Bernard Palissy, the Famous French Potter, and His Works

FEBRUARY 5, 1910. Scientific American 125

BERNARD PALISSY, THE FAMOUS FRENCH POTTER, AND HIS WORKS

BY CHARLES A BRASSLER

Bernard Palissy, whose statue by Barrias appropri was reduced to the necessity of burning piece by bors, bitterly reproached by his wife and tormented by ately graces the court yard of the Ceramic Museum at piece his household furniture. Ridiculed by his neigh- the cries of his hungry children, he nevertheless perse Savres, is one of the most interesting figures in his vered, until finally, when reduced to the last desper tory. ate extremities, success rewarded his efforts. Born about 1510, m�ar Agen, now in the department Unlike most of the investigators and experimental of Lot and Garonne, France, he was apprenticed early ists of his time, Palissy had conducted his labors sys in life to a potter, and interested himself greatly in tematically, and when he attained his object, he was the technique of his calling, particularly in the possi able to repeat his work and obtain the same results. bilities of the various materials. He traveled in A few vessels, ornamented with life-like representa France and Germany, keeping this object in view and tions of reptiles, insects and small animals and col studying, for this purpose, geology and natural his ored true to nature, were a revelation to the ceram tory, supporting himself in the meantime by working ists of those times and brought prices tbat soon en as a land surveyor_ About 1539, however, he settled abled him to forget the hardships through which he at Saintes and here, while engaged in his calling, he had fought his way to success. He continued and per began his systematic researches into the> manufacture fected his researches and soon became famous, win of pottery and the composition of enamels. It was ning favor with the nobility and royalty, in the em here, he says in his book, "L' Art de - la terre," "that bellishment of whose palaces his genius was chiefiy without considering that I had no knowledge of argi employed. This friendship stood him in good stead at laceous earths, I began my researches into enamels, the time of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, when like one who gropes in the dark." the powerful'protection of Queen Catherine and Anne An enameled cup of faience which came into his de Montmorency, wife of the constable, saved him hands inspired him with the determination to discover from the fate that befell so many of his fellow Hugu� a method of producing white enamel, and for nearly nots, for Palissy had embraced the reformed faith. sixteen years, neglecting almost everything else, he A man of studious habits and keen intelligence, devoted his time and attention to investigations and Palissy was among the earliest of French scientists experiments in this direction. During this period, to substitute for the fables and fanciful theories of doubtless, he made the - discoveries as to colorings, so-called philosophers, hard facts, that were capable glazes, etc., that laid the fou�dation for his future of practical demonstration. In 1575 he commenced success. His first attempts were unsuccessful, but the delivery of a course of lectures on natural history he pursued his researches with unparalleled persis and physics, in which he gave a correct account of tence and energy, sacrificing everything to what was the origin of springs, the formation of stones and then considered more or less of a chimera, and to fossil shells, and advanced theories as to the best what brought him no profit. He exhausted all his methods of purifying water, the use of marl as fer- Portrait - of - Pallssy. ,From an old French miniature resources, and lacking fuel for the firing of his kilns, (Continued on page 133.) on vellum at Cluny.

A enp and pitcher made by Bernard Pallssy and now PaIissy's reproduction in pottery of one Pitcher belonging to the famous Temperentla basin preserved in the Louvre. of Brlot's masterpieces. The Temperentla plate. and two candlesticks, aU in the Louvre.

Large platter embellished with reptiles, fishes and shells made by "La Bl'Ue Jardiniere," a famous plate by Palissy preserved in the Bernard Palissy. Cluny Museum.

BEBNABD PALI88Y, TlIE FA.OlTS FBEliClI POTTEB, AND ms WOBES.

