DOCSLIB.ORG

Functional Analysis of Glutathione and Autophagy in Response to Oxidative Stress Yi Han

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Functional Analysis of Glutathione and Autophagy in Response to Oxidative Stress Yi Han Functional analysis of glutathione and autophagy in response to oxidative stress Yi Han To cite this version: Yi Han. Functional analysis of glutathione and autophagy in response to oxidative stress. Agricultural sciences. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. English. NNT : 2012PA112392. tel-01236618 HAL Id: tel-01236618 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01236618 Submitted on 2 Dec 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE PARIS‐SUD – UFR des Sciences ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES DU VEGETAL Thèse Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR EN SCIENCES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD Par Yi HAN Functional analysis of glutathione and autophagy in response to oxidative stress Soutenance prévue le 21 décembre 2012, devant le jury d’examen : Christine FOYER Professor, University of Leeds, UK Examinateur Michael HODGES Directeur de Recherche, IBP, Orsay Examinateur Stéphane LEMAIRE Directeur de Recherche, IBPC, Paris Rapporteur Graham NOCTOR Professeur, IBP, Orsay Directeur de la thèse Jean‐Philippe REICHHELD Directeur de Recherche, LGP, Perpignan Rapporteur ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It would not have been possible to write this doctoral thesis without the help and support of the kind people around me. It is a pleasure to thank the many people who made this thesis possible. First of all, I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Graham Noctor who offered his continuous advice and encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. I have been extremely lucky to have a supervisor who cared so much about my work. I thank him for the systematic guidance and great effort he put into training me in the scientific field. I also want to express my gratitude to the reviewers of my thesis, Dr. Stéphane Lemaire (Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, FR), Dr. Jean-Philippe Reichheld (Université de Perpignan, FR), Prof. Christine Foyer (University of Leeds, UK) and Dr. Michael Hodges (Université Paris Sud, FR) for having accepted to evaluate my PhD work. I would like to thank Dr. Bernd Zechmann, for our collaboration on cytohistochemical analysis of glutathione. This thesis would not have been possible without the financial support of China Scholarship Council and French Agence Nationale de la Recherche project “Vulnoz” as well as the European Union Marie-Curie project “Chloroplast Signals”. I am thankful to the former as well as the current colleagues in the lab. My officemate, at the start of my thesis, Guillaume Queval, for always being prepared to advices and help. Thanks to Sejir Chaouch, for teaching many biological measurements, and for the scientific discussion. To Jenny Neukermans for the help and continuous encouragement. To the current colleagues, Amna Mhamdi, a well organized person for the scientific discussion and laboratory management. I am quite happy to work with you and enjoy all our discussions about food, cultures and everything in the past four years. To my Chinese colleague Shengchun Li, and Marie-Sylviane Rahantaniaina for their friendship. I would like to thank the many people at IBP for their help and support (Patrick Saindrenan, Bertrand Gakière, Dao-Xiu Zhou, Catherine Bergounioux, Gilles Sante, Gilles Innocenti, Sophie Blanchet, Caroline Mauve, Françoise Gilard, Pierre Pétriacq, Edouard Boex-fontvieille…). Also, I am indebted to my many student colleagues at IBP for providing a stimulating and fun environment in which to learn and grow. I am especially grateful to Linda De-bont, Manon Richard, Yuan Shen, Laure Audonnet, Thomas Guerinier, and Laure Didierlaurent. Lastly, and most importantly, I wish to thank my parents and my wife… 感谢我的妈妈，爸爸，岳父和 岳母，还有我可爱的妻子冯峰，这么多年来，正是你们无私的支持和鼓励，我才能顺利完成我的学 业。我将在以后的工作和生活中尽我最大的努力来回报你们长久以来的支持。 