Mission 02

Who we are, What we do 03

Reports Chairman's Report 04 Executive Director's Report 06 Garvan Research Foundation Chairman's Report 08

Professor John Mattick 10

Garvan at a Glance Organisation Chart 13 Patent Portfolio by Category 14 Scientific Publications 14 Philanthropic Support 14 Staff Profile 15 Operating Income 15 Peer Reviewed Grant Income 15 Research Collaborations 17

Research Highlights 19

Research Programs & Initiatives Cancer Program 20 The Kinghorn Cancer Centre 28 Diabetes & Obesity Program 30 Diabetes Vaccine Development Centre 36 Immunology Program 38 Neuroscience Program 44 Professor Peter Croucher 50 Osteoporosis & Bone Biology 52

Core Research Facilities 57

Management Highlights 58

Business Development 59

Garvan Community Life Governors 61 Partners for the Future 61 Volunteers 62 Garvan Supporters 62 Garvan Gala Supporters 65 Bequests 65

Governance Garvan Institute 67 Garvan Research Foundation 70

Publications 73

Financial Highlights Income Statement 85 Balance Sheet 86 Garvan Research Foundation Statement of Funds 87 Garvan's mission is to make significant contributions to medical research that will change the directions of science and medicine and have major impacts on human health. Garvan strives to enhance and develop research programs that combine fundamental science with strong clinical interactions. The Garvan Institute of Medical Research Significant breakthroughs have been is a world leader in its field, pioneering achieved by Garvan scientists in the study into some of the most widespread understanding and treatment of diseases diseases affecting our community today. such as: Research at Garvan is focused upon understanding the role of genes in health _ Cancer and disease as the basis for developing _ Diabetes and obesity future cures. _ Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease _ Osteoporosis _ Arthritis and asthma _ Pituitary disorders

Garvan's ultimate goal is prevention and cure of these major diseases. 2011 2011 was a milestone year for Garvan, with the retirement of Professor John Shine after 21 years as Executive Director and announcement of his successor, internationally acclaimed molecular geneticist, Professor John Mattick. I am also very pleased to report that Garvan continued its excellent record of research success in 2011, as measured by grants, publication impacts, national and international awards, and for that we are justly proud of our faculty and staff.

Construction of The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, our exciting joint venture with St Vincent's Hospital, is on track for formal completion mid 2012. It promises to make a major contribution to Garvan's vision of translational research and delivery of personalised health care based on detailed knowledge of individual patient genetic makeup.

Financial Performance Garvan's operating income grew to approximately $51m in 2011 from $41m the previous year. Philanthropic support through the Garvan Research Foundation, essential for providing critical equipment and facilitating new initiatives, continued to be strong, with over $6.1m in general and specific grants contributed to research programs and almost $3.6m into the long term endowment fund of the Institute.

Our People Garvan has been very well served for many years by the commitment and counsel of an outstanding board of directors. During 2011, our long serving Treasurer, Martin Hoffman, retired from the Board, as did Nicholas Curtis AM, past Chairman of St Vincent's Hospital. I would like to record the Board's appreciation for the outstanding contributions made by Martin and Nick. Warren Scott was appointed as the incoming Treasurer and Chair of the Finance and Audit Committee. We welcomed two new Board members — Daniel Petre AO and Annette Pantle, both of whom will bring important new skills and experience to our endeavours.

Many Garvan researchers were distinguished with prizes and awards during 2011, which are listed under each research program. Among these, the Cancer Institute NSW presented the 2011 Premier's Fellow of the Year Award to Dr Alex Swarbrick and the 2011 Premier's Scholar of the Year Award to Dr David Chang.

Of special note was the award to Professor John Shine of the inaugural Peter Wills Medal, created by Research Australia “to recognise an outstanding contribution to building Australia's national and international reputation in the realm of health and medical research”. Given Peter Wills' contributions to Australian medical research, including his role as Garvan Chairman, it was particularly satisfying that Professor Shine was selected as the inaugural recipient.

Medical Research Reviews Recognising the importance of health and medical research to a cost effective and world leading health care system, during 2011 both Federal and NSW State governments initiated reviews to examine the structure and funding of medical research. These reviews (on both of which Garvan is represented) provide an important opportunity to address the ever-increasing equipment, resourcing and infrastructure costs that come with the exciting rate of change and amazing possibilities presented by today's medical research.

04 CHAIRMAN’S REPORT Garvan, along with the rest of the medical research sector has been invited to make submissions to these important reviews. Garvan has and will continue to make a strong case for the expansion of the National Health and Medical Research Council funding program and for improvement in State Government support for research.

Looking Ahead There will be many challenges and exciting opportunities in the year ahead as Garvan continues to grow and as our commitment to translate our research discoveries into meaningful improvements in health care is significantly enhanced with completion of The Kinghorn Cancer Centre.

Our ability to integrate teaching, research and clinical translation on our expanding Darlinghurst campus has never been stronger, and the links with and support from our key stakeholders, St Vincents and Mater Health and University of NSW, will be increasingly important to our ambitions.

With additional government support, as well as community engagement, the Board is confident that Garvan will continue to have a major impact on human health, particularly as we focus on integration with health care delivery.

At last year's AGM I spoke of the extraordinary contribution made by Professor Shine to medical research worldwide. On behalf of our faculty and staff, our stakeholders and supporters, I thanked John for his outstanding leadership of the Garvan over the last 21 years.

I wish to repeat my appreciation and thanks to John for agreeing to stay at the helm right through 2011 as we completed our worldwide search for his successor.

And this year I enthusiastically welcome Professor John Mattick to his first AGM as Director of the Garvan. Professor Mattick takes over the reins at a most exciting time for the organisation, as well as for medical research. I know that his exceptional research record and interests, combined with his experience and passion, will accelerate Garvan's delivery of mission… to significantly improve the health care and quality of life for all.

Bill Ferris AC Chairman Garvan Institute of Medical Research

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 05 An exciting new chapter begins for Garvan with the appointment of the next Director, Professor John Mattick, following an extensive international search. John has pioneered the area of gene structure and regulation, being among the first to demonstrate that the so called “junk” regions of our DNA in fact encode important small RNA genes critical for the ordered regulation of gene expression. This has critical importance for a wide range of life processes — from balanced brain function to orderly development from a fertilised egg to a complex adult.

Professor Mattick's appointment will also strengthen the Institute's commitment to translational research initiatives. John's leadership in this area will ensure that the latest breakthroughs in gene analyses are rapidly applied to development of new specific individualised treatments.

2011 was also another very productive year for Garvan in terms of significant research findings, success in obtaining competitive grants and growth in the number of papers accepted for publication in prestigious international journals. We published over 200 peer reviewed research papers, the top 80% in journals with an average impact factor >8. This remains above internationally accepted benchmark levels and is testament to the excellence and commitment of our researchers. I encourage everyone interested in Garvan's research and related activities to view the excellent news summaries which are regularly updated on our website www.garvan.org.au.

Research publication productivity was matched by success in applications for competitive grants. Overall peer reviewed grant funding was approximately $29.5m, including $18.5m from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Our Cancer, Immunology and Diabetes and Obesity Programs all have successful NHMRC program grants, which provide the capacity for longer term strategic planning of our research effort. Of particular note this year was the announcement that Dr Greg Neely's project grant application ranked amongst the top in the country and received the 2011 NHMRC Marshall and Warren Award for most potentially transformative research. This outcome is a strong endorsement of our commitment to support young faculty members, often working on very ambitious and novel projects.

Osteoporosis and Bone Research The Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program was restructured and strengthened during 2011 with the appointment of a new leader, Professor Peter Croucher from the UK, as the inaugural Chair in Osteoporosis Research funded by Mrs Janice Gibson and the Ernest Heine Foundation. Professor Croucher, an international leader in osteoporosis, also has a strong interest in the spread of cancer to bone, providing an exciting link to our expanded cancer research in The Kinghorn Cancer Centre.

After 27 years, Professor John Eisman, the founding leader of the Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, moves to a new role as Garvan's Director of Clinical Translation and Advanced Education. This novel development, championed by Professor Eisman, has its initial focus in osteoporosis and is aimed at streamlining the application of new basic and clinical knowledge to clinical care in the community and more efficient and cost- effective health care.

Garvan will be running awareness-raising seminars about 'bone failure', with separate sessions for members of the public and general medical practitioners. The program, known as Health Education for Longer Life in Osteoporosis (HELLO) had its inaugural sessions on 26 and 27 November when Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC, Governor General of Australia, officially launched the initiative.

06 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT Our People Staff numbers across the organisation grew to a total of 575 with significant growth in all our major research programs, reflecting ongoing success in competitive grant applications for new and existing projects. Consistent with its role in international medical research, 65 different countries are represented in Garvan's research community. During 2011, many Garvan researchers received international recognition for their contributions to medical research, including prestigious awards, fellowships and invitations to present their work at major conferences. These are detailed in each of the research program reports. Campus Developments An active member of the St Vincent's Campus, Garvan values its historic and ongoing close association with St Vincent's Hospital and its commitment to the values of the Sisters of Charity.

With recent agreement between Federal and State Governments to reform the hospital system, Garvan is working even more actively with our campus partners, St Vincent's and Mater Health and the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, to ensure that the community is well aware of the close integration of research, education, clinical care and regional outreach represented on the St Vincent's campus.

As this is my final report as Executive Director, I take the opportunity to thank the Board, all the scientific and administrative staff and our many donors for their support, commitment and excellence over the past 21 years. The many achievements of the Institute during this period have only been possible through the teamwork and personal efforts of everyone involved with the Garvan — it has truly been a great privilege to have stewardship of the institute during a time of amazing progress in medical research. 2012 The upcoming years promise much for Garvan, with the addition of approximately 250 new researchers in The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, expansion of our Neuroscience, Immunology and Diabetes and Obesity Programs, and consolidation of the long-running translational research activities emanating from the Osteoporosis Study based in Dubbo. Such expansion places extra pressure on our already minimal infrastructure resources — a challenge that the Board and staff are committed to overcoming.

During 2012 under John Mattick's leadership, I have no doubt that Garvan will remain clearly focused on elucidating the fundamental basis of disease, as well as driving the translation of research discoveries into new and improved ways to prevent and treat the major diseases that challenge our society.

John Shine AO FAA Executive Director Garvan Institute of Medical Research

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT 07 The Garvan Research Foundation had a very successful year in 2011. In a period that experienced a high degree of international financial uncertainty, it is a tribute to the quality of the research undertaken at Garvan that we continued to receive strong support from a broad section of the community.

In addition to our valued regular givers we received several major gifts, including a commitment from Ms Jane Hemstritch and Team Phil to establish the Philip Hemstritch Pancreatic Cancer Research Fellowship for three years, continued generous support from the Ross Trust for our Type 1 diabetes research and an incredibly generous gift of $2m from the Petre Foundation to support the establishment of an endowed chair in prostate cancer, in partnership with the University of Sydney.

In late 2011 we welcomed Professor Peter Croucher as the new leader of Garvan's Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program, thanks to the tremendous support of Mrs Janice Gibson and Ernest Heine Family Foundation.

Importantly, income from bequests grew in 2011, which is vital for the ongoing security of Garvan. These funds are directed to our endowment fund to ensure that Garvan is well positioned to meet increasing demand on infrastructure and to seize unique recruitment opportunities.

Work on supporting The Kinghorn Cancer Centre continued throughout 2011 with a range of events to mark key building milestones. Events were held with our key supporters, including The Kinghorn Cancer Centre patron and cancer survivor, Delta Goodrem, as well as a special roof top event with Jill and John Kinghorn, and their fellow visionaries, to mark the midpoint of the construction.

A highlight of the year was our inaugural Garvan Gala Dinner. Over 300 people attended a memorable evening at Byron Kennedy Hall, Fox Studios, to acknowledge the almost two decades of outstanding leadership by retiring Garvan Executive Director, Professor John Shine. My sincere thanks to the individuals and organisations that supported this event.

The Young Garvan Committee continued to work tirelessly to raise the profile of Garvan among a younger demographic and to raise funds for the Young Garvan Fellowship. As well as three well-attended forums at Garvan, the Committee co-ordinated its highly successful All Ribbons Ball, attracting more than 400 guests who saw the Young Garvan Fellowship awarded to Dr Ebru Boslem. Dr Boslem is using the award to further her research into Type 2 diabetes, as part of Garvan's Diabetes and Obesity Research Program.

08 GARVAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHAIRMAN’S REPORT Garvan was also the beneficiary of a number of community events, including participants in Sydney's City2Surf and Run Melbourne who chose Garvan as the recipient of the funds they raised. Activities like these achieve two goals for Garvan – raising considerable funds and promoting general awareness about the need and value of medical research.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank my fellow Directors for their support. We were delighted to welcome Dr Jeanne-Claude Strong to the Board in December as she brings to the Board a range and wealth of experience that will be invaluable.

We also welcomed Andrew Giles to the role of Chief Executive Officer of the Foundation. With a long career leading substantial not-for-profit organisations in Australia, Andrew is well-placed to continue to grow the Garvan Research Foundation.

Andrew is ably supported by his small, highly professional team of Gabriella Lang, Dimity Raftos, Janice Lam, Mimy Long, Mona Saade, Carol O'Carroll and Pip Margan. In 2011 Dianne Lavender went on maternity leave and was replaced by Kylie Ironside. Kylie Sherwood-Kelly and Mara-Jean Tilley joined the team, replacing Dr Anita Townsend and Georgie Le Poer Trench respectively.

To all of our wonderful and generous supporters – thank you for your ongoing commitment to Garvan's work.

Geoff Dixon Chairman Garvan Research Foundation

GARVAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 09 aO F FRCPA | Execive Direor gArvAn Ini | from 2012

Garvan welcomed incoming Executive Director, Professor John Mattick AO FAA FRCPA, in early January 2012. Prior to his appointment, Professor Mattick was based at the University of Queensland for 23 years, where he was the foundation director of the world-renowned Institute for Molecular Bioscience and the Australian Genome Research Facility.

A visionary in his field, Professor Mattick has changed our view of the function of the majority of the human genome, which had previously been regarded as “junk DNA”. He challenged the scientific establishment in the mid-1990s with his then-radical theories about the vast tracts of DNA which do not code for proteins, but which are copied into RNA.

Until questioned, the so-called central dogma of molecular biology had been that 'DNA makes RNA makes protein' and therefore that genes specified proteins through the intermediate of RNA. That assumption reflected the highly mechanical view of the world that existed in the 1950s and 1960s, and while it was largely true for bacteria and other simple organisms, it was not true for people. As it turned out, only a tiny fraction - around 1.5% - of the human genome encodes proteins. Much of the rest produces RNA that does not code for proteins. Professor Mattick's breakthrough came when he realised that another layer of information was being expressed by the genome, and that the non-coding RNAs form a massive and previously unrecognised regulatory network that controls human growth and differentiation, from a single fertilised cell to the hundred trillion cells that form the myriad of organs, muscles and bones in the adult.

The science community now realises that the genome is extraordinarily complex, and the deeper we drill down, the more surprises we find. Indeed, what was dismissed as junk because it was not understood almost certainly holds the secret to understanding human development and cognition. It is also likely to hold the secret to understanding many complex diseases.

Professor Mattick studied at the University of Sydney and Monash University, and subsequently undertook postdoctoral training at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. He then spent seven years with the CSIRO Division of Molecular Biology in Sydney, before moving to the University of Queensland in 1988 to take up the Foundation Chair of Molecular Biology. He has also spent sabbatical periods at the Universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Cologne and Strasbourg. His honours and awards include the Biotechnology Medal of the Australian Biochemical Society, Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, the Australian Government Centenary Medal, the inaugural University of Strasbourg Gutenberg Professorship, the IUBMB (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) Medal and most recently the Chen Award 2012 for Distinguished Academic Achievement in Human Genetic and Genomic Research (awarded by the Human Genome Organisation). He is an Associate Member of EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organisation) and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. Professor Mattick was appointed an Officer in the Order of Australia in 2001.

PROFESSOR JOHN MATTICK 11

Organisation Chart 2011

Board Committees _ Business Development Advisory _ Finance & Audit _ Investment _ Remuneration

Institute Committees _ Executive Research _ Appointments & Promotions _ Scientific Advisory Council _ Common Users of Building Equipment (CUBE) _ Higher Degrees _ Information Technology _ OH&S Consultation _ Operations Advisory _ Seminar Program

Australian BioResources _ Board _ Advisory

Diabetes Vaccine Development Centre _ Board _ Scientific Advisory

St Vincent’s Research Precinct (SVRP) Committees _ Animal Ethics _ Human Research Ethics _ Institutional Biosafety _ SVRP Management _ SVRP OH&S

Garvan is a partner in the CRCs for Asthma and Biomedical Imaging Development. Garvan is a shareholder in the spin-out company G2 Therapies Ltd.

GARVAN AT A GLANCE 13 Patent Portfolio by Category

Portfolio Percentage Number of Patents Drug discovery tools 5% 1 Therapeutic 19% 4 New treatments 19% 4 Diagnostics 24% 5 Therapeutic target 33% 7

250

225 Scientific Publications

223 200 Impact factor of scientific publications 203 175 Each paper published constitutes a new piece of knowledge, and scientists aim to 185 Number of Publications 176 publish in the most highly regarded journal in their area of research. Each journal 150 151 153 has an “impact factor” which is a common measure of its relative importance 125 within a specific discipline. Research organisations use “average impact factor” 100 measurements to determine the overall significance of their research output. For

75 example, in 2011 Garvan achieved an “average impact factor” of 8 for the top 80% of its publications. This is a very respectable tally, well above the 50 international benchmark. 25

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

7 Philanthropic Support 6

Income $ Mil Income Total Income* Donations are particularly important in 5 two respects: $4,158,000 _ They provide seed funding for novel 4 $5,370,000 work, which may not attract other support for several years 3 $6,382,000 _ They fund core items of equipment that are typically not covered by 2 $4,064,000 research grants 1 $5,446,000 * Excluding bequests and contributions to the construction cost of The Kinghorn Cancer Centre. 0 $5,969,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

14 GARVAN AT A GLANCE 600 Staff Profile

575 Demographics 500 Staff Breakdown 2010 2011

504 505 _ Average age 36 years 11 months

Number of Staff Researchers 290 329 488 _ Researchers from over 65 countries 400 Students 86 106 433 _ Research staff 44% male, 56% female 403 Scientific Facility Staff 77 83 300 Secretarial & Admin 39 40 Foundation 10 14 200 DVDC 3 3

100 Total 505 575

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Operating Income One of the major challenges facing successful research institutes 2011 $51 Million* around Australia remains the “gap” between the total costs of doing Peer reviewed grants 58% research and the funding provided Donations 12% by competitive research grants. For every dollar of research funding NSW Government 8% awarded, another 70 cents is Industry partners 1% required to carry out the research. Other income 21% * Excludes donations for construction of The Kinghorn Cancer Centre.

35 Peer Reviewed Grant Income

30 $000 $000 Income $000 Income Year NHMRC Other 25 2006 13,832 8,184 20 2007 16,682 8,530 15 2008 18,695 9,159 10 2009 19,094 11,061

5 2010 16,637 10,232 0 2011 18,574 10,896 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

GARVAN AT A GLANCE 15

Research Collaborations

GARVAN AT A GLANCE 17

_ Identified the cytokine (chemical messenger) _ In collaboration with the University of Auckland, IL-21 as the main driver of successful antibody identified potential new cancer therapeutics that responses in people. inhibit the metabolism of glucose and so target the abnormal energy metabolism that fuels _ Determined the genetic defect in the cytotoxic tumour growth. immune cells (killer T cells) of patients with a particular immunodeficiency that renders them _ Identified a panel of genes, from ovarian cancer defenceless when infected with the Epstein- patients, which may be suitable candidates for the Barr virus. development of a new blood-based diagnostic test for ovarian cancer. _ Showed that the EBI2 receptor was responsible for previously unexplained movements of B cells _ Developed novel epigenetic sequencing during an immune response. technologies and bioinformatics tools to unravel the layers of chemical change that affect the _ Identified a new subset of T cells that home to ways in which genes behave, and demonstrated the gut and are involved in the induction of which sections of the genome are commonly autoimmunity. 'activated', or 'switched on', in prostate cancer. This work provides new diagnostic markers for _ Discovered a new pain receptor required for prostate cancer and provides a new mechanism thermal pain sensation, conserved from flies to for cancer-specific gene activation. humans, further highlighting pain perception as an ancient process conserved through evolution. _ Sequenced the genomes of >100 pancreatic cancers as part of the International Cancer _ Detailed the skeletal actions of the major Genome Consortium and developed the most circulating member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) detailed landscape of mutations and genomic family, PYY. These studies may shed new light on rearrangements yet available for pancreatic cancer. our understanding of anorexia nervosa. _ Demonstrated that fat accumulation in the liver, in _ Conducted the first study of long-term oral response to a high fat diet, depends on the action treatment to alter NPY signalling in living animals. of an enzyme, which can be targeted to improve The drug BIBO2234 inhibits an NPY receptor, insulin action. leading to a significant increase in bone mass, without adverse side effects. _ Identified Id1 as a novel inhibitor of insulin secretion and beta cell differentiation. _ Demonstrated significant biochemical change (hyperphosphorylation) of a GSK3 target, a _ Demonstrated that increasing the amount of a protein called CRMP2, specifically in the brains of transcriptional co-activator can up-regulate Alzheimer's disease patients, but not in other mitochondrial metabolism and alleviate fat- forms of dementia. This appears to occur early in induced insulin resistance. the disease process and has the potential to be a biomarker for early and specific detection of _ Noted an extraordinary and unexpected benefit Alzheimer's disease. of osteoporosis treatment - that people taking bisphosphonates are not only surviving well, _ Demonstrated that a molecule known as better than people without osteoporosis, they 'hedgehog' helps breast cancer cells survive by appear to be gaining an extra five years of life. communicating their needs to the healthy cells that surround them. Hedgehog-blocking drugs (in _ Identified novel chromosomal regions that harbor trial for other cancers) offer a potential therapy osteoporosis genes as part of international for breast cancer. collaborations using genome-wide analysis advanced technology.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS 19

Ao fª rהLder | PrOfeor Rob S

Clinical Associate _ Identified a panel of genes, from ovarian cancer Professor Sandra O'Toole Program Summary (top middle) is a clinical Although derived from normal cells, cancer cells patients, which may be suitable candidates for the researcher at Garvan as have distinctive features that can be exploited to development of a new blood-based diagnostic well as a pathologist at test for ovarian cancer. Royal Prince Alfred aid diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention. Hospital, Camperdown. To do this, we need to know much more about the She researches the fundamental processes that govern cell behaviour: _ Developed novel epigenetic sequencing 'hedgehog' protein with technologies and bioinformatics tools to unravel Garvan researcher Dr their division, their survival, their motility and their Alex Swarbrick. They have differentiation into complex tissue structures. With the layers of chemical change that affect the shown that hedgehog sits this knowledge we will be better able to stop the ways in which genes behave, and demonstrated at the centre of which sections of the genome are commonly intracellular cross talk in formation, spread and early growth of cancers. breast cancer, transmitting 'activated', or 'switched on', in prostate cancer. biochemical signals As well as basic research into genomics/epigenomics This work provides new diagnostic markers for between the cancer cells prostate cancer and provides a new mechanism and healthy cells. When and the cellular and molecular biology of cancer, the this conversation is Cancer Program has six translational research for cancer-specific gene activation. blocked - or hedgehog is 'silenced' - tumours shrink groups that study a number of the most commonly and stop their spread. diagnosed and most lethal cancers: breast, colorectal _ Showed that lower-than-normal expression of the (bowel), lung, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate. MCC gene, as observed in a subset of colorectal A/Prof O'Toole cancers, may underlie the development of cancer collaborates with because it is required for cells to migrate. Healthy oncologists Dr Catriona Research Highlights McNeil and A/Prof Jane cells in the gut need migration capacity in order to _ Demonstrated that a molecule known as Beith (pictured centre move to the colon surface and heal damage and bottom rows 'hedgehog' helps breast cancer cells survive by caused by harmful dietary agents or drugs. respectively), both of communicating their needs to the healthy cells whom work at Royal that surround them. Hedgehog-blocking drugs Prince Alfred Hospital. _ Developed a database of "network modules", (in trial for other cancers) offer a potential groups of densely interconnected proteins with therapy for breast cancer. functional associations, which help us understand how cellular processes are perturbed in cancer. _ Discovered that although breast cancer cells which overexpress cell cycle gene cyclin E2 are _ Sequenced the genomes of >100 pancreatic resistant to endocrine therapy and drugs inhibiting cancers as part of the International Cancer cell cycle kinase CDK4, cyclin E2 can be targeted Genome Consortium and developed the most with other cell cycle inhibitors (CDK2). This detailed landscape of mutations and genomic suggests the alternative cell cycle inhibitors should rearrangements yet available for pancreatic cancer. be studied further as potential therapies in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. _ Demonstrated that a simple histopathology test, Gleason grade at a positive surgical margin, _ Identified two potential drug targets, the proteins identifies prostate cancer patients who are likely Lyn and SgK269, which promote proliferation and to benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. migration of cancer cells in the particularly aggressive basal-like breast cancer.