Legal Notices (Oontinued from page 132.) The Light Touch speed of 15 miles per hour. The total weight of the car is estimated at 5 tons, PATENTS and will seat 26 passengers, whereas the ordinary street car of the same size Monarch Typewriter weighs twice that amount. The battery INVENTORS are invited to communicate with Mann &; Vo., 381 Broadway, l\;ew York. or weighs 2,700 pounds, the car body 3,500, Street. Wash1npon, D. In regard 8'.13 F V.. and the truck complete 3,800 pounds. It to securing valid patent protectIon for tbelr In ventions. 'Trade-Marks and Vopyrllrhts is made in nine' distinct is claimed that the capacity of the bat registered. Desilrn Patents and Forellrn teries is sufficient to run the car continu Patents secured. ously for 150 miles, although in regular A Free Opinion as to tbe probable patenta models rangIng in widths bility of an Invention will be readily given to any street traffic, where· a car is obliged to Inventor furniShingUS with a model or sketch and 'Itop and start and crawl behind trucks, a a. brief descrIption of tbe device In questIon. All from to inches, 9/u- 32/.r single charge would probably carry the communica tions are strictly confidential. Our Hand-Book on Patents will be sent free on car but half this distance. The car is request. thus covering the entire to be tested on West Street, in this city, Ours Is the Olde t agency for securingpatents; .. where an excellent opportunity will be It was established over slxty·five years ago. busihess field'. given it to demonstrate its efficiency for MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York regular street service, not only as re Branch Office, 626 F SI .. Walhlngton. D. C, You will be interested gards the battery, but the light car con· struction as well. in the special devices and special features for Billing, ••• Block and tackle devIces, E. Moore ...•...• 947,595 ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF THE VOICE. Board. See score board. BobbIn support, J. O. Wade .••.....••...... 947,465 (Ooncluded from page 120.) Boilers, draft appliance tor steam engine, Card Indexing and Loose Leaf work. emitted by the larynx were recorded by a J. S. DownIng ...... 947,660' Bolt and nut, Stabl & Hunter •••••••••••••• 947,602 phonograph. The following conclusions Boolt, loose leaf, C. H. Payne ...... ••...•.• 947,620 Book stack, Smltb & Stelling ...... 947,583 were reached: Bottle, F. E. Scottord ...... 947,421 Bottle cap assembling macblne, AdrIance Write for Descriptive Illustrated When the larynx of a dog is removed ...... 947,272 Catalog & Calleson . . . during chloroform ansethesia, the lar Bott ne ce � �� 947,314 �.I!JI. w::,� u :ger � �� ..�I�. ��: yngeal muscles retain their ability to con Bottle neck formIng tool, G. E. Bolton ..... 947,632 Bottle wasblng macblne, J. Hauk, Jr..•.... 947,775 THE MONARCH TYPEWRITER COMPANY tract for a short period, which varies Box, H. B. Walter ...... 947,767 Bracelets, etc., band for, T. S. Bennett ... 947,322 from 3 to 10 minutes, but no contraction Bracelets and otber articles, bInge joInt for, can be produced in the muscles of a dead C. Spatscbll ...... 947,312 300 BROADWAY, NEW YORK BraIdIng macblnes, thread supply devIce oI.arynx, even if it is removed imme�iately for, J. O. McKean ...... 947,416 Brake bands, anti rattling devIce for, J. after the death of the animal, because Evans ...... 947,628 Branches and Dealers Throughout' the W orId BrIck handling appliance, M. Trlnalstlcb . . 947,403 the arterial blood has escaped. In order Brick making machine, automatic com- to produce the vibrations, the current of pressed, J. A. Plopper ...... ••. .... 947,456 947,540 ELECTRO MOTOR, SIMPLE, HOW TO Bucket, grab, A. E. Brown ...... ••..... f air should be impelled by' a pressure of 947,284 I Buckle, J. S. Sourek ...... The Electro-Clock �a:�;;t�: ro&��2.;.� ...st��!!\': � vf,:,�� .�I:: ...... 947,388 from to inches of water, as it Buckle, rope, S. Kram . . . ng ama teu .... W Illake a motor which might be driven 6 8 Buggy top support, E McCoy ...... 947,738 I wIth advantage by a current derived froma battery, and is in the normal production of the hu Button, fastenIng means, J. L. Nelson . .... 947,557 t . A Clock You Do Not which would have sutllclent power to opera e a foot Button or garment fastener, cufl', C. A. h man voice. In these conditions the ex Berkey ...... 947,586 �� '{Vft�fi�� r&l�!�':,�.f��0;��'fo"1��:: Buttonholes in collars, cuffs, etc., machine Have To Wind lOAN SUPPLEMENT, No. 64.1. PrIce 10•. cents. To be. cised larynx of the dog barks and howls for makIng, M. TIllie ...... •...... 947,605 had at this otllce and from all newsdealers. CalculatIng macblne dIsplacIng devIce, R. in every note of the canine register, from Burk ...... 947,526 A Good Tim e-Keeper For CalorImeter, S. W. Parr ...... 