Fruits - vol. 32, n^1, 1977 -6 1

Insect pests of guava in India and their control .

Dhamo K. BUTANI

GUAVA (P.sidiurn guajava LINNAEUS) is a native o f photosynthetic activity and as a result the vigourou s tropical America but is now pantropical in distribution . I n growth of the tree is adversely affected . The attack by this India, it was introduced early in 17th century and a t pest is more common and serious during surnmer months . present it occupies an area of about 60 thousand hectare s which is 5 per cent of the total area under fruits in India . Besides this scale, RAIIMAN and ANSARI (1941 ) Of this, more than half is in Uttar Pradesh and about 10,00 0 recorded Aonidiella (Chrysomphalus) aurantii (MASK Vt ELL ) hectares in Bihar and the remaining 20,000 hectares ar e A . orientalis (NEWSTEAD), Aspidiotus destructor SIGNO- spread all over India . The fruit is very rich in vitamin C an d RET. AYYAR (1963) added A . trilobitiformis GREEN an d A and contains a fair amount of calcium as well . It i s Mytilaspis pallida GREEN . Sometimes Coccus (Eulecanium ) eaten as such or cooked and is also used for making ja m uiridi (GREEN) and Saissetia coffeae hemisphaericus TAR- and jelly . Like any other fruit, guava too is vulnerable to th e GIONI also appear in large number (WADI!! and BATRA , ravages of various pests, which cause a regula r 1964) . In addition, Ceroplastes floridensis (COMSTOCK) , substantial loss both in quality and quantity of fruit. Abou t Chrysomphalus son.idum (LINNAEUS), Coccus hesperidu m 40 species of have so far been recorded thrivin g LINNAEUS, Ilemiberlesia ataniae (SIGNOIIET), lnsulaspis upon this crop, of which less than dozen have attended th e pallidula WILLIAMS, Lindingaspis rossi (MASKW ELL) , status of pest - major or minor . The major pests includ e Parlatoria pergandei COMISTOCK,Parasaissetia nigra (NIET- coccids (scale insects and mealy bugs), fruit flies, bark eatin g NER), caterpillars and castor capsule borer while those of mino r Saissetia oleae (IIERNAItD) have also been recorde d importance are stern borers, butterfly, casto r occasionally . Of these C . viridi often occurs even as a majo r sernilooper, aphid, thrips, white fly, tea mosquito, cockcha- pest specially in South India . It is found in large colonies o n fer , grey weevils, etc . Besides, mites and birds also leaves and tender shoots usually along the veins on ventra l cause a fait amount of loss . side of leaves, sucking the cell sap therefrom .

Prompt pruning of the affected parts and their destruc- SCALE INSECT S tion in the initial stage of attack prevents the building up o f pest population . In case of severe attack pruning followed Chloropulvinaria psidii (MASK\\EI .L) is a serious pest o f by 2-3 sprayings at 10-12 days, interval with 0 .04 diazi - guava . According to AN YAlt (1963) it is a specific pest o f non or dichlorvos (DI) VP) or 0 .1 BHC 0 .1 DI)1 is re - guava though it has also been found on litchi, mango, sapo- commended to keep these scale insects under check . ta, tea, etc ., as of minor importance . The pest is found al l over India and Sri Lanka and has also been reported fro m Bangladesh (AI,AM, 1962) . In India, it is more pronounce d MEALY BUGS in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra states . Mango mealy bug, Urosicha (Illonophelbus) mangiff ,rae Small, flat, motionless, yellowish-green scale like insect s (GItEEN) . a major pest of mango, also attacks apple , are found in colonies sticking to leaves, sucking cell sa p apricot, ber (Zizyphus spp.), cherry, , falsa, fig, grapes , therefrom . The insects also exude honeydew on whic h guava, jack fruit, jarnun (Syzygium cuminii SKEELS) , fungus, ~Mleliola psidii grows very rapidly covering th e litchi, mulberry, papaya, peach, pear, plum, pomegranate , leaves and twigs with sooty mould . This hindens in th e etc . Eggs are laid in clusters, 50-300 turn deep in soil aroun d tree trunks during summer . llatching of these eggs lakes place from November onwards ; late monsoons and winter - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012 .