_ In collaboration with the University of Auckland, identified potential new cancer therapeutics that inhibit the metabolism of glucose and so target the abnormal energy metabolism that fuels tumour growth.

CANCER PROGRAM 21 People Highlights Basic Cancer Research machinery and how control over the cell _ Professor Andrew Biankin and Clinical cycle is lost in breast cancer cells. Our Associate Professor Sandra O'Toole were Apoptosis Research Group current work concentrates on the cell made Founding Fellows of the Faculty of Group Leader: Dr Alison Butt cycle genes c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin Science of The Royal College of Apoptosis (cell death) is a physiological E2, all of which are targeted by oestrogen Pathologists of Australasia. process of cell removal that plays a critical and are overexpressed in breast cancer. In role in the development of cancers and collaboration with the Steroid Hormone _ Dr David Chang was awarded the NSW how they respond to treatment. Action and Breast Cancer groups we are Premier's Award for Outstanding Oestrogen not only causes breast cancer searching for new genes that might link Research Scholar 2011, the Pfizer cells to proliferate but it also protects oestrogen action with the cell cycle and Oncology International Studentship Award them from apoptosis. We are that could be involved in resistance of 2011, the ASCO Cancer Foundation investigating how this occurs and are certain breast cancers to the anti- Merit Award 2011 and an Early Career identifying the genes that might regulate oestrogen tamoxifen. We have recently Development Award from NHMRC. this process. We are also using new found that cyclin E2 is one such gene. technologies to determine the differences We are continuing this work using _ Dr Alex Swarbrick and Professor Andrew between breast cancer cells that are transcriptome and epigenome data from Biankin were promoted to the Garvan sensitive, and those that are resistant, to experimental models and clinical samples Faculty. tamoxifen at the protein level. Such together with functional genomics. We studies will enable us to understand how are also using functional genomics to find _ Professor Liz Musgrove had her Career these proteins may influence the way genetic events specific to particular Fellowship from the Cancer Institute anti-oestrogens such as tamoxifen can cancer subtypes that can be targeted NSW renewed for a further three years. effectively kill breast cancer cells. therapeutically. Together with the Breast Cancer Group, _ New recruits Drs Andrew Burgess, James we are also examining whether these Development Group Rae and Eric Collisson were awarded proteins are aberrantly expressed in breast Group Leader: Associate Professor Future Research Leader grants from the cancers, and if they can predict how Chris Ormandy Cancer Institute NSW while Drs David patients will respond to tamoxifen Development of the mammary gland Chang, Elizabeth Iorns and Tim Molloy treatment. Such work could, ultimately, occurs in defined stages that are were awarded Early Career Fellowships. lead to the development of more governed by the hormones that regulate effective and 'tailored' therapies for breast reproductive events. We hypothesise that _ Professor Susan Clark was elected cancer patients. genes controlling normal mammary President of the Australian Epigenome development can become mutated or Alliance, the Australian Member and Cancer Bioinformatics Group deregulated in breast cancer and thus Representative of the Asian Epigenome Group Leader: Dr Jianmin Wu contribute to the disease process. We Alliance, and appointed to the Steering High-throughput technologies accelerate have discovered that the transcription Group Committee of the International the screening of potential biomarkers and factor Elf5 controls the development of Human Epigenome Consortium. therapeutic targets for cancer and other the mammary gland during pregnancy and diseases, however, how to detect signals also regulates the proliferation and _ Members of the Program were awarded from the high dimension of screening data function of breast cancer cells. We are >$15M of new research grants for poses a significant challenge. Our group investigating how Elf5 exerts these 2012-2015. focuses on developing and applying effects to provide a way to therapeutically different computational and statistical target this mechanism. We have placed _ Several senior members of the Program methods to solve these problems. Elf5 downstream of progestin signalling convened the 5th PacRim Breast and Recently, in collaboration with the via regulation by RankL. This year four Prostate Cancer Conference from 3-7 Pancreatic Cancer and Signal Transduction papers in Nature, including one to which May, 2011 and served on national Groups, we are undertaking integrative we contributed, established the RankL grant review panels including NHMRC, analysis of multidimensional “-omics” mechanism as the key to understanding Cancer Australia, the Cancer Council datasets generated by deep sequencing the role of exogenous progestin use in the NSW, the National Breast Cancer of the cancer genome and profiling of the promotion of breast cancer. Foundation and the Prostate Cancer transcriptome, epigenome and proteome, Foundation of Australia. with the aim of identifying candidate Epigenetics Group driver mutations and pathway aberrations Group Leader: Professor Susan Clark _ Drs Goli Samimi and Ilse Rooman were in pancreatic cancer. We have also Cancer cells can modify the expression of given conjoint senior lecturer developed a database and numerous tools critical cancer genes independently of the appointments in St Vincent's Hospital to study how potential candidates DNA sequence, using epigenetic Clinical School, University of NSW, and cooperate in a network context, utilizing biochemical processes including DNA Maija Kohonen-Corish was appointed a publicly available protein interaction data. methylation, histone modification and Conjoint Associate Professor at the aberrant expression of non-coding RNA. University of Western Sydney. Cell Cycle Group Our research focuses on understanding Group Leader: Professor Liz Musgrove the mechanism that triggers epigenetic Female steroid hormones like oestrogen change between normal and cancer cells. strongly influence cell reproduction in the We have developed state of the art breast. We are particularly interested in genome-wide sequencing methods to how these hormones act on the cell cycle map epigenomic changes during early

22 CANCER PROGRAM

cancer development and have discovered that Steroid Hormone Action Group epigenetic changes can take place not only in single Group Leader: Professor Rob Sutherland AO FAA genes, but also occur across very large regions of Our research aims to determine and characterise DNA during the spread of cancer. These changes the genes that mediate the actions of the sex include both regional gains and loss of epigenetic steroid hormones oestrogen, progesterone, and marks associated with regional changes in gene and androgens in steroid-responsive cancers (breast, non-decoding RNA expression. Using epigenome prostate and ovarian). These constitute a third of all sequencing technology we have discovered novel newly diagnosed cancers. In collaboration with the tumour "signatures" for cancer diagnosis as well as Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Groups we have identified potential targets for cancer therapy. We are now and are characterising a number of steroid- trying to determine which epigenetic changes are regulated genes involved in the control of cell specific to breast and prostate cancer and the proliferation, cell differentiation and cell death in Alice Boulghourjian (top) sequence of events that trigger these changes so breast cancer. Several of these genes and their Manager of Garvan's that we can try to reverse the process. This is a cognate gene networks contribute to the Histology Facility, large and complex project and our work forms part development of resistance to common endocrine preparing slides of mouse mammary tumour. The of the international effort on unravelling the human therapies (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) for slides are stained to cancer epigenome. breast cancer. In partnership with the Breast and reveal the structure of Prostate Cancer Groups and the Cancer Therapeutics the tissue, including abnormalities. Biomarker Pancreatic Carcinogenesis Group Development Laboratory we have demonstrated that information can also be Group Leader: Dr Ilse Rooman some of these genes are new markers of cancer obtained from the slides. Our team is focused on identifying key drivers and progression and response to therapy and novel targets A/Prof Sandra O'Toole biomarkers of pancreatic cancer through studying for the development of new cancer therapies. with Research Assistant the earliest changes in the exocrine tissue (how a Anaiis Zaratzian. normal pancreas cell is turned into a cancer Tumour Progression Group precursor). We focus on the role of genes identified Group Leader: Dr Alex Swarbrick as aberrantly expressed by the Pancreatic Cancer Aggressive cancers have two features in common: Group, and through previous discoveries. Mouse they proliferate endlessly (a property known as self models are being set up to define the functional renewal) and contain mostly unspecialised, poorly consequences and molecular mechanisms by which differentiated cells. We are investigating genes that these genes and their mutations contribute to control self renewal and differentiation in cancer, alterations in exocrine pancreas cell differentiation, with a particular focus on breast cancer. Together proliferation and carcinogenesis. Potential with the Breast Cancer Group and external applications extend to early detection, screening collaborators we have discovered several genes that and chemoprevention. are key controllers of the growth and metastasis of poorly differentiated cancers. These include the Signal Transduction Group Inhibitor of Differentiation transcriptional regulators, Group Leader: Professor Roger Daly the Hedgehog signalling pathway and microRNAs. Our research focuses on how signals regulating Understanding the contribution of these genes to biological processes such as cell proliferation, cancer progression, and the ways in which they survival and motility are transmitted within the cell, interact, will help us predict the behaviour of and how these signals are altered in cancer cells. We aggressive metastatic cancers and will lead to the are using a technique termed mass spectrometry to development of new drugs to stop their growth. identify the signalling networks associated with particular cancer subsets. This has: identified a novel Ubiquitin Signalling Group signalling pathway that drives cell proliferation in an Group Leader: Dr Darren Saunders aggressive breast cancer subtype, basal-like breast Our research is focused on mechanisms of cancer cancer; subclassified pancreatic cancer into 3 development and progression, using the emerging different subgroups, each characterized by technology of functional genomics - a powerful, particular signalling events; and identified signal cutting-edge approach to understand gene function transduction processes that contribute to resistance and define biological networks involved in cancer. By to the drug docetaxel in prostate cancer. In addition, integrating a number of methods, including high- we have developed a new affinity reagent for throughput gain/loss of function genetic screens purification of the 'kinase' class of signalling protein with novel fluorescent assays and high-content from cells, and are using this to comprehensively imaging, we are working to identify targets of define which kinases are expressed and activated in various components in the ubiquitin/proteasome specific cancer cells. These projects have important system, a cellular recycling and garbage disposal clinical ramifications, because they identify potential system. Using this approach, we are able to scan drug targets in specific cancer subsets, a key the human genome/proteome to see which proteins prerequisite for personalised cancer therapy. are tagged by ubiquitin in tumour and normal cells. This will help us to understand how normal cells become cancerous through changes in their protein content, and also identify new molecules that might be targeted by anti-cancer drugs.

CANCER PROGRAM 25 Translational Cancer Research genes with altered methylation patterns that have potential as blood-based diagnostic markers for Breast Cancer Group early stage ovarian cancer. We also aim to Group Leader: Professor Rob Sutherland AO FAA understand how such genes influence ovarian In association with clinicians at several teaching cancer development, which may additionally hospitals in Sydney (St Vincent's, Royal Prince identify new treatment targets for women with Alfred/Sydney Cancer Centre and St George) and advanced disease. major national and international trials groups (Australia New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group Pancreatic Cancer Group and International Breast Cancer Study Group) we Group Leader: Professor Andrew Biankin have developed large tissue banks and patient Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of databases that are being used to identify and cancer death in Western societies, with a five-year validate new biomarkers of disease subtype, disease survival rate of less than 5%. The treatment and Dr Alex Swarbrick, Garvan progression and response to particular therapies. survival of patients with pancreatic cancer has not researcher, investigates changed for years because there has been little genes that control self- These studies assist in the implementation of a renewal and differentiation biomarker guided personal medicine approach to research into the molecular and cell biology in cancer. He undertook breast cancer treatment. A major joint project with associated with it. Our projects focus on improving the basic science aspects outcomes for patients by defining molecular of the hedgehog project. the Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Steroid Hormone He is pictured here with Action Groups is identifying molecular markers of phenotypes of pancreatic cancer using biomarkers A/Prof O'Toole, discussing tamoxifen resistance, since loss of response to to guide therapeutic decisions and personalise samples using Garvan's therapies for pancreatic cancer. The group co-leads multi-headed microscope, tamoxifen is a major reason for treatment failure. and also viewing protein We are also conducting collaborative studies in- the Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative expression data. house and with other institutions to define the role with the Queensland Centre of Medical Genomics of newly-discovered breast cancer genes in the at the Institute for Medical Bioscience in Brisbane. disease process. The Initiative is part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (www.icgc,org) and aims to Colon and Lung Cancer Group use the latest technology to sequence 400 Group Leader: Associate Professor pancreatic cancers and use that information to Maija Kohonen-Corish inform personalised therapy trials. Colon and lung cancers are among the most common malignancies. In lung cancer we are Prostate Cancer Group characterising new biomarkers of prognosis and Group Leader: Professor Rob Sutherland AO FAA therapeutic responsiveness, in order to improve the Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed clinical management of cancer. Our research in cancer in men. Our group is concerned with the colon cancer is focused on understanding how and identification of biomarkers for early prostate why cancer develops and how it should be best disease, disease prognosis i.e. distinguishing indolent treated. This work involves three main approaches, from potentially fatal disease, and response to study of cancer specimens from patients, analysis therapy. We take a multidisciplinary approach that of cancer cells grown in cell culture and study of utilises expertise from a number of cancer tumours in mice. We have made the unexpected researchers within and outside the Garvan, as well discovery that an arthritis drug sulindac, used in as clinicians and pathologists, particularly colleagues humans, can actually cause cancer in the mouse. at the St Vincent's Prostate Cancer Centre and the This is being pursued as a new model of colon cancer Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. and the susceptibility genes that increase the risk of We currently aim to identify genes and pathways carcinogenesis. Another major area of recent work whose expression changes can predict the involves the rediscovery of 'Mutated in Colorectal development of aggressive life-threatening prostate Cancer' (MCC) as a candidate tumour suppressor cancer or resistance to chemotherapy used for the gene. MCC is emerging as a multifunctional protein treatment of advanced stage prostate cancer. that regulates several cellular processes and pathways. We have identified new biological functions for this Cancer Therapeutics Development Laboratory protein, including a role in the DNA damage Group Leader: Dr Charlie Watts response and lamellipodia formation. The Cancer Therapeutics Development Laboratory is developing novel cancer drugs against molecular Ovarian Cancer Group targets expressed by cancer cells. Our current Group Leader: Dr Goli Samimi project aims to block the activity of a regulatory Our group works in collaboration with the enzyme that allows cancer cells to produce energy Gynaecological Cancer Centre at the Royal Hospital for their growth. Following identification of for Women. Our major research goal is to use our candidate inhibitor compounds from a chemical combined expertise and knowledge to identify new library, we have worked with medicinal chemists at ways to diagnose women with early stage curable the University of Auckland to identify and ovarian cancer. To this end we utilise a number of structurally optimize those compounds which are different approaches to identify the genes involved most active and inhibit the proliferation of cancer in the development of ovarian cancer, particularly its cells. These will be further modified to produce early stages. Our primary focus, in collaboration potent compounds for pre-clinical development. with the Epigenetics Group, is the identification of

26 CANCER PROGRAM

Genetic Pathologist Dr The Kinghorn Cancer Centre is a joint venture The vision and concept of The Kinghorn Cancer Scott Mead (pictured top and middle) and between Garvan and St Vincent's Hospital that will Centre is one that many people have found Professor Andrew provide around 11,000m2 of research and clinical engaging and appealing. Thanks to the support of Biankin (head of space and bring together the scientific and medical a key group of visionaries, the project has secured pancreatic cancer research at Garvan) expertise of the two partners to provide a close to $40,000,000 in philanthropic support. with next generation personalised medicine approach to the treatment sequencing equipment and care of cancer patients. These visionaries include: to be installed in The Kinghorn Cancer Centre. Mr John and Mrs Jill Kinghorn Bioinformatics experts The 250-plus researchers and clinicians working in The Ferris Family Foundation Drs Jianmin Wu and this purpose-built cancer centre will ensure that Mr Roy and Mrs Cindy Manassen Mark Cowley (lower left) will form part of clinical challenges drive laboratory research, and Mr Greg and Mrs Kerry Paramor the team that analyses that research findings are applied quickly to clinical The Petersen Family Foundation output from the care. As well as state-of-the-art clinical and Mr Laurie Sutton sequencers. consulting rooms and laboratories, the centre will Mr Nicholas and Mrs Angela Curtis provide workspaces and meeting rooms so that Mr Cyril Golding researchers and clinicians can come together into Mr John Porter and Ms Susan Mougey multidisciplinary teams to exchange information Mr Tony and Mrs Coleen De Saxe and ideas about the diagnosis, treatment and care Mr Simon and Mrs Catriona Mordant of cancers. In addition, the Australian Cancer Research Foundation In 2011, the bulk of construction was completed, (ACRF) committed significant funds in memory of with the building 'topping out' in November. This Lady Sonia McMahon, a founding member of the allowed the installation of the facade and internal ACRF. The Nelune Foundation, a long time benefactor fit-out to commence. A number of events and site of cancer services at St Vincent's Hospital, has also visits were arranged throughout the year to enable provided a leadership gift towards the fit-out of a donors and supporters of the project an opportunity new outpatient chemotherapy suite, putting the to see first-hand the technical, engineering and comfort and amenity of patients at the heart of design complexity that will underpin this state-of- the design. the-art facility. Thanks to the unflagging work of all involved in the construction phase, the centre remains on track to begin operations in mid-2012.

THE KINGHORN CANCER CENTRE 29

Lder | PrOfeor David JAs fª

PhD student Sean _ Discovery of two new insulin regulated Akt Humphrey (top left) leads Program Summary a project using the latest Obesity has emerged as a major risk factor for a substrates that demarcate novel actions of insulin mass spectrometry series of diseases. Aside from the obvious - on cell motility and on autophagy. technologies to study Type 2 diabetes as a diabetes, heart disease and stroke - a number of system. Using the less intuitive candidates include cancer of the _ The proteins comprising the cell surface of the emerging discipline breast, bowel, kidney and oesophagus as well as adipocyte were sequenced using mass known as 'proteomics', spectrometry revealing the repertoire of Sean screens thousands Alzheimer's disease. This strengthens the notion of proteins, the that modern living, probably food, has increased our receptors, channels, transporters and other functional molecules in predisposition to many diseases that are linked molecules expressed in this important organelle. cells, simultaneously. Investigating muscle and mechanistically and biologically. This provides a firm fat cells, he looks at the basis for convergent thinking in research of non- _ Established that eradication of the Hepatitis C ways proteins change in communicable disease and in intervention. Because virus in infected humans results in correction of direct response to stimuli insulin resistance; we have previously shown this such as insulin. Seen many of these diseases take years to develop with a working with Dr Daniel tremendous heterogeneity throughout the insulin resistance is in muscle, rather than liver. Fazakerley (top) and Dr Matthew Prior. population it would seem that it is a gradual long term accumulation of damage that ultimately _ Identified Id1 as a novel inhibitor of insulin compromises health and there is some kind of secretion and beta cell differentiation. genetic influence on the likelihood that this will occur. Due to the immense time delay in disease _ Demonstrated that increasing the amount of a onset in humans it is difficult to pinpoint those transcriptional co-activator can up-regulate factors that cause the damage and then which mitochondrial metabolism and alleviate fat- kinds of damage cause disease. In a perfect world induced insulin resistance. we would follow the progression of all of these parameters in different individuals throughout the People Highlights course of their lives and try to dissect cause from effect. Unfortunately this cannot be done and so _ Ross Laybutt was awarded an NHMRC Project we are forced to use simpler more tractable model Grant and Michael Swarbrick, Samantha Hocking systems to recapitulate these complex processes and Amanda Brandon were also Chief and then strategically use this information to Investigators on a successful NHMRC Project determine its relevance to human disease. This is Grant application. the approach that our program has begun to carve out and will represent our major focus for the next _ Ted Kraegen, David James and their United States 5 years. colleague Neil Ruderman, were awarded a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant to investigate Research Highlights regulation of glucose metabolism in muscle. _ Demonstrated that fat accumulation in the liver, in _ David James, together with Jiming Ye from RMIT, response to a high fat diet, depends on the action was successful in obtaining an ARC grant to study of an enzyme, which can be targeted to improve drug discovery in diabetes. insulin action. _ Will Hughes was successful on an NHMRC Project _ Identified a previously unappreciated link between grant “Regulation of glucose uptake by ceramide metabolism, disrupted protein trafficking tropomyosins and myosins” with Peter Gunning and ER stress in beta cell death in Type 2 diabetes. and Edna Hardeman at UNSW. _ Establishment of the Garvan Mass Spectrometry _ Katherine Samaras and Susan Clark were facility. successful in a cross-Garvan collaboration in obtaining funding from the CSIRO's Science and _ Comprehensive analysis of the insulin-regulated Industry Endowment Fund for “Early Nutrition, the phosphoproteome provides the first glimpse of Epigenome and the Prevention of Disease”. The the extent of insulin action and the many project will examine the role of nutrition in the molecules it invokes to get the job done. epigenetics of obesity, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Adelaide, CSIRO Sydney and CSIRO Adelaide.

DIABETES & OBESITY PROGRAM 31 _ David James and Trevor Biden were re-appointed Molecular Metabolism to the NHMRC Fellowship Scheme. Group Leader: Associate Professor Greg Cooney Fat accumulation causes problems with metabolism _ Guang Yang was awarded a postdoctoral that can lead to Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and fellowship from the NHMRC. stroke. The major focus of the Cooney group is to understand factors (genetic, environmental and _ Ebru Boslem was awarded the Young Garvan hormonal) that control fat accumulation in muscle fellowship. and liver and to use this information to devise strategies to reduce fat in these tissues and improve _ Poh Sim-Khoo, Ebru Boslem, Alex Rowland, Brian insulin action. When fat enters a cell from blood Chan, Lauren Wright, Jane Reznick, Mia Akerfeldt there are two major choices for its fate. It is either were awarded PhD degrees. stored as an intracellular lipid or it is channelled into the mitochondria, where it is burned to produce Sean Humphrey _ Recruitment of Daniel Hesselson from University energy. We are studying the regulation of glucose analyses levels of of California (UCSF). Dan is an expert in the use of and fat metabolism and how tissue metabolism protein expression through time - first zebra fish to study insulin secretion. changes at different times of the day. These studies with the help of a new will help explain how increased food availability and generation mass _ Jeng Yie Chan was awarded the Australian Diabetes altered eating habits have contributed to the rapid spectrometer. Then (below) with Garvan Society Young Investigator of the Year award. increase in obesity and metabolic disease. bioinformatician Pengyi Yang. _ Dorit Samocha-Bonet won the ADS Skip Martin ER Stress and Protein Misfolding Early Career Fellowship. Group Leader: Associate Professor Antony Cooper Our group aims to understand how cells cope, or fail Research Groups to cope, with the stress that can result from the over-production of proteins and misfolding of Appetite and Adiposity in Pre-diabetes and proteins within a cellular compartment called the Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress is directly Group Leader: Professor Lesley Campbell AM applicable to a growing number of diseases Our group focuses on the underlying defects in including diabetes, as well as many diseases of the metabolism and appetite control in prediabetes and brain like Huntington's, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and in the commonest genetic obesity disorder, Prader motor neuron disease. Either the cell 'burns out', Willi Syndrome (PWS). The latter is associated with generates an excess of harmful products, or relentless weight gain after childhood and is accumulates unmanageable amounts of unusable distressing to manage. In collaboration with Royal proteins, which ultimately lead to cell death. If the Prince Alfred Hospital PWS Clinic, we have shown a mechanism by which these stressors induce cell resistance to common satiety hormones but high death can be elucidated, this may enable levels of a “hunger” hormone ghrelin in these identification of potential points of intervention to individuals. We have conducted a pilot study in help cells deal with extra demands. PWS, which shows that available diabetes/weight control drugs have efficacy without obvious side- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism effects. We have shown that individuals predisposed Group Leader: Dr Jerry Greenfield to Type 2 diabetes co-inherit obesity genes with We have completed a major clinical study in a type 2 diabetes genes. From an overfeeding study, cohort of individuals with a broad range of where relatives of people with diabetes gained metabolic defects to dissect molecular defects that significantly more weight than those without such cause muscle insulin resistance. Inclusion of an relatives, we have been able to identify the early unusual group of 'healthy obese' individuals enabled changes associated with development of insulin us to uncouple the contributions of obesity and resistance in healthy humans with weight gain and insulin resistance to disease risk. These studies have are characterising the accompanying lipidomic led to a major breakthrough in our understanding of profiles in muscle and plasma. metabolic disease in that insulin resistance was found to be 'selective' for carbohydrate metabolism Fat, Infection and Insulin Resistance while other actions of insulin were normal. This led Group Leader: Professor Don Chisholm AO us to propose a model whereby the defect in We have now completed studies of patients with carbohydrate metabolism triggers the pancreas to Hepatitis C, which is known to increase insulin over secrete insulin which hyper stimulates those resistance and risk of Type 2 Diabetes. This work, in actions of insulin that are not defective. These latter conjunction with the Storr Liver Unit at Westmead effects could be more damaging than insulin Hospital, has shown that the insulin resistance is in resistance per se. muscle - not, as previously believed, in liver and is reversed when the virus is eradicated by antiviral Studies have also been established examining the treatment. Work continues on the transcription effects of the amino acid glutamine on metabolism, factor, Islet 1, which is uniquely expressed in visceral in isolation and in combination with a new diabetes fat and modulates fat cell differentiation, by a medication. Glutamine appears to have a promising mechanism involving C/EBa and PPARg. Islet 1 may effect on glucose lowering after a meal and may be important in restraining the adverse effects of offer a simple, novel and effective treatment in this “noxious” fat. Type 2 diabetes.