947,418 the deep baying of a mastiff to the shrill Can body coating machIne, O. D. Woods ... 947,537 OFFice-Home-School pipe of a terrier. These various notes Can cap placIng macblne, W. G. Palmer.... 947,685 For Everybody Can beadIng macblne, duplex, AdrIance & i r are obtained at will by causing various ::,. to� :n :dnW8 Calleson ...... 947,271 Rrm by Two Dry Cells Inside tlte Case '!t ��J��r::. Car, H. S. Putnam ...... 947,520 muscles to contract. If the stimulation . . ��tric Car constructIon, railway, J. M. Coleman. 947,372 �:eruT: o�! 2�i��:� Write for Catalog weight only 4 pounds, and wtll drill is confined to the muscles which connect Car coupling, O. A. Tower ...... 947,745 in stet"l up to 3·16 i�!:h. Great for Car conpllng. A. J. Baze1ey ...... 947,748 manual training schools. We also the two arytenoid cartilages (two small k The Electro-Clock Company make electric driven grinders. Let 8:� !��i�g �cr�n�O�� l�i.i,;;er�:·j�:': : : � :: �:�:i� USBead one on 10 daya' trW. Send for catalogue. cartilages at the back of the larynx, to Car, self clearIng bottom coal, D. L. OF THE CINCINN ATI ELECTRIC TOOL 00. Knowles et al...... 947,682 126 E. Franklin Street. Baltimore. Md. 660 and 66. Evan. Street, CincinnatI, Ohl... U. S. A. which the posterior ends of the vocal Car m.coupllng mecbanlsm, A. Bazeley. . 947,747 J. cords are attached) these cartilages ap Car IInderframe, H. C. PrIebe.•••• •••..... 947,259 Car undertrame and construction, F. Koch. 947,339 proach each other and a deep tone is Car wbeel, G. H. Down ...... 947,435 Car wheels, alloy for makIng, W. W. produced. If, on' the other hand, the Lobdell ...... 947,248 Cars, RutomobUes or other vehicles, tender The Scientific American Boy stimulation is extended to the muscles for, A. SteIn ...... 947,604 Cars, pay a8 you enter attachment tor By A. RUSSELL BOND which connect the arytenoid cartilages street, H. J. Dressel ••..•.•..•.•...• 947,695 with the thyroid cartilage (the large V Cars, pay as you enter attachment tor has just been reported asone of the books at present most in demand at street, H. J. Dressel ...... 947,732 shaped cartilage at the front of the lar· Carboy, J'. S. Havens ...... 947,749 Carbureter, J. A. Steward ...... 947,357 The New York Public Library, Circulation Deparbnent ynx, constituting the "Adam's apple," to Carbureter, G. W. HenrIcks ..•...... 947,712 which the anterior ends of the vocal Carbureting apparatus, Hill and Westwood 947,639 HIS is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a Carrier. See banana carrier. large number of diversions which, aside from . cords are attached), the vocal cords are Cart support, hand, C. E. Peckbam ..•... 947,454 Cattle guard, S. C. Baugbn ...... 947,691 T affording entertainment, will stimulate In boys contracted and a high, shrill note reo Ceiling and fioorlng construction, O. F. Fran- the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical son ...... 947,590 sults. Cement and concrete surfaces, device for instructions are given for building the various articles. The pitch of the note appears to be in· rodlng olr, J. R. Gorden ...... •...... 947,469 The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc· Cement block machIne, C. N. Choate ...... 947,569 tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and dependent of the pressure of the air and Chatr, B. Horton ...... 947,681 Charcoal and the product thereof, purIfyIng tents, also such other shelters as tree houses, straw the strength of the electric current, and anImal, J. H. Utley ...... 947,503 huts, log cabins and caves. The winter diversions· in Chocolate and the like, machIne for mold- to be determined solely by the part of Ing, Baker & Perks ...... 947,405 clude instructions for making six kinds of skate sails the muscular system of the larynx to Chopper. See cotton chopper. and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice Churn, W. P. Barclay ...... 947,631 which the stimulation is applied. The ClampIng device, H. H. Hal! ...... 947,282 boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Cleaner. See dIsh cleaner. Swedish contrivance called a "renwolf." Among the whole larynx, including the glottis and 947,696 Cloth drying machine, M. A. Gordon . ... more instructive subjects covered are surveying, wig· Clothes drIer, snspenslon, G. N. Galloway .. 947,591 the epiglottis, changes its form with Clutch and transmission mechanism, J. C. wagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which every change in pitch. Hence the larJnx Carpenter ...... 947,295, 947,406 six different kinds of bridges, including a simple canti Clutch, friction, C. A. A. Rand ...... 947,351 lever bridge, are describetl. is a musical instrument which produces Clutch, magnetIc, H. W. Ravenshaw ...... 947,687 Coal, utilizIng burled, A. G. Betts ...... 947,608 various notes by changing its form and Colree, calreln free, R. Hubner ...... 