Curriculum Vitae

LINDA E. CARTER Distinguished Professor of Law Emerita University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law 3200 Fifth Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817 (+1) 916 267 4765 [email protected]

Recent Activities: • Consultant for the defence in the Ongwen case at the International Criminal Court • Co-author of a Guide for the evaluation of the deterrent effect of international criminal courts on atrocity crimes • Taught International Criminal Law, McGeorge School of Law, January 2020 • Lecturer, International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2019 • Head of delegation for American NGO Coalition for the ICC (AMICC) to the Assembly of States Parties for the International Criminal Court, The Hague, December 2018 • Moderator, Panel on The ILC’s Current Topics from the Perspective of Progressive Development of International Law and its Codification, Symposium on The Role and Contributions of the ILC to the Development of International Law, Florida International University College of Law, Miami, Florida, October 2018 • Lecturer, Nuremberg Principles Summer Academy, Nuremberg, Germany, August 2017 and August 2018 • Moderator and panelist, Reconsidering the International Legal Order Symposium Honoring Chris Blakesley, University of Nevada, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 2017

Recent Publications: • TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK: THE DETERRENT EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS (TOAEP 2017) (co-edited with Jennifer Schense). • THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN AN EFFECTIVE GLOBAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (Edward Elgar 2016) (with Mark Ellis and Charles Jalloh). • UNDERSTANDING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT LAW (LexisNexis, 4th ed. forthcoming 2018) (with Ellen Kreitzberg and Scott Howe). • Forward to the Global Center Symposium on Crimes Without Borders: In Search of an International Justice System, 48 University of the Pacific Law Review i (2017). 1

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EDUCATION University of Utah College of Law University of Illinois Salt Lake City, Utah Champaign-Urbana, Illinois Juris Doctorate (J.D.), 1978 B.A., Psychology, 1974

Honors and Activities: Associate Editor, UTAH LAW REVIEW

EMPLOYMENT August 2016 – Present Distinguished Professor of Law Emerita University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law

June 1985 to August 2016 Distinguished Professor of Law (2013-2016) Professor of Law (1991-2013) Co-Director, Global Center for Business and Development (2012-2014) Director, Legal Infrastructure and International Justice Institute (2010-2012) Director, Criminal Justice Concentration (2000-2001; 2005-2006) Associate Professor (1987-1991) Assistant Professor (1985-1987) University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, Teaching areas include Evidence, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Capital Punishment Law, International Criminal Law, and Comparative Legal Systems. Also co-taught a Criminal Appellate Advocacy Clinic, supervising students in writing opening briefs for the defense in the Court of Appeals.

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Spring 2012 Fall 2008 Visiting Professor Visiting Professor University of Nevada, Las Vegas Louisiana State University Law Center Boyd School of Law Baton Rouge, Louisiana Las Vegas, Nevada Criminal Law and International Criminal Law and Capital Punishment Law Capital Punishment Law

Summer 1990 Spring Semester 1985 Visiting Professor Adjunct Professor University of Utah College of Law University of Utah College of Law Salt Lake City, Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Advanced Criminal Procedure Trial Advocacy

March 1981 to May 1985 Attorney, Salt Lake Legal Defender Association Salt Lake City, Utah Trial and appellate defense work in state court criminal misdemeanor and felony cases. In this position, I tried about 30 jury trials and negotiated many resolutions to cases. The cases ranged from misdemeanor shoplifting to felony murder and included a capital case. The appeals were directly to the Utah Supreme Court and involved writing the briefs and arguing the cases before the Court.

September 1978 to March 1981 Trial Attorney, Honors Program Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice Washington, D.C. Civil litigation in federal courts in the areas of voting, housing, credit, and education. Received a special commendation from the Attorney General in 1980 primarily for trial work on a Texas case involving the right of undocumented alien children to attend public schools; the case reached the Supreme Court sub nom. Plyler v. Doe.