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rains delay the emergence of nymphs . Freshly hatche d white maggots bore inside the fruits and start feeding o n nymphs craweup the tree to settle on a succulent spot an d soft pulp . When full grown . they come out of the fruits an d start sucking the sap therefrom . pupate in the soil. The infested fruits show depression s with dark greenish punctures and when cut open wriggling To control, plough around the trees to expose and kil l maggots are seen inside . Later, the affected fruits ge t the eggs ; mix thoroughly 5% heptachlor or chlordane dus t malformed, rot and all down . Attack on guava is more in the upper 400-500 nun of soil around the trees to kill severe during rainy season (June - September) and continues the freshly emerged. nymphs and to prevent the nymph s upto December . Soft pulp varieties are more susceptibl e from climbing up the trees, lie around the tree trunk , than hard pulp ones . Life-history and bionomics of the pes t alkathine sheet (400 gauge) as suggested in case of mang o have been studied by JANJUA (1948) and SHAH and al . (13UTANl 1975) . If the nymphs be observed on the trees , (1948). Egg and grub stages last for 2-3 and 12-15 day s spray 0 .04% diazinon or rnouocroiophos against the youn g respectively while pupal period varies between 6 days i n nymphs and 0 .1 f diazinon, phoaphamidou or endosuLfa u summer to 44 (lays in winter . Besides D . dorsalis, guava i s against the full grown nymphs and adults . also attacked by guava fruit fly D . diversus COQUIL,I .ET , t Other mealy hugs commonly found on guava include , melon fruit fly D . cucurbilae COQUILLET and peach frui Ferrisia (Ferisiana) virgata (COCKERELL), Ilemaspidio- fly 1). zombis SAUNDERS . Of these, 1). diversus i s proctus cinerus (GREEN), Iceryaaegypliaca (DOUGLAS) , commonly found in guava and loquat orchards durin g 1. purchasi MASKVEI,L, Nipaecoccus niridis (NE\VSlEAD ) winter and these migrate to cueurbits as and when the sam e (corvmbatus GREEN), N. uipae (MASK\YELL) and Plano - are available while D. cucurbitae attacks guava only during coccus lilacinus (COCKERELL) . All these are polyphagous hot and dry weather when cucurbits are not available . TIu pests and of minor importance in case of guava . F. virgata main host of D . zonatus is peach and it attacks guava usual- and P. lilacinus are major pests of custard apple (Auon a ly during monsoon months . and 1 . aegyptiaca are sguamosa LINNAEUS) ; N. riddis Since adult flies are active on wings while maggots an d LAM .) , destructive to jack - fruit (Arlocarpus heterophyllus pupae are inside the fruit and soil respectively, it is rathe r while 1. purchasi is an exotic insect (from Australia) whic h difficult to check this-pest by spraying or dusting . Harvest has been found m India, damaging besides guava, appl e the fruits before they ripe . PEIITA and VAIiMA (19613 ) (:ilrns grapes and mango as well . These mealy bugs ar e suggested potion baiting with protein Irydrolysaie malatlrio n found on tender twigs and leaves suckings the plant sap ; and water (1 :10) . The bait may be kapt in small fla t resulting in loss of vigour . Like other coccids, they also containers, suspended 3-4 per tree . Besides attracting fruit - secret honeydew which favours the fungal development , flies, adults of fruit sucking and castor capsule borer giving the leaves and twigs black appearance and affectin g too will be attracted and killed . lALGER L (1(167) ha s adversely the growth and fruiting capacity of the tree . suggested spraying with 0 .03% phosphamidon or 0 .06 % Prune and destroy the affected twigs in the initial stag e methyl detneton, which brings down the population t o of attack ; followed by spraying with 0 .05% dicldorvo s some extent . In addition, removal and prompt destructio n (DMP) (VENAL, 1974) or 0 .1% carbaryl . of all infested and fallen fruits as also ploughing around th e trees during winter help to prevent carry over of the pest .

