentianales which consists of the families Apocynaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Loganiaceae, Gentianaceae and Rubiaceae. Several Herbaria samples were studied prior to collection from Forest Reserves and National Parks in Nigeria, Republic of Benin and Ghana – with the aid of collection bags, cutlass, secateurs and ropes. Plants parts, both vegetative and reproductive were assessed with the aid of meter rule and tape rule in their natural environment and in the laboratory. Strychnos species collected were 47 individuals; 35 species were adequately identified. Anthocleista genus consists of nine species, Mostuea - three species while Nuxia, Spigelia and Usteria were monotypic genera. The leaf surfaces within the family are: hirsute, pilose, pubescent, tomentose and glabrous as found in Mostuea hirsuta, Strychnos phaeotricha, Strychnos innocua, Strychnos spinosa and members of Anthocleista species respectively. Morphological characters show 10 clusters at threshold of 47 % similarity. -
Revision and Phylogeny of <I>Acalypha</I
Blumea 55, 2010: 21–60 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/000651910X499141 Revision and phylogeny of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia V.G. Sagun1,2, G.A. Levin2, P.C. van Welzen3 Key words Abstract Twenty-eight species of Acalypha are recognized in Malesia. Acalypha paniculata is the sole member of subgenus Linostachys in Malesia and the rest of the species belong to subgenus Acalypha. Four previously Acalypha synonymized species are resurrected as distinct species, namely A. angatensis, A. cardiophylla var. cardiophylla, Euphorbiaceae A. grandis, and A. wilkesiana. Four species names are newly reduced to synonymy. The molecular phylogenetic Malesia analyses indicate that Acalypha is monophyletic, as is the subgenus Acalypha. The early-diverging lineages in the phylogeny genus, and its closest outgroup, consist of African species. The Malesian species do not form a monophyletic group although the molecular data strongly support two small clades within the region that are morphologically homogene- ous. The classification system that Pax and Hoffmann applied to subgenus Acalypha, which is based primarily on inflorescence morphology, appears to be unsatisfactory and incongruent with the phylogenetic analyses. Published on 16 April 2010 INTRODUCTION Molecular systematics confirms the placement of Acalypha in Acalyphoideae s.s. and shows a close relationship between Acalypha L. is the third largest genus in the Euphorbiaceae Acalypha and Mareya Baill. (Wurdack et al. 2005, Tokuoka s.s. after Euphorbia L., and Croton L., having about 450 spe- 2007). Their relationship is supported by similar morphologi- cies worldwide (Webster 1994, Radcliffe-Smith 2001). In the cal characteristics, including laciniate styles, pendulous anther Malesian region, 28 species of Acalypha are recognized herein. -
Chapter One 1.0 Introduction and Background to The
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Loganiaceae is a family of flowering plants classified in the Order Gentianales (Bendre, 1975). The family was first suggested by Robert Brown in 1814 and validly published by von Martius in 1827 (Nicholas and Baijnath, 1994). Members habits are in form of trees, shrubs, woody climbers and herbs. Some are epiphytes while some members are furnished with spines or tendrils (Bendre, 1975). They are distributed mainly in the tropics, subtropics and a few in temperate regions (Backlund et al., 2000). Earlier treatments of the family have included up to 30 genera, 600 species (Leeuwenberg and Leenhouts, 1980; Mabberley, 1997) but were later reduced to 400 species in 15 genera, with some species extending into temperate Australia and North America (Struwe et al., 1994; Dunlop, 1996; Backlund and Bremer, 1998). Morphological studies have demonstrated that this broadly defined Loganiaceae was a polyphyletic assemblage and numerous genera have been removed from it to other families (sometimes to other Orders), e.g. Gentianaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Plocospermataceae, Tetrachondraceae, Buddlejaceae, and