32 DIABETES & OBESITY PROGRAM

Phospholipid Biology Adipose tissue biology in diabetes screen lipid metabolites that change in Group Leader: Dr Will Hughes Group Leader: Associate Professor beta cells undergoing ER stress and Our goal is to apply cutting edge live cell Katherine Samaras identified sphingolipids as potential microscopy techniques to understand Obesity is the major factor accelerating causative agents. Our ongoing work is complex processes in individual development of Type 2 diabetes. focused on delineating how and where mammalian cells. We have developed Dysregulation of adipose tissue biology these lipid metabolites exert their effects. state of the art fluorescent probes to impacts upon metabolism and study the insulin dependent movement of inflammation. We have found modest Islet Biology the glucose transporter to the surface of weight reduction improves immune Group Leader: Dr Ross Laybutt muscle and adipocytes. This system function in morbidly obese people with Our goal is to identify mechanisms mimics the situation that occurs in our Type 2 diabetes, associated with responsible for pancreatic beta cell muscle and fat cells each time we eat a reductions in arterial stiffness. Our results dysfunction and destruction in type 1 and meal. Using this approach we can watch show these improvements are not type 2 diabetes. We have discovered a these molecules moving toward the explained by weight loss. We have also previously unrecognised role in beta cell membrane and then deciding whether to shown that obese people with diabetes biology of a transcriptional regulator, Id1. merge with the membrane or return to have greater levels of genes regulating We identified Id1 as a novel inhibitor of the cellular interior. Importantly we are inflammation in abdominal fat. We are insulin secretion. Id1 expression plays a beginning to use molecular approaches to currently investigating the role of crucial role in the abnormalities in beta cell dissect how this process becomes circulatory and tissue-based inflammation gene expression and glucose homeostasis disrupted in disease. in the reversal of diabetes with weight induced by excess fat. Studies have also reduction, which will provide insights into made important contributions to Cellular Systems Biology how diabetes develops and identify understanding how cytokines produced by Group Leader: Professor David James FAA potential targets for treating the the immune system lead to beta cell We are using 'omics approaches to commonest form of diabetes. killing. We investigated the role of stress deconvolute the complexity of metabolic within the endoplasmic reticulum cellular disease. This involves the measurement of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics compartment in cytokine-mediated beta thousands of parameters in cells or Group leader: Dr Nigel Turner cell death. Studies identified the signalling animals as they transition between Mitochondria are the primary site of molecules that control the decision of different metabolic states. Then by using energy production within cells. beta cells to undergo cell death rather mathematics, engineering and physics our Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked than adapt to endoplasmic reticulum goal is to construct an in silico model for with a number of inherited and acquired stress and survive a cytokine attack. metabolic disease. Such a model can be human diseases and has also been used to provide novel insights in to implicated in the aging process. A major Insulin Signalling complex diseases and as a vehicle for in focus of our studies is to examine how Group Leader: Dr Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer silico drug discovery. alterations in mitochondrial function in My group has previously shown that the different tissues influences insulin action protein kinase C (PKC) family of enzymes Diabetes and Metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes. We are plays an important role in metabolic Group Leader: Professor Edward Kraegen interested in how certain drugs and disease. We are currently using proteomic Understanding how too much fat causes different types of dietary fats affect approaches to identify downstream insulin resistance in muscle and liver is the mitochondrial content and metabolism. targets of specific PKC members, which major thrust of our work. Various We are also examining the role of post- will provide insights into the molecular experimental models and state-of-the- translational modification in the function mechanisms by which they control art techniques are being used to identify of mitochondrial proteins. Another area of glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. and manipulate key proteins in muscle research is the importance of alterations We have identified novel candidates, that link fat metabolism to insulin action. in mitochondrial bioenergetics in certain which may mediate these effects and These continue to play a role investigating types of cancers. which we are now pursuing, to determine various physiological consequences of whether they may be new targets for basic findings in the Program (e.g. Diabetes Signalling Unit intervention. We have also studied the oxidative stress and insulin action). We are role of different lipid species in insulin investigating important signalling Beta Cell Signalling action in muscle and have discovered pathways, particularly involving the Group Leader: Professor Trevor Biden distinct effects of lipid modifying hormone adiponectin and enzyme AMP- Increased beta cell death and disruption of enzymes, which play positive or negative kinase, a major intracellular regulator of beta cell function are characteristics of roles in insulin action and glucose disposal. cellular energy status, and how they Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. We have In combination with high throughput lipid influence potency of insulin action in discovered that the enzyme protein analysis, we are testing the actions of muscle. Further work with Boston kinase C delta (PKC¥) contributes to these enzymes in cell, tissue and animal University, partly funded by the US disease onset in models of Type 1 models of fat-induced insulin resistance to funding agency NIH, is opening up new diabetes and have shown that the determine those that can be modulated ways of looking at the early stages of mechanism involves stabilisation of gene to improve whole body glucose muscle insulin resistance in response to transcripts encoding inflammatory metabolism. increased nutrient availability. Lastly proteins. Another major project is studies using traditional Chinese examining the molecular links between medicines aim to help identify new fatty acids and beta cell death, with insulin-sensitising agents that could be particular emphasis on ER stress. We have more useful than current therapeutics. employed systems biology approaches to

DIABETES & OBESITY PROGRAM 35 Overview Scientific Program The Diabetes Vaccine Development Centre (DVDC) Type 1 Diabetes Prevention Study, INIT II was established in 2003 through a major joint This is a Phase 2, multi-centre, randomised, double initiative of the National Health and Medical blind, placebo-controlled trial of intranasal insulin Research Council (NHMRC) and Juvenile Diabetes (440IU) in children and young adults at risk of Type Research Foundation (JDRF). 1 diabetes. The aim of this project is to determine whether the administration of insulin via an intranasal With the assistance of a grant from the NSW route will result in a protective immune response. Government, DVDC relocated from Melbourne to Garvan in 2007. It became a company limited by Study of Proinsulin Peptide Immunotherapy in New- guarantee with Garvan as the sole member in 2008. onset Type 1 Diabetes (MonoPepT1De Study) Peptide immunotherapy represents a novel DVDC is governed by a Board representing its major approach to preventing loss of insulin production stakeholders (Garvan, JDRF and NHMRC), as well as from the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes. The internationally recognised scientists and biotechnology MonoPepT1De Study, which is being conducted in executives with expertise in the fields of diabetes the UK, aims to address the safety of P1 peptide and vaccine development. administration in newly-diagnosed T1D preparatory to a larger study to determine whether this The Centre's mission is to provide a platform to intervention promotes the survival of residual translate Type 1 diabetes research into improved insulin-producing beta cells. clinical outcomes - prevention and therapy. Use of BAFF Blockers to Prevent Type 1 With substantial in-house expertise for the conduct Diabetes in Man of clinical trials, DVDC currently manages a portfolio DVDC has supported Associate Professor Shane of preclinical and clinical research projects (see Grey at Garvan to undertake pre-clinical studies below), and coordinates a network of eleven trial aimed at testing a therapy targeting the B cell arm sites across Australia and New Zealand. The of the immune system. Using non-obese diabetic Network has focused on children and young adults, (NOD) mice, this study aimed to test the hypothesis and is now expanding to include more of the adult that B-cell depletion, by way of BAFF-blockade, will Type 1 diabetic population. restore tolerance to islets and prevent diabetes occurrence. Complete prevention of diabetes in Highlights NOD mice was achieved. DVDC has been liaising _ Opened new trial sites in Monash, Victoria, and with Associate Professor Grey in relation to the Munich, Germany, for the INIT II Study design of a project that moves this work from the lab to a clinical application. _ Executed a Co-operation Deed with the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG) to Rowena Tucker work together to enhance the management and CEO coordination of Type 1 diabetes trials in Australia DVDC Limited and New Zealand.

_ Entered into a Consultancy Agreement with Cell Care Australia for the provision of consulting services by DVDC.

36 DIABETES VACCINE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Membership of the DVDC Board Professor Leonard C Harrison Professor Don Chisholm AO FRACP (Chair) Head Diabetes Laboratory Senior Principal Research Fellow Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Diabetes and Obesity Research Program Garvan Professor Peter Colman (alternate to Professor Harrison) Professor John Shine AO FAA Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Executive Director Royal Melbourne Hospital Garvan Mr Stephen Higgs Mr John Dakin Chair Board of Directors Chief Operating Officer JDRF Australia Garvan Dr Dorota Pawlak Mr Paul Eisen Head of Research & Development VP Sales & Marketing, Australia & Asia Pacific JDRF Australia KarmelSonix Dr Roland Tisch Professor Ian Frazer FAA Department of Microbiology & Immunology CEO and Director of Research University of North Carolina Translational Research Institute Pty Ltd Chapel Hill, USA Membership of the DVDC Finance Mr Stephen Higgs Committee Chair Board of Directors JDRF Australia Mr John Dakin (Chair) Chief Operating Officer Ms Christina Hardy Garvan Director Business Development & Legal Affairs Garvan Mr Stephen Higgs Chair Board of Directors Membership of the DVDC Scientific JDRF Australia Advisory Committee Mr Mike Wilson Professor Ian Frazer FAA (Chair) Chief Executive Officer CEO and Director of Research JDRF Australia Translational Research Institute Pty Ltd Professor Don Chisholm Dr Teo Staeva Chair Director Immune Therapies DVDC Board JDRFi New York, USA Ms Rowena Tucker Chief Executive Officer Professor Chris Goodnow FAA FRS DVDC Director Immunogenomics Laboratory & Director Australian Phenomics Facility Mr Ron McNeilly John Curtin School of Medical Research A/g Director Research Administration The Australian National University National Health and Medical Research Council

Dr Carla Greenbaum Director Diabetes Clinical Research Benaroya Research Institute Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA

DIABETES VACCINE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE 37

Lder | AOcia PrOfeor Robert Bri

Garvan immunologist _ Identified the cIAP proteins to be fundamental Associate Professor Program Summary Stuart Tangye, specialist The immune system is designed to protect us from regulators of antibody production as well as in immunodeficiency dangerous attacks whether they come from outside potential tumour suppressors in B cells. disorders, pictured top (right) discussing a the body in the form of infections, or from inside patient's notes with the body in the form of cancer. At the same time, _ Showed that the EBI2 receptor was responsible collaborator Associate the system must learn to avoid attacking our own for previously unexplained movements of B cells Professor John Ziegler during an immune response. at Sydney Children's tissues or reacting to minor threats like pollens and Hospital, Randwick. house dust mites. When this balance is upset and the controls fail, the outcomes are diseases ranging _ Identified a new subset of T cells that home to Senior Research the gut and are involved in the induction of Assistant Danielle from life threatening infections and malignant tumours Priestley pipettes blood to autoimmune conditions (eg Rheumatoid arthritis autoimmunity. samples from patients - and Type 1 diabetes) and allergies (eg asthma). in order to isolate white _ Showed that if offspring have a mother with (immune) cells. The work of the research team in the Garvan diabetes in pregnancy, they get fat, and if they Immunology Program is divided between studying also inherit the risk for diabetes, they get even how a normal immune system functions in a fatter – suggesting that control of blood sugar balanced way and how this goes wrong when levels in pregnant women is important in preventing disease occurs. To this end, use is made of the their babies growing up to be fat adults. latest models of human diseases to improve our understanding of their pathology and devise better _ Showed that 41% of a cohort of pregnant women ways of treating them. The latest technologies in with gestational diabetes in Sydney had low manipulating and analysing immune cell behaviour Vitamin D levels and that this was associated with are employed. These include sophisticated gene higher blood sugar levels in pregnancy. manipulation and analysis techniques, precise and detailed approaches for analysing the rare cell _ Revealed that the CD94/NKG2A inhibitory populations that initiate immune responses, and the molecule is downregulated during immune new capability to microscopically visualise individual responses to promote the activity of anti-viral cells as they function within the body. killer T cells.

Research Highlights People Highlights _ Identified the cytokine (chemical messenger) _ Associate Professor Shane Grey was an invited IL-21 as the main driver of successful antibody plenary speaker at several international meetings: responses in people. the International Transplant Society's Basic Science Symposium Boston USA 2011; the 5th _ Determined the genetic defect in the cytotoxic Asian Autoimmunity Congress 2011, Singapore; immune cells (killer T cells) of patients with a and the 41st meeting of the Australasian Society particular immunodeficiency that renders them for Immunology. He was also invited to write a defenceless when infected with the Epstein- review for Trends in Immunology. Barr virus. _ Jeanette Villanueva was awarded the Kidney _ Identified an important role for the signalling Health Australia Award by the Transplantation protein DOCK8 in the development and Society of Australia and New Zealand. differentiation of killer T cells. _ Nathan Zammit was awarded a Travel Award by _ Collaborated with the Cancer Program to the Transplantation Society of Australia and New characterise the role of the hedgehog protein in Zealand to present his work at the Cell Transplant breast cancer. Meeting in Miami USA.

IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM 39 _ Dr Daniel Christ was awarded an NHMRC _ Dr Cecile King won the 2012 Diabetes Australia development grant to further advance his Research Trust (DART) Millennium award; was collaboration with St Vincent's Hospital on the invited to write reviews for Immunity and Trends development of antibody-based therapeutics. in Immunology; was an invited speaker at the 2011 International Conference of Diabetes and _ Romain Rouet won the 2011 Castle-Harlan Award Metabolism in Seoul, Korea and the 2011 as the most outstanding second year PhD student International congress for Mucosal Immunology in for his work on antibody therapeutics. Paris; and was elected to the board of councillors for the Society of Mucosal Immunology. _ Dr Kendle Maslowski won the 2011 Garvan thesis prize for the Institute's most outstanding PhD _ PhD students Tyani Chan, Eliana Marino, Kenneth thesis of the year. Ho and Helen McGuire all had their doctoral theses formally accepted by the University of NSW. Dr Umaimainthan _ Stuart Tangye was promoted to Associate Palendira and A/Prof Professor at the University of NSW. He was also _ Dr Jenny Gunton was promoted to Associate Tangye (top) check responses of white awarded the Gottschalk Medal by the Australian Professor at University of NSW and at University blood cells under the Academy of Sciences, which recognises of Sydney. microscope, after they “outstanding research in the medical sciences by have been cultured in various substances. scientists under 40 years”; was an organiser of, _ Dr Jenny Gunton was invited to speak at the 2012 and invited plenary speaker at, the Keystone Keystone Advances in Hypoxic Signalling meeting. Dr Elissa Deenick on New Insights into Normal versus (middle) sets up a gel Symposia to measure protein Dysregulated B Cell Function, held in Whistler, _ Associate Professor Robert Brink was invited to expression levels. Canada; was an invited plenary speaker at the work with an international team of scientists to Dr Cindy Ma (below) Swiss Society of Immunology and Allergy annual prepare a special issue of Immunological Reviews indentifying various meeting, held in Lugano, Switzerland; and was focusing on the Germinal Centre response; and cell types using a flow invited to be an Advisory Editor with the Journal was invited to be a plenary speaker at the Keystone cytometer. of Experimental Medicine and an Associate Editor Symposium on B Cell Biology in January, 2013. for the Journal of Immunology. _ Dr Tyani Chan was awarded a bursary to attend _ Dr Elissa Deenick was an invited speaker at the the annual conference of the Australasian Society annual meeting of the Japanese Society of of Immunology and participate in the finals of the Immunology, help in Chiba, Japan; was selected to New Investigator of the Year competition. She present her work as an oral presentation at the was also selected to present her work as an oral Keystone Symposia on New Insights into Normal presentation at the Keystone Symposia on New versus Dysregulated B Cell Function, held in Insights into Normal versus Dysregulated B Cell Whistler, Canada; was awarded an NHMRC Project Function, held in Whistler, Canada. grant to continue her studies into the function of STAT3 in the function of immune cells; and was Research Groups appointed as co-editor of the News & Commentary section for the journal Immunology Cellular Immunity & Cell Biology. Group Leader: Professor Jonathan Sprent FAA FRS Our team is interested in the development and fate _ Dr Cindy Ma was awarded a travel bursary to of T cells – white blood cells that participate in a attend the Keystone Symposia on New Insights variety of immune responses but can somehow into Normal versus Dysregulated B Cell Function, distinguish between self and foreign antigens. One held in Whistler, Canada. of the unknown questions that is central to maintaining the immune system's homeostasis is _ Dr Mainthan Palendira was awarded a travel how are these cells destroyed once their mission is bursary to attend the FOCIS meeting held in complete and infections are overcome? We know Washington DC. that most self-destruct while a few live on to become memory T cells, which are activated by a _ Helen McGuire was the 2011 winner of the first re-infection, but we don't know the factors that quarter prize for best PhD thesis in the School of determine their destiny. Application of our work lies Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW. in harnessing the immune system to boost its attack on cancerous tumours and, conversely, _ Emeritus Professor Tony Basten attended the dampening down the immune response to treat Cambridge Immunology Forum. autoimmune diseases.

_ Dr Marcel Batten received an NHMRC CDA Fellowship.

40 IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM

B Cell Biology between B cells and 'helper' T cells – another subset Group Leader: Associate Professor Robert Brink of immune cells that controls the behaviour of B cells. and Emeritus Professor Antony Basten FAA FTSE Thus, a major focus of our work is to understand B lymphocytes (B cells) produce secreted antibodies exactly how helper T cells instruct B cells to in response to the entry of foreign substances and produce antibodies. We also investigate the microorganisms into the body. Antibodies bind requirements for the immune system to generate specifically to these foreign “antigens” and target protective responses against viruses, such as them for destruction and elimination. Autoimmune Epstein Barr virus which is also known to cause diseases such as immune thrombocytopenic cancer. Our approach to these questions involves purpura, myasthenia gravis and hemolytic anemia studying several genetic conditions of the immune can arise when B cells produce rogue antibodies system, and corresponding mouse models, that that attack the body itself instead of the foreign result in immunodeficiencies – which are often life- invaders. The growth and survival of B cells can also threatening disorders where affected individuals are become dysregulated, leading to B cell malignancies unable to mount appropriate immune responses such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Our following exposure to some infections or pathogens. laboratory has developed a unique system that These diseases include X-linked lymphoproliferative allows the detailed characterisation of B cells disease, the autosomal dominant and autosomal participating in all phases of an immune response. recessive hyper-IgE syndromes, and X-linked severe This system is used to identify the genes, signalling combined immunodeficiency. Overall, we hope to pathways and intercellular interactions that regulate identify means to improve the immune response in B cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in individuals with immunodeficiencies and, conversely, the body. By understanding how B cells function we ways in which the immune system of patients with hope to reveal new strategies for improving autoimmune diseases could be controlled. vaccines, controlling autoimmune disease, and treating B cell cancers. Immunobiology of Cancer Group leader: Dr Tatyana Chtanova Gene Therapy & Autoimmunity Our group is interested in understanding how the Group leader: Associate Professor Shane Grey immune system responds to cancer and how these Our laboratory is interested in the how and why of responses can be manipulated to produce better the immune system's attack on the body's tissues anti-cancer therapeutics. We have developed an as it occurs during the rejection of organ grafts and innovative system to visualise immune cells in vivo in autoimmune disorders like Type I diabetes where in intact tumours and to 'tag' tumour-infiltrating the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed. cells. With the aid of 2-photon microscopy, a Approaches include examining factors that regulate cutting edge technique that allows us to 'see' cells the immune attack on our own cells and hundreds of microns below the surface of intact investigating the molecular changes that occur in organs, we are monitoring the interactions between the tissue being attacked in the hope of, one day, the tumour and immune cells taking place below the being able to genetically engineer tissues that could tumour surface. Using this system together with a withstand the assault. This strategy would alleviate novel reporter to mark tumour-infiltrating cells, we the need for the toxic immunosuppressive drugs can determine whether these cells participate in currently required to promote successful organ anti-tumour immune responses or whether they aid transplantation and, in the case of Type I diabetes, tumour metastasis, one of the most fearsome enable creation of a 'death-defying' beta cell as a aspects of cancer. novel cure. Mucosal Autoimmunity Immunology & Immunodeficiency Group leader: Dr Cecile King Group Leader: Associate Professor Stuart Tangye Our laboratory is interested in how T lymphocytes Our focus is on understanding the development and drive autoimmune responses that cause destruction effector function of B cells – the population of of tissues at the mucosal interface between the white blood cells responsible for the production of body's own tissues and the environment. We focus protective antibodies – and the mechanisms on the chemokine and cytokine networks that underlying the regulation of antibody responses. We direct the regional specification of immunity and are particularly interested in finding out how the autoimmunity. Broad-based immunosuppression is immune system responds to infections or commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases and vaccinations by providing us with a 'memory' of the transplant recipients, but it has an obvious drawback response so that we cope faster and better since we need a functioning immune system in following subsequent exposure to the same order to thrive. The aim of our research is to identify infectious agent. The development of target molecules that will enable the selective immunological memory involves interactions suppression of self-tissue destructive T cells.

