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Sociedade E Economia No Concelho Das Velas Nos Séculos XVIII-XIX

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Sociedade E Economia No Concelho Das Velas Nos Séculos XVIII-XIX Rui Duarte Brasil Marques Sociedade e economia no concelho das Velas nos séculos XVIII-XIX (São Jorge, Açores) Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Arqueologia orientada pela Professora Doutora Teresa Soeiro Vol. I Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto setembro de 2015 Sumário Agradecimentos ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Resumo .................................................................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Abreviaturas ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introdução ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Metodologia ................................................................................................................................... 11 3. Caraterização da ilha de São Jorge ................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Enquadramento geográfico .......................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Geomorfologia ............................................................................................................................ 13 3.3 Clima ........................................................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Capacidade de uso do solo .......................................................................................................... 16 3.5 Rede hidrográfica ........................................................................................................................ 17 3.6 Litologia ...................................................................................................................................... 18 3.7 Calamidades naturais ................................................................................................................... 19 4. O território do concelho das Velas .................................................................................................. 21 4.1 Delimitação do concelho ............................................................................................................. 21 4.2 Caraterização do concelho das Velas entre séculos XVIII e XIX ............................................... 23 5. Sociedade ........................................................................................................................................... 30 5.1 Elites Locais ................................................................................................................................ 30 5.2 Clero ............................................................................................................................................ 34 5.3 Ofícios ......................................................................................................................................... 40 5.4 Agricultores ................................................................................................................................. 42 6. Propriedade ....................................................................................................................................... 49 6.1 Perspetiva geral da estrutura fundiária nos Açores ..................................................................... 49 6.2 Vínculos dos “grandes arrendamentos” ....................................................................................... 50 6.3 Outros vínculos de propriedade de menor escala ........................................................................ 54 6.4 Santa Casa de Misericórdia e instituições religiosas ................................................................... 56 6.5 Propriedades do concelho ............................................................................................................ 58 6.6 Rendeiros e Foreiros .................................................................................................................... 60 6.7 Administração concelhia na propriedade .................................................................................... 64 7. Agricultura ........................................................................................................................................ 68 7.1 A questão cerealífera no concelho as Velas ................................................................................ 69 7.2 Práticas e técnicas agrícolas ........................................................................................................ 75 7.3 Trigo ............................................................................................................................................ 76 2 7.4 Milho ........................................................................................................................................... 78 7.5 Outros utensílios agrícolas .......................................................................................................... 79 7.6 Trabalho braçal no século XIX ................................................................................................... 80 7.7 Inhame ......................................................................................................................................... 80 7.8 Viticultura no concelho das Velas ............................................................................................... 82 7.8.1 Castas e produção ................................................................................................................. 83 7.8.2 Regulamentação camarária das vinhas ................................................................................. 85 7.8.3 Cultivo das vinhas ................................................................................................................ 86 7.8.4 Lagares ................................................................................................................................. 90 7.8.5 Vasilhames e marcação ........................................................................................................ 91 8. Transportes e vias de comunicação ................................................................................................ 93 8.1 Vias terrestres .............................................................................................................................. 94 8.2 Carro de Bois .............................................................................................................................. 95 8.3 Proibições sobre a circulação dos carros de bois ......................................................................... 96 9. Pecuária ............................................................................................................................................. 98 9.1 As posturas municipais sobre os gados ..................................................................................... 100 9.2 Gado bovino .............................................................................................................................. 100 9.3 Gado asinino .............................................................................................................................. 106 9.4 Gado muar ................................................................................................................................. 107 9.5 Gado cavalar .............................................................................................................................. 107 9.6 Gado suíno ................................................................................................................................. 107 9.7 Gado ovelhum ........................................................................................................................... 109 9.8 Gado cabrum ............................................................................................................................. 110 9. 9 Marcação dos gados ................................................................................................................. 110 9.9.1 Sinais nas orelhas ............................................................................................................... 113 9.9.2 Ferros .................................................................................................................................. 114 9. 10 Currais do concelho ................................................................................................................ 115 9.11 Marchantes .............................................................................................................................. 115 9.12 Produtos secundários ............................................................................................................... 116 9.12.1 Curtumes .......................................................................................................................... 116 9.12.2 Laticínios .........................................................................................................................
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