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The Harrat Al-Birk Basalts in Southwest Saudi Arabia: Characteristic Alkali Mafic Magmatism Related to Red Sea Rifting
Acta Geochim (2017) 36(1):74–88 DOI 10.1007/s11631-016-0126-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Harrat Al-Birk basalts in southwest Saudi Arabia: characteristic alkali mafic magmatism related to Red Sea rifting Rami A. Bakhsh1 Received: 17 June 2016 / Revised: 31 July 2016 / Accepted: 19 September 2016 / Published online: 24 September 2016 Ó Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Harrat Al-Birk volcanics are products of the Red separation of clinopyroxene followed by amphiboles and Sea rift in southwest Saudi Arabia that started in the Ter- Fe–Ti oxides, particularly ilmenite. Accordingly, the Har- tiary and reached its climax at *5 Ma. This volcanic field rat Al-Birk alkali basalts underwent crystal fractionation is almost monotonous and is dominated by basalts that that is completely absent in the exotic mantle xenoliths include mafic–ultramafic mantle xenoliths (gabbro, web- (e.g. Nemeth et al. in The Pleistocene Jabal Akwa Al sterite, and garnet-clinopyroxenite). The present work Yamaniah maar/tuff ring-scoria cone complex as an anal- presents the first detailed petrographic and geochemical ogy for future phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosive notes about the basalts. They comprise vesicular basalt, eruption scenarios in the Jizan Region, SW Saudi Arabia porphyritic basalt, and flow-textured basalt, in addition to 2014). red and black scoria. Geochemically, the volcanic rock varieties of the Harrat Al-Birk are low- to medium-Ti, Keywords Harrat Al-Birk Á Alkaline basalt Á Red Sea sodic-alkaline olivine basalts with an enriched oceanic rifting Á Hydrous mantle Á Reworked oceanic crust island signature but extruded in a within-plate environ- ment. -
121011 Factsheet Jemen
JEMEN _______________________________________ Allgemeine Grundlagen - Länderinformation Name Republik Jemen (al-Dschumh ūriyya al-Yamaniyya), 1990 wiedervereinigt Geographie Lage: 43 - 53º östl. Länge, 13 - 19º nördl. Breite Südspitze der arabischen Halbinsel; Grenzländer im Norden: Saudi-Arabien Grenzgebiete im Westen: Rotes Meer Grenzgebiete im Süden: Golf von Aden Grenzländer im Osten: Oman Fläche: 527 968 km² (vergleichbar mit Frankreich) Hauptstadt: Sana’a Weitere Städte: Aden, Ta’izz Währung Yemen Rial (YER), 1 € entspricht etwa 276,7 YER (Stand Oktober 2012) Bevölkerung Einwohner: 24,8 Mio. Altersstruktur: 0 – 14 Jahre: 43 % 15 – 64 Jahre: 54,4 % 65 Jahre und älter: 2,6 % Bevölkerungswachstum: 2,6% Geburtenrate: 4,45 Geburten/Frau Bevölkerungsstruktur: Araber (97%), Afro-Araber, Südasiaten, Europäer Durchschnittsalter: 18,3 Jahre (sehr niedrig) (Stand: 2012) Sozialordnung Im Norden des Landes finden sich noch ausgeprägte Stammesstrukturen, starke Benachteiligung der weiblichen Bevölkerung Sprache Arabisch Schrift Arabische Religion Islam (offiz. Staatsreligion), ca. 99 % Sunnitische Schafeiten, 70 % Schiitische Zaiditen, 30 % (s. Houti-Rebellen in Nordjemen) Rest: jemenitische Juden, ausländische Christen und Hindus (Stand: 2008) Gesundheit Kindersterblichkeitsrate: 5,4 % Lebenserwartung bei Geburt: 64,11 Jahre 0,3 Ärzte pro 1000 Einwohner HIV-Infizierte: 12.000 (ca. 0,005 %) Infektionskrankheiten: Diarrhöe, Hepatitis A, Typhus, Denguefieber und Malaria Staatliches Krankenversicherungssystem besteht, bietet jedoch nur rudimentäre Versorgung in den größeren Städten. Stand: Schätzungen 2012 Staatsform Präsidialdemokratie Verfassung Laut Verfassung von 1994 ist der Jemen ein islamischer Staat (Scharia als Rechtsquelle), an dessen Spitze ein alle 7 Jahre gewählten Staatspräsident steht (max. zwei Amtszeiten); Der Jemen ist der einzige demokratisch verfasste Staat der Arabischen Halbinsel. Regierung Regierungspartei: GPC (Allgemeiner Volkskongress) Regierungschef: Premier Muhammad Salim Ba Sindwah (seit 27. -
Yemen, Third Quarter 2018: Update on Incidents According to the Armed
