sign in sign up
<<
Home , Sex education

Advances in Social Science, and Humanities Research, volume 296 International Conference on Special and Inclusive Education (ICSIE 2018) Method of Sex Learning for Children 5-6 years

Uswatul Hasni Suparno State of Yogyakarta State University of Yogyakarta Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—The aim of this study is to reveal form method of is sexually abused by a cleaning service who is learning sex education in Islamic . This is done so otherwise a victim of a sexual crime in her past. This proves that and other parents have information in providing sex that victims of sexual crimes can be sexual offenders if not education to children. This study use a qualitative approach addressed properly. Other facts, sexual crime cases always with the teachers and principles as key informant through increase every year. KPAI data in 2011 shows the number of interview and observation method. The results show that sex children who become victims of crime through education given through habituation, demonstration, picture of online media reaches 107 cases, increased to 188 cases in picture and talking (teachers with children) that are guided by 2016. Based on news from idntimes.com until February 2018, Islamic values. Conclusion is the provision of sex education to KPAI has received 223 complaints of . against make children better understand the values of good norms that the child [7]. apply around it. However, there is still less of variation of teaching models in the form of games for child sex learning. This should be anticipated by all parties concerned so that children do not become victims and perpetrators of sexual Keywords—sex learning, children, method deviations in accordance with the provisions of the Act No. RI Protection of Children. 35 year 2014 article 9 paragraph (1) as I. INTRODUCTION a change of Law no. 22 of 2002 which explains that every Lovegrove & Sherwin states that sex education is an child is entitled to protection in educational units of sexual and integral part of lifelong learning, started from the childhood violent crimes committed by educators, education personnel, and continue to the adult period [1]. This education very fellow learners or other parties. One form of child protection important given to children from early age with the aim that against sexual crimes is to provide early sex education [8]. children have protection against him, knowing good and bad This statement supported KPAI as child protection agency things that happen to his body and know how good attitude to said in a statement in viva.go.id "Indonesian Child Protection be shown in the social environment. Appropriate opinion that Commission (KPAI) urged the Ministry of Education and the sex education is an important thing to give to the individual Culture to incorporate early childhood sex education in school since their childhood as the preventive action of doing curricula [9]. It is believed to prevent acts of sexual violence immoral behavior happening now [2]. It is also supported by that occur in the environment of children and adolescents ". Hurlock that the development task that should be achieved by Provision of sex education in early childhood does not mean children during their childhood period is to learn about gender to teach children about sexual relations, but rather to provide and its procedure [3]. In addition, Freud stated that in the first good behavioral direction of the stages of development 18 months of human life an oral phase occurs, where the baby experienced by children about the body's functions, how to is centered around the mouth. Chewing, sucking, and biting care for his body, how he gets along healthy in his social are a source of child's pleasure [4]. environment and others which is guided by the values and But the problem of sex education is often considered norms associated in a particular . States that parents, by adults to talk about at early age. It is stated in the study that teachers, neighbors and all media have an important role in cultural surrounding many children to have knowledge child sex education and provide children with sex education about sexuality caused many mothers did not use the correct from birth [10]. anatomical name for the name of the genitals of both sexes of Based on the background of the problem , this research is children [5]. The consequences of improperly naming an very important to do, which will reveal the related method of anatomical child's body, allowing children to obtain false and learning sex for children aged 4-6 years, especially in incorrect sex information through other people and various kindergarten-based Islam. The results of this study can be media technologies such as television, the Internet, books, and useful both for teachers in other schools, and parents in games. This statement is consistent with the results of the educating their children about sex education. moreover the study, Wilson et al., in [6] in his journal that the abundance of country of Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the abuses about the potential of children using the internet world, so the results of this research will be very useful for exposed to sexual content is explicit or could be a sexual schools and parents of Muslims. Therefore, the method of predator. This can occur in the absence of filters and parental studying sex education needs to be expressed more deeply so assistance to children in consuming media technology. that parents and teachers have an overview in educating sex The lack of parental role in supervising the consumption education for children. This is because, according to Astuti, et of children's technology and the lack of knowledge-related al., [2] in his early research through interview conducted on knowledge of child protection in the sense of sex education March 20th, 2016 to the teachers of TK Perintis Pakem, can result in vulnerable children become victims and sexual Sleman Regency, they stated that they need more sex offenders. As concrete examples of child sexual offense cases education materials which can be used by the teachers as the seen from the case in kindergarten (TK) Jakarta International reference and knowledge. From the preliminary study it is School (JIS) in 2013. In such cases, where a 5 year old child known that the knowledge of teachers will materials of sex education is still less.

Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 330 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 296

But the study has not been able to completely overcome problems (such as sexual violence) [13]. The subject matter the obstacles of teachers in providing sex education in children of Aziz's sex education is not taught and is not subjected to because teachers do not know the method teaching that make subjects as well as teaching a concept, theory, procedure or children can understand the material. As for similar research fact in various other formal subjects, but developed and on school-based education programs for the prevention of applied practically [13]. In early childhood, sex education child sexual violence. but the study does not detail the materials should be provided by educators and parents by procedures and procedures. In this study will be more understanding children's curiosity, providing explanations in disclosed method in providing sex education for children accordance with cognitive abilities, responding honestly and especially those who are based on Islamic values. The proportionately, and can be integrated with other learning. limitations in this study have not been able to reveal the base However, the delivery of this material will not be effectively model of learning that play into sex education teaching. understood and accepted by the child if it is not followed by A. Method of Sex Education an effective adapted to the characteristics of the child. Sex education for children started from western As for Aziz, there are several teaching method in sex countries such as the America, etc. Many American education include : exemplary method, habituation method, started to offer sex education early binding method, and discuss method [13]. Whereas in(Walsh in the late 1960s, and Sweden implemented sex education for et al., 2018) the effective of strategy for Girls under the age all children and adolescents in the 1970s [11]). One form of of 12 years to avoid abuse is demanding to be left alone, sex education in the West with the existence of school-based saying they would tell someone, crying, saying they were programs, and the emergence of this program is considered scared, saying the they did not want to, and saying „„no‟‟ as an important primary prevention strategy in many [12]. Expected through various methods, children can countries. There is some evidence from cross-sectional, understand the material of sex education. This is because community-based studies conducted in the United States that according to Ilmawati in, Zahrulianingdyah that sex participation in school-based CSA prevention programs may education because it will influence their life when they are decrease the occurrence of CSA [12]. School sex education teenagers [14]. programs are usually the delivery of sex-related material that The rest of this paper is organized as follow: Section II is adjusted to the age of the child. describes the literature review. Section III describes the Content of sex education according Zhina & Dingchu in proposed methodology. Section IV presents the obtained [11], includes educating sexual knowledge and results and following by discussion. Finally, Section V cultivating healthy sexual psychology, sexual physiology concludes this work. knowledge education just tells children life origin, scientific names of male and female genital organs, and gender II. LITERATURE REVIEW differences of physiological structures and how to set up good This study is based on previous research by Walsh, et al., sex habits and protect their bodies; healthy in [12] on school-based education program for the prevention psychosexual cultivation is to help children form positive and of sexual violence in children aged 5-18 years. This research nice attitudes on sex, eliminate sexual mystery, prevent is a systematic review study, where the data collection is done sexual depression and sexual evil occurring, identify their by meta-analysis through the summaries of various research own genders, learn their gender roles in conformity to social journals and databases relevant to topics from various top-tier regulations and so on [11]. At the same time also revealed the countries such as America, east Asia, and Europe which results of his research related to sex education materials started in 2006-2014. The results of the meta-analysis show include that there are 6 sexual violence prevention efforts summarized (1) explaining to children that if there is something in the school children's learning from the ages of 5-18 years, annoys them they should reject or give resistance, (2) children including: (1). self-protection behavior skills, (2). Knowledge should be told about which parts of body that can be touched (based on questionnaires and sketches), (3). Storage protection and cannot be touched by other people though it is the family behavior from time to time, (4). Storage of knowledge from members, (3) children are sked to watch movie about self- time to time, (5). The dangerous form of anxiety and fear as a protection (to protect themselves if there is someone who parent or child, (6). Disclosure of CSA cases (child sexual touches their parts of body and takes them away), (4) children abuse) in the past and present. are asked to tell about what happens or to scream when they Although this research has shown various forms of sexual feel do not comfortable, (5) identifying the inappropriate prevention teaching in schools, but the explanation still less sexual behavior of others, (6) showing children posters or detail about the teaching method, only on efforts in behavioral pictures about sex education [2]. skills themselves. Therefore, based on limitations in previous Aziz includes Islamic-based sex education materials as studies. Researchers want to investigate further related follows : (1). Anatomical and physiological differences methods for learning sex for children aged 5-6 years. between men and women and their legal and social Moreover, this study will be held in Islamic-based consequences, (2). Circumcision for men and women, (3). kindergarten which is very different from the previous Attitude of masculinity and femininity, (4). Status of mahram participant situation. In addition, previous research refers to in the family, (5). Aurat, body care, ornamental and clothing, learning in middle to high country which has a very good (6). Same-sex and inter-sex relationship, (7). Sleeping and system, while researchers conduct research in developing chatting in the family, (8). Regarding countries in which the education system is also still in the improvement stage. Therefore, the results of this study will be such as , birth and breastfeeding, (9). Sexual