Gesneriaceae (Backlund and Bremer, 1998; Backlund et al., 2000). The family has undergone numerous revisions that have expanded and contracted its circumscription, ranging from one genus at its smallest (Takhtajan, 1997; Smith et al., 1997) to 30 at its largest (Leeuwenberg and Leenhouts, 1980). One of the current infrafamilial classifications contains four tribes: Antonieae Endl., Loganieae Endl., Spigelieae Dum. (monotypic), and Strychneae Dum. (Struwe et al., 1994). The tribes Loganieae and Antonieae are supported by molecular data, but Strychneae is not (Backlund et al., 2000). -
Observations on Functional Wood Histology of Vines and Lianas Sherwin Carlquist Pomona College; Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 11 | Issue 2 Article 3 1985 Observations on Functional Wood Histology of Vines and Lianas Sherwin Carlquist Pomona College; Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Carlquist, Sherwin (1985) "Observations on Functional Wood Histology of Vines and Lianas," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 11: Iss. 2, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol11/iss2/3 ALISO 11(2), 1985, pp. 139-157 OBSERVATIONS ON FUNCTIONAL WOOD HISTOLOGY OF VINES AND LlANAS: VESSEL DIMORPHISM, TRACHEIDS, V ASICENTRIC TRACHEIDS, NARROW VESSELS, AND PARENCHYMA SHERWIN CARLQUIST Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and Department of Biology, Pomona College Claremont, California 91711 ABSTRACT Types of xylem histology in vines, rather than types of cambial activity and xylem conformation, form the focus of this survey. Scandent plants are high in conductive capability, but therefore have highly vulnerable hydrosystems; this survey attempts to see what kinds of adaptations exist for safety and in which taxa. A review of scandent dicotyledons reveals that a high proportion possesses vasi centric tracheids (22 families) or true tracheids (24 families); the majority of scandent families falls in these categories. Other features for which listings are given include vascular tracheids, fibriform vessel elements, helical sculpture in vessels, starch-rich parenchyma adjacent to vessels, and other parenchyma distributions. The high vulnerability of wide vessels is held to be countered by various mechanisms. True tracheids and vasicentric tracheids potentially safeguard the hydrosystem by serving when large vessels are embolized. -
Reviewofreferenc00dillrich.Pdf
MAIN UBRARY-AGRiCULTLJRj BIOLOGY LIBRARY G pt A REVIEW ; OF THE REFERENCES TO THE HORTUS MALABABICUS OF HENRY VAN RHEEDE VAN DRAAKENSTEIN. NOT PUBLISHED. SWANSEA: PRINTED AT THE CAMBRIAN-OFFICE, BY MURRAY AND REES. 1839. 5 Q I BIOLOGY LIBRARY G MAIN LIBRARY 'ULTURE DEPT. SEVERAL years ago I attempted to ascertain the names of the Plants which have been figured by Rheede and Rumphius in the Hortus Malabaricus and Herbarium Amboinense, and my late resi- dence in London has enabled me to find materials, which nothing but the libraries and collections of the Metropolis can furnish, for settling many of the doubtful synonyms. I have here arranged the notes and remarks thus collected on the former of these Works, and the Hortus Malabaricus has now been so generally cited in all works on Botany for nearly a century and a half, that this Review can hardly fail to be of some use, particularly to the Students of Oriental Botany. Op- posite to the number of each plate I have given, so far as I could collect them, the various synonymous names of the species to which the figure belongs, but more particularly those for which it has been quoted, and the names of the authors, when they have given a direct reference to the plate, are printed in Italics. In a paragraph below I have noticed those other references which I believe to be erroneous, and have offered a few occasional remarks on the species. Many of the notes were written at distant intervals, and some of the species have received much more attention, or been studied under more favor- able circumstances, than others; but, even where the true and false synonyms have not been rightly distinguished, the convenience of having all the references to each plate brought together will equally remain. -
