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Wellbank’s Australian Nautical Almanac and Coasters’ Guide 1886 Ref. AU0118-1886

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1886. WELLBANK'S AUSTRALIAN NAUTICAL ALMANAC AND COASTERS' GUIDE FOR THE SOUTH AND EAST COASTS AND PART OF THE NORTH-WEST AND WEST COASTS OF AUSTRALIA, ALSO THE PRINCIPAL PORTS AND HARBOURS OF FIJI, Compiled from the Latest and Most Authentic Sources, FOR TZEIEJ ITZE-AJR/ 1886, BEING THE TWENTY-SIXTH YEAR OP PUBLICATION.

EDITED BY JOHN EEDY> Teacher of Navigation, <&c.

PRICE, SEVEN SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.

gp«*S: PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM BULLARD, 342 GEORGE STREET. MELBOT7BNE AGENT: I BRISBANE: J; DONNE. | GORDON AND GOTCH. PORT : I NEWCASTLE: ALFRED E. SAWTELL. | R. C. KNAGGS AND Co. F. Cunninghame & Co., Printers, 146, Pitt Street, Sydney. "WELLBANK'S NAUTICAL ALMANAC—ADVERTISEMENTS. NOTICE TO MARINERS. JOSEPHSOXS MliT (BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.) The undersigned desire it to be notified that they are the sole' Proprietors/and Patentees of the MOST WONDERFUL CURATIVE, Agents in the "World, known as

Manufactured from choice medicinal plants of the AUSTRALIAN" FLORA, guaranteed to be a pure GREEN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION The virtues of which have been tested in every home and hut in Australia from the GULF to —in New Zealand and . On the Torrid zone, as in the Arctic regions, from the Equator to- the Poles, this famous Ointment has proved itself to be a safe remedy for the cure of all poisonous sores, scratches, CHILBLAINS, ulcers, stiff joints, sore eyes, deafness, corns, scalds, burns, and INCIPIENT SCURVY. The Stockmen, Diggers, and Bushmen of Australia have tested its worth for more than 18 years, and hundreds, having been seamen, solemnly aver that no CAPTAIN, OFFICER, or A.B. SEAMAN, should leave Port without a supply of this INCOMPARABLE OINTMENT, As valuable in the CABIN as in the FORECASTLE—cheap and certain in its curative power. To be obtained in Pots from all Storekeepers, and Chemists One Shilling, in every seaport town, and wholesale from the Proprietors. Reject spurious imitations, and get what you ask for.

EDWD. BOW & CO., 43. 45, 47, GEORGE-STREET, OIPIFOSXTIE ^L-S-lsT. COUVCZP-A-HSTSr, INTRODUCTION.

WELLBANK'S NAUTICAL ALMANAC ANE> GOASTERS GUIDE, , has; now entered on its twenty-sixth year of publication, and the Editor has refrained from going to press until the latest moment possible, in order that this most important work may contain every addition and alteration up to the end of the year 1885. The Editor desires to thank Captain Hixson, R.N., the President of the Marine Board, as well as the various officials of the neighbouring colonies, for their kind •courtesy in enabling him to carry out a matter so important to the shipping interest of the colonies generally. Many important alterations have been made in the sailing directions of the principal ports and harbours of Fiji, and the Editor feels pleasure in stating that these directions are now perfect in every respect. The Editor would still feel thankful for any reliable information furnished to him, as he is anxious to make the " Coasters Guide " a sine qua non to all shipmasters.