AWARDS 2013-2016, Distinguished Professor, Pacific McGeorge School of Law 2015 Day Division Teacher of the Law, Pacific McGeorge School of Law (shared with Professor Christine Manolakas) 2011 University of the Pacific Podesto Award 2008 Day Division Teacher of the Year, Pacific McGeorge School of Law 2005 Day Division Teacher of the Year, Pacific McGeorge School of Law

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2002 University of the Pacific Eberhardt Teacher/Scholar Award 2001 Day Division Teacher of the Year, Pacific McGeorge School of Law

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES Member, International Bar Association War Crimes Committee Advisory Group American Law Institute Utah State Bar Association Association of American Law Schools California Attorneys for Criminal Justice National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers American Society of International Law International Bar Association International Criminal Bar

PUBLICATIONS Jennifer Schense and Linda Carter, eds., TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK: THE DETERRENT EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS (TOAEP 2017).

Linda E. Carter, Mark S. Ellis, and Charles Chernor Jalloh, THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN AN EFFECTIVE GLOBAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (Edward Elgar 2016).

Linda E. Carter, Ellen S. Kreitzberg, and Scott W. Howe, UNDERSTANDING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT LAW (LexisNexis, 4th ed. forthcoming 2017).

Linda E. Carter, Forward to the Global Center Symposium on Crimes Without Borders: In Search of an International Justice System, 48 University of the Pacific Law Review i (2017).

Linda E. Carter, International Judicial Trials, Truth Commissions, and Gacaca: Developing a Framework for Transitional Justice from the Experiences in Sierra Leone and Rwanda in THE SIERRA LEONE SPECIAL COURT AND ITS LEGACY: THE IMPACT FOR AFRICA AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW (Charles C. Jalloh ed., Cambridge University Press, 2014).

Linda E. Carter, The Future of the International Criminal Court: Complementarity as a Strength or a Weakness?,” 12 Wash. U. Global Studies L. Rev. 451 (2013).

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Linda Carter and Fausto Pocar, eds., INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: THE INTERFACE OF CIVIL LAW AND COMMON LAW LEGAL SYSTEMS (Edward Elgar 2013).

Linda E. Carter, The Evolution of Justice Kennedy’s Eighth Amendment Jurisprudence on Categorical Bars in Capital Cases, 44 McGeorge Law Review 229 (2013).

Linda E. Carter, Ellen Kreitzberg, and Scott M. Howe, UNDERSTANDING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT LAW (3rd edition, LexisNexis 2012).

Linda E. Carter, Torture and the War on Terror: The Need for Consistent Definitions and Remedies, 6 Journal of National Security Law and Policy 291 (2012).

Linda E. Carter, The International Criminal Court in 2021, 18 Journal of International Law 199 (2011).

Carter, Blakesley and Henning, GLOBAL ISSUES IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (Thomson/West 2011).

Linda E. Carter, The Challenge of “Firsts” in International Criminal Justice: First Courts, First Judges, and Issues of First Impression, essay included in Eboe-Osuji (ed.), PROTECTING HUMANITY: ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY IN HONOUR OF NAVANETHEM PILLAY (Martinus Nijhoff 2010).

Linda E. Carter, The Principle of Complementarity and the International Criminal Court: The Role of Ne Bis in Idem, 8 Santa Clara J. Int’l L. 165 (2010).

Mary-Beth Moylan and Linda E. Carter, Clemency in California Capital Cases, 14 Berkeley J. of Crim. L. 37 (2009).

Linda E. Carter, Le développement de la procédure pénale internationale : Le défi d’un mélange entre les systèmes de droit romano-germanique et de la common law (Developing International Criminal Procedure : The Challenge of Blending Civil and Common Law Legal Systems), available at http://fsjp.ucad.sn/images/stories/fsjp/lejpocarter.doc.

Linda E. Carter, The Importance of Understanding Criminal Justice Principles in the Context of International Criminal Procedure: The Case of Admitting Evidence on Appeal, in Gabriella Venturini and Stefania Bariatti (eds.), LIBER FAUSTO POCAR: INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE (Giuffre Editore 2009).