Thonner's Analytical Key to the Families of Flowering Plants
Thonner's analyticalke y to thefamilie s of flowering plants R.Geesin k A.J .M .Leeuwenber g C.E.Ridsdale J.F .Veldkam p PUDOC, Centre for Agricultural Leiden University Press Publishing and Documentation The Hague/Boston/London, Wageningen, 1981 1981 /1/0 07 (P- :>< R. Geesink-Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands A. J. M. Leeuwenberg - Laboratorium voor Plantensystematiek en Planten- geografie, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands C. E. Ridsdale-B. A. Krukoff Botanist ofMalesia n Botany, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands J. F. Veldkamp-Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands This volume isliste d inth eLibrar y of Congress Cataloging inPublicatio n Data Thisi sa translate d and revised edition of:Anleitun g zumBestimme n der Familien der Blutenpflanzen, 2nd. ed. 1917, Friedländer, Berlin ISBN 90-220-0730-8 © Centre foragricultura l publishing and documentation, PUDOC, Wageningen 1981 and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 1981 Allright sreserved . Nopar t ofthi spublicatio n mayb ereproduced , stored ina retrieva l system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands, and PUDOC, P.O. Box 4,670 0A AWageningen , TheNetherland s Printed inth e Netherlands Contents Preface toth e2n deditio n(1917 ) vii Introduction viii Acknowledgements x FranzThonne r- Life (1863-1928) xii FranzThonner-Bibliograph y xv FranzThonner-Derive dwork s xviii FranzThonner-Eponym y xx The Key - Introduction and Notes xxii Schemefo r adiagnosti cdescriptio n xxvi Conciseke yt oth ema jo rgrouping s 1 Keyt oth efamilie s 3 Glossary 198 Index 214 'All plants are hybrids, but some are greater bastards than others' lf*!Mfc .-, -e *••-r • + VT-V «-•! * . -
Die Verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen Von Brimeura SALISB.: Ein Vergleich Mit Den Gattungen Oncostema RAFIN., Hyacinthoides MEDIC
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Phyton, Annales Rei Botanicae, Horn Jahr/Year: 1987 Band/Volume: 26_2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Speta Franz Artikel/Article: Die verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen von Brimeura SALISB.: ein Vergleich mit den Gattungen Oncostema RAFIN., Hyacinthoides MEDIC. und Camassia LINDL. (Hyacinthaceae). 247-310 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Phyton (Austria) Vol. 26 Fasc. 2 247-310 15. 4. 1987 Die verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen von Brimeura SALISB.: ein Vergleich mit den Gattungen Oncostema RAFIN., Hyacinthoides MEDIC, und Camassia LlNDL. (Hyacinthaceae) Franz SPETA*) Mit 20 Abbildungen Key words: Hyacinthaceae, Lüiaceae s. L; Brimeura, Camassia, Hyacin- thoides, Oncostema, Scilla s. 1. — Karyology; chromosome numbers, interphase nuc- lei.- Morphology; bulb, inflorescence, pistil. - Nomenclature. - Systematics Summary SPETA F. 1987. Relationships of Brimeura SALISB.: a comparison with the genera Oncostema RAFIN., Hyacinthoides MEDIC, and Camassia LINDL. (Hyacinthaceae). — Phyton (Austria) 26 (2): 247-310, 20 figures. - German with English summary. Brimeura amethystina and B. fastigiata and the species of the Scilla verna group, 5. peruviana group, Hyacinthoides and Camassia are investigated; their characteristics of seedlings, leaves, scapes and flowers (especially structure of the pistil) are compared. Additionally chromosome numbers and structure of interphase nuclei are discussed. Because the S. verna- and S. peruviana groups have little in common with Scilla L. s. str., they are regarded as a separate genus. The oldest applicable name for those is Oncostema RAFIN. The type species is O. villosa (DESF.) RAFIN. and therefore the S. peruviana group forms subg. -
Revisión Taxonómica Del Género Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae)