Abbreviations 1 O2: Singlet oxygen 3PGA: 3-Phosphoglycerate 5-OPase: 5-oxoprolinase ABA: Abscisic acid AO: Ascorbate oxidase APX: Ascorbate peroxidase ASC: ascorbate ATG: Autophagy BSO: Buthionine sulfoximine CAT: Catalase CLT: Chloroquinone-like transporter CO2: Carbon dioxide DCPIP: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol DHA(R): dehydroascorbate (reductase) DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid DTNB: 5,5’-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid Dpi: day post-inoculation DTT: Dithiothreitol -ECS: -glutamyl cysteine synthetase EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ER:Endoplasmic reticulum ETI: Effector-triggered immunity FDH: Formaldehyde dehydrogenase G6PDH: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GC-TOF-MS: Gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry GDC: Glycine decarboxylase GGC: -glutamyl-cyclotransferases GGP: -glutamyl peptidases GGT: -glutamyl transpeptidase GO: Glycolate oxidase GPX: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase GRX: Glutaredoxins GSH: Reduced glutathione GSNO(R): S-nitrosylglutathione (reductase) GSSG: Glutathione disulphide GST: Glutathione S-transferase HO•: Hydroxyl radical HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography HR: Hypersensitive response ICS1: Isochorismate synthase 1 JA: Jasmonic acid MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MDHAR: Monodehydroascorbate reductase MRP: Multidrug resistance-associated protein MV: Methyl viologen NO: Nitric oxide NADP(H): Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Reduced) NPR1: Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 NTR: NADPH-thioredoxin reductase NR: Nitrate reductase O2: Oxygen − O2 : Superoxide OPT: Oligopeptide transporter OXI1: Oxidative signal inducible 1 PB: Protein bodies PCD: Programmed cell death PCS: Phytochelatin synthase PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PR: Pathogenesis-related RBOHs: Respiratory burst oxidase homologues PMS: Phenazine methosulfate RNA: Ribonucleic acid RT-qPCR: Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ROS: Reactive oxygen species POX: Peroxidase PRX: Peroxiredoxins PSVs: Protein storage vacuoles PTI: Pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity roGFP: Reduction-oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein RuBisco: Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase SA: Salicylic acid SAR: Systemic acquired resistance sid2: Salicylic acid induction-deficient 2 SNP: Sodium nitroprusside SOD: Superoxide dismutase T-DNA: Transferred deoxyribonucleic acid TF: Transcription factors TORC1: Target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 TRX: Thioredoxins VPD: 2-vinylpyridine XO: Xanthine oxidase TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reactive oxygen species in plants 1 1.1.1 ROS generating systems 2 1.1.2 Metabolism of ROS 3 1.1.2.1 Non-enzymatic scavenging mechanisms 3 1.1.2.2 Enzymatic metabolism of ROS 4 1.1.3 Functions of ROS in plants 7 1.1.3.1 The role of ROS in abiotic stress 8 1.1.3.2 Regulation of growth and developmental processes by ROS 8 1.1.3.3 Functions of ROS in plant innate immunity 8 1.1.3.4 ROS in cell death 9 1.1.4 ROS signaling network 9 1.2 Glutathione in plants 11 1.2.1 Glutathione synthesis 11 1.2.1.1 Glutathione deficient mutants 12 1.2.1.2 Regulation and overexpression of the glutathione synthesis pathway 12 1.2.2 Glutathione transport 12 1.2.3 Glutathione degradation 14 1.2.4 Metabolic functions of glutathione in plants 15 1.2.4.1 Glutathione S-transferases 15 1.2.4.2 Glutathione reductase 16 1.2.4.3 Glutaredoxins 17 1.2.4.4 Other glutathione-associated metabolic reactions 18 1.2.5 Glutathione in plant development, growth and environmental responses 20 1.2.5.1 Glutathione in the regulation of plant development and growth 20 1.2.5.2 Light signaling 20 1.2.5.3 Biotic interactions, cell death and defence phytohormones 21 1.2.6 Mechanisms of glutathione dependent redox signaling 24 1.2.6.1 Protein S-glutathionylation 24 1.2.6.2 Protein S-nitrosylation and GSNO reductase 25 1.2.6.3 Glutathione redox potential 25 1.3 Autophagy in plants 26 1.3.1 Functions of autophagy in plants 28 1.3.1.1 Functions of autophagy during abiotic stress 28 1.3.1.2 Functions of autophagy during pathogen infection 29 1.3.1.3 Functions of autophagy during growth and seed development 29 1.3.2 Difficulties of monitoring autophagy in plants 30 1.4 Objectives of the work 31 CHAPTER 2 Functional analysis of Arabidopsis mutants points to novel roles for glutathione in coupling H2O2 to activation of salicylic acid accumulation and signaling 2.1 Introduction 34 2.2 Results 37 2.2.1 Genetic blocks over H2O2-triggered glutathione accumulation inhibit cell death and associated pathogenesis responses induced by intracellular oxidative stress 37 2.2.2 Contrasting responses in cat2 cad2 and cat2 gr1 reveal a non-antioxidant role for glutathione in coupling H2O2 to SA- dependent pathogenesis responses 42 2.2.3 Side-by-side comparison of cat2 cad2 with cat2 npr1 46 2.2.4 Complementation experiments reveal non-redundant roles for glutathione and NPR1 in the activation of SA-dependent responses 51 2.3 Discussion 53 2.3.1 Partial impairment of -ECS function confers a genetic block on H2O2-triggered up-regulation of glutathione 53 2.3.2 An essential role for glutathione in activation of H2O2-dependent salicylic acid signaling and related pathogenesis responses 54 2.3.3 Glutathione acts independently