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Linda E. Carter, Ellen Kreitzberg, and Scott M. Howe, UNDERSTANDING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT LAW (2nd ed., LexisNexis 2008).

Linda E. Carter, Justice and Reconciliation on Trial: Gacaca Trials in Rwanda, 14 N.E. J. Int’l & Comp. L. 41 (2007).

Linda E. Carter, Christopher L. Blakesley, and Peter J. Henning, GLOBAL ISSUES IN CRIMINAL LAW (Thomson/West 2007).

Ellen Kreitzberg and Linda E. Carter, Innocent of a Capital Crime: Parallels Between Innocence of a Crime and Innocence of the Death Penalty, 42 Tulsa L. Rev. 437 (2006).

Gevurtz, Carter, et al., Report Regarding the Pacific McGeorge Workshop on Globalizing the Law School Curriculum, 19 Pac. McGeorge Glob. Bus. & Dev. L.J. 1 (2006).

Linda E. Carter, Lessons from Avena: The Inadequacy of Clemency and Judicial Proceedings for Violations of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 15 Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 259 (2005).

Linda E. Carter, Performance and Application in Small Groups, in Steven Friedland & Gerald F. Hess, Teaching the Law School Curriculum (Carolina Academic Press 2004).

Linda E. Carter and Ellen Kreitzberg, UNDERSTANDING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT LAW (LexisNexis 2004).

Linda E. Carter, Compliance with ICJ Provisional Measures and the Meaning of Review and Reconsideration under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mex. v. U.S.), 25 Mich. J. Int’l L. 117 (2003).

Linda E. Carter, The Sporting Approach to Harmless Error in Criminal Cases: The Supreme Court’s “No Harm, No Foul” Debacle in Neder v. United States, 28 Am. J. Crim. L. 229 (2001).

Linda E. Carter, The Rights of Foreign Nationals Under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 2001 CACJ/CPDA Capital Case Seminar Materials, available through Amnesty International at [email protected] or on request from author.

Linda E. Carter and John Cary Sims, The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and the Rights of Non-Citizen Criminal Defendants: The Lessons of Breard, 9 CALIFORNIA DEFENDER 47 (1999).

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John Cary Sims and Linda E. Carter, Representing Foreign Nationals: The Emerging Importance of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations as a Defense Tool, 22- Sept./Oct. THE CHAMPION 28 (1998).

Linda E. Carter, Intermediate Scrutiny Under Fire: Will Plyler Survive State Legislation to Exclude Undocumented Children from School? 31 UNIV. SAN FRAN. L. REV. 345 (1997).

Linda E. Carter, Harmless Error in the Penalty Phase of a Capital Case: A Doctrine Misunderstood and Misapplied, 28 GA. L. REV. 125 (1993).

Linda E. Carter, Admitting Matters of Mind, THE RECORDER, September 2, 1992.

Linda E. Carter, Beyond a Reasonable Doubt in Death Penalty Proceedings: The Neglected Element of Fairness, 52 OHIO ST. L.J. 195 (1991).

Linda E. Carter, The Admissibility of Expert Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Cases: Retire Kelly-Frye and Return to a Traditional Analysis, 22 LOY. L.A.L. REV. 1103 (1989).

John E. B. Myers, and Linda E. Carter, Proof of Physical Child Abuse, 53 MO. L. REV. 1 (1988).

Linda E. Carter, Maintaining Systemic Integrity in Capital Cases: The Use of Court- Appointed Counsel to Present Mitigating Evidence When the Defendant Advocates Death, 55 TENN. L. REV. 95 (1987).

Linda E. Carter, Note, Title VII in the Supreme Court: Equal Employment Opportunity Bows to Seniority Rights, 1978 UTAH LAW REVIEW 249.

