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Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales

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Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales Glime, J. M. 2021. Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales. Chapt. 1-16. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 4. 1-16-1 Habitat and Role. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 24 May 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-16 AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, PELLIALES TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBCLASS PELLIIDAE ................................................................................................................................. 1-16-2 Pelliales: Pelliaceae.......................................................................................................................................... 1-16-2 Pellia.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-16-2 Pellia appalachiana ................................................................................................................................... 1-16-3 Pellia endiviifolia....................................................................................................................................... 1-16-5 Pellia epiphylla ........................................................................................................................................ 1-16-12 Pellia neesiana......................................................................................................................................... 1-16-25 Summary .........................................................................................................................................................1-16-33 Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................................................1-16-33 Literature Cited ...............................................................................................................................................1-16-33 1-16-2 Chapter 1-16: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales CHAPTER 1-16 AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, PELLIALES Figure 1. Pellia endiviifolia by stream. Photo by J. Claude, through Creative Commons. Nomenclature for this subchapter is based primarily on Söderström et al. (2016). In addition, Lars Söderström provided me with correct names for species that I could not link to the names on that list. TROPICOS also permitted me to link names by tracking the basionym. I have ignored varieties, forms, and subspecies unless I could verify a current name for them. These unverifiable taxa have been included in the species. SUBCLASS PELLIIDAE Pelliales: Pelliaceae Pellia (Figure 1Figure 3-Figure 4, Figure 19-Figure 20, Figure 49-Figure 52, Figure 96-Figure 103) Pellia sp. occurs at the base of the Flume wall and on ledges of the Flume at Franconia Notch, New Hampshire, USA (Figure 2) (Glime 1982), an environment that is always humid. In West Virginia, USA, mountain streams, Figure 2. Flume, Franconia Notch, New Hampshire, USA, a members of this genus preferred pH 6.6 (Stephenson et al. habitat where one can find Pellia on the ledges and the base of the 1995). cliffs. Photo by Janice Glime. Chapter 1-16: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales 1-16-3 Pellia appalachiana (Figure 3-Figure 4) germinate. Such habitats are available in rockhouses (shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff; Distribution Figure 8). Zartman and Pittilo (1998) found it in spray cliff Pellia appalachiana (Figure 3-Figure 4) is endemic to communities of the Chattooga Basin in the southern Blue the southeastern USA (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Ridge. Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee) (Southern Appalachian Bryophytes 2019). Figure 5. Pellia appalachiana on soil that is periodically inundated at edge of stream. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with Figure 3. Pellia appalachiana female with involucres. permission. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Figure 6. Pellia appalachiana habitat at edge of stream. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Figure 4. Pellia appalachiana forming a large rosette, suggesting it originated from a single spore. Arrows indicate female with involucres. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Aquatic and Wet Habitats The species of Pellia included here have similar habitats. Pellia appalachiana (Figure 3-Figure 4) is intolerant of desiccation, so its habitats are ones that are constantly moist (Southern Appalachian Bryophytes 2019). It thrives where the habitat has periodic disturbance, especially stream banks (Figure 5-Figure 7) that experience episodes of scouring or muddy-rocky shelves associated with waterfalls. When it grows on vertical walls, mats may Figure 7. Pellia appalachiana habitat on stream bank. slough off, providing a bare surface for spores to Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission 1-16-4 Chapter 1-16: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales Figure 10. Pellia appalachiana with young antheridial pustules. Photo by Paul Davison, with permission. Figure 8. Pellia appalachiana rock house habitat, Alabama. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Adaptations Pellia appalachiana (Figure 3-Figure 4) can grow with other bryophytes that are not too aggressive, most likely benefitting from greater moisture-holding ability. The ribbon-like structure also helps to minimize the effects of abrasion in their streamside habitat where inundation can bring mud and sand or small stones (Southern Appalachian Bryophytes 2019). Figure 11. Pellia appalachiana with maturing antheridia. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Figure 12. Pellia appalachiana female showing involucres (arrows). Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Figure 9. Pellia appalachianus growing with Pellia epiphylla, Pallavicinia lyellii, Nardia lescurii, and Sphagnum sp. Photo by Paul Davison, with permission. Reproduction Pellia appalachiana (Figure 3-Figure 4) is dioicous (Southern Appalachian Bryophytes 2019). Its antheridia (Figure 10- Figure 11) are sunken in dorsal pustules that are scattered along the midrib area. The archegonia (Figure 12-Figure 18) are at the base of a lobed involucre. The reproductive organs are typically absent on the new spring growth, but can often be located on older thalli hidden by Figure 13. Pellia appalachiana female involucres (arrows). the new growth. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Chapter 1-16: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales 1-16-5 Figure 14. Pellia appalachiana female involucres (arrows). Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Figure 17. Pellia appalachiana lobed female involucre. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Figure 15. Pellia appalachiana female involucre with tip of archegonium protruding. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. Figure 18. Comparison of the lobed involucre of Pellia appalachiana with the unlobed involucre of Pellia epiphylla. Photo modified from Paul G. Davison, with permission. Pellia endiviifolia (Figure 19-Figure 20) (syn. = Pellia calycina, Pellia endivifolia, Pellia fabroniana var. lorea) Distribution Pellia endiviifolia (Figure 19-Figure 20) is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere (Parzych et al. 2018). Dhien (1983) considers it to be circumboreal. It occurs through a large portion of Europe from Denmark and Belgium, southward to Italy, Spain, and Portugal, and further to North Africa (Schuster 1992). In Asia it is known from Japan, Siberia, Taiwan, China, and possibly India. Schuster disallows reports from North America, instead considering these to be Pellia epiphylla (Figure 49- Figure 16. Pellia appalachiana female involucre showing Figure 51), P. neesiana (Figure 96-Figure 103), and P. lobes. Photo by Paul G. Davison, with permission. megaspora (Figure 21). 1-16-6 Chapter 1-16: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Pelliales Germany, it can be found in the Platyhypnidium (Figure 23)-Fontinalis antipyretica (Figure 24) association (Marstaller 1987). The streams are typically oligotrophic (Tremp 2003), as in the Alsatian Rhine valley (Vanderpoorten & Palm 1998; Vanderpoorten et al. 1999), in Belgian streams (Vanderpoorten & Tignon 2000), and in Iskur River and its main tributaries in Bulgaria (Papp et al. 2006). Figure 19. Pellia endiviifolia. Photo from Snappy Goat, through public domain. Figure 22. Fissidens grandifrons wet at stream edge where it might occur with Pellia endiviifolia. Photo by Scot Loring, through Creative Commons. Figure 20. Pellia endiviifolia with dark coloration that suggests exposure to bright light. Photo by Des Callaghan, with permission. Figure 23. Platyhypnidium riparioides in water, inhabiting the type of stream where one might find Pellia endiviifolia. Photo by Hermann Schachner, through Creative Commons. Figure 21. Pellia megaspora, one of the species Schuster accepted as occurring in North America. Photo by Jean Faubert, with permission. Aquatic and Wet Habitats Szoszkiewicz et al. (2006) listed Pellia endiviifolia (Figure 19-Figure 20) among the river species. It is among the most common bryophytes in the River Tweed, UK (Holmes & Whitton 1975). It is scattered in the River Swale, Yorkshire, UK (Holmes & Whitton 1977b). The species occurs on travertine in the Cratoneuron association of Lorraine River, Belgium (de Sloover & Goossens 1984) Figure 24. Fontinalis antipyretica, a species that may and in the Fissidens grandifrons (Figure 22) community in indicate habitat suitability for Pellia endiviifolia. Photo by Matt calcareous water (Gil & Ruiz 1985).
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