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Conacher Missed the Mark on Constitutional Conventions and Fixed Election Dates
Conacher Missed the Mark on Constitutional Conventions and Fixed Election Dates Andrew Heard* Given the fundamental role that conven- major problems with the three-part Jennings tions play in the Canadian constitution, it is test adopted by the Supreme Court of Canada not surprising that litigants try from time to in the Patriation Reference and employed in time to engage the courts in defining or even Conacher. A fresh analysis of the issues in Co- enforcing the terms of a particular convention. nacher is needed to determine whether in fact a The Federal Court’s September 2009 decision constitutional convention had arisen to support in Conacher v. Canada (Prime Minister)1 is the the fixed election date legislation. latest high-profile example. Duff Conacher, Co- ordinator of Democracy Watch, had launched Any pronouncement by a court of the terms a court case that challenged the 2008 federal of a convention can and often does amount to election call as contravening either the provi- a political enforcement of the convention. The sions of the government’s fixed-date election authority of the courts adds considerable weight law (Bill C-16,2 passed in 2007), or conventions to their opinions, and their conclusions are of- supporting the law. The Federal Court rejected ten portrayed as authoritative. Thus, it matters Conacher’s application, holding among other whether a court is correct in its assessment of things that there was no constitutional conven- the existence or terms of a convention. Unfor- tion constraining the prime minister from ad- tunately, the Jennings test can only usefully vising an election before the October 2009 date identify a subset of constitutional conventions, prescribed in the statute. -
A Calculus of Interest Canadian Peacekeeping Diplomacy in Cyprus, 1963-1993
Canadian Military History Volume 24 Issue 2 Article 8 2015 A Calculus of Interest Canadian Peacekeeping Diplomacy in Cyprus, 1963-1993 Greg Donaghy Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Greg Donaghy "A Calculus of Interest Canadian Peacekeeping Diplomacy in Cyprus, 1963-1993." Canadian Military History 24, 2 (2015) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. : A Calculus of Interest Canadian Peacekeeping Diplomacy in Cyprus, 1963-1993 A Calculus of Interest Canadian Peacekeeping Diplomacy in Cyprus, 1963-1993 GREG DONAGHY Abstract: Fifty years ago, Canadian peacekeepers landed on the small Mediterranean island of Cyprus, where they stayed for thirty long years. This paper uses declassified cabinet papers and diplomatic records to tackle three key questions about this mission: why did Canadians ever go to distant Cyprus? Why did they stay for so long? And why did they leave when they did? The answers situate Canada’s commitment to Cypress against the country’s broader postwar project to preserve world order in an era marked by the collapse of the European empires and the brutal wars in Algeria and Vietnam. It argues that Canada stayed— through fifty-nine troop rotations, 29,000 troops, and twenty-eight dead— because peacekeeping worked. Admittedly there were critics, including Prime Ministers Pearson, Trudeau, and Mulroney, who complained about the failure of peacemaking in Cyprus itself. -
Views Or Conclusions
The American Public and Israel in the Twenty-First Century Eytan Gilboa Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 181 THE BEGIN-SADAT CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 181 The American Public and Israel in the Twenty-First Century Eytan Gilboa The American Public and Israel in the Twenty-First Century Eytan Gilboa © The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel Tel. 972-3-5318959 Fax. 972-3-5359195 [email protected] www.besacenter.org ISSN 0793-1042 October 2020 Cover image: Sheri Hooley via Unsplash The Begin-Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic Studies The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies is an independent, non-partisan think tank conducting policy-relevant research on Middle Eastern and global strategic affairs, particularly as they relate to the national security and foreign policy of Israel and regional peace and stability. It is named in memory of Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat, whose efforts in pursuing peace laid the cornerstone for conflict resolution in the Middle East. Mideast Security and Policy Studies serve as a forum for publication or re-publication of research conducted by BESA associates. Publication of a work by BESA signifies that it is deemed worthy of public consideration but does not imply endorsement of the author’s views or conclusions. Colloquia on Strategy and Diplomacy summarize the papers delivered at conferences and seminars held by the Center for the academic, military, official and general publics. In sponsoring these discussions, the BESA Center aims to stimulate public debate on, and consideration of, contending approaches to problems of peace and war in the Middle East. -
