Bethlehem Master Plan
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Bethlehem Master Plan Bethlehem, New Hampshire 2004 Bethlehem Master Plan Bethlehem, New Hampshire 2004 Prepared by the Citizens of Bethlehem Adopted by the Bethlehem Planning Board __________ Compilation and editing by Cover Photo: Aerial view of Bethlehem town Jeffrey H. Taylor & Associates, Inc. center looking west. Concord, New Hampshire Photo courtesy of photographer Paul Lister, Bethlehem, and pilot Bruce Blaney, Bethlehem, flying an American Champion Super Decathlon 8KCAB owned by Susan Simpson, Franconia. Map creation by Inside Photos: Provided by Tanya Tellman, North Country Council, Inc. Stanley Harrison, and Lon Weston. Bethlehem, New Hampshire ADOPTION OF BETHLEHEM, NEW HAMPSHIRE MASTER PLAN In accordance with New Hampshire RSA 674:4, Master Plan Adoption and Amendment, and New Hampshire RSA 675:6, Method of Adoption, the Bethlehem Planning Board, having held duly authorized public hearings on the Bethlehem Master Plan on June 9, 2004 and June 30, 2004 hereby adopts and certifies the Master Plan dated July 2004. John Seely, Chairman Roland Shick, Vice Chairman Kristen Reinhold, Exofficio Harold Friedman Alecia Loveless David Tellman Erin Woo, Alternate Matthew MacKinnon Tandy Brown, Bethlehem Town Clerk Date of Signature by Planning Board Date Filed: NOTE: The original document with original signatures is on file with the Town Clerk. III TABLE OF CONTENTS ADOPTION STATEMENT III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV INTRODUCTION IX CHAPTER 1 – A VISION FOR BETHLEHEM 1.0 Vision Statement 1-1 1.1 Goals 1-2 1.2 Objectives 1-4 CHAPTER 2 – LAND USE AND COMMUNITY DESIGN 2.0 Introduction 2-1 2.1 Existing Land Use 2-1 2.1.1 Transportation 2-2 2.1.2 Current Use Assessment 2-2 2.1.3 Residential Development 2-3 2.1.4 Village Center 2-5 2.1.5 Commercial Strips 2-6 2.1.6 Commercial/Industrial Development 2-6 2.1.7 Interstate 93 Interchanges 2-7 2.1.8 Recreation 2-8 2.1.9 Town Properties 2-8 2.1.10 Sand and Gravel Excavations 2-9 2.1.11 Commercial Landfill Operations 2-10 2.1.12 Open Space 2-12 2.2 Planning History in Bethlehem 2-13 2.2.1 Land Use Ordinances and Regulations 2-14 2.2.2 Enforcement of Ordinances and Regulations 2-16 2.2.3 Town Planner 2-17 2.3 Future Land Use and Community Design 2-17 2.3.1 Future Land Use Plan 2-18 2.3.2 Community Design 2-18 CHAPTER 3 – TRANSPORTATION 3.0 Introduction 3-1 3.1 Existing Transportation Facilities 3-2 3.1.1 Roadway Classification 3-2 3.1.2 State Highways 3-4 3.1.3 Local Streets and Roads 3-4 IV 3.1.4 Scenic Roads 3-7 3.1.5 Traffic Counts 3-7 3.1.6 Multi-use Trails and Paths 3-9 3.1.7 Problem Areas 3-9 3.2 Public Transportation Facilities 3-10 3.2.1 Railroads 3-10 3.2.2 Air Facilities 3-10 3.2.3 Bus Service 3-10 3.2.4 Park and Ride Lots 3-11 3.3 Special Transportation Issues 3-11 3.3.1 Access Management 3-11 3.3.2 Traffic Calming 3-11 3.3.3 Context Sensitive Solutions 3-12 3.3.4 State Transportation Planning and Legislation 3-12 CHAPTER 4 – COMMUNITY FACILITIES 4.0 Introduction 4-1 4.1 Town Building 4-1 4.2 Library 4-2 4.3 Fire Department 4-3 4.4 Police Department 4-5 4.5 Highway Department 4-6 4.6 Swimming Pool 4-6 4.7 Cemeteries 4-7 4.8 Educational Facilities 4-7 4.9 Non-Profit Organizations 4-9 CHAPTER 5 – UTILITIES AND PUBLIC SERVICES 5.0 Introduction 5-1 5.1 Electricity 5-1 5.2 Telephone Service 5-1 5.3 Cable Television 5-2 5.4 Telecommunications Facilities 5-2 5.5 Solid Waste 5-3 5.5.1 Landfill 5-3 5.5.2 Transfer Station 5-3 5.5.3 Village District Waste Collection 5-4 5.5.4 Wastewater Collection 5-4 5.6 Water Supply 5-5 CHAPTER 6 – POPULATION AND HOUSING 6.0 Introduction 6-1 6.1 Population 6-2 V 6.1.1 Populations Trends 6-2 6.1.2 Populations Projections 6-3 6.1.3 Net Migration 6-4 6.1.4 Seasonal Population 6-4 6.1.5 Population Distribution 6-5 6.2 Housing 6-6 6.2.1 Introduction 6-6 6.2.2 Housing Supply 6-6 6.2.3 Ownership Trends 6-7 6.2.4 Housing Characteristics 6-8 6.2.5 Cost of Housing 6-9 6.2.6 Senior Housing 6-10 6.2.7 Manufactured Housing 6-10 6.2.8 Condominiums 6-11 6.2.9 Town Regulations 6-11 CHAPTER 7 – ECONOMY 7.0 Introduction 7-1 7.1 Employment 7-2 7.2 Income 7-5 7.3 Local Economy 7-6 