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Increasing the Scale of Peroxidase Production by Streptomyces Sp
    Increasing the Scale of Peroxidase Production by Streptomyces sp. strain BSII#1 Amos Musengi1, Nuraan Khan1, Marilize Le Roes-Hill1*, Brett I. Pletschke2 and Stephanie G. Burton3 1Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa 2Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa 3Research and Postgraduate Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa. Correspondence: *Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Group, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906 Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Aims: To optimise peroxidase production by Streptomyces sp. strain BSII#1, up to 3 l culture volumes. Methods and Results: Peroxidase production by Streptomyces sp. strain BSII#1 was optimised in terms of production temperature and pH and the use of lignin-based model chemical inducers. The highest peroxidase activity (1.30±0.04 U ml-1) in 10 ml culture volume was achieved in a complex production medium (pH 8) at 37°C in the presence of 0.1 mmol l-1 veratryl alcohol, which was greater than those reported previously. Scale-up to 100 1 ml and 400 ml culture volumes resulted in decreased peroxidase production (0.53±0.10 U ml- 1 and 0.26±0.08 U ml-1 respectively). However, increased aeration improved peroxidase production with the highest production achieved using an airlift bioreactor (4.76±0.46 U ml-1 in 3 l culture volume). Conclusions: Veratryl alcohol (0.1 mmol l-1) is an effective inducer of peroxidase production by Streptomyces sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Protein Engineering of a Dye Decolorizing Peroxidase from Pleurotus Ostreatus for Efficient Lignocellulose Degradation
    Protein Engineering of a Dye Decolorizing Peroxidase from Pleurotus ostreatus For Efficient Lignocellulose Degradation Abdulrahman Hirab Ali Alessa A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering September 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to express my profound gratitude to my parents, my wife, my sisters and brothers, for their continuous support and their unconditional love, without whom this would not be achieved. My thanks go to Tabuk University for sponsoring my PhD project. I would like to express my profound gratitude to Dr Wong for giving me the chance to undertake and complete my PhD project in his lab. Thank you for the continuous support and guidance throughout the past four years. I would also like to thank Dr Tee for invaluable scientific discussions and technical advices. Special thanks go to the former and current students in Wong’s research group without whom these four years would not be so special and exciting, Dr Pawel; Dr Hossam; Dr Zaki; Dr David Gonzales; Dr Inas,; Dr Yomi, Dr Miriam; Jose; Valeriane, Melvin, and Robert. ii SUMMARY Dye decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) have received extensive attention due to their biotechnological importance and potential use in the biological treatment of lignocellulosic biomass. DyPs are haem-containing peroxidases which utilize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to catalyse the oxidation of a wide range of substrates. Similar to naturally occurring peroxidases, DyPs are not optimized for industrial utilization owing to their inactivation induced by excess amounts of H2O2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Endogenous Bromotyrosine in Health and Disease