JOHN EEDY. Corner Pitt and Bridge Streets, Sydney, January 1st, 1886. GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE PAGE Albany 56 Black Reef 222 Albert Eiver 435 „ „ .. 240 Alexandra Eeef ...... 419 „ Rock 80 Althorpe Isles 87 Blackwood River 46 Anderson Inlet 225 Blanche Harbour ...... 106 „ Isle East .. .,235 Blanche Port 70 „ West .. ..235 Boston Bay ...... 83 Anonyma Shoal ...... 194 ,, Isle 82 Anser Group ...... 227 Botany Bay 279 Antechamber Bay ...... 118 Boxen Island 233 ...... 73 Breaksea Island ...... 54 AlpinPass 428 Breakwater Rock ...... 169 Apollo Bay 182 Bridgewater Bay ...... 162 Armstrong Bay 168 Brig Rock ...... 178 Channel .. ..237 Brisbane River—Directions .. 364 Astrolobe Eeef, Great .. ..482 Brisbane Water ...... 317 „ North .. ..482 Broad Sound—Directions.. .. 396 Auckland Creek 389 Broken Bay— Directions .. . • 316 Augusta ...... 46 „ Head ...... 318 Brooke's Inlet 48 Babel Isles ..231 ,, Reefs 48 BackeyBay 104 Brothers Three 335 Blackstairs Passage .. .. 118 Broughton Isles 332 Black Pass 166 Broulee Head 269 233 Brush Island 271 Baffle Creek 385 Buchanan Rock ...... 343 Bairnsdale 252 Bunbury 477 Bald Head 53 BungaHead 267 „ Island 60 Burnett River—Directions .. 376 „ Hill Spit 143 Burrum River 375 Banks Strait ., .. .. 232 and 239 Busselton 478 Barker Knoll 150 Bustard Head 380 Barmaguey ...... 267 Bustard Bay ...... 386 Barn Hill 97 Butcher Reef 476 , B. (Joast .. .. 236 „ N. „ .. .. 235 Cabbage Tree Island .. ..328 W. , 235 Caernarvon...... 434 Barron Eiver 418 Cairns ...... 410 Barvron Head 183 Calle Calle Baj 265 Bass Straits, Wind and Weather 232 Calender for the months .. .. 10 ,, „ Eastern Entrance .. 229 Camden Head ...... 337 Bate Bay 279 Campbell Creek 172 Bateman Bay .. ,, ..269 Cannan Reef ...... 68 Baudin Rocks 154 Casurina Shoal ...... 471 Bay of Fires ...... 239 „ Islets ...... 115 „ j, Islands ...... 171 CAPES:— „ ,, Shoals 121 Arid.. 62 Beage Eeef 231 Banks 156 Beagle Eoad 462 Barren 236 Beatrice Eock ...... 9c Bauer 69 Belches Foul Ground '' .. .. 51 Bedout 114, Bellambi .. 27£ Bernouille 154 Bellinger River •,. .. .. 34( Barda 110 Bentley Harbour 24f Boufflers .156 Beware Reef ...... 254 Bouvard 476 Bicker Islets 8S Bowling Green .. .. 408 BirdKock , 61 | Bridgewater .. .. 162 Shoals Qi [ Buffon 156 2 CAPES—continued. PAGE fAGK Byron 345 Cave Shoal.. 53 Capricorn ...... 381 Channel Reef 475 Catastrophe ... .. 76 Chappell Islands .. .. .« 233 Couedie .. .. -. 115 ,, ,, Mount .. .. 233 Coutts 118 Charlemont Reef 183 D'Estree 66 Chatham Island ...... 48 Dombey .. .. ., 154 Clarence River ...... 343 Donnington., .. .. 82 ...... 238 Elizabeth 94 Cleveland Bay 409 Everard 2S5 Cliffy Head...... 48 False 117 245 Gantheaume .. .. 116 Clinton 145 Green ...... 263 Clomnel Island 247 Hamelin 478 Clyde River ...... 270 Hart 117 Cockburn Sound ., -. ..472 Hawke 335 Coffs, North and South Islets .. 342 Howe 258 Coffin's Bay 74 Current and Tides 259 Collisions—Regulations for pre- Winds and Weather 260 venting 300 Jaffa ...... 154 Cook Island 345 Jervis 122 Cook's Pigeon House .. .. 272 Kersaint 115 246 Lannes ...... 154 Corsair Rock 186 Leeuwin ...... 45 Corvisart Bay ., .. ., 71 Liptrap ...... 225 Coventry Reef 475 Martin 155 231 Missiessy .. ,. .. 71 Crescent Head 338 Morard 153 Crocodile Head 274 Moreton 357 „ Rock 230 Naturaliste...... 239 Crookhaven—Directions .. .. 275 „ 478 Crowdy Head 336 Nfelson 162 Curdie Inlet ...... 171 N Galoa Harbour .. .. 481 Curphy's Shoal 337 Northumberland .. .. 157 Currie Harbour ...... 176 Nuyts 63 Curtis Channel 379 Otway .. .. ,.181 „ Island 230 Paterson ...... 224 Daintree River 420 Patton 182 Daly Head 88 Peron .. ., .. 474 Danger Reefs .. ., .. 345 Portland 240 Dangerous Reef ...... 82 Radstock 71 Darling Roads 273 Ritchie 61 Dashwood Channel 69 Sandy ...... 378 Dawson Islets ., .. .. 271 Schanck 220 Demon's Bay ...... 183 Sir John 236 64 Sir William Grant.. ... 163 Dent Island ..385 Smoky 339 D'EstreeBay 116 Solander 279 Devil's Tower 230 Spencer 87 Disaster Bay ...... 263 Three Points .. ..316 Dog Isles 234 Vivonne ...... 66 Doughboy Island ...... 235 Washington .. .. 481 Douglas Banks 104 Wellington ...... 243 „ Hills 104 Wickham 174 Isle 62 Wiles 75 Duck Rock 462 Willoughby .. .. 117 Dutton Bay .. 84 Willomai 221 Cape Byron Bay 345 East Boyd Bay 264 Cape Leeuwin Bay .. .. 478 Capricorn Channel .. .. 381 EAST COAST OF AUSTRALIA :— Carpentaria, Gulf of .. .. 433 ,, Cape Howe to Port Carpentaria, Winds and Tides ... 435 Jackson .. .. 263 Catherine Hill Bay .. ..319 „ Winds and Weather.. 256 PAGE PAGE East Ooast of Port Jackson to Point Gardner River ,. .. ,. 4*7 Danger .. .. 316 Gawler Bay 89 „ Queensland .. .. 346 Geelong—Directions for ... .. 195 ,, Sandy Cape to Cape George Rocks 239 Gloucester .. .. 378 Geographe Bay .. '., ., 477 Eastern Cove .. .. ,. 119 Geographe Reef .. .. ,. 478 ,, Shoal 98 Gage Road , 463 Eclipse Channel ; 53 Garden Island ...... 472 ,, Islands 53 Geelong ... 195 „ N.W.'Eock .. .. 53 98 Eden 265 ,, Directions for .. 101 Edith Breaker 334 Gerringong .. .. ., ., 277 Edwards Shoal 383 Gippsland Lakes ...... 251 Point 239 Gladys Inlet ...... 416 Elliott Isle 316 Glennie Group .. ., .. 227 Emmes Eeef 87 Glenelg Jetty ...... 126 .. .. ., 148 66 Endeavour Keef 231 ...... 233 „ River 422 ,, Islet ...... 93 „ Strait 4a3 Grantham Island .. .. ,. 83 Esmeralda Cove 332 Granite Island .. .. ., 148 Eucalyptus Rock 239 Grasshopper Islet ...... 271 Eurimbula Creek ...... 386 Greenly Isles ...... 75 Evans' Bay 426 ...... 165 „ Head 344 „ Point 222 ,, Island ...... 67 Grindallsle ...... 81 Eyrie's Island 66 .. .. ,, 154 Gulf of St. Vincent .. ..122 Fairway Bank 86 ,, „ Directions for.. 146 False Bay 86 Gull Rock 58 „ Islet 59 Fenelon Isle 68 Hamilton Lagoons 96 Fitzmaurice Bay ...... 177 „ Road 237 Five Mile Beach 244 Hanson Bay .. .. ., 115 Fiji .. 479 Harbinger Reefs ...... 174 ,, Winds and Weather .. 479 .89 ,, Tides and Currents .. .. 480 Harrington Shoal ...... 430 ,, Winds, Meteorology and Harry Rock .. .. ., 241 Barometer .. .. 488 Hart Island 68 Flat Island ...... 47 Harvey Bay .. .. ., 84 „ Rock 346 Haul-Off Rock .. -.. .. 61 „ Top Island 401 Hawkesbury River .. .. 317 Flaxman Hill 171 Helen Rock 168 Flinders' Bay 46 Henty Reef .183 „ Island .. .. 73, 233 Herald Rocks .. ,. ., 55 „ Reef 67 Herbert River ...... 414 ,, Rock 357 Hervey River—Directions ., S73 Fly Road 328 Hobson's Bay 198 Forneaux Group 232 ... ,. .. 230 Forsyth Isle 238 126 Forty Foot Rocks 229 Hopkins Isle .. .. ., 79 Foster Islets 2A Horseshoe Rock 462 Fowler's Bay 63 Hovell Shoal 430 „ Island 434 Hummock Hill 86 Freemantle .. ,, ,. 466 Hunter Rock 266 Franklyn Harbour...... 85 Hutchison Shoal 358 ,, Islands 67 „ Sound ...... 264 Indian Head 337 Freeburn Rock ...... 343 Inner Islet .. .. ,, ,. 59 Frenchman Rock 150 Investigator Islands ,. .. 73 „ Road .. 434 257 ,, Strait 110 Gambier Isles ,, ., ,, 77 ,, ,, Directions for.. 113 4 PAGE PAGE Irwin Inlet . t 49 Low Rocks 77 Israelite Bay .. 63 Macdonnell ^ay .. .. 158 „ Sound.. 113 Jenny Lind Creek .. 386 Macleay River 339 Jervis Bay .. 273 Magnetic Island .. 410 Jervoise Bay .. 473 Mallagoota Inlet 257 Jews Head ,. .. 264 Manning River—Directions 336 Johnstone River ...... 416 Marian Reef 112 Judgment Rocks .. 230 Marion Bay 111 Mary River—Directions .. 371 Kandavu .. 480 Masillon Isle 68 „ Passage ...... 487 Mast Head Island .. 381 Kangaroo Head .. 119 Maude Reef 53 „ Island .. 114 Maupertius Bay 115 Kennard Rock .. 384 Mawarrv Rock .. .. 263 Kent Bay .. .. 236 Merimbula Bay .. 266 „ Group .. 230 Mermaid Reef 337 Kiama .. 277 Merri Island 168 King George's Sound . 54 „ River 169 King's Island .. 174 , The 266 ,, ,, Currents and tides.. 180 Michaelmass Island 55 Kingscote Harbour . .. 120 „ Reefs.. 55 Kingston .. 153 Middle Bank 97 Kingston Reefs .. 462 „ „ .. .. 106 KnappsHead .. . 51 Island 62 Koombana Bay .. , 477 168 „ Rock .. .. 55 .. 153 ,, Rocks 222 Lacy's Group .. 67 Mills'Reef 164 Lady Elliott's Island .. 380 Minerva Reef 164 ,, Julia Percy Island 165 Mistaken Island .. , 56 Lagoon Head .. 271 Monccetir Islands .. .. 230 Lake Macquarie .. 319 Montague Islands , 267 „ Tyers .. 253 Moon Islet . 319 La Trobe Island .. .. 247 Moonlight Head .. , 173 Lanthala Harbour .. ... 487 M oreton Bay—Directions.. . 357 Lawrence Rock .. 163 „ Island . 346 Lennox Head ., .. 344 „ South. Entrance .. , 363 Levuka Harbour .. .. 484 Moresby River , 415 Llewellyn Shoal .. 402 Moriarty Banks . 238 Lewis Isle ..81 „ Bay . 238 Levuka to Lomaloma.. .. 487 „ Rocks . 238 Lightning Rocks .. 185 Moruya River—Directions . 268 Lights—List of .. ... 490 Mossman River . 419 Liguanea Island .. 76 Mowbray River . 419 Lion Headland .. .. 173 Lipson Reef .. 115 MOUNT— Little Dick .. 253 Cameron .. .. 239 ,, Islet .. .. 81 Dromedary .. 267 „ RameHead.. .. 256 Ferguson .. .. 100 Locust Rock .. 434 Gambier .. 156 .. . .. 235 Gardner 59 ,, Point Reef .. 316 Gullett 105 , „ Spit .. .. 143 Kerferd 237 ,, Nose Rock .. 273 Kincaid 162 Lonsdale Reef .. 18B La Trobe .. 244 ,, Rock .. 186 Many Peak .. 60 Look Out Rock .. 238 Munro 235 Lounds' Isle 64 Pearson 239 ,, ' Reef 64 Pleasant Rock 55 ,Iiouth Bay .. 