YEMEN, THIRD QUARTER 2018: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) - Updated 2nd edition compiled by ACCORD, 20 December 2018 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 15 December 2018; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 YEMEN, THIRD QUARTER 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) - UPDATED 2ND EDITION COMPILED BY ACCORD, 20 DECEMBER 2018 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Remote violence 1447 458 3035 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 837 616 4670 Development of conflict incidents from September 2016 to September Riots/protests 133 2 2 2018 2 Violence against civilians 125 85 106 Methodology 3 Strategic developments 74 3 13 Non-violent activities 2 0 0 Conflict incidents per province 4 Total 2618 1164 7826 Localization of conflict incidents 4 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 15 December 2018). Disclaimer 7 Development of conflict incidents from September 2016 to September 2018 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 15 December 2018). 2 YEMEN, THIRD QUARTER 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) - UPDATED 2ND EDITION COMPILED BY ACCORD, 20 DECEMBER 2018 Methodology Geographic map data is primarily based on GADM, complemented with other sources if necessary. -
Bauhistorische Untersuchungen Am Almaqah-Heiligtum Von Sirwah Vom
BAUHISTORISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AM ALMAQAH-HEILIGTUM VON SIRWAH VOM KULTPLATZ ZUM HEILIGTUM Von der Fakultät Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen und Stadtplanung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Dipl.-Ing. Nicole Röring geboren am 18.01.1972 in Lippstadt Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Adolf Hoffmann Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Rheidt Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06.10.2006 Band 1/Text In Erinnerung an meinen Vater Engelbert Röring Zusammenfassung Das Almaqah-Heiligtum von Sirwah befindet sich auf der südarabischen Halbinsel im Nordjemen etwa 80 km östlich der heutigen Hauptstadt Sanaa und ca. 40 km westlich von Marib, der einstigen Hauptstadt des Königreichs von Saba. Das Heiligtum, dessen Blütezeit auf das 7. Jh. v. Chr. zurückgeht, war dem sabäischen Reichsgott Almaqah geweiht. Das Heiligtum wird von einer bis zu 10 m hoch anstehenden und etwa 90 m langen, gekurvten Umfassungsmauer eingefasst. Im Nordwesten der Anlage sind zwei Propyla vorgelagert, die die Haupterschließungsachse bilden. Quer zum Inneren Propylon erstreckt sich entlang der Westseite eine einst überdachte Terrasse mit unterschiedlichen Einbauten. Kern der Gesamtanlage bildet ein Innenhof, der von der Umfassungsmauer mit einem umlaufenden Wehrgang gerahmt wird. Den Innenhof prägen unterschiedliche Einbauten rechteckiger Kubatur sowie insbesondere das große Inschriftenmonument, des frühen sabäischen Herrschers, Mukarrib Karib`il Watar, das eins der wichtigsten historischen Quellen Südwestarabiens darstellt. Die bauforscherische Untersuchung des Almaqah-Heiligtums von Sirwah konnte eine sukzessive Entwicklung eines Kultplatzes zu einem ‘internationalen’ Sakralkomplex nachweisen, die die komplexe Chronologie der Baulichkeiten des Heiligtums und eine damit einhergehende mindestens 1000jährige Nutzungszeit mit insgesamt fünfzehn Entwicklungsphasen belegt, die sich wiederum in fünf große Bauphasen gliedern lassen. -
IDP Hosting Site Baseline Assessment Comparative Overview
Yemen IDP Hosting Site Assessment - Baseline, June 2017 IDP Hosting Site Baseline Assessment Comparative Overview YEMEN: Amanat Al Asimah, Amran, Dhamar, Marib JUNE 2017 1 Yemen IDP Hosting Site Assessment - Baseline, June 2017 Cover image: Khamir IDP Settlement, Amran Governorate, Yemen, Giles Clarke for UNOCHA, 2017 https://ocha.smugmug.com/Countries/Yemen/YEMEN-MEDIA-SELECTS/i-xDQCSBP/A About REACH Initiative REACH facilitates the development of information tools and products that enhance the capacity of aid actors to make evidence-based decisions in emergency, recovery and development contexts. All REACH activities are conducted through inter-agency aid coordination mechanisms. For more information, you can write to our in-country office: [email protected] can view all our reports, maps and factsheets on our resoure centre: reachresourcecentre.info, visit our website at reach-initiative.org, and follow us @REACH_info. 2 Yemen IDP Hosting Site Assessment - Baseline, June 2017 Contents Introduction and Methodology ................................................................................................................. 