FRUIT FLIES BARK EATING CATERPILLARS Mango fruit fly, Dacus (Slrumeta) dorsali.s (IIENDEL) - a pest of potential importance is eostnupolitan and breed s tetraonis (MOORE) a polyphagous pest that on a variety of fruits . Though as the name suggests, mang o attacks and damages number of trees (fruit and forest ) is its main host, but PR [TIl I and It \TR,A (196(1) reporte d prefers guava . It is found in abundance in neglected orchard s guava also as a prefered host . Besides it also feed and bree d specially in Uttar Pradesh . Besides guava, it is a destructive on Citrus, fig, loquat, peach, pear . etc. Ii is found al l pest of Citrus, falsa, janun . litchi, mango, etc . Stout , . f, rare destructive in dirty brown moths appear during May-June and lay eggs

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a year . Cherry stem borer, Aeolesthes holoserica FABRICIUS - a Another species, I. quadrinotata (WALKER) is also foun d major pest of cherry has also been recorded boring guav a on guava, though this is a major pest of mango (BIJTANI , stems . The pest is polyphagus and has been collected fro m 1975) . It is found in large numbers in those neglected guav a apple, apricot, crab-apple, mulberry, peach, pear, walnut , orchards that are in vicinity of mango orchards . etc . It is found all over India and has been also recorde d from Burma, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Thailand (PR[Jlll I To control this abnoxious pest, remove all the webbin g and BATRA, 1960) . ALAM (1962) reported it from Bangla- from tree trunk and-insert in the entry holes of the pest, a desh . . swab of cotton woll soaked in kerosene (PATEL and al . , 1964) or 0 .04% DDT, malathion or dimethoate (SRIVAS- RAIIMAN and KHAN (1962) studied its bionomics . TAV A, 1972) and seal the holes with mud . Such of th e Adult beetles (about 40 mm long) are nocturnal ; dar k holes as may reopen have to be retreated . SRIVASTAV A brown in colour with silvery or golden yellowish spots o n (1964) have suggested injecting a mixture of ethyl glyco l elytra . Male antennae is 1 1/2 times its body length while and kerosene (3 :1). Any of these treatment is good an d those of female are as long as the body . Whitish, elliptical effective for stem borers as well . eggs are laid in crevices in the bark of trees preferably dea d bark or fallen trees during May to October . lhese hatch in 7-12 days . Caterpillars on hatching feed on inner laye r CASTOR CAPSULE BORE R of bark and make zigzag galleries ; when full grow n (about 75 x 13 .5 rum), these are yellowish, clothed with fine bristles and bore into thick sterns and trunks, fee Dichocrocis punctiferalis GUENRE is a major pest o f d within and tnake therein castor and is often found on guava throughout the plains o f irregular cavities . The larvae ar e active for 27 to 32 months India . ANSARI (1945) reported this as a serious pest of . Pupation takes place in thes e guava in Punjab . It has also been reported from Java, Japan , cavities and even the adults on emergence stay there t o Malaysia and Australia (PRUTIII and BATRA, 1960) . overwinter and come out only when the temperature rise s Besides castor and guava, it is a major pest of ginger an d (April-May) . Pupal period varies between 40-100 days an d turmeric and of minor importance on arrow-root, cardamon , the entire life cycle occupies 2 1 /2 to 3 years . Citrus, clover, cocoa, jack fruit, mango, mulberry, peach , Collect and destroy the grubs and beetles ; fumigate th e pear, plum, etc . holes with paradichlorobenzene (ALAM, 1962) or insert i n Moths are medium sized brownish-yellow with numerou s the holes cotton wick (about 150 mm long) soacked in a black dots on wings . Eggs are laid on fruits but in absenc e fumigant or 10 ml of 0 .1% dichlorvos (DI)VP) 0 .03 % of fruits, on tender buds and shoots . These hatch in 5- 6 dimethoate or 0 .025% phosphamidon, methyl demeton or days and bore into that fruit, bud or shoot and feed withi n thiorneton (SIIARMA and ATTRI, 1969) and seal the hol e on pulp and seeds or soft tissues . Full grown caterpillar (25 - with mud . 35 mm long) is dark pinkish-brown with spiny wrats all Pomegranate butterfly, Virachalo isocrates FABRICIU S over . Larval and pupal periods vary from 14 to 20 and 7 t o is a polyphagus pest that breeds through out the year . 10 days respectively . Total life cycle occupies 28-35 day s PRUTHI and BATHA (1960) reported it on pomegranate , and as usual it is longer during winter than in summer . guava, apple, litchi, loquat, , orange (Citrus) , To control this pest, destroy all the infested shoots, bud s etc. Medium sized greyish purple butterfly ; female havin g and fruits ; dust 5-10% BIIC or spray 0 .1% BIIC 0 .1 % DOT . having orange coloured patch on fore wings . Shinnin g white eggs are laid singly on the calyx of flowers and ofte n on young fruits. These hatch in 6-8 days, puncture th e MINOR PEST S fruits, go inside the same and feed within on pulp an d immature seeds for 15-20 (lays . Full grown caterpillars ar e Guava stern borer, Microclona leucosticta MEY RICK i s rather short (15-18 mm), dark brown in colour wit h commonly found in Assam (CHOUD1111RY and MAJ ID , whitish patches . Pupation usually lakes place inside th e 1954) . The larvae bore into tender twigs and damage th e rotten fruit but sometimes caterpillar may come out an d pith generally near the lips . The attacked stems becom e pupate, attaching itself to the stalk of fruit (MEIITA an d hollow and filled with black frass . V ARMA, 1968) . Pupal period varies between 7 and 14 days . The affected fruits rot, give offensive smell and fall down . Another species, M. techrnographa MEYRICK has also been reported from North-West [ndia (PRUTIII and BA - Collect and destroy all infested and fallen fruits . Spray [RA, 1960) causing similar damage . during flowering season when fruits are just beginning t o form with 0 .03% phosphamidon (\LAM, 1962) or 0 .15 to To control these pests plug the holes with cotton wool a s 0 .2% BIIC or DDT (PR UTIII and ltAlRA, 1960) . suggested against bark eating caterpillars . 64 - Fruits - vol . 32 . not , 197 7