Canada and the Middle East Today: Electoral Politics and Foreign Policy
CANADA AND THE MIDDLE EAST TODAY: ELECTORAL POLITICS AND FOREIGN POLICY Donald Barry Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper came to power in 2006 with little experience in foreign affairs but with a well developed plan to transform his minority Conservative administration into a majority government replacing the Liberals as Canada’s “natural governing party.”1 Because his party’s core of Anglo-Protestant supporters was not large enough to achieve this goal, Harper appealed to non- traditional Conservatives, including Jews, on the basis of shared social values. His efforts were matched by those of Jewish leaders and the government of Israel to win the backing of the government and its followers in the face of declining domestic support for Israel and the rise of militant Islamic fundamentalism. These factors accelerated a change in Canada’s Middle East policy that began under Prime Minister Paul Martin, from a carefully balanced stance to one that overwhelm- ingly favors Israel. Harper’s “pro-Israel politics,” Michelle Collins observes, has “won the respect—and support—of a large segment of Canada’s organized Jewish community.”2 However, it has isolated Canada from significant shifts in Middle East diplomacy and marginalized its ability to play a constructive role in the region. Harper and the Jewish Vote When he became leader of the Canadian Alliance party, which merged with the Progressive Conservatives to form the Conservative Party of Canada in 2004, Tom Flanagan says that Harper realized “The traditional Conservative base of Anglophone Protestants [was] too narrow to win modern Canadian elections.”3 In a speech to the conservative organization Civitas, in 2003, Harper argued that the only way to achieve power was to focus not on the tired wish list of economic conservatives or “neo-cons,” as they’d become known, but on what he called “theo-cons”—those social conservatives who care passionately about hot-button issues that turn on family, crime, and defense. -
When Victims Rule
1 24 JEWISH INFLUENCE IN THE MASS MEDIA, Part II In 1985 Laurence Tisch, Chairman of the Board of New York University, former President of the Greater New York United Jewish Appeal, an active supporter of Israel, and a man of many other roles, started buying stock in the CBStelevision network through his company, the Loews Corporation. The Tisch family, worth an estimated 4 billion dollars, has major interests in hotels, an insurance company, Bulova, movie theatres, and Loliards, the nation's fourth largest tobacco company (Kent, Newport, True cigarettes). Brother Andrew Tisch has served as a Vice-President for the UJA-Federation, and as a member of the United Jewish Appeal national youth leadership cabinet, the American Jewish Committee, and the American Israel Political Action Committee, among other Jewish organizations. By September of 1986 Tisch's company owned 25% of the stock of CBS and he became the company's president. And Tisch -- now the most powerful man at CBS -- had strong feelings about television, Jews, and Israel. The CBS news department began to live in fear of being compromised by their boss -- overtly, or, more likely, by intimidation towards self-censorship -- concerning these issues. "There have been rumors in New York for years," says J. J. Goldberg, "that Tisch took over CBS in 1986 at least partly out of a desire to do something about media bias against Israel." [GOLDBERG, p. 297] The powerful President of a major American television network dare not publicize his own active bias in favor of another country, of course. That would look bad, going against the grain of the democratic traditions, free speech, and a presumed "fair" mass media. -
Canada's Location in the World System: Reworking
CANADA’S LOCATION IN THE WORLD SYSTEM: REWORKING THE DEBATE IN CANADIAN POLITICAL ECONOMY by WILLIAM BURGESS BA (Hon.), Queens University, 1978 MA (Plan.), University of British Columbia, 1995 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Geography We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA January 2002 © William Burgess, 2002 Abstract Canada is more accurately described as an independent imperialist country than a relatively dependent or foreign-dominated country. This conclusion is reached by examining recent empirical evidence on the extent of inward and outward foreign investment, ownership links between large financial corporations and large industrial corporations, and the size and composition of manufacturing production and trade. -
The Mulroney-Schreiber Affair - Our Case for a Full Public Inquiry
