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Erzurum Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism ERZURUM WHERE IS IT LOCATED? Erzurum is positioned as the highest city of Turkey with the plateau on which it is located, with mountain ranges and flatlands surrounding it. There are Artvin-Rize on the north, Bayburt-Erzincan on the west, Bingöl-Muş on the south and Ağrı-Kars on the east of Erzurum which is found in the Eastern Anatolia Region. The city spreads to a wide area at the feet of Eğerli Mountain on the Palandöken Mountain Range on the southeastern valley cited with his name on the upper basin of Karasu which is the beginning part of Fırat River. The city has become an important accommodation and trade center leading to the Mediterranean countries for the Iranian-Indian and the Middle Asian trade since the Middle Age. Erzurum, having hosted many civilizations such as Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman, has succeeded to bring prominent works of art like Double Minaret Madrasa, Ulu Mosque, Yahudiye Madrasa and Erzurum Castle to the present. There are also important historical places such as Anı Ancient City (250 km), Ishak Pasha Palace (280 km) close to the city. Erzurum which has advantaged geographical values and natural conditions for High-Altitude Trainings, winter and nature sports draws attention also with its availability. The city center is 10 km away from Erzurum Airport and Palandöken Ski Center is at a distance of only 15 km. As in any developed country, sports becoming popular and bringing up elite competitor athletes are of great importance. Belarus Managing this process successfully is possible by developing a good infrastructure of facilities. New football facilities built in Erzurum raise productivity of Erzurum and its vicinity in the field of football as well as Slovakia they have the characteristic to provide the camp opportunity to the most Karadag significant clubs of our country. I thank, as a sportsman, anyone who has granted their support wishing that Turkey ERZURUM the football field and the camp facilities built in this beautiful city contribute to our country at an ultimate level. Fatih TERİM Technical Director of National Team of Turkey 3 WHAT IS A HIGH ALTITUDE TRAINING? It is gaining sportive productivity from advantaging physiological adaptation formed by altitude hypoxia in the organism. First critical studies in this field were handled due to 1968 Mexican Olympic Games. Athletes who live on a high altitude showing higher performance especially in sports of resistance after Mexico City Olympic Games lead people deservedly to associate high altitude training with performance. Studies conducted have resulted in that hypoxic (low oxygen) exercises provided by high altitude affect athletes in a way of increasing performance and resistance. Human body undergoes a series of changes including an increase in hemoglobin and red blood cells, high breath rate in order to adapt to this height on areas with high altitude. Oxygen carrying capacity of the body rises on high altitude as well as initially an increase in red blood cells. 5 WHAT ARE THE HOW / BENEFITS OF WHERE TO DO HIGH ALTITUDE HIGH ALTITUDE TRAINING? TRAININGS? Adapting the body to the high altitude means the growth of red blood cell The ideal heights to benefit from a high altitude training are between 1800 rate at 30-50%. Therefore, the number of blood cells, hemoglobin and – 2300 m. Heights below 1800 m result in very little stimulation, heights enzymes in muscle tissues of the athletes boost as a result of trainings on above 2800 cause oxygen deficiency. high altitude. This increase is related to the training with low oxygen at the height. The most favorable period is 3-4 weeks. The more often are the trainings In pursuit of high altitude training performed at a proper height and within repeated, the faster is the adaptation. They can be repeated for several a proper period, oxygen-use capacity and hemoglobin level go up and times in a single season. Even a 10-day period (minimum period) in high strengthens muscle tissue in oxygenic and oxygen-free environments. This altitude trainings is effective. training increases the productivity and resistance of the athlete in lower altitudes. Trainers reach to the resistance and productivity expected from the athletes in any branch particularly in training camps of high altitude at the beginning of seasons. 7 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF ERZURUM? Erzurum city center is established on the northeastern of Turkey (41 17 E; 39 55N) between the heights of 1750 – 3176 m. Erzurum has cold summers and severe climate in winters. Downfall is generally as snow in winter and as rain in summer. The number of raining days in summer are pretty low. Coexistence of the effects of high temperature and humidity on athlete’s performance is never seen in Erzurum. Additionally, light winds from the northeast and the east even in warm summer middays get rid of the stress of the warmth. 