42 IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM Antibody Engineering Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma Group leader: Dr Daniel Christ and Airways Our laboratory is working on the development of Head: Professor Charles Mackay FAA novel antibody therapeutics. In particular, we are Group leader: Dr David Zahra interested in the engineering of human antibody A node of the CRC for Asthma and Airways, our fragments, which are considerably smaller than group has focused on the G- protein coupled current monoclonal antibodies. Human antibody receptors, GPR43 and GPR18. Knock out animals fragments (such as domain antibodies) can be have demonstrated that these two molecules are generated by genetic engineering technology, important in inflammatory disease. The natural completely bypassing the use of animals. These ligand for GPR43 is acetate and animal models have fragments can be produced in large quantities in demonstrated that agonists of GPR43, such as bacteria and open up promising new routes for non- acetate, have beneficial therapeutic efficacy. Hence, intravenous applications, imaging and therapy. We one major aim is to isolate a novel small molecule are applying our technology to targets in cancer and ligand that could act as an agonist of GPR43. To inflammatory diseases. facilitate the isolation of a small molecule agonist, a collaboration with the WEHI Biotechnology research B Cell Tolerance and Autoimmunity centre has been initiated to screen their library of Dr Pablo Silveira small molecules. Another main aim is to isolate Our ultimate goal is to prevent the immune system antibodies to GPR43 and GPR18, which would be attacking the insulin producing beta cells of the used for diagnostic and potentially therapeutic pancreas, which leads to Type 1 diabetes. Our purposes. Our work has also developed a promising research aims to identify the faulty mechanisms therapeutic that neutralises the function of the that allow B cells recognising beta cell proteins to cytokine GM-CSF. GM-CSF has been linked to a persist and thus activate destructive T cells. We number of inflammatory diseases including asthma also aim to identify novel genes that control the and rheumatoid arthritis, and we have developed an generation and function of this aberrant population antibody that neutralises this cytokine. Three of B cells, findings that could form the basis for new patents protect the potential therapeutic and a therapies to prevent or reverse Type 1 diabetes. feasibility study has been conducted in collaboration with a major pharmaceutical company. Negotiations Diabetes and Transcription Factors are on going to complete this licensing agreement. Group leader: Associate Professor Jenny Gunton The causes of beta-cell failure are not well Immunobiology of Cytokines understood, but we know there are changes in Group leader: Dr Marcel Batten these cells' gene expression that can yield clues Immune responses, be they beneficial responses to about what is going wrong. Through the use of a infection or harmful autoimmune responses, require variety of tissue-specific knockout and transgenic highly coordinated interactions between various mice we hope to identify why beta cell failure immune cells. One cell type that is very important occurs as well as ways to improve beta cell function for orchestrating the response is called a “T cell”. and thereby treat diabetes and diabetes in These cells do their work by producing chemical pregnancy. We are currently focusing on a two main signals called cytokines. My group is interested in factors: HIF-1, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), how T cells control immune responses, with a both of which are decreased in the beta cell particular interest in how things go wrong during containing islets of people with Type 2 diabetes. autoimmune disease and whether we can identify Recently we have been working on a drug which points of intervention. In particular, we are improves diabetes in mice, and are in the process of interested in the autoimmune diseases multiple starting a human clinical trial. sclerosis (MS) and lupus. We are closely studying a recently identified cytokine, called IL27, which we Translational Immunology have now shown to be important in these disease Group leader: Professor Charles Mackay FAA processes. We are also working to understand the Professor Mackay continues to run a small group of function of a number of new proteins with links to students and postdoctoral researchers at Garvan MS. We hope our work will inform us as to whether after taking up a Chair at Monash University in these cytokines and other proteins could form the 2009. Their research is studying the link between basis for new therapeutics. diet, fatty acid binding proteins and asthma, as well as looking more broadly at the links between inflammatory and metabolic diseases.

IMMUNOLOGY PROGRAM 43

Lder | PrOfeor Herbert HerzOg

Dr Greg Neely (top) maps _ Showed that NPY and PYY have different roles in heart, pain and appetite Program Overview genes in fruit flies and The Neuroscience Research Program aims to regulating olfactory stem cells during people to identify overlaps, increase our understanding of the neuronal systems neurogenesis. and then tests to see if the genes are 'functionally involved in disorders such as Parkinson's disease, relevant' in mice. The flies Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, eating disorders _ Discovered a novel target of the enzyme GSK3 in are housed in tubes in a and hearing loss. The program has recently been the brain, a protein called 'beta-adducin', which is large incubator. expanding its interest in other research areas with important for new synapse formation in learning Research Assistant several new groups joining including a group and memory. Annora Thoeng (right) focusing on brain control of bone formation, a group prepares food (a _ Demonstrated significant biochemical change concoction of yeast and investigating neuronal cell activity in Alzheimer's sugar) for the flies. disease, and a group focusing on pain research. We (hyperphosphorylation) of a GSK3 target, a aim to identify new therapeutic approaches in these protein called CRMP2, specifically in the brains of Dr Carla Gentile (left) Alzheimer's disease patients, but not in other deposits different kinds of areas, with a special interest in regenerating the food (identified by colour) nervous system for therapeutic purposes as well as forms of dementia. This appears to occur early in on a petri dish to the disease process and has the potential to be a determine fly preferences. achieving a better understanding of the brain's control of body functions including the regulation of energy biomarker for early and specific detection of balance (intake and expenditure), which affects Alzheimer's disease. fertility, mood, weight gain and physical fitness. _ Demonstrated the rescue of dopamine nerve cells Research Highlights in a Parkinson's disease model, which opens up a potential new therapeutic strategy for the disease. _ Discovered a new pain receptor required for thermal pain sensation, conserved from flies to humans, further highlighting pain perception as an People Highlights ancient process conserved through evolution. _ Professor Herbert Herzog was invited to give the plenary lecture at the 15th Japan Society for _ Identified that the satiety hormone peptide YY Eating Disorder Conference in Kagoshima, Japan (PYY), in addition to being released into the gut and was also an invited speaker at the 6th after a meal is also released into saliva from glands International Cachexia Conference, Milan, Italy. He in the tongue, helping to reduce food intake. was awarded two NHMRC project grants, one being ranked in the top 3 out of 3500 _ Detailed the skeletal actions of the major applications, and was renewed as an NHMRC circulating member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Principal Research Fellow. family, PYY. These studies may shed new light on our understanding of anorexia nervosa. _ Associate Professor Amanda Sainsbury-Salis received an NHMRC Project Grant. _ Initiated studies to investigate the role of NPY in controlling osteoclasts, the bone removing cells _ Dr Greg Neely was invited to speak at the responsible for the major early post-menopausal Drosophila Neurobiology meeting in Cold Spring bone loss. Harbor, as well as at the 61st Annual American Society for Human Genetics meeting. He also _ Demonstrated that male sex hormones are critical received the 2011 NHMRC Marshall and Warren for the positive actions of NPY in bone cells. Award for most potentially transformative research, as well as 3 NHMRC project grants and _ Conducted the first study of long-term oral an NHMRC Career Development fellowship. treatment to alter NPY signalling in living animals. The drug BIBO3304 inhibits an NPY receptor, _ Dr Kevin Wang received an NHMRC Early Career leading to a significant increase in bone mass, Fellowship. without adverse side effects.

NEUROSCIENCE PROGRAM 45 _ Dr Bryce Vissel was reappointed as a member of weight gain leading to obesity but also wasting the scientific advisory board for Parkinson's NSW, conditions such as anorexia nervosa and cancer as well as reappointed to the editorial board of the cachexia as well as the metabolic resistance to Journal of Neurochemistry. weight loss occurring in overweight or obese people.

_ Dr Paul Baldock received an NHMRC project grant. Our main focus is on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its He was invited to present a Meet the Professor Y-receptors, since many of the molecules that Session at the 2011 American Society for Bone regulate appetite and body weight do so via this and Mineral Society meeting in San Diego. He was system. Our research findings have implications for also invited to join the scientific advisory the treatment of obesity, infertility, poor lactation, committee of the Australian and New Zealand dwarfism, and osteoporosis, as well as anorexia Bone and Mineral Society, as well as the nervosa and cancer cachexia. organising committee for the joint meeting of the Drs Neely and Gentile International Bone and Mineral Society and the Hearing Research discuss fly feeding Japanese Society of Bone and Mineral Research in Group leader: Dr Sharon Oleskevich preferences - evidenced by the quantity of dye in Kobe in 2013. Hearing loss due to noise trauma is one of the most their stomachs. common sensory disabilities in humans, particularly _ Ms Iris Wong's PhD thesis was accepted. in industrialised countries. The Hearing Research Group is investigating whether stem cell therapy _ Ms Ayse Zengin received a Young Investigator can reduce hearing loss caused by acute noise Award from the International Bone and Mineral trauma. Our research is focused on whether stem Society. Ayse also won the AMGEN Best cells can replace damaged cells or secrete factors Presentation Award at the International Osteoporosis that enhance the survival and/or proliferation of Foundation Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting. cells remaining in the inner ear. We have recently discovered that transplanted stem cells can _ Dr Adam Cole was appointed Associate Editor of integrate into the host tissue and can improve the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontiers hearing levels after noise trauma. Our research in in Neurodegeneration. He was also guest editor the ear is strengthened by investigations in the of a special issue about GSK3 in the International brain, where we explore how nerve cell connections Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. are changed by deafness. Our goal is to develop new initiatives to provide benefits to the young and _ Dr Carla Cunha received an Australian Society for ageing community suffering from noise-induced Stem Cell Research travel award to attend the hearing loss. national conference in Melbourne. Neurodegenerative Disorders - Repair Research Groups and Regeneration Group leader: Dr Bryce Vissel Adult Stem Cell Research The Neurodegeneration Research Group is working Group leader: Professor John Shine AO FAA to identify approaches to understand and treat Neural stem cells can be isolated from the adult Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and spinal olfactory neuroepithelium (situated in the nose) and disorders. These are devastating neurodegenerative grown in the laboratory in the form of olfactory diseases. Our goal is to harness the nervous neurospheres. These structures are three- system's own repair systems, in order to stimulate dimensional aggregates of cells that are able to the formation of new nerve cells and their grow into neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The connections. We also investigate approaches to identity of the cell type within the olfactory block nerve cell loss. Our team have identified new neuroepithelium that gives rise to these neural stem mechanisms to stimulate brain repair and have cells remains elusive. Our group studies the basic discovered potential approaches to block biology of adult olfactory stem cells with the aim of neurodegeneration. We aim to develop new identifying, isolating and propagating these cells and therapeutic approaches with a goal of generating to determine the conditions needed to transform outcomes for clinical trials in people. Our research them into the different types of nerve cells found in outcomes have significant theoretical and clinical the brain, for example, those lost in Parkinson's or implications for impacting the lives of people who Alzheimer's disease. confront devastating neurodegenerative diseases.

Eating Disorders Research Skeletal Neurobiology Group leaders: Professor Herbert Herzog and Group leader: Dr Paul Baldock Associate Professor Amanda Sainsbury-Salis Osteoporosis is characterised by a reduction in bone One of our laboratory's major goals is to understand density and therefore strength. It is caused by an how appetite and body weight are regulated. imbalance between bone production and bone loss. Defects in the brain pathways that regulate these Our group's research is primarily focused upon processes may be responsible for causing excess investigating the influence of brain signals on bone

46 NEUROSCIENCE PROGRAM formation and strength and the coordination of regulating body weight and bone formation. Our investigations involving the effect of neurotransmitter Neuropeptide Y (NPY) have identified a novel and powerful pathway for stimulating the production of bone and increasing bone strength, suggesting an approach to new treatment. These studies are identifying a much broader and interconnected bone biology than has previously been appreciated, which offers the potential to develop novel therapeutic targets.

Neurosignalling Research Group Research Assistant Silas Group leader: Dr Adam Cole Sugiharto applies a probe GSK3 and Cdk5 are important brain enzymes that to fly larvae to measure their sensitivity to heat. control neuroplasticity, which is the ability of the brain to change and refine itself in response to different experiences and circumstances. This is especially important for higher order functions, such as learning and memory. Defects in GSK3 and Cdk5 function are implicated in the development of several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. In order to understand how GSK3 and Cdk5 regulate neuroplasticity in healthy and diseased brains, the Neurosignalling Group focuses on discovering novel targets of these enzymes. So far, we have discovered 10 targets involved in important brain functions, such as synapse formation, neurotransmission and neuronal survival. This information will not only inform us of the mechanisms that control neuroplasticity and cognitive function, but will also help to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline, dementias and mood disorders.

Neuro-Pain Research Group Group leader: Dr Greg Neely One of the Neuro-Pain Research Group's major goals is to identify and characterise new genes that participate in chronic pain, with the goal of developing a next generation of therapeutics for this debilitating condition.

Fifty percent of the population will experience some form of chronic pain within their life, especially patients that suffer from arthritis, cancer, diabetes, migraine, or nerve injuries. Despite the astonishing prevalence, there are few effective therapeutic options for these patients.

To this end, we have developed a novel, systematic strategy for identifying new components of the pain pathway using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Using this system we have identified ~600 new pain genes in Drosophila. Most of these have mammalian counterparts, and we are currently prioritising and confirming these genes one by one. For example, we have identified a component of a calcium channel (A2D3) as a component of the pain relay system in the brain. This work also led to identification of the first gene ever shown to play a role in sensory cross activation or synesthesia.

48 NEUROSCIENCE PROGRAM

Lder | Oeoporosis & Bo bioly | from December 2011

Professor Peter Croucher Professor Peter Croucher joined Garvan in December 2011 to take up a new Chair in Osteoporosis with Senior Research Assistant Jenny Down. funded by Mrs Janice Gibson and Ernest Heine Family Foundation. He succeeded Professor John Eisman as Leader of the Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Program.

Professor Croucher established himself as an international authority in the bone field over the last two decades. After completing post-doctoral training in the Department of Medicine at the University of Cambridge and later in the Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Sheffield (UK), he was awarded a prestigious five year Bennett Senior Fellowship by the Leukaemia Research Fund. After a period at Oxford University as a Senior Research Fellow, he returned to the University of Sheffield as Professor of Bone Biology in 2003, before becoming Head of the Department of Human Metabolism. While in Sheffield Peter founded the Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, an interdisciplinary centre focused upon addressing key questions in skeletal medicine.

With his current research focused upon osteoporosis, one of Peter's key interests is identifying the genes responsible for regulating the skeleton. An ongoing collaboration with colleagues at Imperial College, London and The Wellcome Trust Sangar Institute in the UK has identified a series of new genes that regulate the amount of bone in the skeleton. Importantly, a number of these genes increase the amount of bone in the skeleton and the strength of bone. These discoveries are playing an important role in developing new approaches to stimulating bone repair. Peter will expand this work at Garvan.

In addition to his research on osteoporosis Peter also has a long-standing interest in cancers that cause bone destruction. In particular, the blood cancer known as multiple myeloma is a long-standing research interest. In his words, "this is a particularly devastating haematological malignancy that only grows in the skeleton and causes devastating bone destruction". Using various animal models, his group, while in the UK, developed a number of ways of stopping the bone destruction caused by these cancer cells. Several of these discoveries have now been through clinical trials and are being translated into the clinic. They are also being applied to other cancers that grow in bone, such as metastatic breast and prostate cancers. The next challenge will be to stop these cancers growing in bone, an area which Peter will explore at Garvan.

As Bone Program Leader, Professor Croucher aims to expand the program by recruiting world-class researchers and a creating high-quality infrastructure to support the research that which will have an impact on common skeletal diseases.

PROFESSOR PETER CROUCHER 51

Lder | PrOfeor Jo Eism Ao | Uil 30.11.11

Professor Tuan Nguyen _ Expanded our work on the genetics of osteoporosis (top left) developed the Program Summary algorithm used in Osteoporosis affects the capacity for independent (including linkage analysis to identify novel loci Garvan's web-based living and also contributes to premature mortality that may be associated with bone phenotypes) to Fracture Risk Calculator, assess genetic roles in other major body now used by medical for men and women, younger and older. As professionals around the prevention is the best strategy for reducing this compositions including muscle mass and fat mass. world. He used data from large human and financial burden, we need to the Dubbo Osteoporosis _ Identified novel chromosomal regions that harbor Epidemiology Study, the improve our knowledge of the risk factors for world's longest running fracture; find ways to better assess treatments; osteoporosis genes in the world's first search for large-scale epidemiological improve our understanding of bone biology; and osteoporosis genes, as part of international study of osteoporotic collaborations using genome-wide analysis fractures in men and help identify new treatment possibilities. To this women. end, we have been working on several translational advanced technology. projects, including the on-going development and Dr Nguyen Nguyen _ Demonstrated that genetic profiling could (pictured with Prof refinement of our Garvan prognostic models for Nguyen) also worked on predicting fracture-associated adverse outcomes. enhance the prognosis of fracture. the Calculator. Garvan is in discussion with Merck We have collaborated with colleagues around the Sharp & Dohme to license world, including the US, Canada, Norway and the _ In collaboration with Westmead Children's Hospital, the rights to the calculator Netherlands to validate our predictive tools for developed a unique treatment regime for children for use on various digital with neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1), a bone platforms, including the absolute fragility fracture risk. Similar collaborations iPad and iPhone. are underway with the Geelong Osteoporosis Study disease that frequently results in limb amputation. (Melbourne), CAIFOS study (Perth) and other major cohorts in Norway, Holland, UK and New Zealand. _ Revealed that osteoclasts (bone removing cells) The model has been implemented in a web-based play a role in the actions of PTH (parathyroid tool, www.fractureriskcalculator.com, that is widely hormone), the only clear-cut anabolic treatment used by doctors and patients worldwide. available for osteoporosis.

Research Highlights _ Detailed the actions of neuropeptide Y in control of bone stem cell function. _ Noted an extraordinary and unexpected benefit of osteoporosis treatment - that people taking bisphosphonates are not only surviving well, People Highlights better than people without osteoporosis, they _ The Program has been strengthened with the appear to be gaining an extra five years of life. appointment of a new Leader, Professor Peter Croucher, as the inaugural Chair in Osteoporosis, _ Continued to recruit all major epidemiological funded by Mrs Janice Gibson and Ernest Heine studies worldwide to participate in our analyses of Family Foundation. We extend our thanks for this refining prediction of fracture risk and adverse generous support. outcomes from osteoporotic fractures. _ After 27 years Professor John Eisman, the _ In collaboration with colleagues at Vietnam founding director of the Osteoporosis and Bone National University in Ho Chi Minh City, conducted Biology Program moves to a new role as Director a study on ASEAN countries as a group, providing of Clinical Translation and Advanced Education. a useful snapshot of the scientific landscapes and This novel Garvan development has its initial focus capabilities of our regional neighbours, and how in osteoporosis and is aimed at streamlining the those attributes are likely to drive their economies. application of new basic and clinical knowledge to clinical care in the community and more efficient _ Reported findings of initial clinical studies of a and cost-effective health care. novel treatment, developed by Merck Sharp and Dohme, that reduces bone breakdown and which has major potential in osteoporosis treatment.

OSTEOPOROSIS & BONE BIOLOGY 53 _ Professor John Eisman has been _ Garvan bone researchers were awarded who would most benefit from existing appointed as a visiting Professor at the 6 orals presentations at the 33rd Annual therapies, as well as helping to identify University of Maastricht. This role, Scientific Meeting of the American targets for novel therapies. planned over several years, is key to our Society of Bone and Mineral Research in international epidemiology data San Diego and 2011 IOF Regionals - Fracture Prevention - Clinical Studies analyses. He was an invited speaker at 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Group Leader: Professor John Eisman AO the 16th Congress of the ASEAN Meeting in the Gold Coast. Our clinical studies group continues to Federation of Endocrine Societies, at the participate in Phase III international clinical US Endocrine Society and chaired the _ Bone Program students had the trials evaluating potential novel Symposium on Secondary Fracture following successes: Bich Tran graduated osteoporosis treatments. Most recently Prevention at the American Society for with a PhD and was appointed as a we have gained a role in testing of Bone and Mineral Research. postdoc researcher at the Queensland 'anabolic' treatments that lead to new Institute of Medical Research; PhD bone production. Involvement in these _ Professor Tuan Nguyen was invited by student Shuman Yang was awarded a studies helps ensure we remain at the the Osteoporosis Society in Vietnam to young investigator prize at the 2011 cutting edge of knowledge of novel chair and lecture at its 6th Annual IOF Regionals - 2nd Asia-Pacific therapies. These connections facilitate Scientific Meeting in Hoi An, July 2011. Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting held in access to major pharmaceutical clinical He chaired the scientific committee of conjunction with the Australian and New database sets in which we can expand our the 16th Congress of the ASEAN Zealand Bone Mineral Society Annual Dubbo findings. Federation of Endocrine Societies in Scientific Meeting and Japanese Society Ho Chi Minh City in November 2011. of Bone and Mineral Research; Mei Chan Professor Eisman's major focus on Clinical The meeting attracted more than (PhD student) and Dr. Nguyen D. Translation has led to the development of 1500 participants from Asia and Nguyen were awarded travel grants for the HELLO (Health Education for Longer around the world. presenting “hot topic research” at the Life - Osteoporosis) educational series. 33rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Through these series the Garvan Institute _ Dr Paul Baldock received an NHMRC American Society of Bone and Mineral is partnering with the premier scientific project grant. He and was invited to Research in San Diego. (Australia and New Zealand Bone and present a Meet the Professor Session Mineral Research Society) and patient at the 2011 American Society for Bone Research Groups organisations (Osteoporosis Australia) as and Mineral Society meeting in San well as the Australian Women's Coalition Diego. He was also invited to join the Population, individual and genetic and the Rural Heath Education Foundation Scientific Advisory Committee of the determinants of osteoporotic fracture (RHEF). This series, which is planned to Australian and New Zealand Bone and risk and their outcomes rollout across Australia, combines up-to- Mineral Society, as well as the Group leaders: Professor Tuan Nguyen date information for primary health care organising committee for the joint and Associate Professor Jackie Center (GPs) as well as Public education to set meeting of the International Bone and The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology up an environment in which more Mineral Society and the Japanese Study (DOES), which began in 1989, is appropriate health care can be achieved. Society of Bone and Mineral Research the world's longest running large-scale The linkage with the RHEF will facilitate in Kobe in 2013. epidemiological study of osteoporotic the most efficient delivery of this reliable fractures in men and women. The data information to rural and remote doctors _ Associate Professor Jackie Center was from this study have allowed us to and the public. invited to speak in a plenary session at develop powerful predictive models to the IOF Regionals ANZBMS (Australian identify men and women at high risk of Bone Biology and New Zealand Bone and Mineral fracture, and so who would benefit most Group Leader: Dr Paul Baldock Society) Annual Scientific Meeting in from preventative interventions. We have This group's research continues to be 2011 and invited to write a book formed international collaborations to focused upon understanding how the chapter for Osteoporosis and the Primer explore in more detail predictors for brain controls bone formation and in Metabolic Bone Diseases and adverse outcomes following fracture strength. This work continues its close Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. including re-fracture and mortality collaborations with researchers in the following our initial Dubbo findings. Neuroscience Program using unique _ Ms Iris Wong's PhD thesis was accepted. transgenic mouse models. These Our search for new osteoporosis genes is investigations have expanded from an _ Ms Ayse Zengin received a Young continuing in large-scale international initial focus on neurotransmitter Investigator Award from the collaborations. We are developing tools to Neuropeptide Y (NPY) to other integrated International Bone and Mineral Society. predict those at high (and low) risk for neurotransmitters that regulate the Ayse also won the AMGEN Best osteoporosis and fractures. This insight production of bone and its strength and Presentation Award at the International will direct the focus of preventative the tightly linked control of body Osteoporosis Foundation Asia-Pacific activities on osteoporosis or other health composition, including fat and lean mass, Regional Meeting. concerns, as most appropriate. and clinically important responses to stress. This work is leading to novel _ Dr. Nguyen D. Nguyen passed his AMC Establishing how clinical factors and targets and new approaches to treatment. medical qualification with the absolute genetic factors interact to affect bone mark of 100%. biology will help identify those individuals

Professor John Eisman and Associate Professor Jackie Center (standing) with visiting Norwegians, Professor Haakon E. Meyer and PhD student Helene Devold. Professor Haakon and Ms Devold (from the University of Oslo) are doing collaborative work with Garvan on behalf of NOREPOS (Norwegian Epidemiological Osteoporosis Studies), a research collaboration network from five different scientific institutions across Norway.