331 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 296

used as a comparison and reference in teaching methods of sex The role of gender in the social Picture of picture, talking, education as a form of prevention of sexual violence in 4. environment habituation, children . Limitation of intercourse between 5. children of the Habituation, talking, III. METHODOLOGY This section presents the proposed methodology. A. Self-protection A. Type of Studies Based on the research findings of this material has been We used the qualitative approach to reveal form method given a teacher of children, including an explanation on the of sex education learning in field. The data was collected child not to be willing to be persuaded strangers or who do through observation, interview, and documentation. The data not know to go, then action will be taken if anyone want to was analyzed through data reduction, display data and hurt the nakedness of a child or touches and holds 4 private verification data. The data was legitimation used credibility part of children ( lips, chest, genital area and buttocks) by test, transferability test, dependability test, and shouting as fast as possible and saying "please-help me" and confirmability test. quickly report to mama, papa, or Ustadzah. This material is given by teachers through conversations with children and B. Type of Participant direct demonstration of the way of resistance against people who want to do no good in children. Informants in this study were taken using purposive The provision of this material in the field according to the sampling technique or according to Sugiyono taken with curriculum of early childhood education in 2013 indicator certain considerations [15]. there is five of teacher a principle 4.4.1 for the age of 5-6 years which reads "able to protect as key informant. themselves from violent experiments, including sexual violence and bullying (eg by shouting or running) [16] In C. Type of Outcome Measure addition, Aziz said that since childhood explain to the child if there is a touch of the genitals unnoticed parents, then the In this study there are materials that are used in reference child should yell loudly and report to his parents [13] . Thus, to see the teaching methods of sex education. This material children can be protected against the rampant cases of sexual is tailored to the child's age in kindergarten i.e. age 4-6 years, violence and of the child. Meanwhile, The material as follows: according to Chomaria, if there are people who try to touch  Self-protection the child's body with an inappropriate touch, teach them to