83 Richmond 162 ,. Isles .. 84 Townsend .. 267 Loutit Bay .. .. 182 Warning .. 344 MOUNT— PAGE PAGE William .. 239 Pearson Isles 74 Wilson .. 243 Peel Islet .. 476 Young .. .. 85 120 Mourilyan Harbour .. 415 Perlorus Rock 116 Moyne River .. .. 166 Penguin Isles 474 Mumbualen Island .. 483 Petit Harbour , 62 .. 65 PetrilRock.. , 225 Murray Reef .. .. 476 PERTH 466 .. 150 and 476 PERCY ISLES TO CAPE GLOUCESTER— Mushroom Rock .. 474 Channels .. .. 378 Mussel Roe Bay .. .. 240 Phillip Rock 462 Pioneer Reef .. 478 Nambuccra River ...... 341 ,, River.. .. 400 Namuka Island .. .. ,. 487 PITTWATER .. .. ., 317 Naturaliste Reef ...... 478 Platypus Rock 385 Na Solo, North Rock .. .. 482 PORT ROYAL 473 Nautical Ephemeris .. .. 23 PORT KENNEDY 475 Navarin Reef .. ,. .» 175 Positions of Headlands, &c. 35 Nelson Bay ...... 328 POINTS :— Nelson Head 328 Amity .. 346 119 Pt. Archer 421 „ Rock ...... 186 Avoid 75 Neptune Isles .. ,. ,. 77 Bare 344 New Year Island 175 Barriga .. .. 267 Newcastle—Directions .. .. 320 Bastion .. .. 257 ,, Harbour Regulations, &c. 324 Bell 63 Nicholson's Knoll 189 225 Night Met 237 Bellambi 278 Ninety Mile Beach .. .. 250 Black 86 Nobby's Head 320 178 Norah's Head ...... 318 277 Normanby Rock 383 Blacknose 163 „ Sound 427 Bold 178 227 Burrewerra 269 ,, River 436 Casuarina 476 North Rock 52 Cataraqui 177 North Islet 78 Cave 52 245 Cleveland 367 Nullica Bay 264 Coal 224 Nusa River 368 Collinson 71 Nuyt's Archipelago .. .. 64 Cone 236 Conran 254 Oberon Bay ., .. .. 227 Corny 88 Onka Paringa Head .. ., 124 Croppies 242 „ River .. .. 124 Danger 163 Orontes Bank 144 345 » 223 Ovalau Island ...... 484 Davis Oyster Harbor ., .. ,. 57 71 Demole 47 „ Rocks ., 234 D'Entrecasteaux Owen Anchorage ...... 468 104 Douglass 157 Page's Rocks 118 Drummond 74 Pambula River 266 Edward 50 Pancake Creek 386 Eyre.. 63 Pandalowie 88 Flinders 183 Parker River ...... 182 Fossil 79 Parry Inlet 50 Fowler's 63 Passage Isle 238 Gawler 89 „ Reefs ...... 52 Gilbert 111 „ Rock 475 222 Griffith 225 Peaked Rocks ...... 78 Grinder 195 Peak Head 53 Henry 58 Pearl Shoal.. >f ,, ..383 Herald 6 POINTS— PAGE POINTS— PAGE Hillier ., .. ... 50 Westall 71 Island 93 West Cliff 47 256 Whaler 163 Islet 58 Whidbey 75 Jarrold ...... 97 Wigan 256 Korogoro 338 Wilson's Shoal .. ..197 Lavinia ...... 179 Wombat ...... 236 Ledge ...... 58 Woniora 278 Lonsdale ...... 185 Woods 97 Look Out 264 Zealey 183 LookOut 346 Pollock Reef 62 Lowly 103 Pope's Eye Bank 189 Macdonald , 434 Porongorup Range 61 Marsden 122 Porpoise Bay ...... 462 Mermaid 60 PORTS:— Merimbula 266 Adelaide—Directions .. 127 Morrison ...... 120 ,, Harbour Regulations, &c. 130 Mussel Roe 240 Albany ...... 426 Nepean ,186 Albert—Directions .. 247 Netherby 176 Alfred 144 Nuyts 48 Augusta .. .. 103,-108 Observatory .. .. 79 „ Winds and Weather 109 Ohara 271 Curtis 387 Parker 438 ,, Narrows, The .. 390 Parker 462 Denison—Directions .. 406 Passage ...... 237 Douglas 74 Paterson 107 419 Pearl 254 Drummond .. .. 74 Peter 64 Elliot ...... 149 Plank 85 Eyre 63 Plomer .338 Fairy 165 Puncheon . • .. .. 235 Gawler 143 Eaft 434 Hacking 279 Red 263 Harding 51 Reef 75 Hinchinbrook .. .. 412 93 Hughes 52 Ricardo ...... 254 Jackson ...... 284 Riley 94 Dock and Slips .. 291 Robert .. .. ,. 476 Harbour Regu- Ronald 173 lations, &c, .. 292 Rotten ...... 173 Signals in use at 289 Sandy Patch .. ..256 Time Ball .. 289 Sandy ...... 143 Winds and Weather 280 „ 346 Kennedy—Directions .. 475 Sir Isaac 74 Lincoln' ...... 82 Sloping .. ,. ..236 Macquarie 337 Schnapper 187 Minlacowie ...... 91 Split 182 Moorowie ...... Ill Stephens 327 Nukulau 483 Stokes 177 Onkaparinga ... .. 124 Sugar Loaf .. ..334 Paterson ...... 107 Surprise 177 Phillip 185 Tacking 337 „ Distances inside Heads 201 Tinline 116 5, Docks, Cranes, &c. .. 215 Tongue 226 „ Harbour Regulations &c, 203 Torogy 268 „ Signals in use at .. 214 Two Hummock .. .. 104 „ Tides in .. .. 199 Upright ;271 „ Rates of Pilotage .. 210 318 Pirie...... 99 Waterhouse 79 „ Directions for .. ,. 101 ...... 241 Rickaby 90 Wards .. ,. .. 100 Port Royal . .. ..473 Webling 96 Robe 155 7. PORTS :- PAGE JPAGE St. Vincent 144 Sale .. .. 252 Stephens 327 Salmon Bay.. 463 Two people 59 Salt Creek Cove 84 Turton 92 Sandon River ...... 342 , .. 89 ,, Shoal 342 Wakefield 145 Sandy Island 47 Willunga 124 „ Peak...... 222 Ports List of in 140 Sarina Inlet 399 Porter Kock .. .. 80 Sayers Bank ...... 75 163 Sceale's Bay ...... 71 Preservation Isle 237 Scraper Shoal ...... 117 Princess Royal Harbour .. 56 Sea Elephant Bay 178 Providence Bay .. .. 328 Seal Bay 177 Pumice Stone Channel 367 „• Island 245 Purdie Isles 64 ,, Islet 56 „ Eocks .. 334 Queenscliff Bight .. , 188 ,, Rock 177 Queensland .. .. 346 Sealers'Cove 244 ,, Harbor dues and Rates of Second Valley 122 Pilotage .. 353 Sextant Rock 427 „ Signals in use at 353 Shallow Inlet ...... 226 „ Tide Table 356 249 Quin Eock 116 226 Shoalhaven ...... 275 Eabbit Island .. ,. ,. 245 Shoalwater Bay ...... 474 Rame Head.. ,, .. .. 49 Shortland's Bluff 4 186 >> ;>.. ., .. ., 256 Signals used at Bar Harbour, &c, 290 Eatoliffe Bay 50 Sinclair Rocks 63 Becherche Archipelago 61 Singapore Rock ...... 384 Eed Bluff 253 Sir John Young's Banks .. .. 275 Eefuge Cove .. .. 244 Sir Joseph Banks Group .. .. 84 Eewa Eoads ., 483 Sisters, The...... 231 Bichmond River ...... 344 Sisters, The 475 Eiley Shoal 96 SeafordBay 76 Ringarooma Biver 241 Sloop Rock 236 Bovolia Bay ,. .. ,. 155 Smith Isle 81 Rock Dunder ., 59 Smith's Rock ...... 357 Bocket and Mortar Apparatus, Smythe Shoal ...... 384 use of ,. ,. 142 Smoky Bay 66 Bocket Spit 383 Snares, The 115 Rockhampton—Directions 391 Scnapper Island Anchorages .. 270 Rocky Isle .. 74 Snowy River 253 ,, Island 75 Snug Cove 264 Rodd Harbour .. 387 Solitary Island ...... 341 Rodd's Peninsula ,. 387 South West Reefs 47 Bodondo Island 229 „ Rock 78 Roe Reef 462 SOUTH COAST OF AUSTEALIA. Roso Eock 145 Cape Leeuwin to the Eastward .. 44 Ross Creek 411 Cape Jervis to Cape Northumber- Round Hill Creek 368 land ...... 148 Rottnest Island 461 Cape Northumberland to Cape Ot- ROUTES :— way ...... 161 Australia to China.. .. 304 Cape Otway to Wilson's Promon- Torres Straits 439 tory 181 Royal George Sand .. ,. 189 Wilson's Promontory to Cape Ruby Rocks „ 161 Howe ...... 243 South Flat Rock 56 St. Alouarn Isles 46 Spalding Cove 82 St. Francis Group 68 77 St. Peter's Island .. .. ., 66 Spencer Gulf, Winds and Weather St. Vincent-Gulf of 122 in .. .. ,. .. 102 Salamander Bay 329 Spitfire Rock ...... 385 „ Rock 240 Stanly Islet...... 50 PAGE PAGE Steering and Sailing Rules .. 300 Twin Rocks 62 Stony Island 52 Twofold Bay 263 Stradbroke Island 346 Ulladulla 272 Stragler's Reef 463 Vancouver Reef 54 Streaky Bay .. ., .. 69 ., .. .. 235 Sturt Bay .._ 81 „ Shoals 236 Sugar Loaf Point ...... 334 Venus Harbor ...... 72 Sullivan Reef 272 Victor Harbor 148 Suva Harbour ...... 447 Victoria Cove ...... 175 Surprise Bay 177 Reef 183 S. W. Islet 53 Victor Shoal 186 „ Reefs...... 47 VitiLevu 486 Suva to Lavuka 444 Vivonne Bay 115 Suva to Lomaloma.. .. ., 448 Wallaroo Bay ,. .. .. 94 Swan Isle 241 Walrus Rock 95 „ Spit .. 187 Wallace Islet 462 Sweer's Island 433 Waratah Bay 226 Swan River 461 Ward Islands 74 Table for Calculating "Wages 42, 43 „ Rock 78 Positions of Principa-----l Headland- s 35 Wardang Isle ...... 89 Magnetic Bearings and Magnetic Ward's Spit ...... 100 Distances between the most Warnbro'Sound 474 prominent Headlands .. 37 Warrnambool ...... 169 Approximate Distances from cer- Hill 171 tain places to others .. .. 41 Wasp Islet 271 Tapley Shoal 112 W itercress Creek ...... 225 Tathra 267 Waterhouse Island .. .. 242 Taylor Isle 81 Waterhouse Bay ...... 79 Telegraph Stations Coast of N.S. Waterloo Bay 243 Wales, List of 289 Waterwitcb Channel .. .. 67 Termination-Island .. ... 61 Waverley Creek 397 Thirsty Sound 396 Waychinicup River . .. 60 Thistle Island ...... 79 Webb Rock 88 Thistle Rock 143 West Cape Howe ...... 51 Thompson Bay .. ., ..423 WEST CoAST AUSTRALIA, from Swan Thorny Passage .. ». .. 81 River to Cape Leu win .. 461 Thursday Island Anchorage . ^ 427 Western Cove 120 TickeraBay 96 —Directions .. 221 Time and its Reduction .. .. 22 Whaler Bay 79 Tipara Bay 94 Whidbey Islands 75 „ Reef.. 94 White Beacon Patch .. .. 233 Tomahawk River 241 White Topped Rocks .. .. 48 Toomeree Head 328 Whitsunday Passage .. .. 384 Top Gallant Isles 73 Wide Bay—Directions .. .. 368 Torbay Inlet 51 Williams'Island 76 TORRES STRAITS, Lights and Bea- William Bay 50 cons in .. .. 424 Wilson Inlet 51 „ Recently Discovered Wilson's Promontory .. .. 228 Dangers in .. 429 Wollongong 278 Tourville Bay 65 Wooli Wooli Creek .. ..342 Tower Hill 165 Wreck Bay 273 TranentRock 270 Wright Bank 478 .,, Trial Bay 339 Yacaaba Head 327 - Trinity Harbour 418 Yankalilla ..123 Troubridge Harbour .. .. 112 Yarra River 194 „ Shoals .. ..112 Yaralla Shoal 383 Two Hummock Spit .. .. 104 Yatala Channel ...... 65 TuggarahReef 318 „ Harbour ., ... .. 105 Tullaburga Island 257 „ Reef 68 Tupper Shoal 384 „ Shoal 118 Tweed River ...... 345 Young Rocks 116 Twin Islets., ...... 60 SUPPLEMENTABY INDEX.