Castor semi-louper, jarrata (LINNAEUS) - a (1975) .1 . psidii sticks the cell sap from underside of leave s major pest of castor has also been reporter damaging her thereby devitalizing the trees . Il. antonii attacks the fruit s (Zizyphus spp.) Citrus, grapes, guava, mango, pomegranate , and causes corky scab formation on the fruits . Such fruit s etc . The is stout greyish brown with forewing s loose their market value . greyish brown and black blotches on hind wings . Eggs ar e namely, Itolotrich a greenish brown and are laid singly on tender shoots an d Cockchafer beetles : .11elolonlhids, RLANCIIARI), H . insularis RRENSKE, H. leaves . Full grown larva (40-45 Inn, long) is slender, smooth , consanguinea Schizonycha refficollis I" as also dull grayish brown tû greyish black in colour with white o r serrata 131,AN( ;IIARD and Rutelids, namely, tdoretus ducauceli BLANCIIARD, A . brown stripes . It moves like a seinilooper and feeds vora- ARRO\1 . A . lasiopygus R1 RMEISTER,4 . versu- ciously on leaves while dulls have also been recorde d horticola BLANCIIARI) hav e sucking the juice from fruits of Citrus, grapes, mango, etc . tus IlAItOLD and Anomala bengalensis One life - cycle occupies 28-47 days during active period been recorded occasionally damaging guava in India . All . The over - (5h51IAGIRI RAO, 1972) ; summer is passed in pupal stage these are minor pests, so far guava is concerned r inside the soil or folds of leaves . There are 5-6 generation s wintering adults are stimulated to activity by a good showe ) a year . of rain whether pre-monsoon (DAVID and KAI,RA, 1966 or monsoon (SRI VASlAVA and KIlAN, 1963) . The activi- Collect and destroy the caterpillars . In case of severe ty declines with heavy showers of rain . Thus the adul t infestation dust 5 to 10% RHC or spray 0 .05% endosulfa n beetles are found in fields frorn March to June-July soo n or 0 .1% carbaryl . after dusk feeding on leaves and making naptual flights . Just before day break they go down in the soil . Grub s Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii GLOVER (malvae KOCH .) usually feed on roots and other organic matter available is a major pest of cotton that attacks number of other crop s in soil . Eggs are laid in the soil (50 to 150 men deep) whe n as well including guava, apple, melon, water-melon, goo d the soil is sufficiently moist (June-July) . In Rajasyhan in- many vegetables and ornamental trees, etc . The pest i s cubation period is 7-12 days ; larval 8-12 weeks ; pupa l found all over the world except colder parts of Asia an d 2-3 weeks and total lifecycle 11-16 weeks (H . insularis - Canada (CIE Map N A 18) . Both nymphs and adults have SRIVASIAVA and KHAN, 1963 ; H. consanguinea - RA I been observed during August to October sucking cell sa p and al., 1969) . Adults emerge by November but remai n mostly from the leaves but in severe cases from tende r inactive in soil for the entire winter and spring seasons . shoots as well . These insects also exude honeydew whic h favours the development of sooty mould . This black coatin g These are difficult to combat as they live sufficiently on leaves gives the tree a sickly appearance and also inter- deep in the soil . Deep ploughing around the trees couple d feres with the photosynthetic activity of the tree resultin g with mixing thoroughly in the soil heptachlor dust 8 k g in stunted growth . a .i . per hectare (JOSIII and al ., 1969) help to minimize th e Spraying with 40% nicotine sulphate (1 :600) or 0 .02 % population . For adults, foliar spraying with 0 .2% 131IC , carbaryl or Dl)T, twice at 7-10 days interval is suggested . phosphamidon or 0 .04% dichlorvos (DDVP) is effective in controlling these aphids as also the thrips and whiteflies , PRASAD (1961) suggested introduction of Surina m if any . toad, Budo marinas to control these chafer beetles . Scotia aureipennis and Campsomeris cal/ads have been recorded Cocoa thrip, Selenolhrips rubrocinctus (GIARD) - a parasitizing grubs of H . consanguinea (KALRA and KUL- major pest of cocoa has not yet been recorded on cocoa i n SIl1iESIITHA, 1961) while carabid , Anthia sexgutta- India but is found in large numbers on leaves of cashewnu t la has been reported preying upon the adults and al ., trees (ANANTHAKR,ISIINAN, 1971) . HILL (1975) repor- (RAI 1969), R ANGA NA - lIIAIAH and al . (1973) claime d ted mango, avocado, pear, cashew and guava as its hos t Beauvaria brongniartii to be effective against Il. serrata plants . The pest is pantropical in distribution (CIE Map n°A SEKIIAIt and VENKATARAM] AIl (1964) and SHIND E 136) . Egg is kidney shaped about 0 .25 min long . Nymphs and SHARMA (1971) found Bacillus lhuringiensis BEIt1,1 - are yellow with bright red band around the base of abdo- NER, and B. popilliae to be effective against the grubs in th e men . Full grown nymph is about one rnrn long . Adult i s laboratory . Complete success by means of biological con- dark brown (1 .2 men long) fragile, slender with dark gre y trol is still a far cry . heavily fringed wings . Nymphs and adults lacerate the lea f tissues and feed on oozing juice . lifecycle has not bee n Grey weevils, Mylloceru.s discolor BOIIEMAN . M. 11- studied in India yet . pustulatus maculosis DESBROCIIER, M. sabulosus MAR- SHAL[, and M. viridanus lARRICIUS have been reported \Vhitefly . lleyrotuberculatus psidii (SINGII) and tea by FLETCHER (1917) . lhese are polyphagons with a ver y mosquito bug, Helopeltis anlonii SIG NORET have also bee n wide range of host plants ; guava being of minor importan- reported as rninor pests by DAVID and KUMARAS\VAMI ce . The grubs feed on roots of all sort while the adul t