HOUSE OF COMMONS CANADA THE MULRONEY-SCHREIBER AFFAIR - OUR CASE FOR A FULL PUBLIC INQUIRY Report of the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics Paul Szabo, MP Chair APRIL, 2008 39th PARLIAMENT, 2nd SESSION The Speaker of the House hereby grants permission to reproduce this document, in whole or in part for use in schools and for other purposes such as private study, research, criticism, review or newspaper summary. Any commercial or other use or reproduction of this publication requires the express prior written authorization of the Speaker of the House of Commons. If this document contains excerpts or the full text of briefs presented to the Committee, permission to reproduce these briefs, in whole or in part, must be obtained from their authors. Also available on the Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire: http://www.parl.gc.ca Available from Communication Canada — Publishing, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9 THE MULRONEY-SCHREIBER AFFAIR - OUR CASE FOR A FULL PUBLIC INQUIRY Report of the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics Paul Szabo, MP Chair APRIL, 2008 39th PARLIAMENT, 2nd SESSION STANDING COMMITTEE ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PRIVACY AND ETHICS Paul Szabo Pat Martin Chair David Tilson Liberal Vice-Chair Vice-Chair New Democratic Conservative Dean Del Mastro Sukh Dhaliwal Russ Hiebert Conservative Liberal Conservative Hon. Charles Hubbard Carole Lavallée Richard Nadeau Liberal Bloc québécois Bloc québécois Glen Douglas Pearson David Van Kesteren Mike Wallace Liberal Conservative Conservative iii OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT WHO PARTICIPATED Bill Casey John Maloney Joe Comartin Hon. Diane Marleau Patricia Davidson Alexa McDonough Hon. Ken Dryden Serge Ménard Hon. -
Senate Halts As Students Walk
Campagne de souscription CapitalCampaign de l'UniversiteConcordia Concordia University Batisoons ensemble ~ Building together Senate halts as students walk out By Carole l{leingrib Senate's first a ttempt to debate the five Calling the Phase II report a " mother poss ible m issions fo r Concordia men hood statement," the students said the tioned in the Ph ase 11 report of the Univer document should be re-written in order to ' sity's Mi ssio n and Strategy-Development " re-focus its direction ." Study never got off the ground last Friday· On another front, Division I Dean Don because 13 studen ts senators walked out, T addeo presented Sena te with his own forcing the cha irman to adjourn for lack "ana lys is o f the situa ti on and interpreta of quorum. ti on of the Phase II report" . Speaking " not T he student senators had earlier pres as a member o f the Phase II Steering ented two motions, one calling for the Committee nor as Dean of Div ision I, bu t Phase II report to be re-written; the otheF rather as a member of Sena te," Taddeo requesti n-g that stud ents. a n d fa culty expressed his concern abo ut wha t he feels members be repn::sented on the Committee is the lack o f any cl ear context for d iscus on Institutional Strategy formed to over sion of the•Mi ~sion Study issue, see implemen tation of the Miss ion Study, Taddeo suppli_ed da ta o n Concordia 's The first motion was defeated; the second place in the Quebec unive rsity network, was ta bl ed. -
Canada: Imperialist Or Imperialized? Paper Presented To: IX Encuentro
Canada: Imperialist or Imperialized? Paper presented to: IX Encuentro International de Economistas Globalización y Problemas del Desarrollo La Habana del 5 al 9 de febrero de 2007 by Bill Burgess Vancouver, Canada Abstract: The broad issue of whether capital has become super-national takes a particular form in Canada: Is Canadian capital is strong enough - and sufficient independent of US capital - to project relatively independent Canadian capitalist interests at home and abroad? This paper first emphasizes that at the macro-economic level, the domestic economic base of Canadian capital expressed by control over corporate assets within Canada is many times greater than that controlled by foreign-controlled corporations in Canada. Like most imperialist countries, Canada also holds more foreign direct investments in other countries than foreign investors hold in within Canada. The paper then turns to the more complex issue of whether, at the micro-economic level, linkages between individual Canadian and foreign (mainly US) corporations disrupt distinctly ‘Canadian’ corporate interests. It first highlights the highly concentrated structure of Canadian capital, which reinforces its overall control of the domestic economy despite significant foreign economic penetration. The issue of linkages between foreign and Canadian corporations is then evaluated using a database on the 1200 largest corporations in Canada created by linking corporate ownership data from government agencies with financial data from the business press. The results indicate that the characteristic form of finance capital in Canada is groupings of individual financial corporations and industrial corporations under the common control of parent body, often a family- owned enterprise. Ten of the largest 25 of these corporate groups in Canada are family-controlled and two are government enterprises; only three are foreign-controlled. -