54 OSTEOPOROSIS & BONE BIOLOGY

Technology is an important component of Australian Cancer Research Foundation Molecular Imaging Facility consists of a being competitive in medical science. (ACRF) facility houses equipment that can number of state-of-the-art microscopes, Garvan's core research facilities contain detect and analyse genomic and which are capable of imaging tissue, cells, state-of-the-art equipment that enables epigenomic variations on a large scale. organelles inside cells and even individual our scientists to perform the necessary Diverse platforms and robotics are molecules in live cells. Using techniques experiments to understand disease available for facilitating research within such as total internal reflection processes better. Highly trained managers and outside Garvan. The facility strives to fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, it is oversee the facilities which are also achieve high-throughput, sensitivity, possible to image events occurring on or available to external researchers. accuracy and cost effectiveness. In near the surface of a cell. Laser scanning addition to capillary sequencing, the confocal microscopy can precisely image Antibody Development (ADL) facility facility offers an SNP genotyping and 'slices' of samples, which can then be focuses on the generation of monoclonal methylation quantification service. In reconstructed into a 3D representation antibodies against targets from the Garvan collaboration with the ABR DNA for analysis. The recently acquired research programs. Monoclonal antibodies extraction service in Moss Vale, the ACRF multiphoton microscope captures images represent almost half of all drugs entering facility also offers a mouse genotyping deep within living tissue and the electron clinical studies, with more than $30 billion service that is available for all researchers microscope can resolve structures way sales worldwide in 2010. The ADL provides in NSW. beyond the limits of conventional light an essential platform for translational microscopy. With these tools, Garvan research at Garvan and is developing new Clinical Research Facility (CRF) is a scientists have the best possible means of antibody-based drug candidates. It also unique resource dedicated to the conduct identifying where and when molecules of provides support for academic research of research in people. It provides a vital interest are in normal tissue and how this within all Garvan programs. interface between discoveries in the may differ in disease. laboratory and their evaluation in people. Australian BioResources (ABR) facility, The facility, staffed by highly skilled nurses Peter Wills Bioinformatics Centre applies based in Moss Vale, breeds genetically and clinical investigators, has a range of techniques from fields like physics, modified mice under clean conditions for support services and state-of-the-art chemistry, applied mathematics, statistics Garvan and 10 partner institutes, all equipment to evaluate new therapies. and computer science to achieve a involved in medical research. Additional genome-wide understanding of biology services provided include the import and The MLC Community Foundation Flow and disease. During 2011 we added 20 export of mice, rederivation, embryo and Facility is a world-class cytometry facility analytical tools to our GenePattern sperm freezing, DNA preparation that provides cell sorting and analysis analysis environment and continued to interfacing with Garvan's mouse services to Garvan and the St Vincent's grow our microarray archive, caArray. genotyping service, and microinjection Research Precinct as well as the wider to produce novel transgenic lines. research community. While the facility As high-throughput sequencing costs can visualise, identify and localise a wide have continued to fall we saw large The Biological Testing Facility (BTF), variety of particles (including cells, sequence-driven projects like 1000 located at Garvan Darlinghurst, receives bacteria, algae, microparticles and even genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas mice from ABR for holding during marine microorganisms) the bulk of its rapidly expand, and had more Garvan experimentation. The BTF contains both work lies in identifying and sorting researchers embracing high-throughput standard and specialised holding facilities mammalian cells for the understanding sequencing for their own projects and to enable a range of research activity and treatment of diseases such as cancer, begin using data from these large under clean containment conditions. The diabetes and a range of immunological sequence-driven projects. A large BTF is being refurbished in 2011 and disorders. Modern flow cytometers can equipment grant from Cancer Institute 2012 to allow effective logistics support assess the physical and functional NSW will see the establishment of a 1000 and integration with The Kinghorn Cancer characteristics of cells at up to 200,000 core computer cluster with expanded Centre's animal imaging facilities. BTF events per second and can rapidly identify storage on a very fast computer network. staff provide training and support for and sort populations that could be easily The cluster will empower users to do their research staff in the use and care of missed by other techniques. The facility is own high-throughput sequencing animals during research. currently one of Australia's largest core analyses and analyse data from these cytometry facilities and provides access large sequencing studies using a software to some of the most technologically system called Galaxy. advanced instrumentation in the world.

CORE RESEARCH FACILITIES 57 _ Undertook joint OHS and HR initiatives component of this grant will be the Growth in Scientific File Storage Capacity to promote health and wellbeing activities, installation of a 1000-core high services and information to staff, performance computer (HPC) server 180 TeraBytes (TB) including free influenza vaccinations. due to be installed in early 2012. This

computing capability will now allow 160 _ Ran an in-house management course Garvan's researchers to ask and answer for developing leadership skills among the complex research questions posed 140 promising research and administrative by modern genome-based medical staff. research. 120 _ Increased resourcing for research and _ Developed and released additional grants administration to ensure that capability in information management 100 Garvan's researchers are provided with tools such as CanSto for research in high levels of support and assistance in pancreatic, breast, prostate and lung 80 managing their grant funds, and that cancer, as well as mesothelioma (for

the Institute complies with its the Asbestos Disease Research 60 obligations under funding agreements Institute) and pituitary disease. A new and other regulatory aspects of Mass Spectrometry information 40 conducting research. management solution was deployed that, for the first time, allows Garvan _ Undertook the complete re-membraning researchers to answer questions about 20 of levels 11 and 12 to prevent water how their proteins behave across leaking to level 10 laboratories. multiple experiments. 0

06 07 08 09 10 10 11 11 _ Converted several rooms on level 4 to _ Enhanced 'Stuart', the application Start End June End accommodate the establishment of a developed in-house for management next-generation sequencing facility. of animal breeding and research. New file server

_ Carried out controller upgrades to all 17 _ Increased the number of cages held at Old file server fume cupboards in the building - the Australian BioResources facility providing more accurate user (ABR) from 8,000 in January to 9,500 information, greater efficiency in by the end of 2011, moving the operation and future expandability. facility to 65% capacity.

_ Completed major works that _ Increased ABR partners from 7 to 10, significantly increase Garvan's with ANZAC Institute, researchers at computing capability. Two large Monash University and one researcher upgrades to the main file server saw at University of Wollongong signing dramatic increases in Garvan's ability to partnership agreements. store and manage the huge volumes of scientific data pouring out of high-end _ Appointed a Scientific Services scientific tools (see graph). Manager at ABR to introduce new services including sperm freezing _ Installed additional uninterruptable and microinjection. power supply (required to keep the computer servers safe in the event of _ Renovated several rooms in the former fluctuations in power supply) as well as breeding area of the Biological Testing additional cooling capacity. Much of this Facility (BTF). This has provided work was funded by a $1m CINSW additional procedures rooms, an grant successfully proposed by Dr expanded immunodeficient suite and Warren Kaplan of the Peter Wills specialised labs for hearing studies. Bioinformatics Centre. The final Further renovation of this facility will take place in 2012.

58 MANAGEMENT HIGHLIGHTS Overview Business Development The Business Development team works Advisory Council with the biotech and pharmaceutical sector Business Development Advisory Council and other organisations to translate Garvan's (BDAC) provides strategic advice to research discoveries to clinical use. Business Development. BDAC has several representatives from the biotech and Engaging with Garvan's researchers, the pharmaceutical industries. Business Development team is responsible for all aspects of commercialisation from Dr Lisa McIntyre (Chair) capturing intellectual property and Director, L.E.K. Consulting identifying development opportunities through to negotiation of industry Professor John Shine AO FAA, agreements. Importantly, it establishes Executive Director, Garvan collaborations with organisations and companies who have additional Dr George Moore, technologies which greatly increase the External Director potential for Garvan's breakthroughs to be developed for clinical use. Dr Merilyn Sleigh, External Director The Garvan patent portfolio comprises 21 patent families covering treatment, Dr Mike Hirshorn (deceased diagnostics and screening categories. November 2011), Director, Four Hats Capital G2 Therapies Garvan's most clinically advanced program Mr Manoj Santiago, is through G2 Therapies, a private Partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers company chaired by Dr John Schubert AO. Mr John Dakin, G2 has an exclusive licensing agreement Chief Operating Officer, Garvan with Danish healthcare company Novo Nordisk to develop an anti-C5aR Ms Christina Hardy, antibody. Anti-C5aR antibody treatment, Director, Business Development & Legal currently in clinical trials, holds promise for Affairs, Garvan a number of inflammatory conditions including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Professor Trevor Biden, other autoimmune diseases. Diabetes & Obesity Research Program, Garvan

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 59

Life Governors Partners for the Future Mrs Virginia Kahlbetzer Allind Pty Limited Mrs Margaret Adams Ms Lili Koch Amadeus Energy Limited Ronelle Adams Mr John J Lanigan Mr John Armati Mr Don Anstey Roberta Lauchlan & Barry Thompson ASX Group Ms Wilhelmina Antoniesen Mary Lawson Australian Cancer Research Foundation Dr W Michael Baker Elizabeth Lee The Blundy Family David & Robyn Barnett Mrs Adell Littlejohn Mr Charles P Curran AC Ms James Belger Ms Maria Lydaki The Curran Foundation Mr Peter Binnie Mrs Gwenda Macdonald Peter & Val Duncan Ken Bloxsom Dr Norman Marshall Lady Mary Fairfax AC OBE Ms Linda Booth Doreen Martin Ferris Family Foundation Mr Earle & Mrs Marlene Boutwell Mr Lance Matheson Mr Laurence S Freedman AM Mr & Mrs Alan & Anne Boyle D J McCarthy Elizabeth Fyffe Dr William R Bradford Stuart McCulloch Mr James Patrick Garvan & Family Mary Brauer W J & P A McNamara Mrs Janice Gibson & Ernest Heine Drs Ruth & Des Bright Mrs Mabs Melville Family Foundation Bernard & Barbara Brown Miss Helen Morgan Mr Berel Ginges Ken & Betty Brown Mary & Herbert Morris Mrs Agnes Ginges Mrs Diana Bryers Miss Joan Murphy Mr Cyril Golding John Campbell Mrs Carol A O'Carroll William A & Laura H Gruy Mr Angelo Casella Gary Lindsay O'Leary Mr Paul & Mrs Judy Hennessy Mrs Judith Clark Mr Peter Olive HIH Insurance Mrs Robyn Collings Mrs Lesley Powell Mr Pieter H Huveneers Gwenda Cooksey Mrs Judy Radecki Mrs Virginia Kahlbetzer Mr Rodney F Darke Dr Judith Reynolds Mr T Kennedy AM & Mrs C Kennedy Mrs Cristine Davison Ms Helen Richards Mr Ralph & Mrs Lorraine Keyes Mrs Luise de Longueville Kathy Rockwell The Kinghorn Foundation Mr Tom Devitt Tanya Roddan Roy & Cindy Manassen Mrs Marlene Dixon Ms Coral Saunders Mrs Mabs Melville Mr Peter Dixon Miss Thelma Shepherd MLC Community Foundation Mr John Dobies Mrs Dorothy Silva National Australia Bank Ltd Mr Alan Durham Bruce Smith Dr Graham O'Neill Mrs Valda Eastment Kathryn Ann Smith The Late Mr K Packer AC Ms Daile Falconer Mrs Cynthia Southwell Mrs Roslyn Packer AO Mr Gabriel & Mrs Joan Farago Mrs Liese-Lore Spring Greg & Kerry Paramor Ms Jan Foster Nicola J Stahl George Patterson Pty Ltd Michael & Joy Foulsham Mr & Mrs Peter Sturrock The Petersen Family Elizabeth Fyffe Mr Leonard Towers The Petre Foundation Mr Neville Glover Mr & Mrs Eric & Pauline Vail The Lady Proud Foundation Mr & Mrs William & Jacqueline Goodyear Mrs Judith Wheeldon AM The Bill and Patricia Ritchie Foundation Miss Flo Greene Dr Eva Wicki Mr Tim & Mrs Sally Sims Angela Guildford Ms Barbara Williams Mr Robert Strauss MBE Ms Barbara Henderson Ms Faye Margaret Williams Mr Laurie Sutton John Thomas Hill Miss Vivienne Windsor Dr John Tonkin Ms Heather Patricia Hindle Westfield Holdings Ltd Mr Lionel Hirning E J Whitten Foundation Byram & Deborah Johnston Witchery Mrs Florence Jones

Australian philanthropist Mr Daniel Petre (right) with Professor Rob Sutherland, holder of the Petre Foundation Chair in Breast Cancer Research at Garvan. In 2011 the Foundation donated $2 million to enable the new Petre Foundation Chair of Prostate Cancer Research at Garvan in partnership with the University of Sydney.

GARVAN COMMUNITY 61 Volunteers Australian Research Council Mr Denis Cleary Mrs Janet Barkell Australian Securities & Investments Mr Gordon Clowes Mrs Deirdre Blakemore Commission Club Cronulla Mrs Leona C Blanco Avner Nahmani Pancreatic Cancer Ms Kylie Coates Miss Heesun Chung Foundation Coca-Cola Amatil Ms Margarita Field Mrs & Mr Helen & David Baffsky AO Mr Geoffrey Cohen Mrs Marea Fillis Baiada Poultry Mr Timothy Cohen Miss Lyndie Hemery Bain & Company Colin Biggers & Paisley Mr Howard Houliston Reverend Peter Baines Ms Joellin Comerford Mrs Lynne Jones Mr Harrie Baker Commonwealth Bank Mrs Juliet Kirkpatrick Mr Anthony Bannon Conga Foods Pty Ltd Miss Olympia Knight Mr Douglas Battersby Consonic Pty Ltd Mr Anthony Lam Mrs Angela & Mr Marco Belgiorno Zegna Rebecca L Cooper Medical Research Mrs Eileen Vesey Mr Joe Bieniek Foundation Mr John McInerney Bill Burcher Foundation The Corio Foundation Mr Ken McKinnon Mrs Kaye Blaiklock Brett & Susan Courtenay Miss Kate Montgomery Blakelands Pty Limited Craig Mostyn & Co Pty Ltd Mr Bob Neilson BNP Paribas Mr Lawrence Crowley Mrs Joan Neilson Bondi Junction Waverley RSL Sub Branch CSR Limited Ms Mary S Petkovic Boston Medical Centre Ms Pauline Cash Cumming Mrs Jean Pushong Mr Peter Bower Cure Cancer Australia Foundation Mrs Julie Reid Braemac Pty Ltd Mr Charles P Curran AC Mr Samuel Towarnicki Drs Ruth & Des Bright The Curtis Family Mr Bill Upton Ms W Brook Mr & Mrs Robert & Beryl Cusick Ken & Betty Brown Mrs Margaret Daly 2011 Garvan Supporters Mr Norman Brunsdon Mrs Martha Danos Mrs Kate Buchanan Mr Rodney F Darke A I Topper & Co Mr Graham Buckeridge Mr & Mrs Kamlesh & Swati Dave Ms Elizabeth Abbott Mr Lothar Bulla Mrs Barbara Davis Abey Family Foundation BUPA Health Foundation Professor & Dr Jeremy & Jessica Davis Accenture Burton Taylor PPF Foundation Mrs Lynne Davis ACP Publishing Pty Limited Burwood RSL Club Ltd Hon Mrs Ashley Dawson-Damer Mr C R Adamson The Michael & Andrew Buxton Foundation Mr Erik De Haart Michael Ahrens Mr & Mrs W & G M Bylhouwer Mr & Mrs Tony & Coleen De Saxe Mr Len Ainsworth Leo Byrne Demonstration Plus Pty Ltd Ms Jane Allen Mr Ian Cairns Mr Jonathan Denovan Dr Lyn Allen Mr & Mrs Alan & Cecilia Calder Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Amadeus Energy Limited Mrs Helen Callander Department of Health and Ageing Amgen Mr Bruce Cameron Department of Industry, Innovation, Mr Neil Anderson Mr Rod Cameron Science, Research and Tertiary Education The Anglican Parish of Plympton Cancer Australia Mr David Deverall In Memory of Anne Martin Cancer Council NSW Diabetes Australia Research Trust Mr Don Anstey Cancer Institute NSW Diageo Australia ANZ Executors & Trustee Company Limited Cannings Advisory Services P/L Geoff & Dawn Dixon Ariadne Australia Ltd Mr Tony Carlton Mr Leonard Dixon Arnott's Biscuits Limited Carlton United Breweries Ms Rochelle Dizon Ascham School Mr Paul Carroll Mrs Bette Dolman Mr Martin Ash Mr Alex Cartel Mr Jim T Dominguez CBE AM ASX Group Mr Stephan Center Ms Catherine Dovey Asthma Foundation NSW Mr Adrian A Cester Mrs Joan Doyle Australian Cancer Research Foundation CHAMP Private Equity Pty Ltd Mrs Evelyn Duggan Australian Diabetes Society Mr Chris Chapman & Dr Cath Chapman Dunstan Family Foundation Australian Discworld Convention (NSW) Mr Ross Chapman Ms Carol Durkin Australian New Zealand Breast Cancer Mr & Mrs Stephen & Mary Charlesworth Mr Phil Durney Trials Group Mr & Mrs Julie & Willie Cheng Eastaugh & Carroll

62 GARVAN COMMUNITY Mr Simon Edgar Mrs Elizabeth Grenfell Mrs A Kirby Mr Andrew Eger Mrs Enid Griffin Mr David Knox Mr & Mrs Allan & Lynne Ekholm Mr & Mrs Yoram & Sandra Gross Mr Benedikt Koch Mr W A B Elder William A & Laura H Gruy Mr Theodore Kyriacos The Embroiderers Guild NSW Inc - Mr Robert Hain Ms Eve Lalich Frenchs Forest Group R T Hall Estate John Lamble Foundation Energizer Australia Hallidays Heating & Cooling Mr Robert Landeros Ethos Australia Pty Ltd Hamilton Foundation Mr Michael Leahy F & J Ryan Foundation Justice Ken Handley Ms Helen Lee Mrs Gwenyth Falson Mrs Ann Hanson Mrs P Lee Mr W R Farley Mr & Mrs H & E Harries Mr Tony Lee Miss Jane Farrell Mr Michael Harte Mr Robert Leece AM RFD Felicia Garvan Gift Fund Betty Haugh Leighton Holdings Limited Mr Grant Fenn Mr Peter Haydon Lemoar Nominees Pty Limited Mr Jonathan Fennel Bill & Alison Hayward Mrs Daphne L'Estrange Ferris Family Foundation Heliflite Pty Limited Mrs Linda Leupen Mr Ronald Ficarra Mrs Jane Hemstritch Levitt Robinson Solicitors Finlaysons Mr Lionel Hirning Lidia Perin Foundation Firehold Pty Ltd Mr Martin Hoffman Lifestyle Communities Mrs Jill Firmstone J Holden Family Foundation Lifestyle Financial Services Mr Greg Fisher Mrs Jessica Beryl Hore Mr BengChoon Lim Mrs Margaret Fitzpatrick Mr Ronald Houghton Lion Fivex Property Group Mrs Sue Howieson Lion Australia Mr Simon Flack Human Frontier Science Program Lions Club of Hawkesbury Bells Line Inc. Fonterra Brands (Australia) Mr Richard Humphry Mr John Brian Little Ms Jane Forster & Mr Glenn Eggleton Stanley Hunt OAM Mr Shane Lloyd Dr Bob Frater Mr Pieter H Huveneers Mr Michael Lowe Mr & Mrs Gordon & Jeanne Frost Ingham Enterprises Pty Ltd Ms Maria Lydaki Elizabeth Fyffe ISG Foundation Ms Helen Lynch AM Eric & Tonia Gale Mr Peter Ivany AM & Mrs Sharon Ivany M H Carnegie & Co Mr Ivan Gantar Mr John Jacobs MacDougall Family Endowment Mr Justin H Gardener The Hon Justice Peter M Jacobson Ms Maureen Macfarlan Garnett Passe & Rodney Williams Mr William Jauncey Mr Ross Macpherson Memorial Foundation The Jenour Foundation Mr D & Mrs K Magarey Gastroenterological Society of Australia Mr Stephen Johns Mallesons Stephen Jaques Ms Lynette Gearing Mr Graham J Johnson Roy & Cindy Manassen General Mills Mr Tom Johnston Mr R & Mrs S Maple-Brown George Weston Foods Ltd Mr David Jones Mason Foundation Medical and Scientific Mr Gabriel Giamas Dr G E Jordan Research Grants Mrs Janice Gibson & Ernest Heine Family Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation The Hon John & Mrs Dympna Matthews Foundation Kailis Bros MaxFoods Mr Andrew D Giles Dr Colleen Kane Dennis & Christine McConnell Lucy Giumelli Saini Trust Mr & Ms Keith & Judith Kay Mr Murray McGain John Glennie Mr & Mrs Patrick & Beryl Keane Ms Enid McGarry Cherie Glick & family for Joe Mrs Helen J Keir Mr Peter McGovern Ms Leone Glynn Professor Geoffrey Kellerman AO Dr Lisa McIntyre The GO Fund - Royal Hospital for Women Mrs Sharon Kelly Miss Janice McLay - Australian Diabetes Mr Cyril Golding John & Connie Kennedy Charitable Trust Council Mr & Mrs William & Jacqueline Goodyear Mr Steve Kennedy WJ & PA McNamara Mr Alan Goodwin Mr Ralph & Mrs Lorraine Keyes McPhee Freight Ms Michelle Gordon Mr Virendra Khanna McWilliam's Wines Group Mr Murray Gordon The Kibblewhite Endowment Mrs Mabs Melville Grant Family Charitable Fund Mr Li-Yen Kim Merck Sharp & Dohme graysonline.com Mr Wal King AO Mr & Mrs Doug & Eveline Milne Sharon Green The Kinghorn Foundation Mr Phillip Mitchelhill

GARVAN COMMUNITY 63 MLC Community Foundation In Memory of Mrs Frances Pizzolato Ms Jillian Segal AM & Mr John Roth Geoff & Jan Moles Mr V John Plummer Mr Julian Segal Mr Simon Mordant AM & Mrs Catriona Mr Brian Poirrier Servier Laboratories Australia Pty Ltd Mordant Ms Renee Pollack Mr & Mrs T & J Shanahan Mrs Catherine Moroney Ms Joan Poole Mrs D Shannon Dr Kenneth Moss Mr John C Porter & Mrs Susan M Mougey Mandy Shannon Memorial Trust Mrs Amanda Mostyn Mr & Mrs Samuel Poux-Guillaume Ms Lindsey Shaw Mr Richard Mostyn Premier Media Group Walter & Edith Sheldon Ms Karyn Mottershead Dr Barry Price Mr Wayne Sidwell Mr Tony Mouatt Procter & Gamble Australia Ms Linda Sim Miss Joan Murphy Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia Simplot Australia Pty Limited Mr Peter Murphy The Lady Proud Foundation Mrs Lorna Simpson National Breast Cancer Foundation Rosemary Pryor Foundation Mr Tim & Mrs Sally Sims National Health and Medical Research Mr David Pulsford Skipper-Jacobs Charitable Trust Council PZ Cussons Mrs Gail Smith Mr Terence Neill Qantas Airways Limited Mrs Jennifer M Smith Nestle Australia Limited RAAF Association St George Branch Sandra & Barry Smorgon OAM Mr Paul Neumeyer Incorporated Snack Brands Australia Mr Keith Newton Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Foundations for Spinal Cure Australia Ms Hilary Nicholson Biomedical Research St Vincent's Clinic Foundation Mr Robert Nixon Elizabeth Ramsden Miss Alison Stephen Mr & Mrs Leigh & Binnie Norman Mr Roy Randall Mrs Wendy Stewart Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd Reckitt Benckiser Mr & Mrs Geoffrey & Wendy Stops NSW Office for Medical Research Mr Jean Redman Mark & Dana Strong Nudie Brad & Lisa Rees Ms Joyce Strong Oakwood Products Region 3 Supermarkets SunRice Mr Michael O'Dea AM & Mrs Marianne Mrs Velma Reibelt Professor Rob Sutherland AO O'Dea Mr David Reid Mr Laurie Sutton Mr John O'Farrell Josef Reisinger Foundation Pty Ltd Mr Jim Sweeny Ognis Pty Ltd Renshaw Foundation Swing Shift Nurses Dr Geoffrey S Oldfield Retire@Ease Financial Planning Sydney Airport Ladies Association Mr Ian Oldmeadow The Returned and Services League of Mr Nick Tait OBE & Mrs Mimi Tait Mr Anthony Olivier Australia Mr Harry Tamvakeras Ondas Holdings Pty Ltd Richard Crookes Construction Mrs Rosemary Taylor Janette Mary O'Neil Dr Jack Richards Victoria Taylor The Rodney & Judith O'Neil Foundation Mr John Richards Terranovate Dr Graham O'Neill Mr Andrew Richardson Ms Ellesha Theobald Ms Janice O'Shea The Ross Trust Therapeutic Innovation Australia Mr Wayne O'Toole Mrs Nora Rowe Mr Anthony Thomas Pacific Equity Partners Mr Peter Rowe Mr Robert B Thomas Mrs Roslyn Packer AO Royal Australasian College of Physicians Mr Andrew Thompson Greg & Kerry Paramor Rupertswood Horse Club Mr Raja Thuraisingham Dr Michael Pasfield S C Johnson & Son Pty Limited Dr Bernadette Tobin Ian Paul Mr Martin Sachs TorchMedia Mr & Ms Susan & Doug Pearson San Remo Macaroni Company Pty Ltd Tour de Cure Mrs Ann Pedersen Sanofi-Aventis Australia Mr Phillip Townsend Perfection Fresh Australia Pty Ltd Sanwa Pty Ltd Troy Thompson Hairdressing Mr Douglas Perry Mr D & Mrs A Saul Mr Walter Turnbull The Petersen Family Say Family Foundation Tusa Pty Ltd The Petre Foundation Schweppes Australia Mrs A Udy Dr Sang G Phan Mr Warren Scott Unilever Australasia Philosophy Pty Ltd Mr Laurie W Seaman University of New South Wales Mrs Kate Pippia Mr Graham See Mr Peter Unwin

