Name

Mountain statistics

Name: Name: range: Mountain range: Alps Location: Nepal Location: French/Italian border Height: 8850m/29,035ft Height: 4808m/15,774ft Description: The highest mountain in the Description: The highest Alp. Pushed up by world. Pushed up by the Indian plate colliding African and Eurasian plates colliding. with south east Asia.

Name: Mount McKinley Name: Aconcagua Mountain range: Rocky Mountain range: Andes Location: Alaska Location: Argentina Height: 6194m/20,320ft Height: 6962m/22,840ft Description: The highest peak in the Rockies. Description: The highest peak in the Andes. Formed by the Pacifi c Ocean plate sliding Formed by the Pacifi c Ocean plate sliding beneath the North American plate. (Range beneath the American continental plate. (Range also contains many active volcanoes – although also contains many active volcanoes – although McKinley is not one of them.) Aconcagua is not one of them.)

Name: Mount Kilimanjaro Name: Mount Fuji Mountain range: Great Rift Valley Mountain range: Part of a volcanic chain running Location: Tanzania along the edge of the Western Pacifi c Ocean. Height: 5896m/19,340ft Location: Japanese Island of Honshu Description: Africa’s highest mountain. Height: 3776m/12,388ft Consists of three volcanoes. Some activity Description: Dormant volcano – last erupted in through fi ssures around the highest crater, but 1708. Japan’s highest mountain. last eruption unknown.

Name: Mount Vesuvius Name: Krakatau Mountain range: Volcano on the Bay of Mountain range: Volcanic island Naples Location: Between Sumatra and Java in Indonesia 007 Location: Italy Height: 813m/2667ft Height: 1281m/4202ft Description: Notorious for a series of eruptions Description: Responsible for destruction of followed by a massive explosion in 1883 – heard Pompeii in AD79. The volcano continues to nearly 3000 miles away. ‘Child of Krakatau’ be active – with major eruptions occurring continues to grow out of the old collapsed summit at around 50 year intervals. The most recent with frequent eruptions. eruption was 1944. TER; MOUNTAINS © SCHOLASTIC LTD 2

Name: Ben Nevis Name: Snowdon Mountain range: Grampian Mountains Mountain range: Snowdonia Location: Scotland Location: Wales

OORDINATOR AND FREELANCE WRI Height: 1344m/4406ft Height: 1085m/3560ft Description: Highest mountain in the Description: Formed through a mixture of British Isles. Extinct volcanic plug: formed collision, folding and ancient volcanic activity in through volcanic activity millions of the area. Fossil shells can be found on Snowdon, years ago. demonstrating that the land was once under the sea. GILLIAN RAVENSCROFT, SCIENCE C

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Mountain explorers

Name: Thomas Johnson Names: and Michel Paccard Mountain climbed: Snowdon Mountain climbed: Mont Blanc Date: 1639 Date: 1786 Details: Thomas Johnson was interested in Details: Prize money for climbing Mount the plants that grew on Snowdon. However, Blanc was offered in 1760, but it took 26 years while his is the fi rst recorded ascent of the before anyone actually claimed it. Jacques and mountain, an 18th century historian, Thomas Michel survived being trapped overnight on a Pennant, claimed he had evidence that Snowdon and proved that a two-day ascent of the was climbed as early as 1284 – following Edward mountain was possible. I’s conquest.

Name: Hans Meyer Names: and Tenzing Norgay Mountain climbed: Mount Kilimanjaro Mountain climbed: Mount Everest Date: 1889 Date: 1953 Details: Hans Meyer is credited as the fi rst Details: By the time they reached the summit, European to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. At the their oxygen was running low and they could time, there were no paths either through the only spend 15 minutes there. When the two forest around the bottom of the mountain or exhausted men rejoined their team leader, higher up the slopes. The cold would also have Colonel John Hunt at Camp VI, he at fi rst been a problem as the summit was covered in assumed that they had failed to climb to the and snow (Kilima Njaro means “shining top. When they pointed to the summit mountain” in Swahili). A cave high up the and signalled that they had reached it, the mountain is named after Hans and is known to celebrations began. John put their success have been used as an overnight shelter during down to careful planning, open-circuit oxygen his ascent. Global warming is currently causing equipment and good weather. Edmund Hillary the distinctive white cap of Mount Kilimanjaro described Mount Everest as: “a symmetrical, to shrink. beautiful snow cone summit”.

Name: Sir Chris Bonington Name: Alison Hargreaves

007 Mountain climbed: Led many fi rst British Mountain climbed: The fi rst British woman to ascents including Mont Blanc, the , and climb Mount Everest Himalayan climbs including Mount Everest Date: 1995 and . Details: Alison Hargreaves was the fi rst person Date: Mainly during 1960s and 1970s to make solo ascents of six classic Alpine climbs Details: Chris Bonington received a knighthood in one season. She became the fi rst woman for his achievements. Following – and second person ever – to climb Mount TER; MOUNTAINS © SCHOLASTIC LTD 2 the fi rst ascent of the Ogre in the Himalayas, Everest alone and without additional oxygen. one of his team members fell and had to crawl Three months after this, she successfully climbed through a blizzard with two broken legs. Chris the world’s second highest mountain, , but also fell and broke a rib. The team ran out died along with three other climbers during their of food and were given up for lost by their descent in a violent storm.

OORDINATOR AND FREELANCE WRI companions, who then abandoned the team’s base camp. GILLIAN RAVENSCROFT, SCIENCE C

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Mountain Carroll diagram

Mountains over 5000m Mountains less than 5000m

Active or dormant volcanoes 007 Not volcanoes – or extinct TER; MOUNTAINS © SCHOLASTIC LTD 2 OORDINATOR AND FREELANCE WRI GILLIAN RAVENSCROFT, SCIENCE C

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Name: Age: Nationality:

Location: (mountain, range, height climbed up the mountain so far, and so on.)

Morning Breakfast: Views: Weather:

Lunch break Height climbed since breakfast: CHNG Any problems?: Views: Weather: TER; NOTEPAD © WINJOHN/STOCK.X Make camp for the night Area for tents: Sights, sounds and smells: Food and equipment: Feelings: OORDINATOR AND FREELANCE WRI GILLIAN RAVENSCROFT, SCIENCE C

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