PAGE PAGE. Adam Bay 450 Hart Point 451 Ayers Point 451 King River 446 Adelaide River 451 Karstake Islet 455 Apsley Strait 456 King Cove 456 Alligator River, East ., .. 449 Liverpool Eiver 444 „ „ South .. .. 449 Lawson Isle ...... 447 „ West .. .. 450 Lethbridge Bay 455 Bat Island ' .. 445 Mullet Bay 447 Broyden Point ..' .. .. 447 Money Shoal 447 Bramble Roeks ...... 447 Melville Island ...... 454 Brenton Bay .. -. .. 455 Mermaid Shoal ...... 455 Brace Point 455 North Goulburn ...... 447 Bathurst Island 457 Port Daly 451 Bynoe Harbour .. .. . 460 Port Cockburn 456 Cape Wessell to Clarence Strait.. 444 Port Heard ...... 457 Castlereigh Bay ...... 444 Port Darwin .. .. ,. 458 Cape Stewart 444 Port Patterson 460 Copeland Islet 447 Skirmish Point 444 Cape Hotham 450 South Goulburn, South-west Bay 446 Charles Point 453 Sims Islet 447 Clarence Strait 453 Sir George Hope Islet .. .. 448 Cook Reef , 455 St. Asaph Bay 455 Cape Vandieman ...... 455 Shoal Bay ...... 458 Dundas Strait .. *. .. 447 Timkinson River 445 Entrance Island 444 Taylor River 445 Field and Barren Isles .. .. 449 Turner Point 446 Grant Isle 447 Talc Head 458 Glyde Point 453 Vandieman Gulf .. ' .. .. 448 Gordon Bay 457 { Vernon Isles «, .. .. 454 Gulf of Carpentaria—Monsoons .. 461 j West Point 445 Hawkesbury Point . .. .. 444 35