947,577 Illustrations. Coke oven construction, W. H. Blauvelt .... 947,524 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Price $2.00 postpaid dimensions. Coke ovens, construction of gas discharg- These experiments, in addition to their Ing devices for retort, W. H. Allen, Jr. 947,522 THERE HAS RECENTLY BEEN ISSUED A SEQUEL TO THIS BOOK ENTITLED Coke ovens, system of heating flues tor purely scientific interest, explain the Tetort, W. H. Blauvelt ...... 947,525 Columns, protecting submerged supporting, sudden loss of voice to which singers and S .G. Hindes ...... 947,237 The Scientific AmericanBoy at School Commutator tor dynamo electric machines, public speakers are often subject. The F. W. Young ...... 947,7G8 By A. RUSSELL BOND Concrete construction, W. J. Edwards . ... 947,492 loss of voice has nothing to do with the Concrete construction, J. E'. Conzelman .... 947,769 947,514 T takes up the story of .. Bill" and several of his companions vocal cords, but is caused by a sudden Concrete floor construction, F. W. i:!tevens at boarding school. They form a mysterious Egy tian Concrete plant, E. L. Ransome .•...... 947.599 Society. whose object to emulate the resourcefulness o¥ the contraction of some of the muscles which Concrete reinforcement, H. E. White ..... 947,746 is I ancients. Their Chief Astrologer and Priest of the Sacred Concrete structure, reinforced, E. N. Hunt� control the glottis, and is ana�ogous to Scarabeus is gifted with unusual powers, but his magic is ex Cont��er: 'F: ·W��t��b��k··.: ::::::::::::::: m:i�� plained so that others can copy it. Under the directions of the the rheumatic and neuralgic pains which 947,592 Chief Engineer, dams. bridges, and canal-locks are constrncted. ConveyIng apparatus, J. H. GUman ...... appear sudden1y in various parts of the Cooler. See engIne cooler. The Chief Admiral and Naval Constructor builds many types of Copper matte converter, E. A. C. Smith, boats. some of which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman body. reIssue ...... 13,080 and the Chief Artist also have their parts in the work done by Copy holder, H. HopkIns ...... 947.614 the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have .... 947,292 Corn topping machIne, F. I. Bonham ..... charge. Following is a list of the chapters: BERNARD PALISSY, THE FAMOUS FRENCH Cotton and lint condenser, A. J. Aderhold. 947,220 Initiation; Building a Dam; The Skiff· The Lake House ; ...... 947,638 Cotton chopper, R. L. Hartsell A Midnight Surprise; The Modern Order of Ancient E;ngineers ; POTTER, AND HIS WORKS. Cotton chopper, J. T. Stepleton ...... 947,690 . A "Pedal Paddle-Boat"; Surveying; Sounding the Lake; Sig (Oontinued frO'Tlt page 125.) Cotton picker, H. T. Noble ...... 947,559 nalling Systems; The Howe Truss Bridge; The SeismograJ?h ; 947,483 Cotton pickIng machIne, W. W. Farnsworth The Canal Lock; Hunting with a Camera; The Glidmg tilizer, etc., that modern scientific reo Couch, adjustable col!apslble foldIng ham· Machine; CampintZ Ideas; The Hannted House; Sun Dials mock, H. L. HOhlfield ...... 947,545 and Clepsydras; The Fish-Tall Boat; Kite Photography ; Wa ter search has proved to be correct. He was Coupling, E. E. Gold ...... 947,280 Kites and Current Sailing; The Wooden Canoe; The Bicycle Coupling, W. C. F. ZImmerman ...... 947,466 arrested as a heretic in and im . . Sled; !'Iagic; The SailbOat; Water s 1588 Coupling, E. E. Gold ...... 947,487 Sports; and A Gey er Couplings, apparatns for tapping, Baker & Fountam. mured in the Bastile, but in 1590, before 947,727 Anderson ...... his case had been disposed of, he died. Cracker box, A. L. Plotner ...... 947,498 947,625 12mo. 338 Pages. 314 Illustrations. Price $2.00 postpaid Grate, H. H. Cummer ...... Quite a number of authentic specimens Crate or .box, foldIng, F. E. Sterrett ..... 947,563 build Orushlng machine. I. L. Mitchell ...947.669, 947,737 The object of these books is to instruct boys bow to various devices of his work are in existence, and they Cultivating and Insect destroying machIne, and apparatus, particularly for outdoor use. The constructions are fully within combined, J. Pell .. . , ...... 947,455 are practically as priceless in value as . . the scope of the average boy and the instructions are interwoven in a story Cultivator shovel and lender, J. H. Blck- they are superb in execution. At the hard ...... 947,587 which makes the books interesting as well as instructive. Colvert, J. P. Dolan ...... 947,773 Louvre and Cluny Museums, from Corrent motor, A. R. Brewer ...•.•...... 947,672 Curtain fastener, H. Hlggln ••.•...... 947,427 MUNN & CO., Inc., which ol)r illustrations are obtained, Cutter head, F. O. wells ...... 947,319 Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York Cnttlng apparatus, J. B. Wood , ...... 947,724 1 1..______• (Ooncluded on page 135.)