64 GARVAN COMMUNITY Mr Ian Vale Jetstar Ms Kay Vernon Ms Amanda Keller and Mr Brendan Jones Vittoria Coffee Lindt & Sprungli John & Megan Wade Lindwall & Ward Printing Wade Civil Engineering Pty Ltd The London Lakes Partnership Mrs Caroline Walder Ms Anthea Loucas Mr James Waley Simon and Catriona Mordant Mr Ronald Walker Office of the Governor General Mr John Walsh Opera Australia Richard & Sue Walsh Paspaley Mr Robert J Walsh Mr Neil Perry Dr J R Warneford Prime Audio Visual Mr Kevin Webb Qantas Airways Limited Ms Alexandra Wedutenko Mr Leo Robba Mr Michael Weekes Ms Bernadette Robinson & Mr Paul Ms Deanne Weir Noonan Wellcom Group Limited Roses Only & Hampers Only Wellcome Trust Mr John Singleton AM Mr Robert White SEL E J Whitten Foundation Starwood Hotels and Resorts Ms Janine Williams Stringspace Mrs Lyn Williams AM Sydney Theatre Company Peter Wills AC Troy Thompson Hairdressing Mr Brian Wilson Ms Virginia Trioli Mr Raymond Wilson Wild Bush Luxury Witchery Mr & Mrs Peter & Ann Wolstenholme Bequests Wood Family Foundation Estate of the Late Jennifer Alison Mr & Mrs Jack & Leah Woolf Estate of the Late Gloria M Backhus Mr Greg Woolley Estate of the Late Ian F Bruce The Wrigley Company Estate of the Late Michael Burrow XLP Research Trust Estate of the Late Denzil de Ferrars Mr R Yeates Carrington Mr & Mrs J & K Yorke Estate of the Late Beryl E Carroll Mr Derek Young Estate of the Late Beryl Collier Mr Harrison Young Estate of the Late John George Crooks Estate of the Late Margaret Darbyshire Garvan Gala Supporters Estate of the Late Phyllis H Desmond Bright Red Oranges Estate of the Late Luba Genov Mr Guillaume Brahimi Estate of the Late Anna Gonda Dakota Media Estate of the Late Alan Hellicar Mr Serge Dansereau Estate of the Late Douglas E Maguire Geoff & Dawn Dixon Estate of the Late Gabriele Marx Mr Bill Ferris AC Estate of the Late Leslie McAllister Fresh Catering Estate of the Late Henry T Melvold Funktionality Estate of the Late Shirley M Power Ghost Elite Charters Estate of the Late George Quigg Globecast Australia Estate of the Late Maxwell John Richards Grandiflora by Saskia Havekes Estate of the Late Violet W Saint Hayman Estate of the Late Raymond J Small Hamilton Island Enterprises Estate of the Late Betty H Stephen Mr James Hendy Estate of the Late Jean H Stephen Hutchings Pianos Estate of the Late David Story IML Estate of the Late Una Taylor

GARVAN COMMUNITY 65

Garvan Institute Board Resources, Energy and Tourism. He joined the Australian Public Service in March 2009 as First William D Ferris AC Assistant Secretary in the Department of the Prime Chairman Minister & Cabinet. Mr Hoffman previously had a lengthy private sector career primarily in digital Bill Ferris AC Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital Mr Bill Ferris is Executive Chairman of the CHAMP media and technology, including as CEO of Private Equity Group, one of Australia's leading NineMSN, Australia's largest internet media private capital groups, providing venture capital, company, and as a venture capital investor and expansion capital and management buyout funding executive to smaller companies. He also held senior in Australasia. Mr Ferris is Chairman of the Health management roles with Fairfax Media and Optus. and Hospitals Fund Advisory Board as part of the Federal Government's Nation-building Funds Annette Cunliffe RSC Warren Scott initiative and in October 2011 joined the expert Nominated by the Sisters of Charity panel for the Federal Government's Strategic Sister Annette attended St Vincent's College Potts Review of Medical Research in Australia. Former Point before becoming a Sister of Charity. She directorships include: Chairman, Australian Trade completed a BSc (UNSW), Diploma of Education Commission (Austrade), Austar United (UNE), Master of Education (Hons) (UNSW) and Communications Limited, and Bradken Resources PhD (Griffith), meanwhile teaching in secondary Pty Ltd. Mr Ferris is also a director of the Garvan colleges in various states, then holding the position Research Foundation and member of the Harvard of Senior Lecturer at Australian Catholic University. Martin Hoffman Business School Asia Pacific Advisory Board. Mr From 1996-2002 and since 2002 Sister Annette Ferris was made an Officer in the Order of Australia has been Leader of the Sisters of Charity of in 1990 for services to the export industry and in Australia. She has held the positions of President of 2008 was made Companion in the Order of Australia Conference of Leaders of Religious Institutes (CLRI; for his philanthropic activities and his role in the NSW) and Inaugural Chair of the Stewardship Board establishment of the private equity sector in Australia. of Catholic Health Australia and served on a number of incorporated boards.

Annette Cunliffe RSC Warren Scott Treasurer (from August) Nicholas Curtis AM Nominated by the NSW Minister for Health (until August) Mr Warren Scott is the General Counsel of the Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital Australian Prudential Regulation Authority and Mr Nicholas Curtis has a background in investment former Managing Director and the General Counsel banking and the resources industry. He is Executive of Citigroup in Australia. He was formerly the Chairman of Lynas Corporation Limited, an Chairman of the Woolcock Institute of Medical Australian public company specialising in rare earths. Nicholas Curtis AM Research, as well as a delegate to the Australian Mr Curtis is the Chairman of Forge Resources American Leadership Dialogue. He is a member of Limited and of the corporate advisory firm, the Law Society of New South Wales, the Riverstone Advisory Pty Limited. He served as a American Bar Association, the New York Bar non-executive director of Conquest Mining Limited Association, the Australian Law Council, and the from 12 May 2010 to 18 October 2011 prior to California Bar Association. Mr Scott is admitted as the company's restructure to become Evolution a solicitor in New South Wales and as a lawyer in Mining. Mr Curtis also serves as Chairman of Faces New York and California. in the Street Urban Mental Health Research Institute at St Vincent's Hospital Sydney. He previously Martin Hoffman served as Chairman of the Board of St Vincents & Treasurer (until August) Mater Health Sydney from 2004-2009 and as a Nominated by the Sisters of Charity director of St Vincent's Health Australia Ltd and St Mr Martin Hoffman is currently the Deputy Vincent's Healthcare Ltd from 2004-2010. Secretary of the Commonwealth Department of

GOVERNANCE 67 Geoff Dixon Chang Cardiac Research Institute. Ms Keating was Nominated by the Garvan Research Foundation the General Manager, Australia for United Airlines Mr Geoff Dixon was Managing Director and Chief from 1993-2001. Executive Officer of Qantas Airways Limited from 2001-2008. He joined Qantas in 1994 and was Lisa McIntyre Geoff Dixon also Chief Commercial Officer and, for two years, Nominated by the Federal Minister for Health Deputy Chief Executive. He has also worked in the Dr Lisa McIntyre is a non-executive director of the media, mining and government sectors. Mr Dixon is HCF Group, and I-MED Australia. She is also a currently Chairman of the Australian Government's member of the Commercial Executive Committee major tourism marketing organisation, Tourism of CSIRO. Dr McIntyre was formally a senior partner Australia, and Chairman of the Garvan Research with LEK Consulting in Boston and Sydney where Foundation and Queensland Events. He sits on the she led the firm's Asia Pacific Life Science and

John Horvath AO boards of publicly listed Australian companies Health Care practice. She has spent the majority of Crown Limited, Consolidated Media Holdings and her career as a strategy consultant advising Facilitate Digital. He is on the boards of Voyages companies and organisations in the health and life Indigenous Tourism Australia, the Museum of sciences sector on growth strategies and performance Contemporary Art and the Great Barrier Reef improvement. Dr McIntyre continues to serve as a Foundation, and is an Ambassador for the Senior Advisor to LEK Consulting in Australia. Australian Indigenous Education Foundation. Annette Pantle Anne Keating John Horvath AO (from October) Nominated by the Federal Minister for Health Nominated by the Sisters of Charity Professor John Horvath was the Australian Dr Annette Pantle completed her MBBS at the Government Chief Medical Officer from 2003- University of Sydney before pursuing a career in 2009. He is currently continuing to advise the rural general practice and then metropolitan medical Department of Health & Ageing and the School of administration. Dr Pantle also holds a Masters of Medicine, University of Sydney, and holds the Public Health, a Graduate Diploma from the position of Honorary Professor of Medicine. He is Australian Institute of Company Directors and Lisa McIntyre currently a member of Council of the NHMRC, Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of Chairman of the Healthcare Committee and of the Medical Administrators. She also holds a Fellowship Prosthesis Listing Advisory Committee of the of the Australasian Association for Quality in Health Australian Government. Professor Horvath is an Care and is the current president of that independent non-executive director of Crown Ltd organisation. Dr Pantle most recently served as the Crown Ltd and Crown Melbourne Ltd. Professor Director Clinical Practice Improvement for the NSW Horvath is a fellow of the Royal Australasian College Clinical Excellence Commission - a statutory health Annette Pantle of Physicians and is a distinguished practitioner, corporation with responsibility for building capacity researcher and teacher. Professor Horvath was for quality and safety improvement and reporting to previously a clinical professor of medicine at University the NSW Minister for Health. Dr Pantle was of Sydney, a specialist renal physician at Royal responsible for the development and Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA), and Area Director of implementation of clinical quality improvement Renal Services for the RPA and Concord Repatriation projects and programs across NSW Health, General hospitals. He is also known as a leader in a incorporating evidence into practice and instituting range of medical training and workforce organisations. change management and project management Greg Paramor He is also a former president of the Australian processes. Dr Pantle joined St Vincent's Health Medical Council and the NSW Medical Board. Australia in 2010 as Group General Manager Clinical Governance and Chief Medial Officer. Anne Keating Nominated by the NSW Minister for Health Greg Paramor Ms Anne Keating is a company director and holds Nominated by the Garvan Research Foundation board directorships of companies in a range of Mr Greg Paramor is CEO of Folkestone Limited. Mr industries including financial services, property and Paramor has been involved in the real estate and life sciences. She is on the boards of the Goodman funds management industry for more than 35 Group Limited, Ardent Leisure Group Limited, Reva years, and was the co-founder of Growth Equities Medical Inc, GI Dynamics Inc and Clearview Wealth Mutual, Paladin Australia and the James Fielding Limited. Ms Keating is also a member of the RBS Group. He was the CEO of Mirvac between 2004 Group (Australia) Advisory Council, a governor of and 2008. Mr Paramor is a past president of the the Cerebral Palsy Foundation and a trustee of the Property Council of Australia and a past president of Centennial Parklands and Moore Park Trust. Her Investment Funds Association, a fellow of the former boards include Insurance Australia Group Australian Property Institute and The Royal Institute Limited, NRMA Limited, STW Group, the of Chartered Surveyors. Mr Paramor is a director of WorkCover Authority of NSW, the Tourism Task a number of not-for-profit organisations and is also Force and was an inaugural director at the Victor a board member of the Sydney Swans and LJ Hooker.

68 GOVERNANCE Daniel Petre AO John Shine AO FAA (from October) (until December) Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital Appointed by the Garvan Institute Board Mr Daniel Petre has been at the forefront of the Professor John Shine was Executive Director of the technology industry in Australia for more than 25 Garvan Institute of Medical Research until 31 Daniel Petre AO years. Currently he is Chairman of netus (a December. He is Professor of Molecular Biology, technology investment joint venture with News Ltd) Professor of Medicine at the University of NSW and and prior to this role he founded Australia's largest President of the Museum of Applied Arts and internet investment company, ecorp, (a subsidiary Science. As well as Chairman of CSL Ltd, Professor of PBL; Publishing and Broadcasting Limited). Mr Shine is a director or member of many scientific, Petre spent nine years with Microsoft where he research and medical bodies throughout Australia, held a range of roles both in Australia and the US. including the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering Steven Rubic He was Managing Director of the Australia & Innovation Council (PMSEIC), and is the recent subsidiary for three years before moving to the US ex-Chairman of the National Health and Medical as Vice President in the Development Group then Research Council (NHMRC). returning to run the Asia-Pacific region for Microsoft. Mr Petre has served in many corporate Peter Smith and not-for-profit boards and currently serves on Nominated by the University of NSW the Board of the Sydney Children's Hospitals Professor Peter Smith is Dean of Medicine at the Network and the advisory boards for the Private University of NSW. He specialised in cancer Jillian Segal AM Ancillary Fund Service at SVA (Social Ventures medicine and research following study in Australia, Australia), CSI (Centre for Social Impact) and the USA and Germany. Peter has held senior hospital University of NSW. management posts in Brisbane and Melbourne and senior academic appointments at the universities of Steven Rubic Queensland, Melbourne and Auckland. He is a Group Nominated by the Sisters of Charity Captain, RAAFSR and Director, Air Force Health Mr Steven Rubic was appointed CEO of St Vincents Reserves (NSW/ACT), Directorate of Health & Mater Health Sydney in April 2008. Prior to this Reserves, Air Force and has served as a consultant John Shine AO FAA he was Executive Director of St Vincent's Private to governments in Australia and New Zealand. Hospital a position he held since 1997. He is Professor Smith is currently a board director of St currently a board member of Health Industry Vincent's Health Australia, Neuroscience Research Superannuation, Macquarie University Council, a Australia, Ingham Medical Research Institute, the member of the Department of Health & Ageing Sax institute for Health Research and the Arts and Second Tier Default Health Insurance Committee Health Foundation. and is a past chairman of the NSW Private Hospitals Peter J Smith Association. Mr Rubic is a fellow of AICD and AIST. Bernadette Tobin Nominated by the Trustees of St Vincent's Hospital Jillian Segal AM Dr Bernadette Tobin is the Director of the Plunkett Nominated by the University of NSW Centre for Ethics at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Ms Jillian Segal is a director of the National Australia and Reader in Philosophy at the Australian Catholic Bank and ASX Limited. She is also Deputy Chancellor University. Dr Tobin is Honorary Ethicist at the of the University of NSW and involved with a Children's Hospital at Westmead, an honorary number of other community not-for-profit associate professor in the Faculty of Medicine at Bernadette Tobin organisations, including as Chairman of the General the University of Sydney, and a conjoint associate Sir John Monash Foundation. Ms Segal is also a professor in the School of Medicine at the member of the Federal Government's Remuneration University of NSW. She served for three triennia on Tribunal. Ms Segal has had a career in law, the Australian Health Ethics Committee, a principal regulation, governance and policy development. committee of the NHMRC. She also chaired the Formally she was President of the Administrative drafting group, which prepared the first Code of Review Council and Chair of the Banking and Ethics for Catholic Health and Aged Care Services Financial Services Ombudsman Board. From 1997- in Australia. 2002, Ms Segal was a commissioner of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), being Deputy Chair from 2000-2002. Prior to joining ASIC, Ms Segal was a corporate lawyer specialising in corporate and environmental law, having been a partner at Allen Allen & Hemsley.

GOVERNANCE 69 Garvan Research Foundation Melinda Conrad Ms Melinda Conrad is currently a non-executive Geoff Dixon director of APN News & Media, The Reject Shop Chairman Limited, the NSW Government's Clinical Excellence Mr Geoff Dixon was the Managing Director and Commission and Agency for Clinical Innovation, and Geoff Dixon Chief Executive Officer of Qantas Airways Limited the Australian Brandenburg Orchestra. Ms Conrad is from 2001-2008. He joined Qantas in 1994 and the former founder and CEO of a retail chain of was also Chief Commercial Officer and, for two stores and was previously an executive at Colgate years, Deputy Chief Executive. He has also worked Palmolive. She has extensive expertise in strategy, in the media, mining and government sectors. Mr retail, marketing and business development. She Dixon is currently Chairman of the Australian holds an MBA from Harvard Business School and is Government's major tourism marketing organisation, a member of the Australian Institute of Company Jane Allen Tourism Australia, and Queensland Events. He sits Directors. Ms Conrad joined the Foundation Board in on the boards of publicly listed Australian companies September 2003. Crown Limited, Consolidated Media Holdings and Facilitate Digital. He is on the boards of the Garvan Gabriel Farago Institute, Voyages Indigenous Tourism Australia, the Mr Gabriel Farago is a company director and Museum of Contemporary Art and the Great Barrier consultant advising corporations on litigation Reef Foundation, and is an Ambassador for the management. Prior to establishing his consultancy, Australian Indigenous Education Foundation. He he practised as a solicitor and barrister for over 30 Bruce Baird AM joined the Foundation Board as Chair in 2009. years, specialising in commercial disputes both in Australia and overseas. Mr Farago has extensive Jane Allen business interests, and has been involved in Ms Jane Allen is a partner in Egon Zehnder property development for more than 20 years. International's (EZI) Sydney office, where she A passion for philanthropic and charitable causes focuses on chief executive officer and board also reaches back many years, and in 1984 he was appointments. Ms Allen has been at EZI for 13 made a Member of the Knightly Order of Vitez. years and has consulted with corporate boards and Mr Farago joined the Foundation Board in 2008. Melinda Conrad companies of all sizes. She often attends speaking engagements and has published many articles on William D Ferris AC CEO succession and diversity at the executive and Mr Bill Ferris is Executive Chairman of the CHAMP board level. She also leads a number of global Private Equity Group, one of Australia's leading strategy initiatives roles for one of the firm's core private capital groups, providing venture capital, client practices. She has been the managing partner expansion capital and management buyout funding of the Sydney office and co-leader of the Australian in Australasia. Mr Ferris is Chairman of the Health Gabriel Farago practice as well as head of the Consumer Products and Hospitals Fund Advisory Board as part of the Practice Group for Asia Pacific. She is a member of Federal Government's Nation-building Funds Chief Executive Women, a network of Australia's initiative and in October 2011 joined the expert top women leaders. Prior to joining EZI she worked panel for the Federal Government's Strategic at Procter & Gamble in the US and Australia. Ms Review of Medical Research in Australia. Former Allen has an MBA from Harvard Business School and directorships include: Chairman, Australian Trade a Bachelor of Arts from Smith College. Ms Allen Commission (Austrade), Austar United joined the Foundation Board in 2007. Communications Limited, and Bradken Resources Bill Ferris AC Pty Ltd. Mr Ferris is the Chairman of the Garvan Bruce Baird AM Institute and member of the Harvard Business School The Hon Bruce Baird has an impressive career Asia Pacific Advisory Board. Mr Ferris was made an spanning the Australian Trade Commission and the Officer in the Order of Australia in 1990 for parliaments of NSW and the Commonwealth. Mr services to the export industry and in 2008 was Baird currently serves on several national boards made Companion in the Order of Australia for his including as Chair of Tourism & Transport Forum and philanthropic activities and his role in the the Commonwealth's Refugee Resettlement Advisory establishment of the private equity sector in Australia. Lyn Gearing Council. Among his positions with the NSW Mr Ferris joined the Foundation Board in 2001. Parliament, he was a member of the NSW Legislative Assembly from 1984-1995, serving as Shadow Lyn Gearing Minister for Finance, then for Transport and Aboriginal Ms Lyn Gearing was appointed to the Garvan Affairs, as Minister for Transport and Regional Foundation Board as a representative of the Sisters Services, Minister for Sydney's Olympic Bid, and of Charity. Ms Gearing is currently a director of Minister for Tourism and Roads. He was the Deputy Queensland Investment Corporation Limited, IMB Leader of the Liberal Party in NSW from 1992-1995. Limited, Global Mining Investments Limited, and From 1995 he served as Managing Director of the Commonwealth Superannuation Corporation. Ms Tourism Council Australia and as Chair of National Gearing was the Chief Executive Officer of the Rail Corporation and a director of ABN AMRO Hoare NSW State Superannuation schemes from 1997- Govett, Tourism Training Australia and Tourism 2002, and has substantial experience in Education Services. He served in Federal Parliament, superannuation, funds management, corporate House of Representatives, from October 1998 until finance and management consulting. Ms Gearing his retirement at the 2007 election. Mr Baird joined joined the Foundation Board in 2005. the Foundation Board in 2010.

70 GOVERNANCE Loftus Harris AM Clare Nolan RSC Mr Loftus Harris is a non-executive director on Sister Clare entered the Sisters of Charity following various boards, the immediate-past National Chair nurse training at the Mater Hospital in Brisbane. She of the Australian Institute of Export, and holds the has over 43 years experience in health and research appointment of Special Trade Representative to the services. Her ministry experience includes health, Loftus Harris AM Middle East and India for the Queensland Government. welfare, governance and administration, serving on He previously held chief executive positions in the boards within the Sisters of Charity Health Service NSW and Queensland public sectors with responsibility and other Church bodies. Her present Ministry is for whole-of-government activities including one of hospitality. Hospitality to women who have international trade, investment, innovation, business, loved ones in hospital within the St Vincent's and regional development. He also served extensively campus, to patients who come from the Solomon overseas as an Australian Trade Commissioner. Mr Islands for health care within the St Vincent's

Wal King AO Harris joined the Foundation Board in 2008. campus, to women and men who suffer with mental health issues. Sister Clare joined the Wal King AO Foundation Board in 2010. Mr Wal King has worked in the construction industry for over 40 years and was the Chief Brad Rees Executive Officer of Leighton Holdings Limited, a Mr Brad Rees is involved in a number of charitable, company with substantial operations in Australia, arts and educational interests and is a director of a Asia and the Middle East, from 1987 until his private investment company. Until 2007, he was a John Landerer CBE AM retirement on 31 December 2010. He remains as a managing director and equity partner of the consultant. Mr King is Deputy Chairman of Ausdrill investment banking firm Goldman Sachs JBWere. Limited, a director of Coca-Cola Amatil Limited, the Mr Rees was with the firm for 23 years and University of NSW Foundation Limited and worked in the Melbourne, Sydney and London Kimberley Foundation Australia Limited, and a offices providing financial and investment banking council member of the University of NSW. Mr King advice to corporations and governments in Australia is an honorary fellow of the Institution of Engineers and overseas. Mr Rees joined the Foundation Board Australia; a foundation fellow of the Australian in 2008. Simon Mordant AM Institute of Company Directors, and a fellow of the Australian Institute of Management, the Australian John Shine AO FAA Institute of Building and the Australian Academy of Professor John Shine was Executive Director of the Technological Sciences and Engineering. Mr King Garvan Institute of Medical Research until 31 joined the Foundation Board in 2010. December. He is Professor of Molecular Biology, Professor of Medicine at the University of NSW and John Landerer CBE AM President of the Museum of Applied Arts and

Clare Nolan RSC Mr John Landerer is a solicitor specialising in Science. As well as Chairman of CSL Ltd, Professor corporate advisory work and is also a professional Shine is a director or member of many scientific, company director. He is currently Chair of research and medical bodies throughout Australia, Goldsearch Limited and other private companies. including the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering He has served as the Chair of the Home Purchase & Innovation Council (PMSEIC), and is the recent Assistance Authority and is on the board of Life ex-Chairman of the National Health and Medical Education Australia and the Royal Institute for Deaf Research Council (NHMRC). and Blind Children as well as on the boards of Brad Rees various charitable institutions. Mr Landerer holds an Jeanne-Claude Strong honorary doctorate from Macquarie University in Dr Jeanne-Claude Strong is a qualified medical business and commercial law. He is also a fellow of practitioner with a post-graduate diploma in applied University of Sydney. Mr Landerer is a Member of finance and investment and a Bachelor of Arts in the Order of Australia and a Commander of the Literature and Philosophy. Dr Strong established and Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. He is ran three medical clinics in Melbourne and Sydney, also a Commander in the Order of the Star of Italian focusing on occupational, sports and preventative Solidarity. He joined the Foundation Board in 2007. medicine and stressing the importance of lifestyle John Shine AO FAA management. She was a member of the Advisory Simon Mordant AM Board of Bluearth for ten years, a not for profit Mr Simon Mordant is Co-Chief Executive of organisation which promotes greater physical Greenhill Caliburn, a leading independent corporate activity to reduce the incidence of disease and advisory firm specialising in advising major increase well-being. She is a pilot with a command corporates on their merger and acquisition and multi engine instrument rating and has flown her capital markets strategies. He is a chartered own plane from California to Australia. Dr Strong Jeanne-Claude Strong accountant and is Chair of the Museum of has a passion for yacht racing with an occasional Contemporary Art, a director of the Sydney Theatre foray in international regattas. She illustrates that a Company and Commissioner for Australia at the successful life must be balanced, and the success of 2013 Venice Biennale. He is a member of the her full professional and personal life is testimony to International Council of the Tate, the Leadership her principles. Dr Strong joined the Foundation Council of the New Museum, the International Board in 2011. Council of the Museum of Modern Art and a member of the Executive Board of Wharton Asia. Mr Mordant joined the Foundation Board in 2009.