SELECTED PRESENTATIONS AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

April 2018- present, Consultant for the defence in the Ongwen case at the International Criminal Court

Co-author of a Guide for the evaluation of the deterrent effect of international criminal courts on atrocity crimes

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Taught International Criminal Law, McGeorge School of Law, January 2020

Lecturer, International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2019

Head of delegation for American Coalition of NGOs for the ICC (AMICC) to the Assembly of States Parties for the International Criminal Court, The Hague, December 2018.

Moderator, Panel on The ILC’s Current Topics from the Perspective of Progressive Development of International Law and its Codification, Symposium on The Role and Contributions of the ILC to the Development of International Law, Florida International University College of Law, Miami, Florida, October 2018.

Member of delegation for American Coalition of NGOs for the ICC (AMICC) to the Assembly of States Parties for the International Criminal Court, December 2017.

Lecturer, Nuremberg Principles Summer Academy, Nuremberg, Germany, August 2016, August 2017, and August 2018.

Panelist, Know Impartiality, Know Justice, California Judicial Academy Cow County Conference, Sacramento, California, June 2017 and at the University of Santa Clara School of Law, Santa Clara, California, October 2017.

Moderator and panelist, Reconsidering the International Legal Order, Symposium Honoring Chris Blakesley, University of Nevada, William S. Boyd School of Law, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 2017.

Speaker, International Symposium on Evaluation for Capital Sentencing, Judges Academy, Taipei, Taiwan, November 2016.

Panelist, Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: The Deterrent Effect of International Criminal Tribunals, International Nuremberg Principles Academy and the Government of Germany, 15th Session of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court, The Hague, The Netherlands, November 2016.

Participant and honoree, Crimes Without Borders: In Search of an International Criminal Justice System, University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, California, March 2016.

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Taught International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2016.

Co-facilitator (with Jarrod Wong), Rule of Law: Faculty Initiatives and the Role of US Law Schools, Annual Conference of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS), New York City, New York, January 2016.

Chief of Delegation, American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court (AMICC), Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court, The Hague, The Netherlands, November 2015.

Panelist, Global Civil Society & Europe: What can be done to advance international justice?, co-sponsored by Luxembourg, the European Union, and the Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC) at the ICC’s Assembly of States Parties session, The Hague, The Netherlands, November 2015.

Presenter, Current Status of the US-ICC Relationship, sponsored by CICC at the ICC’s Assembly of States Parties session, The Hague, The Netherlands, November 2015.

Participant in Workshop on Advancing Universal Jurisdiction, Florida State University Center for the Advancement of Human Rights, Tallahassee, Florida, November 2015.

Moderator, Rethinking Rape Shield Laws, Symposium on Sex Crimes and Offenses in an Era of Reform, University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, California, November 2015.

Presenter on Introduction to International Criminal Law, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, September 2015.

Taught International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2015.

Consultant and interviewer, ICTY and ICTR Oral History Project, The Hague, The Netherlands, May 2015.

Research interviews on War Crimes Chamber, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June 2015.

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Co-Director (with Richard Goldstone), Brandeis Institute for International Judges, International Courts, Local Actors, Valletta, Malta, January 2015.

Participation in AMICC delegation to the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court, United Nations, NYC, December 2014.

Moderator, Panel on Promoting Accountability for Human Rights Violations - Forging Effective and Efficient Litigation of International Atrocity Crimes, sponsored by the International Criminal Justice Consortium and The Netherlands, NYC, December 2014.

Taught International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2014.

Moderator, Punishment and Sentencing in International Criminal Courts, American Society of International Law conference, Washington, D.C., April 2014.

Moderator and panelist, Converging Trends in Legal Education: Globalization Meets Experiential Education, International Legal Education Abroad Conference, American University, Washington College of Law, Washington, D.C., April 2014.

Panelist, Stop and Frisk issues for Diversity Week, Pacific McGeorge School of Law, February 12, 2014.

Lecturer and consultant on International Criminal Law in a project sponsored by the International Law Institute-African Centre for Legal Excellence, conducted at Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe, and at the University of Nairobi, Kenya, December 2013.