TABLE OP POSITIONS. OF THE PRINCIPAL HEADLANDS, &c, ON THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN COASTS OF NEW HOLLAND, FEOM CAPE LEEUWIN TO PINE PEAK. The Positions in this table are principally taken from the latest editions of the Admiralty Sheet Charts, and other authentic sources. They are given to the nearest minute of arc.

PLACES. LATITUDE. LONGITUDE. °.. ' s. ° H^ Cape Leeuwin ...... 34 22 115 9 Point D'Entrecasteaux ...... 34 52 116 1 West Cape Howe 35 9 117 40 Bald Head ...... 35 7 118 1 Breaksea Island Light, King George's Sound ... 35 4 118 3 Mount Gardner (Summit) ...... • .... • ... 35 1 118 12 Bald Island ...... 34 55 118 27 CapeKnob ...... 34 31 119 14 East Mount Barren...... 33 57 119 59 Rocky Islets (North Islet)...... 34 5 120 53 Termination Isle ...... 34 30 121 58 Cape Arid ...... 34 1 123 13 Pollock Reef (West End) ...... 34 35 123 26 Dover Point (Extreme) ... .., ... 32 34 Great Australian Bight, Head of ...... * 125 30 Fowler Point (Extreme) ...... 31 29 131 7 Isles St. Francis (Summit of largest Isle) ... 32 ' 2 132 33 (South extreme) ...... 32 31 133 16 Point Sir Isaac (North extreme) ... .., .... 33 12 134 15 Linguanea Island (Summit) ...... 34 26 135 10 Cape Castastrophe (West Point) ...... 35 00 135 34 Neptune Isles (S. E. Islet) 35 1 135 56 Thistle Island (South Point) .... 35 21 136 7 Gambier Island (South Point) ... • ...... 35 4 136 12 Cape Bedout (Rocks of) ... .., 35 10 136 29 Cape Borda Light ...... ••• 35 57 136 34 Althorpe Isles (South Island) Light ...... 35 46 136 35 Cape Spencer (South Point) • ...... 35 23 136 51 Young Rocks (Highest) ... • .... 35 18 136 53 Pelorous Rocks ...... 36 21 137 22 Point Marsden ...< ...... ,•• ... 36 6 137 36 Cape Jervis Light ...... 35 34 137 44 Stuart Light (Cape Willoughby)... 35 38 138 9 Cape Jaffa ...... 35 52 138 11 Cape Northumberland (Lights) ...... 36 57 139 42 Cape Nelson (South Point) , .... 38 3 140 38 (Centre) 38 26 141 33 Curdie Inlet (Entrance) ...... 38 26 142 1 Cape Otway ...... • 38 37 142 53 Cape Wickham (Light North end King's Island) 38 51 143 31 Point Lonsdale (Lighthouse) ...... 39 35 143 57 Cape Schanck (Lighthouse) ••• ...... 38 18 144 37 Cape Wollomai (South Extreme)...... 38 30 144 53 Cape Liptrap (Extreme) ...... 38 34 145 21 Wilson's Promontory (Lighthouse on S. E. Extreme).. 38 55 145 56 Cape Everard (Extreme) ...••• ...... ••• 39 8 146 25 Rame Head ...... 37 47 149 18 E 37 43 149 38 u SOUTH COAST OF AUSTRALIA PROM CAPE LEEUWIN, EASTWARD. BEARINGS AND COURSES ARE MAGNETIC.