The Rise and Fall of the Widely Held Firm: a History of Corporate Ownership in Canada
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: A History of Corporate Governance around the World: Family Business Groups to Professional Managers Volume Author/Editor: Randall K. Morck, editor Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-53680-7 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/morc05-1 Conference Date: June 21-22, 2003 Publication Date: November 2005 Title: The Rise and Fall of the Widely Held Firm: A History of Corporate Ownership in Canada Author: Randall Morck, Michael Percy, Gloria Tian, Bernard Yeung URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10268 1 The Rise and Fall of the Widely Held Firm A History of Corporate Ownership in Canada Randall K. Morck, Michael Percy, Gloria Y. Tian, and Bernard Yeung 1.1 Introduction At the beginning of the twentieth century, large pyramidal corporate groups, controlled by wealthy families or individuals, dominated Canada’s large corporate sector, as in modern continental European countries. Over several decades, a large stock market, high taxes on inherited income, a sound institutional environment, and capital account openness accompa- nied the rise of widely held firms. At mid-century, the Canadian large cor- porate sector was primarily freestanding widely held firms, as in the mod- ern large corporate sectors of the United States and United Kingdom. Then, in the last third of the century, a series of institutional changes took place. These included a more bank-based financial system, a sharp abate- Randall K. Morck is Stephen A. Jarislowsky Distinguished Professor of Finance at the University of Alberta School of Business and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. -
Major Sectoral Developments
September 1986 Major Sectoral Developments The following section focuses on major investment transaction trends in the more active industrial sectors during 1985. Metal Mining (SIC 10) - Foreign direct investment in U.S. metal mining firms, at a low ebb for the past few years, rebounded slightly in 1985. Concerns over political instability abroad, country debt repayment problems and a weakening U.S. dollar were factors that accounted for increased foreign investment in this sector. In 1985,10 completed transactions were identified; 7 of them had a total value or $124.4 million, a four-fold increase over the 1984 figure. The largest transaction was the acquisition of Copper Range Co. by Echo Bay Mines Ltd. of Edmonton, Canada for $55 million. Echo Bay Mines, operator of Canada's second largest gold mine, will expand its interests through the purchase of Copper Range which has several gold exploration projects in Nevada as well as copper interests in Michigan. The second largest transaction was the addition of a new mill at Newmont Mining Corp.'s Carlin gold mine in northeastern Nevada valued at $33.9 million. Newmont Mining is 26.1 percent owned by Consolidated Gold Fields Ltd. of England, itself 29 percent owned by Minorco, a Bermuda-based firm controlled by Anglo-American Corp. of South Africa Ltd. Canada was the primary source country for investors in the metal mining sector in 1985. Canadian investors accounted for almost half of the transactions (5). In second place were investors from the United Kingdom with 2 transactions. These investments were largely mine expansions (4) or acquisitions (3). -
Thank You NEWS What Makes a City Great?
NEWS BULLETIN 26 October 2012 Please forward and distribute widely - thank you NEWS What Makes a City Great? was the topic of CBC Radio show “Ontario Today” on October 25th when Cities Centre Interim Director Richard Stren was a featured participant. Hosted by Kathleen Petty and aired on Radio One on a weekly basis, the program is an Ontario-wide news and current affairs phone-in program. Past episodes are posted ….more Just released: The Impact of Precarious Legal Status on Immigrants’ Economic Outcomes by Professor Luin Goldring of York University and Cities Centre Research Associate Professor Patricia Landolt, Chair of the Department of Sociology, UTSC. The new study is published by the Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP) …more and download Cities Centre congratulates former Director, Professor Eric Miller on being chosen as the inaugural recipient of the new UBC Margolese National Design for Living Prize. “Dr. Miller has been an extraordinary force for the development and improvement of urban living environments in Canada,“ says UBC Applied Science’s Dean pro tem Eric Hall. The prize of $50,000 will be awarded annually to a Canadian who has made outstanding contributions to the development or improvement of living environments for Canadians of all economic classes. Professor Miller will travel to Vancouver to give a public lecture in early 2013 …more The Toronto Community Foundation has announced a Call for Applications for Vital Ideas Grants. The Vital Ideas program is open to any charitable organization registered with