Presentation on The Turbulent Relationships of the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions: The Libya Tempest and the Kenya Mutiny, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, October 2013.

Panelist, International Bar Association Annual Conference, Justice for Rwanda: Did the International Criminal Tribunal Achieve Its Aims?, Boston, Massachusetts, October 2013.

Panelist, Discussion of documentary Gideon’s Army, Pacific McGeorge School of Law, October 24, 2013.

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Co-Director (with Richard Goldstone), Brandeis Institute for International Judges, The International Rule of Law in a Human Rights Era, Lund, Sweden, July 2013.

Director, Law and Development Practicum, Kampala Uganda, May 19-June 8, 2013.

Taught International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2013.

Coached students for Pace University International Criminal Court moot court competition, February 2013.

Speaker, Sacramento Protect and Defend Bar program on my experiences in litigating the In re Alien Children Education Litigation case at the trial level in Texas (in the United States Supreme Court sub nom. Plyler v. Doe), February 2013.

Lecturer on International Criminal Law in a project sponsored by the International Law Institute-African Centre for Legal Excellence, conducted at the University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone, January 2013.

Panelist, Imagining the Future of the ICC at “International Criminal Court at Ten” conference, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, November 2012.

Panelist, International Judicial Trials, Truth Commissions, and Gacaca: Developing a Framework for Transitional Justice from the Experiences in Sierra Leone and Rwanda at a conference on the legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, April 2012.

Co-director (with Richard Goldstone), Brandeis Institute for International Judges, Carmona, The International Rule of Law: Coordination and Collaboration in Global Justice, Carmona, Spain, January 2012.

Taught International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2012.

Taught International Criminal Law in the Southwestern Law School summer program, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, June 2012.

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Co-organizer and participant, Workshop, Intercultural Legal Competence, Pacific McGeorge School of Law Global Center, Lake Tahoe, California, August 2011.

Taught International Criminal Law in the Southwestern Law School summer program, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, June 2011.

Organizer and moderator, Symposium, The Impact and Implementation of Human Rights Norms, Pacific McGeorge School of Law, March 2011.

Coached Pace/ICLN International Criminal Court Moot Court Team in regional competition at Pace University, New York (January 2011), and in final competition in The Hague, The Netherlands (April 2011).

Supervised student research on pretrial detention issues under the laws of Vietnam and Uganda for International Bridges to Justice, Spring Semester 2011.

Panelist, Defence at International Criminal Tribunals, International Bar Association conference, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, October 2010.

Panelist, The International Criminal Court in 2021, conference on International Law in 2021, Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, California, February 2011.

Taught International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2011.

Taught American criminal procedure in the Masters II program at the l’Université Paul Cézanne, Aix-en-Provence, France, November-December 2010.

Co-Director (with Richard Goldstone), Brandeis Institute for International Judges, Towards an International Rule of Law, Salzburg, Austria, July 2010.

Taught International Criminal Law in the Pacific McGeorge summer program in Salzburg, Austria, July 2010.

Moderator, The Blending of Civil and Common Law Traditions: The Pioneering Role of the Italian Criminal Justice System and the Development of International Criminal Courts, Inaugural Series Event, Pacific McGeorge School of Law, April 2010.

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Moderator, Ethics for Judges and Tribunals: An International Perspective, Judicial Ethics and Accountability: At Home and Abroad, Pacific McGeorge School of Law, April 2010.

Taught International Criminal Procedure in the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) Master of Laws in International Crime and Justice, Turin, Italy, March 2010.

Guest lecturer, Torture and the War on Terror: The Need for Consistent Definitions and Remedies, Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze Giuridiche Dottorato in Diritto internazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, March 2010.

Coached students for Pace University International Criminal Court moot court competition, January 2010.