CHAPTER 8 – NATURAL RESOURCES 8.0 Introduction 8-1 8.1 Climate 8-1 8.2 Topography 8-2 8.3 Slope 8-3 8.4 Bedrock Geology 8-4 8.5 Surficial Geology 8-4 8.6 Gravel Excavations 8-5 8.7 Soils 8-5 8.8 Water Resources 8-7 8.8.1 Surface Water 8-7 8.8.2 Lakes and Ponds 8-8 8.8.3 Impoundments 8-9 8.8.4 Wetlands 8-10 8.8.5 Floodplains 8-10 8.8.6 Shoreland Protection 8-11 8.8.7 Existing Water Resources 8-12 8.8.8 Water Quality 8-15 8.9 Non-Point Pollution Sources 8-15 8.9.1 Point Pollution Sources 8-18 8.10 Vegetation 8-18 VI 8.11 Fish and Wildlife 8-20 8.12 Scenic Resources 8-23 8.13 Conservation Land 8-24 CHAPTER 9 – RECREATION 9.0 Introduction 9-1 9.1 Existing Recreation Facilities 9-1 9.1.1 Bethlehem Country Club 9-1 9.1.2 Town Swimming Pool and Playground 9-2 9.1.3 Tennis Courts 9-2 9.1.4 Baseball Fields 9-2 9.1.5 Skating Rink and Skate Park 9-2 9.1.6 Basketball Courts 9-2 9.1.7 School Facilities 9-2 9.1.8 Snowmobile Trails 9-3 9.1.9 Hiking Trails 9-3 9.2 Regional Facilities 9-3 9.3 Summary 9-3 CHAPTER 10 – CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES 10.0 Introduction 10-1 10.1 The Bethlehem Heritage Society (BHS) 10-2 10.1.1 Historic Resource Survey 10-2 10.1.2 National Register of Historic Places 10-3 10.2 Local Regulations 10-4 10.3 Historic Preservation Tools 10-5 10.4 Historical Preservation Plan 10-8 10.5 Summary 10-8 CHAPTER 11 – REGIONAL CONCERNS 11.0 Introduction 11-1 11.1 Bethlehem’s Role in the Region 11-1 11.2 Regional Groups and Organizations 11-2 CHAPTER 12 – IMPLEMENTATION 12.0 Introduction 12-1 12.1 Land Use 12-1 12.2 Transportation 12-3 12.3 Community Facilities 12-3 12.4 Utilities and Public Services 12-4 12.5 Population and Housing 12-4 12.6 Economy 12-5 12.7 Natural Resources 12-5 VII 12.8 Recreation 12-6 12.9 Cultural and Historic Resources 12-7 12.10 Regional Concerns 12-7 APPENDIX 1 – MAPS A Existing Land Use B Future Land Use C Town Facilities D Educational Facilities E Sewer and Water Service Areas F Topography G Slope Analysis H Sand and Gravel Deposits I Development Capability J Water Resources K Watersheds L Dam Inventory M Wetlands N Point and Non-Point Pollution Sources O Vegetation P Deer Yard Inventory Q Scenic Resources APPENDIX 2 – COMMUNITY ATTITUDE SURVEY AND SURVEY RESULTS VIII Bethlehem Master Plan ~ 2004 Introduction Bethlehem Master Plan ~ 2004 Introduction Bethlehem, New Hampshire The town of Bethlehem is located in northeastern Grafton County, with its northern boundary serving as the county line between Grafton and Coos counties. Situated in the Ammonoosuc River Valley of the White Mountains, Bethlehem enjoys spectacular views of the Presidential Range. Relatively high in average elevation, the town is influenced by its location and enjoys cool summers, and winters with significant snowfall. Typical of mountain locations, summer showers and winter snow flurries can occur almost without warning. The town is bounded on the west by Littleton, the regional commercial center, and Interstate 93, which passes through the southwest corner of Bethlehem. The towns of Sugar Hill, Franconia and Lincoln are to the south. The town of Carroll is to the northeast and the unincorporated place of Harts Location is to the east. The Towns of Whitefield and Dalton are to the north. US Route 302, one of the major east-west highways in northern New England, divides Bethlehem and serves as the Town’s Main Street. New Hampshire Route 116, that serves as the major north south corridor between Littleton and Whitefield, runs through the northernmost area of Bethlehem. Historical Perspective Bethlehem was founded in 1774 as Lloyd Hills, a name retained until 1799, when it was incorporated as the Town of Bethlehem. Initially, Bethlehem depended heavily on its abundant natural resources for its economic base. Early development took place along the rivers and roads built to serve farms and mills or to link major cities. With the arrival of the passenger railroad in the late 1800s Bethlehem became a popular summer vacation destination and experienced the rise and fall of the grand hotels. In the last forty years the town has experienced an increasing level of land subdivision for year-round and seasonal dwelling units.