 Parts of the body that can be touched and not touched shout and run from the person [17] . by others Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that  Toilet training early on the child needs to be taught how to protect himself  The role of gender in the social environment in case of attempted sexual violence by irresponsible people.  Limitation of intercourse between children of the As with shouting, running, and reporting to parents or people opposite sex who are trusted . The material can be used as a measure to express the form of teaching methods for sex education in Islamic-based B. Parts of the body that can be touched and not touched by kindergarten. others IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The material includes the introduction of 4 (four) aspects The results of this study indicate there are several methods of the private body of the mouth, the chest, the genitals and used by teachers in kindergarten-based Islam in Padang in the buttocks. The material is given by drawing by marking X providing sex education in children aged 5-6 years, including on a particular part or through a conversation accompanied through demonstration, talking, picture of picture, and by a teacher demonstration using hand gestures while habituation. This research data obtained from the observation, indicating 4 (four) private body parts and show the picture of interviews aimed at teachers and principals data also obtained body part. the teacher explains to the child that these 4 body through documentation of some documents. Then the results parts are personal bodies that should not be touched by of the data will triangulate with the three techniques others. (observation , interview, and documentation ) to formulate the Giving this material in the field in accordance with the final result. Here are the data of the research results in Table I opinion Chomaria that early on introduce body parts that below: should not be touched by anyone and is the most precious child's property [17] . That part is from the shoulders to the TABLE I. RESULT OF RESEARCH knees, let alone the child's genitals no one should see and touch them. In line with the above opinion Nugraha and No Material of learning Methods of learning Sonia state explain to the child that all members of the body covered in underwear are private parts [18]. This section 1. Self-protection Talking, demonstration Parts of the body that can be Talking, demonstration, should not be seen or touched by others and he may touch it 2. touched and not touched by others picture of picture only when it is finished urinating or large, and while bathing. Explain also to children that sometimes parents, doctors, or 3. Toilet training Talking, habituation nurses should touch this part but they must say the reason,

332 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 296

for example because this section should be treated. like habituation, picture of picture.Conversation or talking. Based on the above discussion can be concluded that the need for children since early introduced a private body part E. Limitation of intercourse between children of the that must be protected or not touched by others because it is opposite sex the child's personal rights most valuable. In addition, the The provision of this material is more about habituation provision of such materials aims to minimize the child avoid to children through separating children's seats, dividing the people who are not responsible. This material is given swimming time between boys and girls, differentiating toilet through pictures, demonstrations and conversations between use between men and women, distinguishing between places the child and the teacher. of eating between men and women, distinguishing their

