Rts Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports

DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUMDENVER OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS • NUMBER 15 JULY 8, 2019 NUMBER 15, JULY 8, 2019

WWW.SCIENCE.DMNS.ORG/MUSEUM-PUBLICATIONS Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports 2001 Colorado Boulevard (Print) ISSN 2374-7730 Denver, CO 80205, U.S.A. Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports (Online) ISSN 2374-7749

Cover photo: Lithariapteryx mirabilinella (Heliodin- idae); 4 miles E of Oreana, Pershing County, Nevada, USA, 21 May 1994, leg. Yu-Feng Hsu; reared from Mirabilis laevis var. villosa, emerged 22–23 June 1994, CASENT 8438523 (photo by Chris Grinter).

The Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports (ISSN Frank Krell, PhD, Editor and Production 2374-7730 [print], ISSN 2374-7749 [online]) is an open- access, non peer-reviewed scientiﬁ c journal publishing papers about DMNS research, collections, or other Program and Abstracts Museum related topics, generally authored or co-authored by Museum staff or associates. Peer review will only be Fourth North American Microlepidopterists’ arranged on request of the authors. Meeting

The journal is available online at www.science.dmns.org/ July 8, 2019 Museum-Publications free of charge. Paper copies are California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California available for purchase from our print-on-demand publisher Lulu (www.lulu.com). DMNS owns the copyright of the works published in the Reports, which are published under David J. Bettman (Ed.) the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial license. For commercial use of published material contact the Alfred M. Bailey Library & Archives at [email protected].

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Program and Abstracts Fourth North American Microlepidopterists’ Meeting July 8, 2019, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California

Edited by CONTENTS David J. Bettman1 Program 2

Abstracts 3

The meeting was organized by David Bettman, Chris Grinter, and Todd Gilligan and was hosted by Chris Grinter and David Bettman at the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.

1Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive San Francisco, California 94118, USA [email protected] Bettman

PROGRAM

Monday, July 8 9:00am: Entomology collection open for attendees

11:00am: Welcome and introduction to the collections at the Cal Academy (Chris Grinter)

11:15am*: Contributed talks

Instead of a rigidly scheduled session of talks, presenters can volunteer in any order they prefer, and talks can vary in length depending on the amount of material the speaker wishes to cover.

12:30pm*: Lunch

1:45pm*: Contributed talks

Instead of a rigidly scheduled session of talks, presenters can volunteer in any order they prefer, and talks can vary in length depending on the amount of material the speaker wishes to cover.

5:00pm*: Dinner at a local restaurant

* times are approximate, and will be decided upon by the attendees

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ABSTRACTS dramatically; as one would expect, the primary driver of our increased knowledge has been the incorporation of DNA analyses, but several key insights were also made Proposal of a novel sexual coupling in morphological and life history studies. I will take mechanism in Claduncaria (Tortricidae: us through the current understanding of lepidopteran Archipini) phylogeny, and will present a draft subfamily-level clas- siﬁcation of the Lepidoptera (copies will be provided to Kyhl A. Austin* meeting attendees). Despite our improved knowledge, Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of there is still ample scope for future major contributions Entomology, Ithaca, New York 14853-2601, USA to our understanding of lepidopteran evolution, even [email protected] two decades into the DNA era. Dozens of genera are still unplaceable—even to superfamily—and many Jason J. Dombroskie uncertainties remain in the lep tree. Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, New York 14853-2601, USA [email protected]

Claduncaria (Tortricidae: Archipini) is a small genus Life history observations of Tridentaforma endemic to the Greater Antilles. Prior to our work, the species (Adeloidea: Tridentaformidae) at genus was known only from males, which are charac- Fort Ord Natural Reserve terized by a well-developed bifurcate uncus, a unique character among archipines. Because of correspond- Jon Detka* ingly-sized grooves in the papillae anales of the female, Environmental Studies Department, Interdisciplinary we hypothesize the uncus acts as a lock-and-key type of Sciences Building, University of California Santa sexual coupling mechanism. At present, there are very Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064 few such instances of this type of mechanism in the [email protected] literature. Maxim Klepikov 3401 Cunnison Lane, Soquel, California 95073, USA [email protected]