Fruits - vol . 32, n°l, 1977 - 65

betties (5-7 mm long) nibble the leaves starting fro m BIBLIOGRAPH Y margins and eat away large patches . ALAM (1962) recom- mended spraying with 0 .2% B11C or DDT or 0 .02% endrin ALAM (M . ZAHURUL), 1962 . or 0 .03% phosphamidon . Besides, spraying with 0 .04% Insect and Mite Pests of fruit and fruit trees in East Pakistan and dichlorvos (DDVP) or dusting with 5-10% BIIC or 4 their control . % East Pakistan Government Press, Dacca, 115 p . carbaryl have also proved effective in checking thes e ANANTHAKRISHNAN (T .N .) . 1971 . weevils. Thrips (Thysanoptera) in agriculture, horticulture and forestry diagnosis, bionomics and control . J. Sci . Indus . Res., 30 (3), 113-146, New Delhi . . 1945 MITE S ANSARI (M . ATIQUR RAHMAN) . Dichocrocis punctiferalis GN as a pest of guava . Indian J. Ent., 7 (1 et 2), 241, New Delhi . These minute, 8-legged, spider like creatures often go AYYAR, RAMAKRISHNA (T.V .) . 1963 . unnoticed except when they cause serious injury to fruits . Handbook of Economic Entomology for South India, Government of Madras Publication, Madras, 288-289 . According to VEVAI (1971), Brevipalpus phoenicis GEIjS- BUTANI (DHAMO K .). 1975 . KES) and Tenuipalpus puniicae PITCIIARD and BAKER Parasites et maladies du manguier en Inde . have been occasionally found to be serious in Karnataka Fuits, 30 (2), 91-101, Paris . and Maharashtra states specially (luring dry weather . Th e CHOWDHURY (S .) and MAJID (S .). 1954 . affected fruits show Guava . scalde patches on the surface an d In : Handbook of Plant protection, 117 p . cause spitting at the apical portion of the fruits . GUPT A Department of Agriculture, Assam, Shillong . (1974) has also listed B. deleoni occurring on guava . DAVID (B. VASANTHARAJ) and KUMARASWAMI (T .) . 1975 . Elements of Economic Entomology . Popular Book Dept ., Madras, 507 p . DAVID (H .) and KALRA (A .N .). 1966 . BIRDS AND S Some observations on serrata F . a beetle pest o f sugar-cane in Hospet area of Mysore State . Indian Sug., 16 : 195-198, Calcutta . Parrots (Psitlacula spp .), flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) , crows (Corvus splendens FLETCHER (T . BAINBRIGGE), 1917 . V IEILLOT), mynas (Acridolheris Guava (Psidium guayava) . tristis), etc ., also damage the ripe and even unripe fruit s Rept . Proc . 2nd Ent. Mtg ., Pusa (Bihar), Feb . 1917, 231-232 , Calcutta . and so do monkeys. Of these, C . splendens has also been reported as predator of FLETCHER (T . BAINBRIGGE). 1920 . Achaea janata (SACIIAN and Annotated list of Indian crop pests . RANA, 1974) and A . tristis have been observed preying Rept . Proc. 3rd Ent. Mtg ., Pusa (Bihar), Feb. 1919, 1, 33-314 , upon Holotrichia consanguinea during July-August (PAN - Calcutta . DEY and YADAV) . Watching and scaring away the bird s GUPTA (S.K .). 1974 . Mites of fruit trees in India and their control . and is the only feasible remedy . This too is possibl e Pesticides, 8 (2), 46-52, Bombay. only in big orchards, as in case of small orchards the cost HILL (DENNIS, S .) . 1975 . will be prohibitive and uneconomical . Bagging of fruits has Agricultural Insect Pests of Tropics and their control . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 516 p . also been suggested but it is neither economical nor practi- cable on large scale JANJUA (NAZEER AHMAD), 1948 . . The biology of Dacus (Strumeta) ferrugineux (FAB .) (Trypetidae : Diptera) in Baluchistan . Indian J. Ent ., 10 (1), 55-61, New Delhi . JOSHI (R .K .), KAUL (C .L .) and SRIVASTAVA (B .P.) . 1969 . Studies on chemical control of whitegrubs, Holotrichia consan - DISEASE S guinea BLANCH . (Melolonthidae :Coloeptera) . Indian J. Ent ., 31 (2), 143-146, New Delhi . Wilt : This is the most destructive disease of guava KALRA (A .N .) and KULSHRESHTHA (J .P.) . 1961 . specially in Uttar Pradesh and Bengal Studies on biology and control of Lachnosterna consanguinea a . It is caused b y pest of sugarcane in Bihar (India) . Fusarium oxysporum psidu PRASAD, MI?IITA and I,AL Bull . ent . Res ., 52 (3), 577-587, London. and is more pronounced in alkaline soils . The leaves tur n MEHTA (P .R .) and VARMA (B .K.) . 1968 . yellow then brown and ultimately die away while the bar k Plant Protection. Directorate of Extension, Ministry of Food Agriculture, Community of the twigs show splitting . Cut off and destroy the infeste d Development and Cooperative, New Delhi, 587 p . branches (by digging) and dispose off promptly the wilte d PANDEY (S .N .) and YADAV (C .P.S .). 1974 . trees and disinfect the pits by burning dry leaves in these . King crow (Dicrurus macrocerus)a predator of the adults o f Holotrichia Sow resistant varieties of guava, seedlings and grafts shoul d consanguinea BLANCH . Entomologists Newsletter, 4 (9), 52 ; New Delhi . be obtained from disease free orchards only MD Y,1968) . PATEL (V .C .), PATEL (H .K.) and PATEL (R.C .) . 1964 . Effect of various insecticides on the bark borer (Indarbela sp .) o f road side trees in Gujarat . Indian J. Ent ., 26 (1), 103-106, New Delhi. 66 - Fruits- vol . 32 . n°l, 197 7

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