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Navigation a Selection of Articles Previously Published by Gard AS 2 Navigation Navigation A selection of articles previously published by Gard AS 2 Navigation © Gard AS, April 2010 Contents Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................................................4 Anchoring within Malaysian waters off Singapore .............................................................................................................................5 Dangerous anchoring in the Singapore area .........................................................................................................................................6 Damage to fixed objects when manoeuvring in confined waters ...............................................................................................7 “What if...?” – Planning for the unexpected before an emergency develops ...........................................................................9 Pilot error survey ............................................................................................................................................................................................12 What happens to the pilot after a casualty? .....................................................................................................................................12 Global wave watch system .........................................................................................................................................................................13 Typhoon season precautions – Hong Kong area ...............................................................................................................................14 Double typhoon trouble ...............................................................................................................................................................................15 Don’t fall asleep on the job - No let-up in fatigue-related casualties .....................................................................................17 Collisions at sea - Unavoidable? .............................................................................................................................................................20 A collision that should have been avoided ..........................................................................................................................................23 Is the pilot a part of the bridge team? ...................................................................................................................................................25 Navigation through the entrances to the Baltic Sea .......................................................................................................................28 Amazon Region – Danger of Grounding ..............................................................................................................................................29 Hydrodynamic interaction between ships ...........................................................................................................................................29 Operations in extremely cold climates ..................................................................................................................................................30 Winter season in Northern Baltic Sea ....................................................................................................................................................32 Severe ice conditions in the northern Baltic Sea ..............................................................................................................................33 AnchoringGetting into a safe haven or into a potential disaster? ............................................................................................34 Rubicon - The point of no return ............................................................................................................................................................36 “Pilot on board!” ..............................................................................................................................................................................................37 Pilot on the bridge - Role, Authority and Responsibility ...............................................................................................................39 Who is to blame? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................44 Collisions - Why do they occur? ..............................................................................................................................................................46 Amendments to the Collision Regulations ..........................................................................................................................................47 TRICOLOR - The collision, sinking and wreck removal ....................................................................................................................48 Wash damage ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Hull and Machinery incident - The innocent victim .......................................................................................................................52 (of an unsuccessful berthing manouevre) ...........................................................................................................................................52 Hull and machinery incident - Consequences of a blackout .......................................................................................................53 Reducing maritime casualties through awareness of nautical safety .....................................................................................54 Ship simulators - Virtual reality without P&I liability .....................................................................................................................56 Voyage Data Recorders - Black box technology paves its way into shipping .......................................................................58 Computerisation of bridges and engine rooms - Progress or regression? .............................................................................60 The interface between hull and machinery insurance and P&I from the P&I claims handler’s perspective ............62 Disclaimer The information contained in this publication is compiled from material previously published by Gard AS and is provided for general information purposes only. Whilst we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy and quality of the information provided at the time of original publication, Gard AS can accept no responsibility in respect of any loss or damage of any kind whatsoever which may arise from reliance on information contained in this publication regardless of whether such information originates from Gard AS, its shareholders, correspondents or other contributors. 3 Navigation © Gard AS, April 2010 Introduction This booklet contains a collection of loss prevention materials - High commercial pressure relating to navigational accidents, training and other issues - Larger and faster ships which have been published by Gard over the last five years. - Reduced manning The compilation may be used for individual studies, as parts of - Increased administrative tasks on board training schemes, or as individual topics in safety meeting or - Increased number of inspections education. - Fatigue - Lack of experience There is a growing concern within the industry about the increase - Lack of competence in navigational claims. The pattern seems to be a steady number - Poor decision making of claims per ship but the severity of each claim increases every year. In the last 4 years alone, Gard has seen a doubling in The discussion about these factors will continue as long as ships the value of the claims paid as a result of navigational errors. ply the seas but there are some areas that need to be addressed Navigational incidents represent approximately 40 per cent of the by ship operators to improve the performance of the shipping numbers of all claims and 50 per cent of the costs. industry: There is a human error behind the majority of navigational Education, training and crew selection is paramount to obtain claims. The occasional technical failure, normally resulting in and keep high quality crew. Lack of positive corrective action is a limited damage to piers and ships’ sides are rare and not of major common direct cause of accidents. concern. Human error is the cause behind at least 80 per cent of all navigational accidents. This figure seems to be the generally Situational awareness is a term used to describe what is agreed industry wide. missing within the bridge team when this happens. To achieve such awareness it is necessary to conduct teamwork and Several factors have been pointed out as possible reasons for the communication training. increasing number of human error incidents: The human being is the only intelligent barrier in our systems and - Integrated and complicated bridge systems only the crew can halt the current development and protect the - High traffic density value of ships, cargo and environment. 4 Navigation
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