    The role of endogenous bromotyrosine in health and disease Mariam Sabir, Yen Yi Tan, Aleena Aris, Ali R. Mani* UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK * Corresponding author: Alireza Mani MD, PhD, Tel: +44(0)2074332878, Email: [email protected] 1 The role of endogenous bromotyrosine in health and disease Abstract: Bromotyrosine is a stable by-product of eosinophil peroxidase activity, a result of eosinophil activation during an inflammatory immune response. The elevated presence of bromotyrosine in tissue, blood and urine in medical conditions involving eosinophil activation has highlighted the potential role of bromotyrosine as a medical biomarker. This is highly beneficial in a paediatric setting as a urinary non-invasive biomarker. However, bromotyrosine and its derivatives may exert biological effects, such as protective effects in the brain and pathogenic effects in the thyroid. Understanding of these pathways may yield therapeutic advancements in medicine. In this review, we summarise the existing evidence present in literature relating to bromotyrosine formation and metabolism, identify the biological actions of bromotyrosine and evaluate the feasibility of bromotyrosine as a medical biomarker. Key words: Bromide; Bromotyrosine; Dehalogenase; Eosinophil; Eosinophil peroxidase; Halogen; Inflammation; Myeloperoxidase; Peroxidasin; Thyroid 1. Introduction 3-Bromotyrosine (Br-Tyr) is a compound generated by the halogenation of tyrosine residues in plasma or tissue proteins. Br-Tyr synthesis is primarily catalysed by the enzyme eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). Eosinophil activation causes the release of EPO and subsequent production of Br-Tyr as a stable by-product. EPO, a haem peroxidase, is the most abundant cytoplasmic granule protein present in eosinophils.
    [Show full text]
  • New Automatically Built Profiles for a Better Understanding of the Peroxidase Superfamily Evolution
    University of Geneva Practical training report submitted for the Master Degree in Proteomics and Bioinformatics New automatically built profiles for a better understanding of the peroxidase superfamily evolution presented by Dominique Koua Supervisors: Dr Christophe DUNAND Dr Nicolas HULO Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Dr Christian J.A. SIGRIST University of Geneva Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics PROSITE group. Geneva, April, 18th 2008 Abstract Motivation: Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.x), which are encoded by small or large multigenic families, are involved in several important physiological and developmental processes. These proteins are extremely widespread and present in almost all living organisms. An important number of haem and non-haem peroxidase sequences are annotated and classified in the peroxidase database PeroxiBase (http://peroxibase.isb-sib.ch). PeroxiBase contains about 5800 peroxidase sequences classified as haem peroxidases and non-haem peroxidases and distributed between thirteen superfamilies and fifty subfamilies, (Passardi et al., 2007). However, only a few classification tools are available for the characterisation of peroxidase sequences: InterPro motifs, PRINTS and specifically designed PROSITE profiles. However, these PROSITE profiles are very global and do not allow the differenciation between very close subfamily sequences nor do they allow the prediction of specific cellular localisations. Due to the rapid growth in the number of available sequences, there is a need for continual updates and corrections of peroxidase protein sequences as well as for new tools that facilitate acquisition and classification of existing and new sequences. Currently, the PROSITE generalised profile building manner and their usage do not allow the differentiation of sequences from subfamilies showing a high degree of similarity.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploitation of the Potential of a Novel Bacterial Peroxidase for the Development of a New Biocatalytic Process
    EXPLOITATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF A NOVEL BACTERIAL PEROXIDASE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW BIOCATALYTIC PROCESS By AMOS MUSENGI Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Technology: Biomedical Technology In the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Prof. Stephanie Burton Co-supervisors: Prof. Brett Pletschke, Dr Marilize Le Roes-Hill Bellville February 2014 DECLARATION I, AMOS MUSENGI, declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. 14 February 2014 Signed Date ii ABSTRACT Peroxidases are ubiquitous catalysts that oxidise a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds employing peroxide as the electron acceptor. They are an important class of oxidative enzymes which are found in nature, where they perform diverse physiological functions. Apart from the white rot fungi, actinomycetes are the only other known source of extracellular peroxidases. In this study, the production of extracellular peroxidase in wild type actinomycete strains was investigated, for the purpose of large-scale production and finding suitable applications. The adjustment of environmental parameters (medium components, pH, temperature and inducers) to optimise extracellular peroxidase production in five different strains was carried out. Five Streptomyces strains isolated from various natural habitats were initially selected for optimisation of their peroxidase production. Streptomyces sp. strain BSII#1 and Streptomyces sp. strain GSIII#1 exhibited the highest peroxidase activities (1.30±0.04 U ml-1 and 0.757±0.01 U ml-1, respectively) in a complex production medium at 37°C and pH 8.0 in both cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Thein, M. and Winter, A.D. and Stepek, G. and Mccormack, G