9 DISTRIBUTION OF ERZURUM BIOCLIMATIC COMFORT VALUES PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE MONTHS In a thesis study in 1995, performances of athletes at the sea level were assessed after they exercised on high altitude in Erzurum and positive Extreme cold Cold Cool features of Erzurum were scientifically approved (Doğar 1995). Slightly cool Comfortable Slightly warm Mild Hot Extreme hot Erzurum, with all these features, can appeal not only to athletes but also to trainings of trainers and referees at a rather high rate. Modernized thermal facilities and both Regional Hospital for Research and Training and Research Hospital of Faculty of Medicine in Atatürk University Bioclimatic comfort values are yet to be used instead of normal temperatures are available to serve for athlete camps in terms of the health of athletes in in the world and they refer to the quality of weather in a field for people. In a Erzurum city center (the town of Aziziye). scientific study (Toy 2010) conducted with the most commonly used PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) Index, values for a total of 44 Erzurum can also offer the opportunity of low prices in accommodation settlement centers including Erzurum have been calculated and Erzurum was because athlete camp seasons coincide with the off-seasons. Other than decided to have rather positive features in terms of human health and field work, there are facilities like fitness center, hamam, sauna for the use performance of athletes. of athletes. Especially that football fields are in the city center close to hotels is for the advantage of the city. Turkey’s Training Center for Olympic Games One of Turkey’s Training Center for Olympic Games to prepare the talented young for Olympics is in Erzurum. Athletes in the fields of boxing, athletics, ice skating and ski are brought up in Erzurum. Olympic Training Center of Erzurum is found at the Ski Jumping Towers. 11 HIGH ALTITUDE ATHLETE CAMPS IN ERZURUM Service sector, stock-breeding and winter tourism are the main areas of activity in the historical city dating back to 6-7 thousand years. Beside the sport facilities established by the public and intended for winter tourism, there are 5 private accommodation facilities. Total bed capacity of these facilities are over 2000. In addition to these facilities, there are 3 star hotels in the city center. Erzurum successfully hosted major national and international sports organizations (UNIVERSIADE 2011). 13 In terms of suitable football fields for trainings, there are 11 fields in total in Erzurum, 2 inside Atatürk University and 9 including the ones which are planned around the stadium and in the town of Aziziye in addition to Kazım Karabekir Stadium belonging to the Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports. Besides, there are 5 fields which were began to be established inside the town Palandöken of Erzurum Metropolitan Municipality. All training fields are of UEFA standards. Name of the Facility Height Distance to the Distance to the City Center Mountain Hotels Kazım Karabekir Stadium 1825-1829–1830- 0 7,1 km and the Fields Around 1833–1835–1836-1840 University 1 1880–1887–1890 0 5,3 km 1900 University 2 (Roadside of Cat 1900–1910 0 5,3 km Highway) Kayakyolu Sport Area 1980-1990-2000-2200 0 2,1 km 1979-2006 Agencies who organize summer and winter camps of football clubs examined fields in Erzurum and visited Vali Ahmet Altıparmak in his Office. (12.11.2013) 15 WINTER SPORTS FACILITIES IN ERZURUM Erzurum containing Palandöken, Konaklı and Kandilli ski centers serves winter tourism and sport clubs with ice halls and ski jumping towers. SKI JUMPING TOWERS: They are found at Kiremitliktepe on Erzurum-Cad Highway on the north of Palandöken Ski Center. They became one of the symbols of Erzurum 2011 Universiade Winter Games with the height of 125 m and their crescent shape. The facilities include two jumping towers and platforms for K125 and K95 competitions and three training platforms of K65, K40 and K20. According to the sea level, the peak of K95 jumping tower is at 1.995 m, its lowest point is at 1.902 m; the peak of K125 jumping tower is at 1.995 m and its lowest point is at 1.902 m. 17 ICE HOCKEY HALLS: There are two halls designed for men and women. The halls are found inside the Cemal Gürsel Sport Complex. Ice Hockey Hall for Men with dimensions of 60 x 30 m has a seat capacity of 3000. And Ice Hockey Hall for Women has a seat capacity of 500 people and is in dimensions of 60 m x 30 m. CURLING ARENA: The facility found in Mecidiye Quarter has 5 curling competition area and a seat capacity of 1000 people. This sport area has individual rooms for referee, jury, chief referee, technical delegation and 4 rooms for athletes.