[The following Descriptions and Sailing Directions are compiled chiefly from the Australian Directory, issued from the Hydrophieal Office, London, with extracts from, the latest Surveys by Staff Commander Howard, B.N., and Staff Commander W. E. Archdeacon, R.N. The Directions for the Coast of South Australia are extracts from those published by the South Australian Government, compiled by B. Douglas, Esq., President of Marine Board, the surveys of Lieutenant W. N". Goalen, M.N., and others, with such alterations and additions as have since become necessary. . All bearings are magnetic.} Remarks on the Winds, Weather, and Currents. Near Cape Leeuwin the wind blows generally from the westward, varying in summer from N.W. in the night to S.W. in the latter part of the day, though not with regularity. 'Both here, and off the south coast as far as Bass' Strait, the strongest and most durable winds blow from the south-westward, causing a long and incessant swell from April to November, when the weather is generally very unsettled and tempestuous, and gales of wind at south-west are'frequent, varying sometimes between S. by W. and N. by E. During the months of December, January, and February, easterly winds may be expected. Captain Flinders, remarks, '' The progress of the gales is usually this : The barometer falls to 29J inches, or lower, and the wind rises to the north-westward with thick weather, commonly with rain; it then veers gradually to the westward, increasing in strength, and generally clearing up as soon it abtains any southing. At S.W. the gales, blow hardest, and the barometer rises, and by the time it reaches S. or S.S.E., it becomes moderate with fine weather, and the barometer above 30 inches. Sometimes the wind may back round to the west, or to the northward of it, with a fall in the mercury, and with diminishing strength, or perhaps die away ; but the gale is not over although a cessation of a day or two may take place. In some: cases the wind flies round suddenly from N.W. to S:W., and the rainy thick weather then continues for a longer time." Such is the usual course of the gales along the south coast and in Bass' Strait;: but on the east side of the Strait, the winds partake of the nature of those on the east coast, where the gale often blows hardest between S. and S.E., and is accom- panied with thick weather, and frequently with heavy rain. • ' In the Great Australian Bight, between the Archipelago and the Recherche and Cape Northumberland, from the middle of January to the middle of April, the prevailing winds are moderate between S.E. and E.N.E., partaking of the. nature of sea and land breezes, and attended with fine weather but westerly winds and S.W. gales have occasionally been experienced in this space during the above period, although the latter are said seldom to blow home on the coast. In the summer the wind generally revolves with the sun, a change to the southward being at all seasons preceded by a rise in the barometer, and winds from the opposite quarter being foretold by its fall. This valuable instrument is here of considerable importance ; the medium height is about 30 inches for fine weather or steady wind, and it seldom falls below 29J inches ; when it falls with unusal rapidity, and thick weather accompanies an increasing breeze from the westward, a S.W. gale may be expected, and it is then advisable to obtain an offing, as such gales sometimes come on without much notice. Currents—The Polar current divides off Cape Leeuwin, one part setting northward along the west coast, and the other part eastward along the south coast at the rate of 1 to 1J knots an hour, the rate of the latter part is retarded during easterly winds which prevail from the middle of January to the middle of April; For further information (if any) see supplement at end of book. 45 during southerly and south-westerly gales the current sets towards the land. Near Cape Leeuwin, and off the south coast of Australia, it appears to be principally influenced by the prevailing winds at all times of the year, some ships having experienced constant northerly currents from one to one and a half knots, changing to N.E. as they approach the S.W. coast; while others have been set as much as 7° to the eastward, without much to the northward, in the run from the Cape of Good Hope to King's Island. From Cape Leeuwin to the Archipelago of Eecherche, the current has been found to run easterly, in a parallel direction with the coast, being strongest between D'Entrecasteaux Point and King George's Sound, where its velocity is sometimes one and a half knots. From the Archipelago, round the Australian Bight to Cape Northumberland, it has less strength than to the south- ward of those limits, and as Bass' Strait is approached, it is again experienced running to the eastward at the rate of a knot. In the Strait, the flood tide coming from the eastward and at Kings Island meeting another flood coming from the southward along the west coast of Tasmania, overruns this easterly current, the influence of which is not again felt till on the meridian of Cape Howe, where it is experienced running at the rate of a knot to the eastward, and dissipating itself in the waters of the Pacific. By this it will appear, that off the south coast a current generally will be found running to the nort eastward, inclining easterly, particularly after, or during the prevalence of the strong westerly winds, which blow during nine months of the year in this region, and which throw a great upon the western shores of Tasmania. During summer, when these winds are only occasionally experienced on the south coast, and strong southerly gale detach large masses of ice from the frozen Antarctic regions, and drive them as far north at 46° and 45° S., the easterly current abates in strength, and after a fresh easterly wind, it is not unfrequently found to change its direction to the N. W, When bound to Melbourne or Sydney, on approaching the meridian of the Cape, it is advisable to steer on the parallel of King's Island, both to prevent being thrown into the bight te>th e westward of Cape Northumberland by a probable S.E. wind, or being driven to the southward by strong northerly or N.N.E. winds, which are often experienced between 40° and 44° S., to the westward of Tasmania. Cape Leeuwin, the south-west extremity of New Holland, is in latitude 34° 22' S., and 115° 9' E. longitude. The Cape is formed of tolerably elevated land, of smooth but sterile aspect, and is visible ten leagues off in fine weather. It is defended between S.W. and S.E. by rocky islets, or detached breakers, to the extent of five or six miles, the Cape itself appearing like a small, low, rocky island, lying close to the main, with lower land on its north side, and a very remarkable large bare patch of sand on the coast, five or six miles to the northward of it. The westernmost of the dangers known to exist in the vicinity of the Cape, is a reef, on which the French corvette Geographe nearly struck in 1803, and has since been seen by several vessels. It consists of two small rocks with shallow water over them and deep water between, about one cable apart in a N.W. and S.E. direc- tion ; does not always break, and lies S. W. 3| miles from Cape Hamelin, and N.W. by W. J-W. about 8 miles from Cape Leeuwin. The soundings give little warning of its vicinity, there being twenty-four fathoms at a sixth of a mile from its N.W. and S. W. sides ; other reefs, partly dry, are scattered over the space between this rock and the main, but they do not extend to the northward of the sand patch. St. Alouarn Island well open southward of Cape Leeuwin bearing S.E. by E. f-E. leads south, and a conspicuous sand patch north of Cape Hamelin N.E. •|-N. leads west of Geographe Reef. The soundings in the neighbourhood of the Cape are not regular, and do not extend far offshore, being eighty-five fathoms at nine or ten leagues to the S. by W., and forty to sixty fathoms at six leagues to the southward of it. The variation was 6° westerly in 1878. There is a small bay half-a-mile from the sand patch above mentioned afford- ing a good anchorage over a space of three-quarters of a mile square, well sheltered from all westerly winds by an island in front, connected with the main land by a reef at its north end, but which has a clear channel half a mile into the bay round its south side. There is a small lake of fresh water 150 yards behind the shores of For further information (if any) see supplement at end of book. 46 the bay, but as the reefs abreast are not yet well known, this place should be approached with caution. Rambler Bocks, said to be even with the water's edge and. to have been seen at 12 or 15 miles W.S.W. from the sand patch north of Cape Hamelin, could not be seen from the high land in the vicinity of Cape Hamelin. From this evidence and from the fact that a small coasting steam vessel having passed around Cape Leeuwin twice a month for a period of four years, without seeing any indication of these rocks, they are for the present supposed to be identical with Geographe Reef. ST. ALOURAN ISLETS.—These rocky islets and reefs form a chain extending nearly five miles in a south-esterly direction from Cape Leeuwin. Seal Islet, 12 feet high, the north-westernmost of St. Alouran Islets, lies one mile E. by S. J-S. from Cape Leeuwin ; between this islet and the main land there are numerous dry rocks and sunken reefs. St. Alouran Islet, 70 feet high, is the largest islet, and lies S.E. by E. 3J miles from Cape Leeuwin. Plinder's Islet, 20 feet high, lies S.S.E. three-quarters of a mile from St. Alouran Islet; at half a mile S.E. from Flinder's Islet lie two rocks (south-east Hocks) eight feet high, near each other ; these rocks present a bluff face to the' south-west, and slope to a point in a north-east direction. A small sunken rock lies about one cable east of South-east Rock. S. W. Breaker lies W.S.W. 1£ miles from South-east Rocks, and S.S.E. 4£ miles from Cape Leeuwin. The high land of Cape Hamelin seen well open west of Cape Leeuwin, bearing N.N.W. leads to the westward; and a remarkable dome- shaped dark hill, near the coast about 9J miles east of Blackwood River, N.E. J-N., leads to the south-east of S. W. Breaker. Flinder's Bay-—The coast from Cape Leeuwin trends E.N.E. 1J miles to Matthew Point, the west point of Flinder's Bay ; N. by E. 2J miles to the mouth of Blackwood River (Hardy Inlet) ; thence to the eastward for about eight miles, when it gradually curves to the south-east 11J miles to Black Point, the east point of the bay. The coast from the mouth of Blackwood River for a distance of nine miles to the eastward is comparatively low and sandy ; the land then becomes higher with several sand patches on its slopes for a distance of seven miles to White Point, so named from the long white sand patch at its extremity ; several reefs, some of which dry at low water, extend half a mile from White Point. Black Point, 140 feet high, situated S.E. four miles from White Point, is composed of dark basaltic rock, projecting abruptly from tfajk coast, and forming a bight on either side, both of which are foul; Black Point is easily recognised, the coast for several miles east and west being sandy. Dickson Peak, 485 feet high, is a dark conspicuous hill, N.W. two miles from Black Point. Flinder's Bay being exposed to the south-east, from which quarter strong gales sometimes blow during the summer, sending in a heavy ground swell, should not be entered at that season ; the north-west side of the bay is rocky ; but there is a good winter anchorage off the mouth of Blackwood River, protected from northerly and westerly winds by the main land, and from southerly winds by Alouran islets and reefs. In the north part of the bay at 1J miles from the shore, and E. f-S. four miles from the mouth of Blackwood River, lies Bessie's Reef, on which the sea breaks in bad weather; the neighbouring shore is fronted with small rocky ledges, some of which are visible at low water. Augusta was formerly a small settlement on the west side of the entrance to Blackwood River ; there are now (1877) only a few poor settlers, who obtain a precarious living by fishing. Landing can be effected with tolerable safety within a small rocky ledge, which extends half a cable in a northerly direction from Barrack Point (a small projection midway between Matthew Point and Blackwood River), except during tad weather ; near this landing-place there is a small stream of fresh water. Blackwood River.—The bar at the mouth of this river is rocky, and has a depth of 3J feet water, except in winter, when the freshets from the river deepen it to six or seven feet, independently of a rise of three feet more occasionally, caused For further information (if any) see supplement at end of book. 142