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL, 1 530955005 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL GÉNERO ACALYPHÁ L. (EUPHORBTACEAE) EN COLOMBIA TESIS DOCTORAL POR José María Cardiel Sanz > (‘¡a V0 B2 de la tutora V2 B2 del director M2 Andrea Carrasco de Salazar Santiago Castro’viejo Bolibar Madrid, 1994 Indice general 1. Introducción . .5 III. Síntesis geográfica de Colombia. 9 III. Antecedentes históricos 111.1. Historia del géneroAcalypha L. • . 19 111.2. El género Acalypha L en América. 111.3. El género Acalypha L en Colombia. • . 29 IV. Material y métodos. 37 V. Morfología descriptiva. 43 VL Posición sistemática.. 57 VII. Tratamielito taxonómico.. 61 Subgénero Linostachys. 67 1. Acalypha villosa. • . 69 2. Acalypha chocoana. 79 3. Ácalypha colombiana. • . 85 4. Acalypha inaequilatera. • . 91 5. Ácalypha mutisa. 95 6. Acalypha castroviejol. 99 7. Acalypha plathyphylla. 103 Subgénero Acalypha. 111 8. Acalypha arvensis 113 9. Acalypha a.(opecuroides 119 10. Acalypha setosa 125 11. Acalypha carrascoana 129 12. Acalypha schultesii 133 13. Acoiypha glandulosa 137 14. Aca¡ypha cuspidata 143 15. Acalyphaplicata 151 16. Acalypha macrophyl¡a 155 17. Ácalypha schiedeana 161 18. Acalyphapad¡folia. 169 19. Acalypha diversifolia 175 20. Acalypha cuneata 189 21. Acalypha subcuneata 195 22. Acalypha SCWUIenS. 199 23. Ácalypha macrostachya 205 24. Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana. 221 25. Acalypha hispida 225 2 José Marfa cardiel, 1994 VIII. Resumen y conclusiones. 229 IX. Bibliografía. 233 X. Indices índice de recolecciones 245 Indice de nombres científicos 251 Introducción Poco tiempo después de finalizar mi licenciatura tuve la oportunidad de viajar a Colombia, contratado por el Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana, con el propósito de preparar el volumen de la familia Euphorbiaceae de la “Flora de la RealExpedición Botánica delNuevo Reyno de Granada” de José Celestino Mutis. -
Revisión Taxonómica Del Género Acalypha L
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL, 1 530955005 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL GÉNERO ACALYPHÁ L. (EUPHORBTACEAE) EN COLOMBIA TESIS DOCTORAL POR José María Cardiel Sanz > (‘¡a V0 B2 de la tutora V2 B2 del director M2 Andrea Carrasco de Salazar Santiago Castro’viejo Bolibar Madrid, 1994 Indice general 1. Introducción . .5 III. Síntesis geográfica de Colombia. 9 III. Antecedentes históricos 111.1. Historia del géneroAcalypha L. • . 19 111.2. El género Acalypha L en América. 111.3. El género Acalypha L en Colombia. • . 29 IV. Material y métodos. 37 V. Morfología descriptiva. 43 VL Posición sistemática.. 57 VII. Tratamielito taxonómico.. 61 Subgénero Linostachys. 67 1. Acalypha villosa. • . 69 2. Acalypha chocoana. 79 3. Ácalypha colombiana. • . 85 4. Acalypha inaequilatera. • . 91 5. Ácalypha mutisa. 95 6. Acalypha castroviejol. 99 7. Acalypha plathyphylla. 103 Subgénero Acalypha. 111 8. Acalypha arvensis 113 9. Acalypha a.(opecuroides 119 10. Acalypha setosa 125 11. Acalypha carrascoana 129 12. Acalypha schultesii 133 13. Acoiypha glandulosa 137 14. Aca¡ypha cuspidata 143 15. Acalyphaplicata 151 16. Acalypha macrophyl¡a 155 17. Ácalypha schiedeana 161 18. Acalyphapad¡folia. 169 19. Acalypha diversifolia 175 20. Acalypha cuneata 189 21. Acalypha subcuneata 195 22. Acalypha SCWUIenS. 199 23. Ácalypha macrostachya 205 24. Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana. 221 25. Acalypha hispida 225 2 José Marfa cardiel, 1994 VIII. Resumen y conclusiones. 229 IX. Bibliografía. 233 X. Indices índice de recolecciones 245 Indice de nombres científicos 251 Introducción Poco tiempo después de finalizar mi licenciatura tuve la oportunidad de viajar a Colombia, contratado por el Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana, con el propósito de preparar el volumen de la familia Euphorbiaceae de la “Flora de la RealExpedición Botánica delNuevo Reyno de Granada” de José Celestino Mutis. -
FULLTEXT01.Pdf