ranks, differentiating bathing places and sleep of boys and C. Toilet training girls at full day children and familiarize children to play with The research findings are an explanation to the children their same-sex friends. And the, use the talking method too. about manner in bath, BAK and BAB way, teach toilet The subject matter of societal intercourse among the training and familiarize children using toilet without help. opposite sex in the field is in accordance with Aziz's theory With the toilet training at the beginning of school in general that one of the early childhood sex education materials he B grade children are able to use their own toilet without the expressed was about peer-to-person and inter-gender help of Ustadzah during the observation of researchers . relationships [13] . While according to Chomaria, since Teaching this material is done through teacher and child childhood, children should not be accustomed to being conversation and habituation for children to use their own touched by other types, for example to shake hands, give toilet, with the methods it, children can use toilet without kisses to others, ask for laps, coupled, and others [17] .This teacher help. needs to be familiarized so that children are accustomed to The provision of toilet training materials to children early the limit in interacting with other types. in accordance with Novi's opinion that teaching sex Based on the above discussion can be concluded that from education to children can begin by teaching children to clean an early age children need to be given social limits between their own genitals. the opposite sex in order to avoid interaction of the opposite [19] For example, teach children to clean their genitals sex who do not fit the norm later when they mature. The gift properly after urinating (BAK) and defecate (BAB). This of this material is more in the form methods of habituation, method is useful for children to be independent and not and through the conversation because sex education material dependent with others. This education also indirectly can does not have specific subjects in teaching but integrated with also teach children not to carelessly allow others to clean the other teaching. This material is based on Islamic teachings. genitals Based on the above discussion that toilet training is very V. CONCLUSION necessary to be taught in children so that children can learn This study concludes there are 4 learning methods in independently and live clean, able to clean the genitals after providing sex education material used by teachers in Islamic- the BAK and BAB, and instill in him that should not be based kindergarten. Learning methods include picture of arbitrary people holding the genitals. So that way can avoid picrture, demonstration, conversation/talking and children from sexual ual crimes that can happen anytime. habituation. The sex education material given to children is Learning methods which used is conversation between child self protection, body parts that can be touched and should not and teacher and habituation through daily activities. be touched by others, toilet training, gender roles in the social environment, and the boundaries of child interaction between D. The role of gender in the social environment the opposite sex learning is carried out based on Islamic religious values. But this research still has limitations, where Sex education material is provided through various in teaching sex to children is still lacking in the form of a methods such as identification of men's and women's game model. clothing through pictures. After that, through habituation method where use clothes at school, where boys wear pants REFERENCES and women wear headscarves and skirts. Learning is also [1] Lovegrove, B., & Sherwin, J. (2013). Sex . Belvoir done female teachers exemplify how a woman's attitude, High School. whether from sitting, dress, and others. While for man-men [2] Astuti, B., Sugiyatno, S., & Aminah, S. (2017). The development of exemplified by the school staff like the driver of the dress. early childhood sex education materials for early childhood education Conversations are also done by teachers and children to tell (ECE) teachers. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, children about gender roles, such as talk about work that 4(2), 113–120. women and men often do. [3] Hurlock, E. B., Istiwidayanti, Sijabat, R. M., & Soedjarwo. (2009). The provision of habituation methods on gender role Psikologi perkembangan: Suatu pendekatan sepanjang rentang kehidupan. Erlangga, Jakarta material in the field is considered as a step for educators or parents to familiarize all activities related to sex education, [4] Santrock, John W. (2007). Perkembangan Anak. Jakarta: Erlangga such as familiarizing children to cover genitals [13]. Aziz [5] Martin, K. A., & Torres, J. M. C. (2014). Where did I come from? US parents‟ and preschool children‟s participation in sexual socialisation. stated that through habituation children will have an Sex Education, 14(2), 174–190. awareness of themselves. Based on the research, in this material used method

333 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 296

[6] Wilson, E. K., Dalberth, B. T., Koo, H. P., & Gard, J. C. (2010). Parents‟ Perspectives on Talking to Preteenager Children About Sex. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 42(1), 56–63. [7] https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/linda/223-kasus- kekerasan-seksual-anak-dalam-dua-bulan-terakhir-1/full [8] Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak. [9] http://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/777372-kpai-minta-penerapan- pendidikan-seks-usia-dini-segera. Diakses tanggal 30 november 2017 [10] Kurtuncu, M., Akhan, L. U., Tanir, İ. M., & Yildiz, H. (2015). The Sexual Development and Education of Preschool Children: Knowledge and Opinions from Doctors and Nurses. , 33(2), 207–221. [11] Zhina, C., & Dingchu, W. (2013). A review of sex education for preschool children in mainland China from 1992 to 2012. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(2), 12–18. [12] Walsh, K., Zwi, K., Woolfenden, S., & Shlonsky, A. (2018). School- Based Education Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse: A Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(1), 33–55. [13] Aziz, S. 2015. Pendidikan Seks Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Yogyakarta: Gava Media [14] Zahrulianingdyah, A. (2015). Reproductive model in early childhood through education film “Damar Wulan.” Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 184–189. [15] Sugiyono. 2008. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta Kurikulum PAUD 2013 [16] Chomaria, N. 2012. Pendidikan Seks Untik Anak. Solo: Aqwam Jembatan Ilmu [17] Nugraha, B.D. dan Wibisono, S. 2016. Adik Bayi Datang Dari Mana? A-Z Pendidikan Seks Usia Dini. Jakarta: Noura Books [18] Novi, B. 2015. Tanya Jawab Seputar . Yogyakarta: FlashBooks

334