4 Definitions and Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 5 Map 1: Assessed IDP hosting sites, per district .............................................................................. 6 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... -
The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Red Sea
The Palaeolithic Occupation of the Red Sea Coastal Zone: New survey data from Jizan and Asir Regions, Southwestern Saudi Arabia Robyn Inglis1 *, Anthony Sinclair2, Andrew Shuttleworth2 , Abdullah Alsharekh3, Niklas Hausmann1, Abdarrazzaq Al Maamary3, Matthew Meredith-Williams1, Maud Devès4, Saud Al Ghamdi3 and Geoff Bailey1 1Department of Archaeology, University of York, UK; 2School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, UK; 3College of Tourism & Archaeology, King Saud University, KSA; 4Laboratoire Tectonique, Institut du Physique du Globe, Paris, France. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] 1. Introduction IRAQ 5595 m JORDAN -428 m Land exposed Southwestern Saudi Arabia is a crucial region in narratives of hominin dispersals from East Africa into the Arabian Peninsula and across the globe at sea level via the ‘Southern Route’ (Beyin 2006; Petraglia and Alsharekh 2003), particularly in dispersals of Homo sapiens, but also in dispersals of earlier of -120 m SAUDI populations. One of the wettest and most ecologically diverse regions in the Arabian Peninsula, it was easily accessible from East Africa across EGYPT ARABIA QATAR Riyadh the Hanish Sill-Bab el Mandab during periods of low sea level (Lambeck et al. 2011), and was climatically buffered from the major periods of U.A.E. aridity that would have caused the interior of the peninsula to become uninhabitable. It also offered marine and littoral resources to Palaeolithic Jeddah OMAN populations, yet little is known about the Palaeolithic occupation of the coastal region. Study Area The ERC-funded DISPERSE project, a collaboration between the University of York, UK, the Institut du Physique du Globe, Paris, and King Saud SUDAN YEMEN University, KSA, has undertaken survey in Jizan and Asir regions (Devès et al. -
Holy Coverings in the Tareq Rajab Museum the Origin of the Tradition of Covering the Ka'aba with Cloth Is Lost In
About the journal Contents 02 18 April 2011 The Journey to the Centre Aly Gabr 09 9 May 2011 China and the Islamic World: The evidence of 12th and 13th century Northern Syria Martine Muller-Weiner 22 26 September 2011 Holy Coverings in the Tareq Rajab Museum Ziad T Alsayed Rajab 27 17 October 2011 A Brief History of the Ismaili D’awa Adel Salem al-Abdul Jader 31 28 November 2011 The Kingdom of Saba: Current Research by the German Archaeological Institute in South Arabia (Yemen) Iris Gerlach 38 5 December 2011 The Oriental Pearl in the Maritime Trade Annie Montigny 43 13 December 2011 Raili and Reima Pietilä Jarno Paltonen 49 9 January 2012 Islamic Heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina Kenan Musić This publication is sponsored in part by: LNS 1785 J Fabricated from gold, worked in kundan technique and set with rubies and emeralds Height 9 mm; diameter 100 mm India, Mughal, c. 1st quarter 17th century AD Hadeeth ad-Dar 1 Volume 37 The Journey to the Centre be performed in congregation in a mosque although as opposed to a physical one, meaning that he the whole earth that we know is a potential place for employed his intuition with what he dealt with. the performance of that daily activity. This notion He saw himself as a tripartite being composed of makes the earth a potential vast mosque. body (jism), soul (nafs), and spirit (rouh). Without the union of these three parts he believed he/ I am sure that the question arises in some of she would be demeaned in his/her existence and your minds: does God really expects us to show unbalanced. -