    Thein, M. and Winter, A.D. and Stepek, G. and McCormack, G. and Stapleton, G. and Johnstone, I.L. and Page, A.P. (2009) Combined extracellular matrix cross-linking activity of the peroxidase MLT-7 and the dual oxidase BLI-3 is critical for post-embryonic viability in Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284 (26). pp. 17549-17563. ISSN 0021-9258 http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/30458/ Deposited on: 09 June 2010 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk The Combined Extracellular Matrix Cross-linking Activity of the Peroxidase MLT-7 and the Duox BLI-3 are Critical for Post-Embryonic Viability in Caenorhabditis elegans. Melanie C. Thein¶§, Alan D. Winter¶§, Gillian Stepek¶, Gillian McCormack¶, Genevieve Stapleton†, Iain L. Johnstone† and Antony P. Page¶* From ¶The Institute of Comparative Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, † and the Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. Running head: Peroxidase function in the nematode ECM § These authors contributed equally to this publication. *Address correspondence to Antony P. Page Institute of Comparative Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom. Tel. 0044 1413301997 Fax. 0044 1413305603 Email. [email protected] ABSTRACT (Duox), MLT-7 is essential for post-embryonic The nematode cuticle is a protective development. Disruption of mlt-7, and collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) that is particularly bli-3, via RNA interference also modified, cross-linked and processed by a causes dramatic changes to the in vivo cross- number of key enzymes. This Ecdyzoan- linking patterns of the cuticle collagens DPY-13 specific structure is synthesized repeatedly and and COL-12.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Approaches for Plant Genomes: Unraveling “Intra” and “Inter” Species Relationships from Preliminary Gene Annotations
    COMPARATIVE APPROACHES FOR PLANT GENOMES: UNRAVELING “INTRA” AND “INTER” SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS FROM PRELIMINARY GENE ANNOTATIONS LUCA AMBROSINO Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II' PhD in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (Cycle XXVIII) TUTOR: Doc. Maria Luisa Chiusano COORDINATOR: Prof. Sergio Cocozza May 2016 1 Abstract Comparative genomics studies the differences and similarities between different species, to transfer biological information from model organisms to newly sequenced genomes, and to understand the evolutionary forces that drive changes in genomic features such as gene sequences, gene order or regulatory sequences. The detection of ortholog genes between different organisms is a key approach for comparative genomics. For example, gene function prediction is primarily based on the identification of orthologs. On the other hand, the detection of paralog genes is fundamental for gene functions innovation studies. The fast spreading of whole genome sequencing approaches strongly enhanced the need of reliable methods to detect orthologs and paralogs and to understand molecular evolution. In this thesis, methods for predicting orthology relationships and exploiting the biological knowledge included within sets of paralog genes are shown. Although the similarity search methods used to identify orthology or paralogy relationships are generally based on the comparison between protein sequences, this analysis can lead to errors due to the lack of a correct and exhaustive definition of such sequences in recently sequenced organisms with a still preliminary annotation. Here we present a methodology that predict orthologs between two species by sequence similarity searches based on mRNA sequences. Moreover, the features of a web-accessible database on paralog and singleton genes of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, developed in our lab, are described.