Pi-" mention tla. SCIENTIFIC AMERICANwla.,. umm.. to aJHrtiHn

(Ooncluded from page 133.) RaUway Mall Clerks, P. O. Clerks, Shoe polishing machine, G. C. La Mountain 947,415 CorU"" En&'lne", Brewers e Shoe tree, C. B. Koster. . ...•...... •.. 947.387 he is very completely represented and Buttlers MaChinery. l'HIl! VIL'!'!<:U Shovel and coal receptacle, combination, M�·G. CO., 8Il9 Clinton �� a::,� R,;!,..;"I?��rsiooPr �:: 947,452 St., Milwaukee, Wls WANTEDScholarships. Pres't our school oonductedGov'1s N. R. Middleton ...... by important specimens showing the Examinations. Write '01' V.Woe.. 4 I'ree Trial Leaao_ Shovel bolster, steam, W. Sheppard .•.... 947,356 Ozment'llCoUeKe, Dept. 99 St. Louis, Shutter, M. Klaiber·...... 947,471 adopted Mo. . three distinct styles that he cl EXPERIMENTAL WORK. Sifter, Oour, G. McEachron ....•....•.•. 947,684 Inventlona is represented, full face and in court cos 947,736 its Ihree slyl... AsRood in each styleas any '£Imer, C. S. Martin ...... : ...... 947,442 tume with ruffs. His doublet is embroid Catalogueof car of similar price-ye\ here you Ret three Tire, W. D. Harris ...... distinct automobilesat the price ofone-$850. Tire bolt tightener and cutter, power, H. A. ered and relieved with gold, the sleeves Scien fic and us lell you all about it. Book free. I{rueger ...... 947,578 � Let See 947,527 F thisand other Schachl Models al BoslonAUlo Tire case, P. Evans ...... T echDlcal Books F Tire for automobile wheels etc., emer- are be·ribboned, and on the chest is braid. ree ree Show, March 5 1012. gency, Budesbeim & Stincbcomb ...... 947,221 Above the head appears the inscription: Tire, vehicle, Clawson & Dow •...... 947,371 SCHACHT MANUFACTURING CO. 947,543 B. Palissy. Tire, "ehicle, H. S. Firestone ...... 2700 Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati, .ohio Tire, vebicle wheel cusblon, C. Weichelt ... 947,535 His works reflect alike genius and Toaster, M. A. Patterson ...... 947,540 We have lust Issued a new edition Toy guo, J. Scholtes ...... 947,621 947,652 artistic taste, and his work was original, of our Catalogue of Scientific and 3 CARS IN ONE $850 Track sanding appliance, F. G. Schwartz ... Train order delivering device, C. B. Hibbard 947,236 marvelously true to nature in execution Technical Books, which contains Transmission mechanism, �r. C. Jameson. 947,386 Transmitter, W. E. MCCormick ...... 947,395 and coloring, and probably in a more 144 pages, and a copy will be mailed . . . Trestle, E. O. Vickers ...... 947,464 to any address on application. Trolley wbeel. G. H. Downs. marked degree than any other master of free 947,436,·947,758, 947,759 tlie ceramic art, he learned to perfect Trougb. See watering trougb. Truss pad or cushion, D. O. Fosgate ...... 947,551 colors that would be, after firing, known Tubes or rods, mechanism for treating metal MUNN & CO., Inc., J»nblishersof Scientific American or otber, E. T. Greenfield ...... 947,440 quantities, a knowledge that enabled him Tubes or rods, treating metal and other, E. 947,439 to duplicate, with such wonderful cer 361 Broadway, New York T. Greenfield ...... Turbine, steam, W. E. Seelye ...... 947,355 tainty, the color effects of the fish, rep Turning machine, channel lip, W. H. Hooper ...... 947,509 tiles, insects, etc., he loved to reproduce. A finely illustrated monthly magazine pubIlshing practical educ:ltlonalar. Type bar producing mechanism, F. H. Rich- ELECTRICIAN AND M EeHAN IC Ucles on all branches of electricity and mech:mics. Complete directions ards ...... 947,761 The extent to which his style was imi and workingdrawings for making ste!lma.nd gasoline englDes, dynamos and motors, furniture, wiring Instruction, wireless telegrapby, mechani Type bars, producing, F. H. Ricbards ...... 947,350 a . Type writing' machine, S. Nielson ...... 