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING MORTAR AND ROCKET LINES, FOE SAVING LIFE FROM SHIPWRECK. (Issued by the Trinity House of South Australia.) Tn the event of your vessel stranding on the coast of South Australia, near the following places, viz.:—Streaky Bay, , Cape Borda (), Cape Willoughby (ditto), Encounter Bay, Guichen Bay, Cape Northumberland, Port Willunga (St. Vincent's Gulf), Yankalilla, Victor Harbour, Port Robe or Cape Jaffa, and the lives of the crew being placed in danger, assistance will, if possible, be rendered from the shore in the following manner, viz.:— 1. A rocket or shot, with a thin line attached, will be fired across your vessel Get hold of this line as soon as you can, and when you have secured it let one of the crew be separated from the rest, and if in the daytime, wave his hat or his hand, or a flag or handkerchief, or if at night, let rocket, a blue light, or a gun be fired, or let a light be shown over the side of the ship, and be again concealed as a signal to those on shore. 2. When you see one of the men on shore separated from the rest, wave a red flag, or (if at night) show a red light and then conceal it, you are to haul upon the rocket line until you get a block with an endless fall rove through it. 3. Make the tail of the block fast to the mast about 15 feet above the deck, or if your masts are gone, to the highest secure part of the vessel; and when the tail block is made fast, and the rocket line unbent from the whip, let one of the crew, separated from the rest, make the signal required by Article 1 above. 4. As soon as the signal is seen on shore a hawser will be bent to the whip line and will be hauled off to the ship by those on shore. 5. When the hawser is got on board the crew should at once make it fast to the same part of the ship as tailed block is made fast to, only about 18 inches higher, taking care that there are no turns of the whip line round the hawser. 8. When the hawser has been made fast on board, the signal directed by Articles 1 above is to be repeated. 7. The men on the shore will then pull the hawser taut, and by means of the whip line will haul off the ship a sling, cot, or lifebuoy, into which the person to be hauled ashore is to get and be made fast. When he is in and secure, one of the crew must he separated from the rest, and again signal to the shore as directed in Article 1 above. The people on shore will then haul the person in the sling to the shore, and when he has landed will haul back the empty sling to the ship for others. This operation will be repeated to and fro until all persons are hauled ashore from the wrecked vessel. 8. It may sometimes happen that the state of the weather and the condition of the ship will not admit of a hawser being set up, in which case a sling or life-buoy will be hauled off instead, and the persons to be rescued will be hauled through the surf instead of along the hawser. Masters and crews of wrecked vessels should bear in mind that the success in landing them may in a great measure DEPEND UPON THEIR COOLNESS AND ATTENTION TO THE RULES HERE LAID DOWN, and that by attending to them many lives are annually saved by the Mortar and Rocket Appa- ratus on the coasts of the United Kingdom. The system of signalling must be stiictly adhered to, and all women, children, passengers, and helpless persons, should be landed before the crew of the ship. Lifeboats of the most approved description are stationed at the following places, viz.:— No. 1. Port Adelaide. This boat will be sent to any part of the coast by steamer, on intelligence of a wreck being received by telegraph or other means of communication. : No. 2. Victor Harbour, Encounter Bay. No. 3. Guichen Bay. No. 4. Cape Northumberland. For further information (if any) see supplement at end of book. 316