GOVERNANCE 71

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Abdo S, Greenfield J. What to do about Bach M, Larance M, James DE, Ramm G. Bilezikian JP, Drezner M, Kream B, Stern P, bones in those on Prednisone? Geriatric The serine/threonine kinase ULK1 is a Clemens T, Elderkin A, Siris E, Krane S, Med Gen Prac 2011; 8:23-25. target of multiple phosphorylation events. Eisman J, Arnold A, Feyen J, Hurley M, Biochem J 2011; 440:283-91. Kawaguchi H, Lorenzo J, Peck W, Pilbeam Abreu MT, Hughes WE, Mele K, Lyons RJ, C, Rowe D, Martin TJ, Hock J, DeLuca H, Rickwood D, Browne BC, Bennett HL, Badami E, Sorini C, Coccia M, Usuelli V, Rodan S, Lukert B, Chen T, Klein-Nulend J. Vallotton P, Brummer T, Daly RJ. Gab2 Molteni L, Bolla AM, Scavini M, Mariani A, Lawrence G. Raisz November 13, 1925- regulates cytoskeletal organization and King C, Bosi E, Falcone M. Defective August 25, 2010. J Bone Miner Res migration of mammary epithelial cells by differentiation of regulatory FoxP3+ T 2011; 26:903-11. modulating RhoA activation. Mol Biol Cell cells by small-intestinal dendritic cells in 2011; 22:105-16. patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Birzniece V, Meinhardt UJ, Umpleby MA, 2011; 60:2120-4. Handelsman DJ, Ho KK. Interaction Acosta A, Hurtado MD, Gorbatyuk O, La between testosterone and growth Sala M, Duncan D, Aslanidi G, Campbell- Baldock P. Reciprocal regulation of bone hormone on whole-body protein Thompson M, Zhang L, Herzog H, and energy metabolism. Horm Res anabolism occurs in the liver. J Clin Voutetakis A, Baum BJ, Zolotukhin S. Paediatr 2011; 76 Suppl 1:7-11. Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1060-7. Salivary PYY: a putative bypass to satiety. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26137. Bency R, Roger SD, Elder GJ. Birzniece V, Nelson AE, Ho KK. Growth Hypercalcaemia as a prodromal feature of hormone and physical performance. Trends Akerfeldt MC, Laybutt DR. Inhibition of indolent Pneumocystis jivorecii after renal Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:171-8. id1 augments insulin secretion and transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant protects against high-fat diet-induced 2011; 26:1740-2. Bjornerem A, Ghasem-Zadeh A, Bui M, glucose intolerance. Diabetes 2011; Wang X, Rantzau C, Nguyen TV, Hopper 60:2506-14. Berg JS, Lin KK, Sonnet C, Boles NC, JL, Zebaze R, Seeman E. Remodeling Weksberg DC, Nguyen H, Holt LJ, markers are associated with larger Astle MV, Ooms LM, Cole AR, Binge LC, Rickwood D, Daly RJ, Goodell MA. intracortical surface area but smaller Dyson JM, Layton MJ, Petratos S, Imprinted genes that regulate early trabecular surface area: A twin study. Sutherland C, Mitchell CA. Identification mammalian growth are coexpressed in Bone 2011; 49:1125-30. of a proline-rich inositol polyphosphate 5- somatic stem cells. PLoS One 2011; phosphatase (PIPP).Collapsin response 6:e26410. Boslem E, MacIntosh G, Preston AM, mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) complex Bartley C, Busch AK, Fuller M, Laybutt that regulates neurite elongation. J Biol Bhadri VA, Cowley MJ, Kaplan W, Trahair DR, Meikle PJ, Biden TJ. A lipidomic screen Chem 2011; 286:23407-18. TN, Lock RB. Evaluation of the NOD/SCID of palmitate-treated MIN6 beta-cells links xenograft model for glucocorticoid- sphingolipid metabolites with endoplasmic Attanasio AF, Jung HK, Mo DJ, Chanson P, regulated gene expression in childhood B reticulum (ER) stress and impaired protein Bouillon R, Ho KKY, Lamberts SWJ, cell precursor acute lymphoblastic trafficking. Biochem J 2011; 435:267-76. Clemmons DR, Board HIA. Prevalence and leukemia. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:565. incidence of diabetes mellitus in adult Bossen C, Tardivel A, Willen L, Fletcher patients on growth hormone replacement Biankin AV, Chanock SJ. The road ahead: CA, Perroud M, Beermann F, Rolink AG, for growth hormone deficiency: A less travelled and more arduous than initially Scott ML, Mackay F, Schneider P. Mutation surveillance database analysis. J Clin envisioned. Hum Genet 2011; 130:1-2. of the BAFF furin cleavage site impairs B Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2255-2261. cell homeostasis and antibody responses. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:787-97.

PUBLICATIONS 73 Boucher AA, Hunt GE, Micheau J, Huang in proteinuric kidney disease. J Am Soc Sprent J. Calcineurin-dependent negative X, McGregor IS, Karl T, Arnold JC. The Nephrol 2011; 22:1229-39. regulation of CD94/NKG2A expression on schizophrenia susceptibility gene neuregulin naive CD8+ T cells. Blood 2011; 1 modulates tolerance to the effects of Carey S, Storey D, Biankin AV, Martin D, 118:116-28. cannabinoids. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol Young J, Allman-Farinelli M. Long term 2011; 14:631-43. nutritional status and quality of life Choi DH, Kim KS, Yang SH, Chung DH, following major upper gastrointestinal Song B, Sprent J, Cho JH, Sung YC. Brandon AE, Hoy AJ, Wright LE, Turner N, surgery - A cross-sectional study. Clin Dendritic cell internalization of alpha- Hegarty BD, Iseli TJ, Julia Xu X, Cooney Nutr 2011; 30:774-9. galactosylceramide from CD8 T cells GJ, Saha AK, Ruderman NB, Kraegen EW. induces potent antitumor CD8 T cell The evolution of insulin resistance in Center JR, Bliuc D, Nguyen ND, Nguyen responses. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7442-51. muscle of the glucose infused rat. Arch TV, Eisman JA. Osteoporosis medication Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:133-41. and reduced mortality risk in elderly Chong JJ, Chandrakanthan V, Xaymardan women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab M, Asli NS, Li J, Ahmed I, Heffernan C, Bridge P, Pocock NA, Nguyen T, Munns C, 2011; 96:1006-14. Menon MK, Scarlett CJ, Rashidianfar A, Cowell CT, Forwood N, Thompson MW. Biben C, Zoellner H, Colvin EK, Pimanda Validation of longitudinal DXA changes in Cerezo-Guisado MI, del Reino P, Remy G, JE, Biankin AV, Zhou B, Pu WT, Prall OW, body composition from pre- to mid- Kuma Y, Arthur JS, Gallego-Ortega D, Harvey RP. Adult cardiac-resident MSC- adolescence using MRI as reference. J Clin Cuenda A. Evidence of p38gamma and like stem cells with a proepicardial origin. Densitom 2011; 14:340-7. p38delta involvement in cell Cell Stem Cell 2011; 9:527-40. transformation processes. Carcinogenesis Brink R. New friends for bone marrow 2011; 32:1093-9. Clark IA, Alleva LM, Vissel B. TNF and plasma cells. Nat Immunol 2011; leptin tell essentially the same story in 12:115-7. Chan JY, Cooney GJ, Biden TJ, Laybutt DR. Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis Differential regulation of adaptive and 2011; 26:201-5. Brooke DG, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny apoptotic unfolded protein response WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ. Synthesis and signalling by cytokine-induced nitric oxide Cleasby ME, Lau Q, Polkinghorne E, Patel in vitro evaluation of analogues of production in mouse pancreatic beta cells. SA, Leslie SJ, Turner N, Cooney GJ, Xu A, avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in Diabetologia 2011; 54:1766-76. Kraegen EW. The adaptor protein APPL1 human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med increases glycogen accumulation in rat Chem 2011; 19:7033-43. Chan P, Moller A, Liu MC, Sceneay JE, skeletal muscle through activation of the Wong CS, Waddell N, Huang KT, Dobrovic PI3-kinase signalling pathway. J Butt AJ. Overcoming resistance: Targeting A, Millar EK, O'Toole SA, McNeil CM, Endocrinol 2011; 210:81-92. the PI3K/mTOR pathway in endocrine Sutherland RL, Bowtell DD, Fox SB. The refractory breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther expression of the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2 Clifton-Bligh RJ, Nguyen TV, Au A, Bullock 2011; 11:947-9. (seven in absentia homolog 2) is M, Cameron I, Cumming R, Chen JS, mediated through gene copy number in March LM, Seibel MJ, Sambrook PN. Butt AJ. Predicting response: Identifying breast cancer and is associated with a Contribution of a common variant in the molecular determinants of endocrine basal-like phenotype and p53 expression. promoter of the 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene response and resistance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R19. (CYP27B1) to fracture risk in the elderly. Exp Rev Endocrin Metab 2011; 6:661- Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:109-16. 663. Chang PP, Barral P, Fitch J, Pratama A, Ma CS, Kallies A, Hogan JJ, Cerundolo V, Cochran BJ, Croucher DR, Lobov S, Tangye SG, Bittman R, Nutt SL, Brink R, Saunders DN, Ranson M. Dependence on Godfrey DI, Batista FD, Vinuesa CG. endocytic receptor binding via a minimal Identification of Bcl-6-dependent binding motif underlies the differential follicular helper NKT cells that provide prognostic profiles of SerpinE1 and Cannons JL, Tangye SG, Schwartzberg PL. cognate help for B cell responses. Nat SerpinB2 in cancer. J Biol Chem 2011; SLAM family receptors and SAP adaptors Immunol 2011; 13:35-43. 286:24467-75. in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 29:665-705. Chaugule VK, Burchell L, Barber KR, Sidhu Colvin EK, Susanto JM, Kench JG, Ong VN, A, Leslie SJ, Shaw GS, Walden H. Mawson A, Pinese M, Chang DK, Rooman Cantley J, Boslem E, Laybutt DR, Cordery Autoregulation of Parkin activity through I, O'Toole SA, Segara D, Musgrove EA, DV, Pearson G, Carpenter L, Leitges M, its ubiquitin-like domain. EMBO J 2011; Sutherland RL, Apte MV, Scarlett CJ, Biden TJ. Deletion of protein kinase Cdelta 30:2853-67. Biankin AV. Retinoid signalling in pancreatic in mice modulates stability of cancer, injury and regeneration. PLoS One inflammatory genes and protects against Chevalier N, Jarrossay D, Ho E, Avery DT, 2011; 6:e29075. cytokine-stimulated beta cell death in Ma CS, Yu D, Sallusto F, Tangye SG, vitro and in vivo. Diabetologia 2011; Mackay CR. CXCR5 expressing human Coolen MW, Clark SJ. 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74 PUBLICATIONS Coolen MW, Statham AL, Qu W, Campbell Addison KA, Bradbury LA, Center JR, Forbes JM, Soderlund J, Yap FY, Knip M, MJ, Henders AK, Montgomery GW, Cooper C, Cremin C, Estrada K, Andrikopoulos S, Ilonen J, Simell O, Veijola Martin NG, Clark SJ. Impact of the Felsenberg D, Gluer CC, Hadler J, Henry R, Sourris KC, Coughlan MT, Forsblom C, genome on the epigenome is manifested MJ, Hofman A, Kotowicz MA, Makovey J, Slattery R, Grey ST, Wessman M, in DNA methylation patterns of imprinted Nguyen SC, Nguyen TV, Pasco JA, Pryce Yamamoto H, Bierhaus A, Cooper ME, regions in monozygotic and dizygotic K, Reid DM, Rivadeneira F, Roux C, Groop PH. Receptor for advanced twins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25590. Stefansson K, Styrkarsdottir U, glycation end-products (RAGE) provides a Thorleifsson G, Tichawangana R, Evans link between genetic susceptibility and Cooper WA, O'Toole S, Boyer M, Horvath DM, Brown MA. Genome-wide environmental factors in type 1 diabetes. L, Mahar A. 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Odanacatib in the treatment of of human choline kinase alpha and beta in abnormalities in an early psychosis postmenopausal women with low bone carcinogenesis: A different role in lipid service: a retrospective, naturalistic cross- mineral density: three-year continued metabolism and biological functions. Adv sectional study. Early Interv Psychiatry therapy and resolution of effect. J Bone Enzyme Regul 2011; 51:183-94. 2011; 5:108-14. Miner Res 2011; 26:242-51. Gardam S, Turner VM, Anderton H, Limaye Elder GJ. Calcium supplementation: lessons S, Basten A, Koentgen F, Vaux DL, Silke J, from the general population for chronic Brink R. Deletion of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in kidney disease and back. Curr Opin murine B lymphocytes constitutively Nephrol Hypertens 2011; 20:369-75. activates cell survival pathways and Deenick EK, Ma CS. The regulation and inactivates the germinal center response. role of T follicular helper cells in immunity. Blood 2011; 117:4041-51. Immunology 2011; 134:361-7. 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PUBLICATIONS 75 Greenfield JR. Melanocortin signalling and Jeronimo C, Bastian PJ, Bjartell A, Carbone applications for vitamin D assays: what is the regulation of blood pressure in human GM, Catto JW, Clark SJ, Henrique R, known and what is wished for. Clin Chem obesity. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; Nelson WG, Shariat SF. Epigenetics in 2011; 57:1227-32. 23:186-93. prostate cancer: biologic and clinical relevance. Eur Urol 2011; 60:753-66. Kohonen-Corish MR, Macrae F, Genuardi Guerrero-Bosagna CM, Clark SJ. We are M, Aretz S, Bapat B, Bernstein IT, Burn J, what we eat: how nutritional compounds Jonsson B, Strom O, Eisman JA, Cotton RG, den Dunnen JT, Frebourg T, such as isoflavones shape our epigenome. Papaioannou A, Siris ES, Tosteson A, Kanis Greenblatt MS, Hofstra R, Holinski-Feder In: Niculescu MD, Haggarty P, editors. JA. Cost-effectiveness of Denosumab for E, Lappalainen I, Lindblom A, Maglott D, Nutrition in Epigenetics. 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76 PUBLICATIONS Lee HJ, Hinshelwood RA, Bouras T, Lin KH, Oleskevich S, Taschenberger H. McGuire HM, Vogelzang A, Ma CS, Gallego-Ortega D, Valdes-Mora F, Blazek Presynaptic Ca2+ influx and vesicle Hughes WE, Silveira PA, Tangye SG, K, Visvader JE, Clark SJ, Ormandy CJ. exocytosis at the mouse endbulb of Held: Christ D, Fulcher D, Falcone M, King C. A Lineage specific methylation of the elf5 a comparison of two auditory nerve subset of interleukin-21(+) chemokine promoter in mammary epithelial cells. terminals. J Physiol 2011; 589:4301-20. receptor CCR9(+) T helper cells target Stem Cells 2011; 29:1611-9. accessory organs of the digestive system Lowe D, Dudgeon K, Rouet R, Schofield P, in autoimmunity. Immunity 2011; Lee NJ, Allison S, Enriquez RF, Sainsbury A, Jermutus L, Christ D. Aggregation, 34:602-15. Herzog H, Baldock PA. Y2 and Y4 receptor stability, and formulation of human signalling attenuates the skeletal response antibody therapeutics. 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PUBLICATIONS 77 analysis reveal CpG sequence coverage cancer pathology. Pathology 2011; Pinho AV, Rooman I, Real FX. p53- bias. Epigenetics 2011; 6:34-44. 43:116-27. dependent regulation of growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Navaneethan SD, Palmer SC, Vecchio M, stemness in normal pancreatic epithelial Craig JC, Elder GJ, Strippoli GF. Phosphate cells. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:1312-21. binders for preventing and treating bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients. Pongchaiyakul C, Kotruchin P, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; Painsipp E, Herzog H, Sperk G, Holzer P. Wanothayaroj E, Nguyen TV. An CD006023. Sex-dependent control of murine innovative prognostic model for predicting emotional-affective behaviour in health diabetes risk in the Thai population. Nayagam BA, Muniak MA, Ryugo DK. The and colitis by peptide YY and Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 94:193-8. spiral ganglion: connecting the peripheral neuropeptide Y. Br J Pharmacol 2011; and central auditory systems. 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78 PUBLICATIONS kinase and its activation of the ERK Samocha-Bonet D, Wong O, Synnott EL, Selinger CI, Cooper WA, Al-Sohaily S, pathway. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4664-74. Piyaratna N, Douglas A, Gribble FM, Holst Mladenova DN, Pangon L, Kennedy CW, JJ, Chisholm DJ, Greenfield JR. Glutamine McCaughan BC, Stirzaker C, Kohonen- Recher M, Berglund LJ, Avery DT, Cowan reduces postprandial glycemia and Corish MR. Loss of special AT-rich binding MJ, Gennery AR, Smart J, Peake J, Wong augments the glucagon-like Peptide-1 protein 1 expression is a marker of poor M, Pai SY, Baxi S, Walter JE, Palendira U, response in type 2 diabetes patients. J survival in lung cancer J Thorac Oncol Tangye GA, Rice M, Brothers S, Al-Herz Nutr 2011; 141:1233-8. 2011; 6:1179-89. W, Oettgen H, Eibel H, Puck JM, Cattaneo F, Ziegler JB, Giliani S, Tangye SG, Sandhu SK, Nguyen ND, Center JR, Seto JT, Chan S, Turner N, MacArthur DG, Notarangelo LD. IL-21 is the primary Pocock NA, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV. Raftery JM, Berman YD, Quinlan KG, common gamma chain-binding cytokine Prognosis of fracture: evaluation of Cooney GJ, Head S, Yang N, North KN. required for human B cell differentiation in predictive accuracy of the FRAX algorithm The effect of alpha-actinin-3 deficiency vivo. Blood 2011; 118:6824-35. and Garvan nomogram: rejoinder to on muscle aging. Exp Gerontol 2011; comments by Pluskiewicz and 46:292-302. Roberts CG, Millar EK, O'Toole SA, McNeil Drozdzowska. Osteoporos Int 2011; CM, Lehrbach GM, Pinese M, Tobelmann 22:2563. Sewell WA, Smith SA. Polychromatic flow P, McCloy RA, Musgrove EA, Sutherland cytometry in the clinical laboratory. RL, Butt AJ. Identification of PUMA as an Savdie R, Horvath LG, Benito RP, Rasiah Pathology 2011; 43:580-91. oestrogen target gene that mediates the KK, Haynes AM, Chatfield M, Stricker PD, apoptotic response to tamoxifen in human Turner JJ, Delprado W, Henshall SM, Sewell WA, Thomas WR. Immunotherapy breast cancer cells and predicts patient Sutherland RL, Kench JG. High Gleason of allergic diseases by bacterial products. outcome and tamoxifen responsiveness in grade carcinoma at a positive surgical Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:749-50. breast cancer. Oncogene 2011; margin predicts biochemical failure after 30:3186-97. radical prostatectomy and may guide Shi YC, Lin S, Castillo L, Aljanova A, adjuvant radiotherapy. BJU Int 2011; Enriquez RF, Nguyen AD, Baldock PA, Rowland AF, Fazakerley DJ, James DE. 107:20-21. Zhang L, Bijker MS, Macia L, Yulyaningsih Mapping insulin/GLUT4 circuitry. Traffic E, Zhang H, Lau J, Sainsbury A, Herzog H. 2011; 12:672-81. Scarlett CJ, Colvin EK, Pinese M, Chang Peripheral-specific y2 receptor DK, Morey AL, Musgrove EA, Pajic M, knockdown protects mice from high-fat Rowland AF, Larance M, Hughes WE, Apte M, Henshall SM, Sutherland RL, diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver James DE. Identification of RhoGAP22 as Kench JG, Biankin AV. Recruitment and Spring) 2011; 19:2137-48. an Akt-dependent regulator of cell activation of pancreatic stellate cells from motility in response to insulin. Mol Cell the bone marrow in pancreatic cancer: a Siebert S, Robinson MD, Tintori SC, Goetz Biol 2011; 31:4789-800. model of tumor-host interaction. PLoS F, Helm RR, Smith SA, Shaner N, Haddock One 2011; 6:e26088. SH, Dunn CW. Differential gene expression in the siphonophore Nanomia Scarlett CJ, Salisbury EL, Biankin AV, Kench bijuga (Cnidaria) assessed with multiple J. Precursor lesions in pancreatic cancer: next-generation sequencing workflows. morphological and molecular pathology. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22953. Saha AK, Xu XJ, Balon TW, Brandon A, Pathology 2011; 43:183-200. Kraegen EW, Ruderman NB. Insulin Smith E, Hay P, Campbell L, Trollor JN. A resistance due to nutrient excess: Is it a Schindeler A, Birke O, Yu NY, Morse A, review of the association between consequence of AMPK downregulation? Ruys A, Baldock PA, Little DG. Distal tibial obesity and cognitive function across the Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3447-51. fracture repair in a neurofibromatosis type lifespan: implications for novel approaches 1-deficient mouse treated with to prevention and treatment. Obes Rev Samaras K. Endocrine disease in HIV recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2011; 12:740-55. infection. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol and a bisphosphonate. J Bone Joint Surg Metab 2011; 25:vii-viii. Br 2011; 93:1134-9. Sprent J, Surh CD. Normal T cell homeostasis: the conversion of naive cells Samaras K, Curtis J. A healthy heart in Schramek D, Kotsinas A, Meixner A, Wada into memory-phenotype cells. Nat mind: defusing a cardiometabolic time T, Elling U, Pospisilik JA, Neely GG, Zwick Immunol 2011; 131:478-84. bomb in mental illness. Cardiology Today RH, Sigl V, Forni G, Serrano M, Gorgoulis 2011; 1:15-21. VG, Penninger JM. The stress kinase Stockli J, Fazakerley DJ, James DE. GLUT4 MKK7 couples oncogenic stress to p53 exocytosis. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:4147-59. Sambrook PN, Flahive J, Hooven FH, stability and tumor suppression. Nat Boonen S, Chapurlat R, Lindsay R, Nguyen Genet 2011; 43:212-9. Sullivan JM, Cohen MA, Pandit SR, Sahota TV, Diez-Perez A, Pfeilschifter J, RS, Borecki AA, Oleskevich S. Effect of Greenspan SL, Hosmer D, Netelenbos JC, Schunk E, Aigner C, Stefanova N, epithelial stem cell transplantation on Adachi JD, Watts NB, Cooper C, Roux C, Wenning G, Herzog H, Schwarzer C. noise-induced hearing loss in adult mice. Rossini M, Siris ES, Silverman S, Saag KG, Kappa opioid receptor activation blocks Neurobiol Dis 2011; 41:552-9. Compston JE, Lacroix A, Gehlbach S. progressive neurodegeneration after Predicting fractures in an international kainic acid injection. Hippocampus 2011; Suppiah V, Gaudieri S, Armstrong N, cohort using risk factor algorithms 21:1010-1020. O'Connor KS, Berg T, Weltman M, Abate without BMD. J Bone Miner Res 2011; ML, Spengler U, Bassendine M, Dore GJ, 26:2770-7.