947,253 tated affords the most practical proof of .!aJ drawing, etc. Threemontha' tria.l, twenty cent9. $1.00 year Catalogue of electncal and mechanical books free. . . SAHPSON PUBLllilHING COHPANY lllH Beacon BulldlnJr, Booton, Ha... Type writing macbine, M. W. Pool . .. . :.. 94?,257 947,269 the favor it enjoyed. Type writing maCbine, C. B. yaw ...... Type writing macbine, A. J. Briggs ...... 947,276 ••••• Type writing machine, J. C. McLaughlin .. 947,417 'Type writing machine, E. B. Hess ...... 947,443 An Electro·pneumatlc Conveyer System Type writing machine, L. C. Myers ...... 947,450 Cor Libraries. you want a complete text book on Solders Type writing machine, G. A. Seib ...... 947,499 F Type writing machine, pneumatically oper- and the art of· Soldering, giving practical, An electro-pneumatic system is used in I ated, M. Soblik ...... 947,683 Solders aM working recipes and fonnulre which can be Umbrella, F. Benz, Sr...... 947,671 ·the Berlin royal library for carrying out Uncoupling device, H. T. Krakau ...... 947,243 used by the metallurgist, the goldsmith, the & ...... 947,751 the distribution of books to the readers. Universal jOint, Long Austin . . silversmith, the jeweler, and the metal-worker Valve, T. R. Sundberg ...... 947,463 Upon this system the reader fills out a Valve controlling mechanism, thermostatic, in general, read the following SCIENTI:FIC H. Schneider ...... 947,310 blank containing the name of the desired Valve, bydraullcally operated, E. Sandner 947.311 AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS:- Valve stem or rod, C. Kiess ...... ·...... 947,593 Soldering ...... 947,234 book, and upon this blank an employee Valve, tank, A. D . . Herschler . .. 1112. 1384. 1481. 1622. 1610, 1434. 1533 Vault, burial, J. T. Suit ...... 947,402 writes an exact indication of the place Vault cover fastening, J. Armstrong ..... 947,584 where such volume is to be found. The Price 70 Cents by mail. Vehicle, motor, B. D. Gray ...... 947,637 Vebicle spring, Sgal & Scbwanda ...... 947,653 bulletin is then sent by pneumatic tube Order from your newsdealer or from Vending machine, coin controlled, Peters & Schmidt ...... 947,755 to the central office. This office is direct MUNN 6. CO., Inc.. 361 Broadway. New York Veneer drying and straightening . machine, F. N. Morey ...... 94' ,306 ly connected by elevators with the differ· Vessels, corrugated metal wall for collapsi- ent stories of the building. These ele ble expansible, W. M. Fulton ...... 947.229 Vise, bencb, O. M. Eager ...... 947,573 vators are of small size and are operated Voting mechanism, question, C. H. Ocum- paugh ...... 947,497 electrically on a push-button. system. Be Wagon dumping apparatus, G. E. Wunder. 1?47,318 NOW READYI Wasblng macbine, F. Stines ...... 947,285 sides, there is a large elevator running Wasbing macbine, W. R. Kramer ...... 947,555· 947,565 through all the floors for transporting Wasblng machine, J. Vierling ...... Washing machine, L. R. ·English ...... 947,611 persons and books. A set of pneumatic Washing machine, W. A. E. Henrlcl . ... 947,776 THE FOURTH -DIMENSION Wasbing macbine cylinders, sliding door tubes also run from the central office to for, F. M. Raymond ...... 947,700 SIMPLY Washing machines, sliding door tor outer the different floors which contain the EXPLAINED . cases of sterilizing, F. M. Raymond ... 947,701 947,521 books. The employee of the central office WOlTH AN INTRODUCTION BY Water heater, F. J. Randall ...... Water beating apparatus, W. W. Rlcb .•. 947,308 who receives the reader's bulletin sends HENRY P. MANNING Watering trough, B. R. Spencer...... 947,704 Wave motor, C. O. Blauel ...... •...... 947,321 the same by pneumatic tube to the proper Professor of Mathematics, Brown University Weed burner, P. G. Davidson ...... 