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Enantioselective oxygen-transfer reactions catalyzed by peroxidases Tuynman, A. Publication date 1999 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Tuynman, A. (1999). Enantioselective oxygen-transfer reactions catalyzed by peroxidases. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:29 Sep 2021 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction IOP In order to maintain and to improve the competitive position of the Dutch industries in the world-wide economic scene, the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs promotes innovative research in a number of promising fields. The ultimate goal being "the creation of new economic activity" it has set itself the objective of "providing an essential step on the road from fundamental science to novel applicable technology" [ 1J.
    [Show full text]
  • Ομεηδναλαγωγηθά Έλδπκα Ωο Πξόηππα Εθαξκνγήο Ηεο Κεζόδνπ QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relations)
    ΔΘΝΗΚΟ ΚΑΗ ΚΑΠΟΓΗ΢ΣΡΗΑΚΟ ΠΑΝΔΠΗ΢ΣΖΜΗΟ ΑΘΖΝΩΝ ΢ΥΟΛΖ ΘΔΣΗΚΩΝ ΔΠΗ΢ΣΖΜΩΝ ΣΜΖΜΑ ΥΖΜΔΗΑ΢ ΜΔΣΑΠΣΤΥΗΑΚΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΢ΠΟΤΓΧΝ «ΚΑΣΑΛΤ΢Ζ ΚΑΗ ΔΦΑΡΜΟΓΔ΢ ΣΖ΢» ΔΡΔΤΝΖΣΗΚΖ ΔΡΓΑ΢ΗΑ ΓΗΠΛΧΜΑΣΟ΢ ΔΗΓΗΚΔΤ΢Ζ΢ Ομεηδναλαγωγηθά έλδπκα ωο πξόηππα εθαξκνγήο ηεο κεζόδνπ QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity relations) ΠΑΝΑΓΗΧΣΑ ΢. ΣΕΑΝΖ ΜΖΥΑΝΗΚΟ΢ ΣΔΥΝΟΛΟΓΗΑ΢ ΠΔΣΡΔΛΑΗΟΤ ΚΑΗ ΦΤ΢ΗΚΟΤ ΑΔΡΗΟΤ ΑΘΖΝΑ ΝΟΔΜΒΡΗΟ΢ 2011 ΔΡΔΤΝΖΣΗΚΖ ΔΡΓΑ΢ΗΑ ΓΗΠΛΧΜΑΣΟ΢ ΔΗΓΗΚΔΤ΢Ζ΢ Ομεηδναλαγσγηθά έλδπκα σο πξφηππα ηεο εθαξκνγήο ηεο κεζφδνπ QSAR (Quantitative Structrure-Activity relations) ΠΑΝΑΓΗΧΣΑ ΢. ΣΕΑΝΖ Α.Μ.: 281604 ΔΠΗΒΛΔΠΧΝ ΚΑΘΖΓΖΣΖ΢: Ι. ΜΑΡΚΟΠΟΤΛΟ΢ , Αλαπιεξσηήο Καζεγεηήο ΔΚΠΑ ΣΡΗΜΔΛΖ΢ ΔΞΔΣΑ΢ΣΗΚΖ ΔΠΗΣΡΟΠΖ Η. ΜΑΡΚΟΠΟΤΛΟ΢ Αλαπιεξωηεο θαζεγεηήο, Σκήκα Υεκείαο, ΔΚΠΑ Γ. ΥΑΣΕΖΝΗΚΟΛΑΟΤ Δπίθνπξνο Καζεγεηήο, Σκήκα Βηνινγίαο, ΔΚΠΑ Π. ΠΑΡΑ΢ΚΔΤΟΠΟΤΛΟΤ Λέθηνξαο, Σκήκα Υεκείαο, ΔΚΠΑ ΗΜΔΡΟΜΗΝΙΑ ΔΞΔΣΑ΢Η΢ 25/11/2011 2 ΠΔΡΗΛΖΦΖ ΢ε απηή ηε δηαηξηβή αξρηθά παξνπζηάδνληαη νη γεληθνί κεραληζκνί ελδπκηθήο θαηάιπζεο νη νπνίνη ζηε ζπλέρεηα εμεηδηθεχνληαη ζηνπο αληίζηνηρνπο κεραληζκνχο ησλ νμεηδνλαγσγηθψλ ζπζηεκάησλ ησλ θαηαιαζψλ θαη ππεξνμεηδαζψλ. Σν έλδπκν ππεξνμεηδάζε ηνπ αγξηνξάπαλνπ (horseradish peroxidase–HRP) απνηειεί ην θεληξηθφ έλδπκν αλαθνξάο ησλ αλσηέξσ κεραληζκψλ θαηάιπζεο ζηνπο νπνίνπο βαζίδεηαη θαη ε κειέηε ησλ ζρέζεσλ δνκήο-δξαζηηθφηεηαο ησλ ζπζηεκάησλ απησλ κέζσ ηεο κεζνδνινγίαο QSAR. Η εξγαζία νινθιεξψλεηαη κε ηελ αλάιπζε ησλ πεηξακαηηθψλ δεδνκέλσλ ηεο βηβιηνγξαθίαο πνπ αθνξνχλ ζηελ πξφβιεςε ησλ ηηκψλ θαη ησλ θηλεηηθψλ παξακέηξσλ δξάζεο ηεο