PUBLICATIONS 79 Irving WL, Powell E, Hellard M, Riordan S, Tate MD, Schilter HC, Brooks AG, Reading individuals living in an area of endemic Matthews G, Sheridan D, Nattermann J, PC. Responses of mouse airway epithelial parasitism show little mutational evidence Smedile A, Muller T, Hammond E, Dunn D, cells and alveolar macrophages to virulent of antigen selection. Scand J Immunol Negro F, Bochud P, Mallal S, Ahlenstiel G, and avirulent strains of influenza A virus. 2011; 73:496-504. Stewart GJ, George J, Booth DR. IL28B, Viral Immunol 2011; 24:77-88. HLA-C and KIR variants additively predict Wang Y, Jackson KJ, Gaeta B, Pomat W, response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C Toong C, Adelstein S, Phan TG. Clearing Siba P, Sewell WA, Collins AM. Genomic virus infection in a European cohort: A the complexity: immune complexes and screening by 454 pyrosequencing cross-sectional study. PLOS MED 2011; their treatment in lupus nephritis. Int J identifies a new human IGHV gene and 8:e1001092. Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2011; 4:17-28. sixteen other new IGHV allelic variants. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:259-65. Sutherland RL. Endocrine resistance in Tough I, Forbes S, Tolhurst R, Ellis M, breast cancer: new roles for ErbB3 and Herzog H, Bornstein J, Cox H. Endogenous Watts CK, Saunders DN. Effects of EDD ErbB4. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:106. peptide YY and neuropeptide Y inhibit on p53 function are context-specific. J colonic ion transport, contractility and Biol Chem 2011; 286:le13. Swarbrick MM. Putting out fat's fire with transit differentially via Y(1) and Y(2) the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2011; Wiklund ED, Bramsen JB, Hulf T, Dyrskjot Endocrinology 2011; 152:748-50. 164:471-84. L, Ramanathan R, Hansen TB, Villadsen SB, Gao S, Ostenfeld MS, Borre M, Peter ME, Swarbrick MM, Evans DS, Valle MI, Favre Tran BN, Nguyen ND, Nguyen VX, Center Orntoft TF, Kjems J, Clark SJ. Coordinated H, Wu SH, Njajou OT, Li R, Zmuda JM, JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV. Genetic epigenetic repression of the miR-200 Miljkovic I, Harris TB, Kwok PY, Vaisse C, profiling and individualized prognosis of family and miR-205 in invasive bladder Hsueh WC. Replication and extension of fracture. J Bone Miner Res 2011; cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1327-34. association between common genetic 26:414-9. variants in SIM1 and human adiposity. Wiklund ED, Gao S, Hulf T, Sibbritt T, Nair Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:2394- Turner N, Mitchell TW, Else PL, Hulbert S, Costea DE, Villadsen SB, Bakholdt V, 403. AJ. The omega-3 and omega-6 fats in Bramsen JB, Sorensen JA, Krogdahl A, meals: A proposal for a simple new label. Clark SJ, Kjems J. MicroRNA alterations Sze L, Purtell L, Jenkins A, Loughnan G, Nutrition 2011; 27:719-26. and associated aberrant DNA methylation Smith E, Herzog H, Sainsbury A, Steinbeck patterns across multiple sample types in K, Campbell LV, Viardot A. Effects of a oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One single dose of exenatide on appetite, gut 2011; 6:e27840. hormones, and glucose homeostasis in adults with prader-willi syndrome. J Clin Williamson R, van Aalten L, Mann DM, Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1314-9. van Geel TA, Nguyen ND, Geusens PP, Platt B, Plattner F, Bedford L, Mayer J, Center JR, Nguyen TV, Dinant GJ, Eisman Howlett D, Usardi A, Sutherland C, Cole JA. Development of a simple prognostic AR. CRMP2 hyperphosphorylation is nomogram for individualising 5-year and characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and 10-year absolute risks of fracture: a not a feature common to other population-based prospective study neurodegenerative diseases. J Alzheimers Tam CS, Heilbronn LK, Henegar C, Wong among postmenopausal women. Ann Dis 2011; 27:615-25. M, Cowell CT, Cowley MJ, Kaplan W, Rheum Dis 2011; 70:92-7. Clement K, Baur LA. An early Wines BD, Ramsland PA, Trist HM, Gardam inflammatory gene profile in visceral Vu TT, Gatto D, Turner V, Funnell AP, Mak S, Brink R, Fraser JD, Hogarth PM. adipose tissue in children. Int J Pediatr KS, Norton LJ, Kaplan W, Cowley MJ, Interaction of human, rat, and mouse Obes 2011; 6:e360-3. Agenes F, Kirberg J, Brink R, Pearson RC, immunoglobulin A (IgA) with Crossley M. Impaired B cell development staphylococcal superantigen-like 7 (SSL7) Tamblyn DJ, Chopra S, Yu C, Kattan MW, in the absence of Kruppel-like factor 3. J decoy protein and leukocyte IgA receptor. Pinnock C, Kopsaftis T. Comparative Immunol 2011; 187:5032-42. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:33118-24. analysis of three risk assessment tools in Australian patients with prostate cancer. Winzell MS, Coghlan M, Leighton B, BJU International 2011; 108:Sp. Iss. SI. Frangioudakis G, Smith DM, Storlien LH, Ahren B. Chronic glucokinase activation Tan S, Ng Y, James DE. Next-generation reduces glycaemia and improves glucose Akt inhibitors provide greater specificity: Wang L, Chen H, Liu F, Madigan MC, tolerance in high-fat diet fed mice. Eur J effects on glucose metabolism in Power CA, Hao J, Patterson KI, Pharmacol 2011; 663:80-6. adipocytes. Biochem J 2011; 435:539-44. Pourgholami MH, O'Brien PM, Perkins AC, Li Y. Monoclonal antibody targeting Wright LE, Brandon AE, Hoy AJ, Forsberg Tangye SG. Plasmacytoid DCs induce MUC1 and increasing sensitivity to GB, Lelliott CJ, Reznick J, Lofgren L, gutsy plasma cells. Immunity 2011; docetaxel as a novel strategy in treating Oscarsson J, Stromstedt M, Cooney GJ, 34:144-6. human epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Turner N. Amelioration of lipid-induced Lett 2011; 300:122-33. insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle by Tangye SG. Staying alive: regulation of overexpression of Pgc-1beta involves plasma cell survival. Trends Immunol Wang Y, Jackson KJ, Chen Z, Gaeta BA, reductions in long-chain acyl-CoA levels 2011; 32:595-602. Siba PM, Pomat W, Walpole E, Rimmer J, and oxidative stress. Diabetologia 2011; Sewell WA, Collins AM. IgE sequences in 54:1417-26.

80 PUBLICATIONS Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Bone 2011; 48:451-5.

Ye JM, Tid-Ang J, Turner N, Zeng XY, Li Xie C, Mao X, Huang J, Ding Y, Wu J, HY, Cooney GJ, Wulff EM, Sauerberg P, Dong S, Kong L, Gao G, Li CY, Wei L. Kraegen EW. PPARdelta agonists have KOBAS 2.0: a web server for annotation opposing effects on insulin resistance in and identification of enriched pathways high fat-fed rats and mice due to and diseases. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; different metabolic responses in muscle. 39:W316-22. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:556-66.

Xu H, Yan M, Patra J, Natrajan R, Yan Y, Yip PY, Kench JG, Rasiah KK, Benito RP, Swagemakers S, Tomaszewski JM, Lee CS, Stricker PD, Henshall SM, Verschoor S, Millar EK, van der Spek P, Sutherland RL, Horvath LG. Low AZGP1 Reis-Filho JS, Ramsay RG, O'Toole SA, expression predicts for recurrence in McNeil CM, Sutherland RL, McKay MJ, margin-positive, localized prostate cancer. Fox SB. Enhanced RAD21 cohesin Prostate 2011; 71:1638-45. expression confers poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in high grade Yulyaningsih E, Zhang L, Herzog H, luminal, basal and HER2 breast cancers. Sainsbury A. NPY receptors as potential Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R9. targets for anti-obesity drug development. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1170-202.

Yabas M, Teh CE, Frankenreiter S, Lal D, Roots CM, Whittle B, Andrews DT, Zhang Y, Teoh NC, Sprent J, Tze LE, Kucharska Zhang J, Gill A, Atmore B, Johns A, EM, Kofler J, Farell GC, Broer S, Goodnow Delbridge L, Lai R, McMullen T. CC, Enders A. ATP11C is critical for the Upregulation of the signal transducers and internalization of phosphatidylserine and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) differentiation of B lymphocytes. Nat pathway in lymphatic metastases of Immunol 2011; 12:441-9. papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2011; 4:356-62. Yamano T, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Suzuki T, Abe R, Tahara H, Nitta T, Zhang L, Bijker MS, Herzog H. The Ishimaru N, Sprent J, Kishimoto H. Ex neuropeptide Y system: vivo-expanded DCs induce donor-specific Pathophysiological and therapeutic central and peripheral tolerance and implications in obesity and cancer. prolong the acceptance of donor skin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:91-113. grafts. Blood 2011; 117:2640-8. Zhang X, Herzog H, Song J, Wang X, Fan Yan M, Jene N, Byrne D, Millar EK, O'Toole C, Guo H. Response properties of the SA, McNeil CM, Bates GJ, Harris AL, electrosensory neurons in hindbrain of the Banham AH, Sutherland RL, Fox SB. white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Recruitment of regulatory T cells is Neurosci Bull 2011; 27:422-9. correlated with hypoxia-induced CXCR4 expression, and is associated with poor Zhao JT, Cowley MJ, Lee P, Birzniece V, prognosis in basal-like breast cancers. Kaplan W, Ho KK. Identification of novel Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R47. GH-regulated pathway of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue: a gene expression study Yang N, Schindeler A, McDonald MM, in hypopituitary men. J Clin Endocrinol Seto JT, Houweling PJ, Lek M, Hogarth M, Metab 2011; 96:E1188-96. Morse AR, Raftery JM, Balasuriya D, Macarthur DG, Berman Y, Quinlan KG, Zhao Y, Epstein RJ. Unexpected functional Eisman JA, Nguyen TV, Center JR, Prince similarities between gatekeeper tumour RL, Wilson SG, Zhu K, Little DG, North KN. suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes alpha-Actinin-3 deficiency is associated revealed by systems biology. J Hum with reduced bone mass in human and Genet 2011; 56:369-76. mouse. Bone 2011; 49:790-8. Zheng Y, Zhou H, Ooi LL, Snir AD, Yang S, Nguyen ND, Center JR, Eisman JA, Dunstan CR, Seibel MJ. Vitamin D Nguyen TV. Association between beta- deficiency promotes prostate cancer blocker use and fracture risk: The Dubbo growth in bone. Prostate 2011; 71:1012-21.

PUBLICATIONS 81 Electronic Publications Ahead of Print (1-30)

Decressac M, Pain S, Chabeauti PY, Jackson KJ, Wang Y, Gaeta BA, Pomat W, Frangeul L, Thiriet N, Herzog H, Vergote J, Siba P, Rimmer J, Sewell WA, Collins AM. Chalon S, Jaber M, Gaillard A. Divergent human populations show Birzniece V, Meinhardt UJ, Gibney J, Neuroprotection by neuropeptide Y in cell extensive shared IGK rearrangements in Johannsson G, Armstrong N, Baxter RC, and animal models of Parkinson's disease. peripheral blood B cells. Immunogenetics Ho KK. Differential effects of raloxifene Neurobiol Aging Epub 2011/08/06. Epub 2011/07/27. and oestrogen on body composition in growth hormone-replaced hypopituitary Jonsson B, Strom O, Eisman JA, women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab Epub Papaioannou A, Siris ES, Tosteson A, Kanis 2011/12/16. JA. Comment on: cost-effectiveness of denosumab for the treatment of Breit SN, Carrero JJ, Tsai VW, Yagoutifam El-Hoss J, Sullivan K, Cheng T, Yu NY, postmenopausal osteoporosis. N, Luo W, Kuffner T, Bauskin AR, Wu L, Bobyn JD, Peacock L, Mikulec K, Baldock Osteoporos Int Epub 2011/11/17. Jiang L, Barany P, Heimburger O, Murikami P, Alexander IE, Schindeler A, Little DG. A MA, Apple FS, Marquis CP, Macia L, Lin S, murine model of neurofibromatosis type 1 Sainsbury A, Herzog H, Law M, Stenvinkel tibial pseudarthrosis featuring proliferative P, Brown DA. Macrophage inhibitory fibrous tissue and osteoclast-like cells. J cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and Bone Miner Res Epub 2011/10/01. mortality in end-stage renal disease. Kao SC, Armstrong N, Condon B, Griggs K, Nephrol Dial Transplant Epub Emaus N, Nguyen ND, Almaas B, Berntsen McCaughan B, Maltby S, Wilson A, 2011/09/24. GK, Center JR, Christensen M, Gjesdal CG, Henderson DW, Klebe S. Aquaporin 1 is an Grimsgaard AS, Nguyen TV, Salomonsen independent prognostic factor in pleural L, Eisman JA, Fonnebo VM. Serum level of malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Epub under-carboxylated osteocalcin and bone 2011/10/25. mineral density in early menopausal Norwegian women. Eur J Nutr Epub Campbell PD, Weinberg A, Chee J, 2011/12/01. Mariana L, Ayala R, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Loudovaris T, Cowley MJ, Kay TW, Grey ST, Thomas HE. Expression Lee HJ, Ormandy CJ. Interplay between of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules of progesterone and prolactin in mammary the Bcl-2 family in human islets post- development and implications for breast isolation. Cell Transplant Epub Gloss BS, Patterson KI, Barton CA, cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol Epub 2011/05/04. Gonzalez M, Scurry JP, Hacker NF, 2011/09/29. Sutherland RL, O'Brien PM, Clark SJ. Chan MY, Nguyen ND, Center JR, Eisman Integrative genome-wide expression JA, Nguyen TV. Absolute fracture-risk and promoter DNA methylation profiling prediction by a combination of calcaneal identifies a potential novel panel of quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral ovarian cancer epigenetic biomarkers. density. Calcif Tissue Int Epub Cancer Lett Epub 2011/12/14. Macia L, Thorburn AN, Binge LC, Marino 2011/12/20. E, Rogers KE, Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Kranich J, Mackay CR. Microbial influences Cooley N, Cowley MJ, Lin RC, Marasco S, on epithelial integrity and immune Wong C, Kaye DM, Dart AM, Woodcock function as a basis for inflammatory EA. Influence of atrial fibrillation on diseases. Immunol Rev Epub microRNA expression profiles in left and Ho-Pham LT, Vu BQ, Lai TQ, Nguyen ND, 2011/12/16. right atria from patients with valvular Nguyen TV. Vegetarianism, bone loss, heart disease. Physiol Genomics Epub fracture and vitamin D: a longitudinal 2011/12/08. study in Asian vegans and non-vegans. Eur J Clin Nutr Epub 2011/08/04. Cowley MJ, Pinese M, Kassahn KS, Waddell N, Pearson JV, Grimmond SM, Biankin AV, Hautaniemi S, Wu J. PINA v2.0: mining interactome modules. Nucleic Acids Res Epub 2011/11/10.

82 PUBLICATIONS Montavon C, Gloss BS, Warton K, Barton Trollor JN, Smith E, Agars E, Kuan SA, CA, Statham AL, Scurry JP, Tabor B, Baune BT, Campbell L, Samaras K, Nguyen TV, Qu W, Samimi G, Hacker NF, Crawford J, Lux O, Kochan NA, Brodaty H, Sutherland RL, Clark SJ, O'Brien PM. Sachdev P. The association between Prognostic and diagnostic significance of Rooman I, Real FX. Pancreatic ductal systemic inflammation and cognitive DNA methylation patterns in high grade adenocarcinoma and acinar cells: a matter performance in the elderly: the Sydney serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol of differentiation and development? Gut Memory and Ageing Study. Age (Dordr) Epub 2011/11/26. Epub 2011/07/07. Epub 2011/08/20.

Montgomery MK, Hulbert AJ, Buttemer WA. Metabolic rate and membrane fatty acid composition in birds: a comparison between long-living parrots and short- living fowl. J Comp Physiol B Epub Sainsbury A, Zhang L. Role of the Valdes-Mora F, Song JZ, Statham AL, 2011/07/19. hypothalamus in the neuroendocrine Strbenac D, Robinson MD, Nair SS, regulation of body weight and Patterson KI, Tremethick DJ, Stirzaker C, Montgomery MK, Hulbert AJ, Buttemer composition during energy deficit. Obes Clark SJ. Acetylation of H2A.Z is a key WA. Does the oxidative stress theory of Rev Epub 2011/11/11. epigenetic modification associated with aging explain longevity differences in gene deregulation and epigenetic birds? I. Mitochondrial ROS production. Samimi G, Ring BZ, Ross DT, Seitz RS, remodeling in cancer. Genome Res Epub Exp Gerontol Epub 2011/11/30. Sutherland RL, O'Brien PM, Hacker NF, 2011/07/27. Huh WK. TLE3 expression is associated Moore BM, Savdie R, Pebenito RA, with sensitivity to taxane treatment in Haynes AM, Matthews J, Delprado W, ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Rasiah KK, Stricker PD. The impact of Biomarkers Prev Epub 2011/12/24. nerve sparing on incidence and location of positive surgical margins in radical Shi YC, Baldock PA. Central and peripheral prostatectomy. BJU Int Epub mechanisms of the NPY system in the 2011/06/30. regulation of bone and adipose tissue. Bone Epub 2011/10/20.

Shim DS, Schilter HC, Knott ML, Almeida RA, Short RP, Mackay CR, Dent LA, Sewell WA. Protection against Newall H, Myles N, Ward PB, Samaras K, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in Shiers D, Curtis J. Efficacy of metformin mice is independent of GM-CSF. Immunol for prevention of weight gain in Cell Biol Epub 2011/08/17. psychiatric populations: a review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol Epub 2011/10/08.

Tan SX, Ng Y, Meoli CC, Kumar A, Khoo PS, Fazakerley DJ, Junutula JR, Vali S, Pjetri E, Adan RA, Herzog H, de Haas R, James DE, Stockli J. Amplification and Oppelaar H, Spierenburg HA, Olivier B, Kas demultiplexing in insulin-regulated Akt MJ. NPY receptor subtype specification protein kinase pathway in adipocytes. J for behavioral adaptive strategies during Biol Chem Epub 2011/12/31. limited food access. Genes Brain Behav Epub 2011/09/20.

PUBLICATIONS 83

Garvan Institute of Medical Research 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Income Statement $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000

NHMRC Grants 16,682 18,695 19,094 16,637 18,574 Other Peer Reviewed Grants 8,530 9,159 11,061 10,232 10,896 Other Grants 1,068 4,811 1,624 - 1,869 NSW Government Grant 4,063 4,026 3,797 2,600 4,135 Commonwealth Government Grant 1,193 - - - - Commercial Collaborations 2,714 1,289 737 202 347 Garvan Research Foundation 3,817 4,689 4,120 5,174 6,113 Other Income 3,543 4,050 7,470 6,872 9,167 Other Income (Insurance Claim Facade) - - - 2,750 - Total Operating Income 41,610 46,719 47,903 44,467 51,101

Commonwealth Government Grant (TKCC* Construction) - - 14,900 7,567 10,173 Garvan Research Foundation (TKCC* Construction) - - 1,170 3,528 4,723 Other Income (TKCC* Construction) - - - - 2,750 Total Income for TKCC Construction** - - 16,070 11,095 17,646

Remuneration Costs 23,621 27,337 28,322 29,196 32,215 Research Expenditure 7,640 9,377 7,883 7,517 6,828 Administration and Information Technology 3,771 5,331 4,822 3,989 5.115 Building and Scientific Operations 2,461 2,753 3,324 6,272 4,743 Total Operating Expenses 37,493 44,798 44,351 46,974 48,901

Building Asset Amortisation (1,180) (1,189) (1,657) (1,659) (1,723) Property, Plant and Equipment Depreciation (2,433) (2,390) (2,597) (2,670) (3,939) Transfer from Building Reserve 1,047 1,047 1,047 1,047 1,047 Endowment Grants from Garvan Research Foundation 2,210 3,953 6,388 1,604 3,586 Endowment Earnings 2,589 1,700 958 1,192 1,665 Donations & Bequests direct to/(from) Endowment Fund - 5,393 (5,000) - - Unrealised gain/(loss) on investment - (7,407) 1,922 (142) (2,504)

Net Income 6,350 3,028 20,683 7,960 17,978 Accumulated Surplus Brought Forward 9,914 11,109 16,571 32,512 43,128 Transfer from/(to) Research Program Reserve (2,526) 380 (2,189) 1,133 (2,090) Transfer from/(to) Endowment Reserve (3,664) 1,847 (2,530) 1,190 3,493 Transfer from/(to) Infrastructure Expense Reserve 1,035 207 (23) 333 - Accumulated Surplus Carried Forward*** 11,109 16,571 32,512 43,128 62,509

*The Kinghorn Cancer Centre (TKCC). ** Garvan's shareofTKCC construction costs to date arecapitalised(referbalance sheet -Asset Under Construction(TKCC)). *** Includes funds for theconstruction ofTKCC.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 85 Garvan Instititute of Medical Research 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Balance Sheet $'000 $'000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Current Assets 18,226 21,114 52,136 59,765 62,379 Property, Plant and Equipment 45,160 60,085 60,325 57,060 58,369 Asset Under Constuction (TKCC*) - - 1,731 8,399 29,660 Endowment Fund** 27,103 25,255 27,786 26,597 23,103 Investment in associates 84 84 84 84 84 Total Assets 90,573 106,538 142,062 151,905 173,595

Current Liabilities 8,343 7,860 23,372 26,187 29,995 Provisions 3,042 3,545 3,986 4,125 5,102 Borrowings 4,179 18,144 18,078 18,054 18,028 Total Liabilities 15,564 29,549 45,436 48,366 53,125

Accumulated Surplus 11,109 16,571 32,512 43,128 62,509 Reserves 63,900 60,419 64,114 60,411 57,961 Total Net Funds 75,009 76,990 96,626 103,539 120,470

* The Kinghorn Cancer Centre (TKCC). ** Including cash and investments at market value.

86 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Garvan Research Foundation 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Statement of Funds $'000 $'000 $’000 $’000 $’000

Donations & Pledges 4,961 6,27 7 4,026 5,231 4,696 Donations & Pledges (for TKCC*) - 584 1,742 7,126 9,390 Events 409 105 38 215 1,273 Bequests 1,847 3,132 7,764 2,981 6,356 Interest and Other Income 25 55 19 44 37 Total Income 7,242 10,153 13,589 15,597 21,752

Fundraising Expenses (1,184) (1,114) (1,268) (1,496) (2,152)

Grants to TKCC Joint Venture Partner - - (1,170) (3,528) (4,723) Net Funds Raised 6,058 9,039 11,151 10,573 14,877

Accumulated Funds Prior Years 78 109 507 (20) 248 Funds Available for Grants to Institute: 6,136 9,148 11,658 10,553 15,125

General Research 750 926 1,010 1,200 1,200 Specific Research 3,067 3,762 4,280 7,501 9,638 Endowment Funds 2,210 3,953 6,388 1,604 3,586 Total Grants 6,027 8,641 11,678 10,305 14,424

Accumulated Funds Carried Forward 109 507 (20) 248 701 Represented By: Assets 311 1,391 164 401 907 Liabilities (202) (884) (184) (153) (206) Net Assets 109 507 (20) 248 701

* The Kinghorn Cancer Centre (TKCC).

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 87 Garvan Institute of Medical Research 384 Victoria Street Darlinghurst Sydney NSW 2010 Australia T +61 2 9295 8100 F +61 2 9295 8101 www.garvan.org.au

Project Manager: Alison Heather Design: Jason McDonald Photography: Penelope Clay

Published April 2012 Copies of the Annual Report can be obtained by contacting: Gabriella O’Neil [email protected] T +61 2 9295 8120