Yemen LNG Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Yemen LNG Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Prepared for: Yemen LNG Company Ltd 10 February 2006 REVISION 1 Prepared by: Project N° 43683552-1903 Report Reference N°766-AUR-06-0001 A 43683552-1903 Yemen LNG Project REVISION 1 Environmental and Social Impact Date : 10 February 2006 Assessment Yemen LNG Company ltd Page i CONTENTS Section Page Number SECTION 0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 0.1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 0-1 0.2. HISTORY OF ESIA STUDIES ............................................................................... 0-1 0.3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION..................................................................................... 0-2 0.4. BASELINE CONDITIONS ...................................................................................... 0-2 0.5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................... 0-4 0.6. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES..................................................................................... 0-5 0.7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.............................. 0-16 SECTION1. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY 1.1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.1. General ............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.2. History of the ESIA studies ............................................................................. -
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Yemen - Goveronrates 08 March 2010 City Port International Boundary Governorate Boundary Coastline wrl_polbnda_int_1m_uncs >all other values< Terr_Name Yemen Asphalt Road KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA Thamud Majz Al-Talh Sa'ada This space can be used for extended legend if many features are present or can be used for extra textual information if relevant. Jizan Al-Kurah Suq Al Ghinan Hawf Damqawt Damqawt Al-Fatk Haradh Al-Faydami Midi Maydi Al-Matammah Houth Al-Ghaydah Al-Hazm Map Doc Name: Tarim OCHA_SitMap_Template_v4_080117 Hamr Baraqish Al-Mahabishah Shibam Seiyun GLIDE Number: Enter GLIDE Number here Sunah Nishtun Raidah Nishtun Creation Date: Enter dd mmm yyyy here Al-Mu'taridAz Zuhrah Al-Luhayyah Hajjah Projection/Datum: Enter projection/datum here Loheiya Al-Ma'ras Amran Bayt Marran Hiswah Ras Fartak Web Resources: http://ochaonline.un.org/roap Tila Sayqat al Amir Haswayn KaukabanShibam Nominal Scale at A4 paper size: 1:3,569,537 Al-Mahwit Sirwah Marib Qishn Kamaran Island Sana'a Shabwah Az Zaydiyah Itab Kamaran Sahar Saleef Matnah Ghayman 0 50 100 150 kms Kamaran Ad Dahi Jihanah Sayhut Sayyan Sayhut Ras Isa Marine Terminal Manakhah Urj Hutayb Map data source(s): Qusay'ir Place here all map data sources, there are two lines available Qutay' Daf Ras Alkatheeb Zarajah Al-Marawi`ah Tabahla Hami Disclaimers: Hodeidah Mabar Bayhan al Qisab Ghayl ba Wazir Al-Hudaydah The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of Risabah Al-Mansuriyah Hammam Ali Ash Shubaykah the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Newly Found Altars from Nahom
Journal of Book of Mormon Studies Volume 10 Number 2 Article 9 7-31-2001 Newly Found Altars from Nahom Warren P. Aston Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Aston, Warren P. (2001) "Newly Found Altars from Nahom," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies: Vol. 10 : No. 2 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms/vol10/iss2/9 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Book of Mormon Studies by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Title Newly Found Altars from Nahom Author(s) Warren P. Aston Reference Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 10/2 (2001): 56–61, 71. ISSN 1065-9366 (print), 2168-3158 (online) Abstract Ancient altars in Yemen bear the inscription Nihm, a variant of the word Nahom. According to the Book of Mormon, one of the travelers in Lehi’s group, Ishmael, was buried at a place called Nahom. Because the altar has been dated to about the sixth or seventh century bc (the time of Lehi’s journey), it is plausible that the Nihm referred to on the altar could be the same place written about in the Book of Mormon. This article discusses the discovery site, the appearance of the altars, and the process of dat- ing the altars, as well as the place-name Nahom in its Book of Mormon setting. -
