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Diplomacy Wisdom, Vision Wisdom, ision andV Diplomacy peakers S of the ouse of the HCOMMONWEALTH of ennsylvania PA biographical history of the Speakers of the Provincial Assembly and the House of Representatives 1 1682–2020 230 peakers S of the ouse of the PHennsylvaniaCOMMONWEALTH of © Pennsylvania House of Representatives All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission from the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Inquiries should be addressed to the Chief Clerk of the House, P.O. Box 202220, Harrisburg, PA 17120-2220. Printed by the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2020. ISBN: 9-9667794-0-1 Acknowledgments This is the fourth edition of a project which began in the summer of 1995 when the Speaker’s Director of Special Projects, Jeanne Hearn Schmedlin, mobilized a group of interns to begin writ- ing biographies of past Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. The first edition of this book was published in 2004, and an updated and expanded version was printed in 2008. Seeing the need to review and update the book, House Archivist Heidi Mays again looked to the Speaker’s interns who began the lengthy revision process in 2011, with the aim of revising the publication with uniform style. As such, each biography now includes the Speaker’s education, career pursuits, elected positions, leadership positions, legislative issues endeavored during the speakership, post-speakership activity and personal information. We are extremely grateful to several college students who served semester-long internships in the Office of the Speaker through the State System of Higher Education’s Harrisburg Internship Semester. These students researched, wrote, and fact-checked much of the history of the 140 Speakers featured in this publication. These interns include Shawne Howze (Mansfield Universi- ty), George Specht (Bloomsburg University), Tatiana Toro (Kutztown University), Brenton Davies (In- diana University of Pennsylvania), Brian Gallie (West Chester University), Dan Rothschild (Indiana University of Pennsylvania), Amber Somershoe (Bloomsburg University), Jenna McCarthy (Lock Haven University), and Nicole Fidler (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). We would like to extend special recognition to George Specht, who developed the standard- ized process and template that was used to rework each biography and created a separate electronic file for each Speaker. He also fact-checked and revised 65 biographies during his internship. With the support and encouragement of Speaker Sam Smith and Speaker Mike Turzai, the interns worked on the biographies in chronological phases, relaying on the guidance of the staff of the House Archives which included Archivist Heidi Mays, Heather Deppen, Jennifer Ott, Kristin O’Brassill-Kulfan, and Drew Greenwald. Each of these staff members devoted many years toward researching, writing, editing, and placing this publication online for many to view. The lead- ership of House Archives staff is deeply appreciated. We also wish to thank the Chief Clerk of the House, Dave Reddecliff, for his support of this project and Clancy Myer, House Parliamentarian, for his insights and guidance on various sec- tions of the book. Visual Media Designer, Kellie McCollum, of the House Republican Communi- cations Department, did an outstanding job laying out the publication. Research was completed using the collections of the House Archives, the PA State Library, The Pennsylvania Manual, House of Representatives Legislative Directories, Legislative Journals, newspaper articles, and reliable Internet sources. i Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................... i Letter from Speaker Turzai ..................................................................1 Alphabetical list of Speakers of the Provincial Assembly and the House of Representatives, 1682 –2020 ..............................................2 Chronological list of Speakers of the Provincial Assembly and the House of Representatives, 1682 –2020 ..............................................4 List by County of Speakers of the Provincial Assembly and the House of Representatives, 1682 –2020 ..............................................6 Duties of the Speaker of the House .........................................................9 Speaker of the House Facts ............................................................... 10 The Symbols of Office .................................................................... 12 Biographical Histories of Speakers. 