Guest Speaker, Le développement de la procédure pénale internationale : Le défi d’un mélange entre les systèmes de droit romano-germanique et de la common law (Developing International Criminal Procedure : The Challenge of Blending Civil and Common Law Legal Systems, Laboratoire d’Études Juridiques et Politiques (LEJPO), University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal, May 2, 2009.

Taught International Criminal Law at Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal, April-May 2009.

Panelist, Complementarity and the International Criminal Court, Symposium on the Future of International Criminal Justice, Santa Clara University School of Law, March 2009.

Moderator for Piracy Off the Coast of Somalia: Challenges to Deterrence, Pursuit, and Prosecution, ASIL-West program at Pacific McGeorge School of Law, Sacramento, March 2009.

Co-Director of the Brandeis Institute for International Judges, International Justice: Past, Present, and Future, Port of Spain, Trinidad, January 2009. Co-moderator for session on International Criminal Justice in a Human Rights Era.

Guest Speaker, Clemency in Capital Cases: Illusory Promise or Final Safeguard?, presentation to faculty of Louisiana State University Law Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, November 2008.

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Participant, The Public/Private Law Divide in International Law, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, September 2008.

Speaker, Overview of the Jurisprudence of the U.S. Supreme Court on the Death Penalty, presentation to judges from Louisiana and Mississippi, Judicial College, New Orleans, Louisiana, August 2008.

Panelist on The Decision of the United States Supreme Court in the Medellin Case (the effect of a decision of the International Court of Justice in U.S. cases involving the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations), McGeorge School of Law, April 2008.

Taught International Criminal Law at the St. Petersburg Summer Law Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, July 2008 (program co-sponsored by the University of Arkansas, Cleveland State University, and Pacific McGeorge).

Consultant and Presenter, 2nd West African Judicial Colloquium: Promoting Judicial Independence and Access to Global Jurisprudence, Accra, Ghana, October 2007.

Co-Director of the Brandeis Institute for International Judges, Independence and Interdependence: The Delicate Balance of International Justice, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, July 2007.

Legal Researcher, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Arusha, Tanzania, May- June 2007.

Visiting Professional in Chambers, International Criminal Court, The Hague, The Netherlands, January-March 2007.

Lecture, Justice and Reconciliation on Trial: Gacaca Proceedings in Rwanda, Appeals Chamber, International Criminal Court, The Hague, The Netherlands, March 2007.

Panelist, Justice in Africa: The Interrelationship of Local, National, and International Responses in Rwanda, African Studies Association conference, San Francisco, California, November 2006.

Panelist, Genocide and the Law: Making Human Rights Count, and Workshop Leader, Post-Panel Breakout Session on Human Rights: How Can Lawyers Shape the Future of Responses to Genocide? Prosecutorial, Judicial, and Legislative Roles, Shaking the Foundations Conference, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, October 2006.

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Panelist at ASIL Conference, Globalizing the Law School Curriculum, April 2006, Washington, DC.

Amicus brief for NACDL in case seeking rehearing en banc in 9th Circuit on issue of test for assessing scope of foreign commerce clause.

Moderator, Applying International Models of Justice to the U.S. System, Conference on The Faces of Wrongful Conviction, University of California—Los Angeles, April 2006.

Co-Director, Brandeis Institute for International Judges, Dakar, Senegal, January 2006. Conducted sessions on Harmonizing Legal Systems and on Gacaca, Truth Commissions, and Other Alternatives to a Judicial Process.

Presenter, Application of International Law in Domestic Death Penalty Cases, Brandeis University’s West African Colloquium, Dakar, Senegal, January 2006.

Speaker, Post-Conviction Roadblocks to Compliance with the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: Lessons from Avena, Distinguished Speakers Series, University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, November 2005.

Workshop on International Issues in Death Penalty Cases, California Appellate Project, San Francisco, November 2005.

Lecture and Workshop, The Defense Function in the Upcoming Khmer Rouge Tribunal, Documentation Center of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, August 2005.

Moderator for the Criminal Law workshop at the Tahoe Globalizing the Law School Curriculum conference, August 2005.

