COST Action 869, Working Group 4: Evaluation of projects in example areas: Vulnerability of water bodies to diffuse pollution in small islands: The Swiss Midland Lakes. June 24 - 26, 2009, Nottwil (CH) a hydrological perspective Action 869 M.I.P. de Lima (1,2) and J.L.M.P. de Lima (1,3) (1) Institute of Marine Research, (2) Forestry Dep., ESAC/Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal (
[email protected]), (3) Dep. Civil Engineering, Univ. of Coimbra, Portugal (
[email protected]) FCTUC Introduction Study area Eutrophication of water bodies, The Archipelago of Azores is located in the North Atlantic Ocean. This archipelago is included in the Macaronesian region together with Madeira resulting from anthropogenic activities, (Portugal), Canary (Spain) and Cape Verde archipelagos. The Azores archipelago is formed by 9 small islands, with areas ranging from 17 to 747 km2. is one of the most serious problems of These islands are of volcanic origin and are characterized by very steep landscapes. In general, orography is responsible for significant climatic degradation of their physical, chemical variations among and within the islands. The Azores is strongly influenced by its oceanic location; it is characterized by high precipitation and high and biological quality. The complexity humidity. Precipitation shows a prominent east-west gradient with substantially higher annual rainfall in the westerly islands. The freshwater (surface and of the processes involved includes the aquifers) systems in the Macaronesian islands are unique due to their volcanic origin and oceanic setting, catchment morphology, storage processes, strong effect caused by climatic, and the presence of distinct freshwater communities.