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finns ingen ro i sinnet finns ingen sorg i minnet finns ingen last att bära men så mycket mycket mer att lära himlen blåser upp! Mats Ronander Papers included in this thesis This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals: I B. Oxelman, M. Backlund & B. Bremer. 1999. Relationships of the Buddlejaceae s.l. investigated using parsimony jackknife and branch support analysis of chloroplast ndhF and rbcL sequence -
An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
BLUMEA 53: 1– 222 Published on 29 May 2008 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651908X608179 AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF GUINEA-BISSAU (WEST AFRICA) L. CATARINO, E.S. MARTINS, M.F. PINTO BASTO & M.A. DINIZ IICT – Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Trav. Conde da Ribeira 9, 1300-142 Lisboa, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Summary . 1 Résumé . 1 Resumo . 2 Introduction – The country’s main features . 2 Vegetation . 5 Botanic collections in Guinea-Bissau . 9 Material and Methods . 13 Checklist of the vascular flora of Guinea-Bissau . 19 Pteridophyta . 19 Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae) . 21 Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones) . 21 Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) . 119 References . 151 Taxonomic Index . 191 SUMMARY A Checklist of Guinea-Bissau’s vascular flora is presented, based on the inventory of herbarium material and on recent collections. In addition to the name, we cite for each taxon the basionym and synonyms, the life form and habitat, as well as the chorology, Raunkiaer’s biological type, phenology and vernacular names if known. 1507 specific and infra-specific taxa were recorded, of which 1459 are autochthonous, belonging to 696 genera. This shows a higher diversity than the 1000 species estimated so far. In the autoch- thonous flora there are 22 species of Pteridophyta from 14 families; 1041 taxa of Dicotyledons from 107 families, and 396 taxa of Monocotyledons belonging to 33 families. Three taxa are probably endemic to the country. Key words: flora, phytogeography, ecology, chorology, vernacular names, Guinea-Bissau. RÉSUMÉ Ayant pour base l’inventaire des matériaux d’herbier et les récoltes récentes, une Checklist est présenté sur la flore vasculaire de la Guinée-Bissau. -
Biosystematic Studies in Southern African Species of Strychnos L. (Loganiaceae)
UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS L. (LOGANIACEAE) ADEKUNLE ADEBOWALE BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS L. (LOGANIACEAE) by ADEKUNLE ADEBOWALE Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban NOVEMBER 2014 ii PREFACE The experimental work described in this thesis was carried out in the School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban from March 2007 to December 2011, under the supervision of Profs Ashley Nicholas, Jenny Lamb and Dr Yogis Naidoo. The studies represent original work by the author and have not otherwise been submitted in any form for any degree or diploma to any tertiary institution. Where use has been made of the work of others it is duly acknowledged in the text. iii DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS We hereby declare that we acted as Supervisors for this PhD student: Student's Full Name: ADEKUNLE ADEBOWALE Student Number: 205527654 Thesis Title: BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS L. (LOGANIACEAE). Regular consultation took place between the student and ourselves throughout the investigation. We advised the student to the best of our ability and approved the final document for submission to the College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science Higher Degrees Office for examination by the University appointed Examiners. SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR ASHLEY NICHOLAS ---------------------------------------------- CO-SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR JENNY LAMB ---------------------------------------------- CO-SUPERVISOR: DR YOGIS NAIDOO iv COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE DECLARATION 1 – PLAGIARISM I, Adekunle Adebowale, Student Number 205527654 declare that: 1.