HRP κέζσ QSAR ελψ εμάγνληαη ζπκπεξάζκαηα ηα νπνία απνδεηθλχνπλ ηφζν ηελ εθαξκνζηκφηεηα φζν θαη ηε ρξεζηκφηεηα ηεο πξνηεηλφκελεο κεζνδνινγίαο ζηα ζπζηήκαηα καο. ΘΔΜΑΣΗΚΖ ΠΔΡΗΟΥΖ: Δλδπκηθή θαηάιπζε ΛΔΞΔΗ΢ ΚΛΔΗΓΗΑ: βηνθαηάιπζε, έλδπκα, θαηαιάζεο, ππεξνμεηδάζε ηνπ αγξηνξάπαλνπ (HRP), ζρέζεηο δνκήο-δξαζηηθφηεηαο (QSAR) 3 ABSTRACT In this essay we present the concept of enzymatic catalysis and the general methods for the investigation of this phenomenon. We concentrated on the studies of oxidoreductases and especially in catalases and peroxidases.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinobacterial Peroxidases: an Unexplored Resource for Biocatalysis
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2011) 164:681–713 DOI 10.1007/s12010-011-9167-5 Actinobacterial Peroxidases: an Unexplored Resource for Biocatalysis Marilize le Roes-Hill & Nuraan Khan & Stephanie Gail Burton Received: 4 October 2010 /Accepted: 10 January 2011 / Published online: 30 January 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Peroxidases are redox enzymes that can be found in all forms of life where they play diverse roles. It is therefore not surprising that they can also be applied in a wide range of industrial applications. Peroxidases have been extensively studied with particular emphasis on those isolated from fungi and plants. In general, peroxidases can be grouped into haem-containing and non-haem-containing peroxidases, each containing protein families that share sequence similarity. The order Actinomycetales comprises a large group of bacteria that are often exploited for their diverse metabolic capabilities, and with recent increases in the number of sequenced genomes, it has become clear that this metabolically diverse group of organisms also represents a large resource for redox enzymes. It is therefore surprising that, to date, no review article has been written on the wide range of peroxidases found within the actinobacteria. In this review article, we focus on the different types of peroxidases found in actinobacteria, their natural role in these organisms and how they compare with the more well-described peroxidases. Finally, we also focus on work remaining to be done in this research field in order for peroxidases from actinobacteria to be applied in industrial processes. Keywords Actinobacteria . Biocatalysis . Peroxidases Introduction The wide range of peroxidase applications in industrial processes and in the biomedical field is currently dominated by plant and fungal peroxidases (many of which are also commercially available).