Lepidoptera phylogeny and classifica- David Bettman tion: 20 years on from the Handbook of Department of Entomology, The California Academy Zoology of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118-4503, USA David Bettman [email protected] Department of Entomology, The California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, Recent foliar surveys in the Fort Ord Natural Reserve California 94118-4503, USA (Marina, CA) aimed at understanding the above- [email protected] ground fungal pathogen community structure of woolyleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos tomentosa) The last complete treatment of lepidopteran phylog- and sandmat manzanita (Arctostaphylos pumila) in eny and classiﬁcation was the Handbook of Zoology: relation to climatic conditions led to the observation Lepidoptera volume 1, published in 1998. Our under- of abundant Tridentaforma moths around the man- standing of lepidopteran phylogeny has since improved zanitas. Tridentaforma is the sole genus in the family

DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS | No. 15, July 8, 2019 3 Bettman

Tridentaformidae, with a single described species. Ecology of the genus Adela (Adelidae) in The family is endemic to California and several central California undescribed species are suspected. Little is known of its ecology or biology, though association with Alvin Ludtke* Arctostaphylos species had previously been noted. We 8711 Blythe Avenue, Orangevale, California 95662, present the results of preliminary light trapping and USA field surveys aimed at understanding Tridentaforma [email protected] biology at this site, including adult behavior, ovipo- Lisa Couper sition, flight period, and substrate preferences. We 4610 Grazing Hill Road, Shingle Springs, California relate these observations to local-scale meteorological 95682, USA conditions and phenology of A. tomentosa and A. pumila, and discuss future planned work. Generalizations of the distribution, phenology and ovipositional substrates for the common, widespread and easily collected but little-studied genus Adela in Fun with DNA barcoding central California will be presented. These aspects will be discussed individually for each of the eight Todd Gilligan described species known from California. Means for 5498 Standing Cloud Drive, Loveland, Colorado identifying the species will be presented. Photos of 80537, USA ovipositional behavior will be presented for seven [email protected] of the eight described species, some on multiple DNA barcoding, defined as using a standardized substrates. Evidence, including a photo of oviposi- segment of DNA for species identification and discrimi- tional behavior, for the existence of an undescribed nation, has been commonly implemented in its current species will be presented. Ovipositional substrate form since the early 2000s. Early proponents of DNA specialization will be discussed as relates to generic barcoding proposed that it could be used to solve the generalizations and species distinctions. Compara- biodiversity crisis, while early opponents claimed that it tive mating behavior will be discussed as far as is was prone to a multitude of problems and promoted by known. Photos of pairs in copula will be presented persons who did not understand systematics. In reality, for at least four species. both groups were somewhat correct, but now, nearly 20 years later, many of the issues are known, and it is an immensely powerful tool for a variety of uses in taxonomy and systematics. However, with the advent of affordable high-throughput sequencing technologies, DNA barcoding is ignored by many taxonomists, or dis- missed as simply outdated technology. Here I present an introduction to DNA barcoding, demonstrate how it is used, and present several recent examples in which it was an important tool in solving complicated taxonomic issues. I also present several examples in which DNA barcoding fails completely, and discuss the need to be familiar with your taxa regardless of the molecular methods employed.

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Cool morphological features uncovered in the genus Frumenta Busck (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and discovery of two new species

Megan E. McCarty* 18623 Boone Robinson Road, Patriot, Indiana 47038, USA; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA [email protected] David Adamski Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA [email protected] Mark A. Metz Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA 20013-7012 [email protected] Jean-François Landry Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada [email protected]

Using scanning electron micrographs, we uncovered the presence of a culcitula in the genus Frumenta, a feature previously thought lacking in the group. We also discovered a morphological feature common to all female Frumenta that was previously found in only one species. Upon examination, we found that speci- mens of Frumenta solanophaga Adamski and Brown, 2002, were indistinguishable from those of F. nephelomicta (Meyrick, 1930), and therefore we consider F. solanophaga the same species as F. nephelomicta. Lastly, two new species of Frumenta were discovered, one from Texas and one from Arizona.

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