15 Citations .................................................................................228 A Message from Speaker Mike Turzai It is my honor and pleasure to present the fourth edition of “Speakers of the House of Representatives.” We hope you will enjoy learning about the individuals who have presided over this body for the past 337 years. The Pennsylvania House of Representatives predates the United States Congress by more than a century and is the nation’s first independent legislative body. Since its creation in 1682, the House has been led by at least 139 different Speakers. The Speaker of the House is the oldest statewide elected position in Pennsylvania and the only House leadership office mandated by the state Constitution. The Speaker of the Pennsylvania House must be a duly elected member of the body. The Speaker of the House is, by law, the third in line to succeed the Governor, after the Lieutenant Governor and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate. The first meeting of what was then known as the Provincial Assembly convened on December 4, 1682. While the election of the Speaker is not identified in the minutes, Nicholas More and Thomas Wynne potentially filled the role. More than 80 years later, the state’s best-known Speaker, Benjamin Franklin, was elected to the post. A few historical notes may be of interest as you read the biographies. The political affiliations for Speakers during the colonial era of Pennsylvania’s history can be characterized by both religious affiliations and their attitudes toward the Proprietorship. Quakers, as well as several other Christian populations including Anglicans, Presbyterians, and Lutherans, served in the Assembly alongside one another. Pennsylvania’s assembly was often at odds over the amount of power the Proprietor, William Penn, should have in the colony’s government. In this book, affiliations for pre-Revolutionary War Assembly members will note both their religious affiliation (if applicable), as well as their stance on Proprietorship during their time as Speaker. Since Britain did not adopt the Gregorian Calendar until 1752, early records from colonial Pennsylvania before 1752 that refer to the “first month” actually refer to March, not January. In this book, the authors have accounted for this fact and made every effort to accurately reflect dates in the Gregorian calendar. We hope you enjoy the book. If you have any historical questions, please feel free to contact the House Archives Office at 717-783-3866 or www.house.state.pa.us/bmc/archives. Sincerely, Mike Turzai Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives 1 Alphabetical list of Speakers of the Provincial Assembly and the House of Representatives 1682 –2020 Speaker Term County Served Speaker Term County Served Alter, George E . 1913-1914 . Allegheny County Galloway, Joseph . 1766-1769 . Philadelphia County Ambler, Charles A . 1915-1916 . Montgomery County Galloway, Joseph . 1769-1774 . Philadelphia County (1769); Anderson, Samuel . 1832-1833 . Delaware County . Bucks County (1770-1774) Andrews, Hiram G . 1955-1956 . Cambria County Getz, James L . 1857 . Berks County Andrews, Hiram G . 1959-1962 . Cambria County Gilmore, John . 1820-1821 . Allegheny and Butler Baldwin, Richard J . 1917-1918 . Delaware County Counties Bayard, John B . 1777 . Philadelphia County Glass, John P . 1867 . Allegheny County Bayard, John B . 1778-1780 . Philadelphia County Goodnough, C . Jay . 1923-1924 . Cameron County Bayard, John B . 1784-1785 . Philadelphia County Goodnough, C . Jay . 1931-1932 . Cameron County Biddle, Edward . 1774-1775 . Berks County Graham, James L . 1885-1886 . Allegheny County Biles, Jr ., William . 1724-1725 . Bucks County Gray, George . 1783-1784 . Philadelphia County Bingham, William . 1790-1792 . Philadelphia City Growden, Joseph . 1690-1691 . Bucks County Bluett, Thomas . 1925-1927 . Philadelphia County Growden, Joseph . 1693-1694 . Bucks County Blunston, John . 1697 . Chester County Growden, Joseph . 1700-1702 . Bucks County Blunston, John . 1699-1700 . Chester County Growden, Joseph . 1705-1706 . Bucks County Boileau, Nathanial B . 1808 . Montgomery County Growden, Joseph . 1713-1714 . Bucks County Boyer, Henry K . 1887-1890 . Philadelphia County Growden, Joseph . 1715-1716 . Bucks County Boyer, Henry K . 1897-1898 . Philadelphia County Growden, Joseph . 1722-1723 . Bucks County Cessna, John . 1851 . Bedford and Cambria Counties Hamilton, Andrew . 1729-1733 . Bucks County Cessna, John . 1863 . Bedford County Hamilton, Andrew . 1734-1739 . Bucks County Chase, Ezra B . 1854 . Sullivan, Susquehanna, Hamilton, Robert K . 1965-1966 . Beaver County and Wyoming Counties Helm, W . Stuart . 1957-1958 . Armstrong County Clark, John . 1869 . Philadelphia County Helm, W . Stuart . 1963-1964 . Armstrong County Clark, William . 1692 . Sussex County (Delaware) Hess, Aaron B . 1929-1930 . Lancaster County Cook, Arthur . 1689-1690 . Bucks County Hewit, Benjamin
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