Mecca and Its Cube
Mecca And Its Cube November 7, 2019 Category: Religion Download as PDF [Author’s note: Mohammed of Mecca is denoted “MoM”.] As legend has it, at some point in the late 5th century, a Sabaean leader known as Amr ibn Luhay ibn Qamah ibn Khindaf led a band of (Qahtanite) Arabs a thousand kilometers north of his homeland, Himyar (modern-day Yemen) to settle somewhere in the barren deserts of Thamud: the western region of Arabia now known as the Hijaz. His clan, the Banu Khuza’a, may have hailed from any of three major Himyarite cities: Zafar, Najran, or Ma’rib (present-day Sana’a). A bit of historical context helps to paint the picture. In Zafar, there was a (Qahtanite) cubic shrine known as the “kaaba” at Tabalah. There was another kaaba located at Jabal Taslal in Najran. And there were major temples at Barran and Awwam in Ma’rib–all dedicated to the Sabaean moon-god, “Al-Makah”. Sure enough, the Banu Azd of Marib worshipped “Al-Makah”; and made pilgrimages to his temple. Some of the Banu Harith converted to Christianity; and built a church at Najran (known as the “Kaaba of Najran”). Meanwhile, many Himyarites worshipped the godhead, “Rahman” (Semitic for “Merciful”). Some of these locutions should sound oddly familiar. The question arises: From whence did such pre-Islamic memes come? We find a possible answer in Ibn Hisham’s recension of Ibn Ishaq’s “Sirah”. (Ibn Hisham was himself of Himyarite descent.) According to the famed Islamic hagiographer: At some point, Amr ibn Luhay ventured farther north, into Nabataea, and was inspired by the Nabataean traditions…which he brought back with him to his settlement in the Hijaz. -
Frankincense and Its Arabian Burner
chapter 1 Frankincense and Its Arabian Burner William Gerard Zimmerle 1 Introduction East Asia, on the other.2 As one important type of incense-related paraphernalia from Arabia, the Arabia Felix, or Happy Arabia,1 has been memori- cuboid-shaped censer is a historical and cultural alized throughout the ages on account of its smell. object that becomes the focal point in exploring Some of the best-known aromatics associated how the material culture evolves and lasts in cul- with Arabia are the twin gum resins cut from the tural perpetuity throughout the ages. Pursuing barks of the trees growing in the southernmost re- this question requires an overview of the history gions of the Arabian Peninsula that belong to the of the Arabian trade in aromatics in general, and genera Boswellia and Commiphore of the Bursera- of frankincense in particular. I will begin by can- caea family, otherwise known as frankincense and vassing the proveniences of the cuboid incense myrrh. From the Hellenistic period onward, these burner, looking through space and time for its ap- resins and their lucrative westward trade became pearances in history, and then provide a historical the principal reference point for Arabia in the overview of the aromatics trade in the Near East Mediterranean world. Indeed, this was so much and a brief account of the production of incense the case that it is almost impossible for scholars burners today. Although incense burners have to approach the question of Arabian trade prior been found in archaeological excavations ranging to the Hellenistic period without presuming that geographically from the Levant to Mesopotamia, this trade involved principally the gum resin frank- my focus here is only on items found along the incense, the most famous fragrant substance trade routes running from the Arabian Peninsula throughout history.