947,297 Welgber, fruit, G. D. Parker ..•...... 947,255 floor, and on this floor the attendants read 947,325 PriCe, $1.50 net. 260 pages illustrated Weir, prorating, D. A. Callway ...... the sheet and bring the desired books to Wheel. See car wheel. . FRIENDof the ScientificAmerican's donated a �rize of $500.00for the best simply.won:led Whip lock and socket, combined, S. Ltlland 947,716 the elevator which takes them to the cen Winding roll speed regulator, S. L. Nichol- non-mathematical explanstion of the Fourth Dimension. The prize was won by Lieut.. ' 947,344 A son ...... •...... others tral office. The latter office then sends Col. G. D. Fitch, U. S. A. This essay, together with three which were accorded Window gutter and Oashing, show,. H. H. 947,656 honorable mention, was published in the columns of the Scientific American. As a result, so Tre1Ter ...... the books to the point from which the Wire forming macblne, L, R. Compton ... 947,296 much interest was aroused in the subject of the Fourth Dimension. that it see med advisable to Wire stretcher, C. T. Newland ...... 947,739 bulletin was sent in the first place, either . collect, in permanent form, �e more meritorious of the 245 essays which were sent. in from all Wires or conductors,. connection for, E. in the main reading room or any other parts Scbmidmer ...... 947,601 of the world. ." Wood, bath for extracting . products from, rese ts them ...... 947,420 of the rooms of the library. The present work p n twenty points of view, all of interes� and no two quite F. Pope ...... 947,462 alike. Each essay is 2500 words in length. The reading of one essay does not mvolve the reading Woodworking cutter, K. J. Spletb ...... entire Work table for bars, soda fountain coun- of the work, yet the entire book gives a comprehensive view of what the laymanwishes to ters, etc., J. J. Betzold ...... 947.609 Writing to Stahl and Eisen, a German _ . know about the Fourth Dimension. No abstract maihematica will be found in the volume. Wrencb, H. A. Paquette ...... 947.346 The 947,619 manufacturer states that he has succeed essayists endeavor the explain imagining Wrench, S. O. Orr ...... to Fourth Dimension both by the effect of transporting an Zinc oxid for reduction, preparation of, H...... 947,399 ed in making satisfactory high-speed ordinary third-dimensional human being into fourth-dimensional space and also by explaining a Bape ...... -...... steels with powdered ferro-tungsten. The third-dimensional man's possibilities in one and two dimensional space. , Professor Manning, the leading American authority on the subject of the Fourth Dimension, steel contains of tungsten, sili 0.85 0.45 contributes an introduction in which he explains how the concept of the Fourth Dimension iained A printed copy of tbe speciOcation and drawing _ ot any patent In tbe foregoing list, or any patent con, 0.45 manganese, 0.30 carbon, 0.25 mathematical prominence, and swiftly reviews the work that has been done in the field. He has in print issued since 1863, will be furnished from a aluminium, calcium, and magnesium, and lso edited the essays and supplied explanatory footnotes where required.. tbls office tor 10 cents, provided tbe mime and number · of the patent desired and the date be 0.01 of sulphur. The powdered ferro ORDER FROM YOUR BOOKDEALER OR FROM given. Address Munn & Co., Inc., 361 Broadway, New York. tungsten alloys more readily. than tung Canadian patents may now be obtained by the In MUNN & COMPANY, Inc.,' YORK ventors tor any of the inventions named in tbe fore· sten metal, and there is less segregation 361 Broadway, NEW 1rolng list. For terms and further particnlars address Muon & Co., Inc., 861 Broadway, New and piping. Y'Ork.

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