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Towards Catalytic Use of Fungal Class-Ii Peroxidases for Dye-Decolorizing and Conversion of Lignin Model Compounds
    Special issue in Current Biotechnology on “Fungal Biotechnology” ENGINEERING TOWARDS CATALYTIC USE OF FUNGAL CLASS-II PEROXIDASES FOR DYE-DECOLORIZING AND CONVERSION OF LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS Taina Lundell1*, Elodie Bentley2 ᶧ, Kristiina Hildén1, Johanna Rytioja1, Jaana Kuuskeri1, Usenobong F. Ufot2, Paula Nousiainen3, Martin Hofrichter4, Matti Wahlsten1, Wendy Doyle2, Andrew T. Smith5 1Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, United Kingdom 3Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland 4IHI Zittau, Technical University of Dresden, Germany 5School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia ᶧIn memoriam *Correspondence to: Taina Lundell, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 56, Viikki Biocenter 1, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Tel: +358294159316. Email: [email protected] 2 Abstract Background. Manganese peroxidases (MnP) and lignin peroxidases (LiP) are haem-including fungal secreted class-II peroxidases, which are interesting oxidoreductases in protein engineering aimed at design of biocatalysts for lignin and lignocellulose conversion, dye compound degradation, activation of aromatic compounds, and biofuel production. Objective. Recombinant short-type MnP (Pr-MnP3) of the white rot fungus Phlebia radiata, and its manganese-binding site (E40, E44, D186) directed variants were produced and characterized. To allow catalytic applications, enzymatic bleaching of Reactive Blue 5 and conversion of lignin-like compounds by engineered class-II peroxidases were explored. Method. Pr-MnP3 and its variants were expressed in Escherichia coli. The resultant body proteins were lysed, purified and refolded into haem-including enzymes in 6-7% protein recovery, and examined spectroscopically and kinetically.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Analysis of Non-Animal Peroxidases Provides Insights Into the Evolutionary Basis of This Gene Family in Green Lineage
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/851881; this version posted November 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Global analysis of non-animal peroxidases provides insights into the evolutionary basis of this gene family in green lineage Duchesse Lacour Mbadinga Mbadinga1,§, Qiang Li1,2,§, Philippe Ranocha1, Yves Martinez 3, Endymion D. Cooper4, Christophe Dunand1,* 1 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France. 2 Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing 400700, PR China. 3 Fédération de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France. 4 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK. § Authors have contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: Christophe Dunand E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +33 (0) 5 34 32 38 58 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/851881; this version posted November 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract The non-animal peroxidases belong to a superfamily of oxidoreductases that reduce the hydrogen peroxide and oxidize numerous substrates. Since their initial characterization in 1992, several advances have provided an understanding into the origin and evolutionary history of this family of proteins. Here, we report for the first time an exhaustive evolutionary analysis of non-animal peroxidases using integrated in silico and biochemical strategies.
    [Show full text]