EAST COAST OF AUSTRALIA.

NEW SOUTH WALES. PROM PORT JACKSON TO POINT DANGER. The Coast to the northward of Port Jackson, between it and Broken Bay, is high with bluff heads, and a few sandy beaches between them. These heads are fringed by rocky ledges, but with the single exception of the reef running out from Long Point, this part of the coast may be approached with safety to the distance of half-a-mile. Reef off Long Point-—From Long Point, five miles to the northward of Port Jackson, a dangerous reef extends at least three-quarters of a mile ; to avoid it keep the outer South Head light open of North Head, bearing about S. byW.iW. Broken Bay, 16 miles to the northward of Port Jackson, is easily made •out when coming from the southward, Barren joey Head, on the south side of the •entrance, being a peninsula hill, 310 feet in height, at the north extreme of a reddish coloured beach, forming the eastern boundary of Pitt Water. At about three miles to the southward of Barrenjoey Head is a remarkable perforated cliff known as the Hole in the Wall.

FIXED RED LIGHT, BARREN JOEY, BKOKEN BAY. The light is of the second order dioptric, elevated 371 feet above high-water mark. It is visible at a distance of about 15 miles from seaward in ordinary -weather, and open between the bearings of N.N,W. and S.W.JW. magnetic. In coming from the northward, the entrance is more difficult to make out, Cape Three Points—at seven and a-half miles to the north-eastward of Barrenjoey Head projecting so far as to the eastward, and the head from that direction being on with the high back ground, is not easily distinguished. Between Cape Three Points and Hawk Head, on the north side of the entrance and the east and west reefs, are two small patches mostly awash, at only a short distance from the land. The entrance of Broken Bay is about two miles wide, between Barrenjoey and Hawk Heads, both of which may be approached within half-a-mile. Eliot Isle is a small island of moderate height, lying about half-a-mile to the eastward of Middle Head, and equidistant from Barrenjoey and Hawk Heads. The Bar-—In entering Broken Bay the depth decreases from 12 to 3 fathoms, as there are shoals forming a bar across an inner entrance, between Middle Head and the promontory on the south side. A 14-feet patch, the most shallow part of the bar, is about one-third of a mile off the south shore, with Hawk Head just shut in by the south-east extreme of Eliot Isle; to avoid it, keep two cables' length from the south shore, where the depth is not less than three and a-half fathoms, observing that as long -as Hawk Head is open of Eliot Isle, a vessel is to the eastward and south- ward of the patch. Middle Bank is a shoal nearly a mile long, its north-eastern end being half a-mile inside the bar ; the least depth on it is 15 feet; but there are from four and a-half to six fathoms water around it. For further information (if any) see supplement at end of book. 479 Other reefs, partly dry, and scattered over the space between Geographe Reef'. and the mainland ; but they do not extend to the northward of the remarkable bare sand patch. . Cape Leeiiwin.—From Cape Hamelin the coast, which has some small-, islets off it, trends S.E. to Cape Leeuwin, the S.W. extremity of Australia; a. description of which will be found on page 45. Masters of vessels bound from the Leeuwin to any of the ports to the northward should, after passing Cape- Naturaliste, beware of a strong current setting to the north-eastward ; many vessels lately, when bound to Fremantle, having been set on to the south end of Garden Island instead of making Rottnest Island as expected, and in some instances nar- rowly escaped losing their ships. This set should be especially guarded against, in thick blowy weather.

SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR THE FIJI ISLANDS.

Compiled chiefly from Surveys made in Her Majesty''s Skips. 1854-80. The Fiji Islands comprise, besides numerous islets and reefs, 155 islands con- taining a total area of 7400 square miles, of which about 100 are inhabited, extending between the latitudes of 15Q 40' and 21° 20' S., and the longitudes of from 176° 50" E. to 178° 10f W. The group is in the centre of Polynesia, and; lies in the track between the Australian colonies, Panama, and British Columbia. Between it and the Australian colonies is situated the large French possession of New Caledonia; on the same side, but to the northward, the New Hebrides;'and onthe eastern side of the Fiji group, to the north and east, stretch the Navigator, Friendly, and Society Islands. Situated thus, nearly equidistant from India and America, and contiguous to- the eastern shores of Australia. Fiji is well adapted for the purpose of commerce. The Fiji Islands may be subdivided into three distinct parts, consisting as follows:— (1.) Viti Livu (meaning great Viti or Fiji, the largest of the Fiji Islands) and its neighbouring islands, in one of which (Ovalau) is situated the town of Levuka, for many years considered the capital of the group, although, from position and ether causes, it is now decided that Suva, on the south side of Viti Levu, should; supersede it as the seat of Government. (2.) The Weather or .Eastern Group, locally known as Lau, comprising. Lakemba and the surrounding islands, of which the capital Loma Loma is situated on the eastern side of Vamu Mbalavu. (3.) Vanua Levu (Great land), the second in size of the Fiji Islands, which has many well protected anchorages on the north and west coast, approached through passages in the barrier reefs, and an extensive bay on the south coast, which is easy of access, from the ocean, and which comprises one of the best harbours in Fiji. Winds and Weather.—The south-east trade wind prevails throughout the Fiji Group from April to October, subject to deflection in certain neighbour- hoods, where the trend of the coast and proximity of high land causes an altera- tion in the general direction of that wind. On the south coast of Viti Levu, at night, a little breeze comes off the land ; the trade wind here takes an E.S.E. direction, and prevails between 5 a.m. and. 5- p.m. Among the islands, off the west and north-west coasts of Viti Levu, the For further information (if anyj see supplement at end of book. Getting around this CD

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