Research on Gacaca trials in Rwanda, July 2005.

Moderator of discussion of film on war crimes against women, Calling the Ghosts, community forum in Sacramento, California, 2005.

Moderator, California’s Death Penalty: Separating Fact from Fiction, American Constitution Society, University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, March 2005.

Speaker, International Law and the Death Penalty, School of International Studies, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, March 2005.

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Panelist, Application of International Treaty Rights and Customary International Law in Capital Cases, Second World Congress Against the Death Penalty, Montreal, Canada, October 2004.

Commentator, Prosecuting and Defending War Crimes in International Tribunals: Is Justice Being Served?, McGeorge School of Law, September 2004.

Presenter, Miscarriages of Justice: The Inadequacy of Clemency and Judicial Proceedings for Violations of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, International Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, Montreal, Canada, August 2004.

Rapporteur, Brandeis Institute for International Judges, Salzburg, Austria, June 2004.

Speaker, Mexico v. United States in the International Court of Justice, Sacramento Chapter of the United Nations Association, February 2004.

Speaker/Commentator, Debate, Discussion & Decision: Can a Military Tribunal Protect the Rights of the Guantanamo Bay Detainees?, McGeorge School of Law, February 2004.

Rapporteur, Brandeis Institute for International Judges, Salzburg, Austria, July 2003.

Commentator on presentation by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus on Witness Memory, McGeorge School of Law, March 26, 2003.

Speaker, International Issues in Capital Cases, 2003 Capital Defense Seminar, sponsored by the California Attorneys for Criminal Justice (CACJ) and the California Public Defender Association (CPDA), Monterey, California, February 15, 2003.

Presentation on The Trial Advocacy Model of Mastery and Feedback in a Substantive Course, McGeorge School of Law, April 2002.

Moderator, Conference on Leadership Issues in Criminal Justice Policy, University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, June 5, 2002.

Presentation/Workshop on The Trial Advocacy Model of Mastery and Feedback in a Substantive Course (Or: How to Know if Anyone Really Understands Hearsay), Teaching Law Institute, Gonzaga University School of Law, Spokane, Washington, July 2001.

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Presentation on The Rights of Foreign Nationals Under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 2001 Capital Case Defense Seminar, sponsored by the California Attorneys for Criminal Justice (CACJ) and the California Public Defender Association (CPDA), Monterey, California, February 2001.

Presentation on The Medicate-to-Execute Dilemma in Death Penalty Cases in the United States, at the annual conference of the International Association of Law and Mental Health, Siena, Italy, July 2000.

Presentation on The Constitutional Status of the Death Penalty, Forum on The Catholic- Jewish Dialogue: Crime, Punishment, and the Death Penalty, co-sponsored by the Catholic Diocese of Sacramento, the Jewish Community Relations Council, and the McGeorge Criminal Law Forum, September 1, 2000.

Presentations on Criminal Procedure, Harmless Error, and Representing Foreign Nationals for the Capital Appellate Advocacy Program, October 1999 and July 1998.

Presentation to the McGeorge faculty (with John Sims) on Of Foreigners and Federalism, Sacramento, California, 1999.

Moderator for panel discussion, The Death Penalty from Trial to Execution: A Timely Process?, sponsored by the McGeorge Criminal Law Forum, April 1999.

Participant in the Anthony M. Kennedy Inn of Court, September 1997-2000.

Drafted questions on Criminal Law for the Michigan Bar, November 1996.

Testified before the State Senate Criminal Procedure Committee on A.B. 882, which amended the California Evidence Code to permit character evidence of sexual misconduct, Sacramento, June 1995.

Panelist, Proposition 187: Its Implications for Regional Immigration Policy, Conference of Western Alliance of Farmworker Advocates, Sacramento, October 1994.

Moderator, Proposition 187: Illegal Aliens, sponsored by the Women Democrats of Sacramento County and the McGeorge Democrat Club, Sacramento, August 1994. The program was also shown on television.