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Investigations Récentes Dans Les Paysages Mégalithiques De La Province De Séville : Dolmen De Palacio III

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Investigations Récentes Dans Les Paysages Mégalithiques De La Province De Séville : Dolmen De Palacio III Investigations récentes dans les paysages mégalithiques de la Province de Séville : Dolmen de Palacio III. 473 Recent investigations of the megalithic landscapes of Sevilla province : Dolmen de Palacio III. INVESTIGATIONS RÉCENTES DANS LES PAYSAGES MÉGALITHIQUES DE LA PROVINCE DE SÉVILLE, ANDALOUSIE : DOLMEN DE PALACIO III RECENT INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MEGALITHIC LANDSCAPES OF SEVILLE PROVINCE, ANDALUSIA: DOLMEN DE PALACIO III Leonardo GARCÍA SANJUÁN & David W. WHEATLEY. (Traduction en français / French translation: Ruth TAYLOR) (Relecture du résumé anglais / Revision of the English abstract: Chris SCARRE) Fig. 1 : Localisation des secteurs à l’intérieur de la municipalité de Almadén de la Plata. Fig. 1: Location of survey areas within the municipality of Almadén de la Plata. Origine et développement du mégalithisme de l’ouest de l’Europe (Bougon - 26/30 octobre 2002) Origin and development of the megalithic monuments of western Europe (Bougon - 26/30 October 2002) 474 Leonardo GARCÍA SANJUÁN & David W. WHEATLEY. Résumé Cette étude décrit les résultats préliminaires de la période du travail de camp (2000-2002) d’un projet adressé à l’étude du phénomène mégalithique à Almadén de la Plata (Séville, Andalousie-Espagne), réalisé par les universités de Séville et Southamp- ton ensembles. D’un côté, il poursuit la compréhension des dimensions, spatiale et paysagère, de ce phénomène dans la région, où la densité et la diversité des monuments mégalithiques sont très élevées. Donc, tout cela impliqua la prospection de surface systématique de certaines zones désignées dans le but d’obtenir une base empirique sur laquelle analyser sa distribution spatiale (rapports entre les monuments, entre les monuments et les aires d’emplacement et entre les monuments et les éléments paysagers). De l’autre côté, le projet s’intéresse à des aspects de l’organisation interne des enterrements mégalithiques dans la région. De cette façon, la fouille réalisée au Dolmen de Palacio III, a favorisé la récupération du registre archéologique d’un tholos de l’Âge du Cuivre presque intact, ainsi que l’obtention d’une information sur les formes de réutilisation de monuments mégalithiques entre le Néolithique et l’Âge du Fer. Abstract This paper describes the results of the fieldwork stage (2000-2002) of a project dealing with the megalithic phenomenon in Al- madén de la Plata (Sevilla, Andalusia, Spain), carried out jointly by the universities of Seville and Southampton. On the one hand, this project aims to understand the spatial and landscape dimensions of the megalithic monuments of this region, where the density and diversity of such monuments is very high. This has involved systematic surface survey of a number of designated areas in order to provide the empirical basis from which to understand spatial distributions (relationships between the monuments themselves, between the monuments and settlement areas and between monuments and landscape features). On the other hand, this project is looking at aspects of the internal organisation of megalithic burials in the area. Thus excavations carried out at the site of Dolmen de Palacio III have permitted the retrieval and recording of an almost completely intact Copper Age tholos tomb, as well as provi- ding extremely useful information about patterns of re-use of the monument between the Neolithic and the Iron Age. Resumen Este trabajo describe los resultados preliminares de la fase de trabajo de campo (2000-2002) de un proyecto dirigido al estudio del fenómeno megalítico en Almadén de la Plata (Sevilla, Andalucía, España) realizado conjuntamente por las universidades de Sevilla y Southampton. Por una parte se persigue la interpretación de las dimensiones espacial y paisajística del megalitismo en la región, donde la densidad y diversidad de las construcciones megalíticas son muy elevadas. Por tanto, ha supuesto la prospección superficial sistemática de unas áreas designadas con el objeto de obtener una base empírica sobre la cual analizar su distribución espacial (relaciones entre los monumentos, entre los monumentos y las áreas de asentamiento y entre los monumentos y los elemen- tos paisajísticos). Por otra parte, el proyecto se interesa por aspectos de la organización interna de los enterramientos megalíticos en la zona. Así, la excavación llevada a cabo en el sitio de Dolmen de Palacio III ha permitido la recuperación del registro arqueo- lógico de un tholos de la Edad del Cobre casi completamente intacto, así como la obtención de datos muy sugerentes sobre pautas de reutilización de monumentos megalíticos entre el Neolítico y la Edad del Hierro. Origine et développement du mégalithisme de l’ouest de l’Europe (Bougon - 26/30 octobre 2002) Origin and development of the megalithic monuments of western Europe (Bougon - 26/30 October 2002) Investigations récentes dans les paysages mégalithiques de la Province de Séville : Dolmen de Palacio III. 475 Recent investigations of the megalithic landscapes of Sevilla province : Dolmen de Palacio III. 1. Introduction: le « Projet du Paysage 1. Introduction: the ‘Landscape of the des Grandes Pierres »1. Large Stones’ project1. Entre 2000 et 2002, une équipe archéologique Between 2000 and 2002, an archaeological composée de membres des Universités de Séville team including participants from the universities et de Southampton a effectué des recherches sur le of Seville and Southampton have been undertak- terrain dans la région d’Almaden de la Plata dans ing fieldwork in the municipality of Almadén de la la province de Séville, Andalousie. La nécessité de Plata, in the province of Seville, Andalucía. The ce travail est née dans le cadre des stratégies de need for this field research stems from the strategy développement rural initiées par les collectivités of rural development put forward by the local au- locales de la région de la Sierra Norte de la Pro- thorities of the Sierra Norte region of Seville prov- vince de Séville, qui portent sur la documentation ince, which focuses on documentation and dissem- et dissémination du patrimoine archéologique de ination of the local archaeological resource. The la région. Toutefois, l’envergure de nos activités scope and aims or our research go well beyond et les buts de nos recherches vont bien plus loin this, however, and the project is envisaged by us as que cela et nous envisageons le projet comme un a vehicle to develop an empirically-based knowl- moyen de développer un cadre de connaissances edge framework for the analysis of the megalithic empiriques pour l’analyse du phénomène mégali- phenomenon in southwest Spain as a whole. thique dans le sud-ouest de l’Espagne en général. En 1989, un inventaire des structures mégalithi- In 1989, an inventory of megalithic structures ques de la province de Séville fut réalisé, identi- located within Seville province was carried out, fiant un total de 41 structures et 13 tumulus clas- producing a figure of 41 structures and 13 mounds sifiés comme étant de « possibles mégalithes » that were classified as ‘possibly megalithic’ in (Barrionuevo & Salas 1991). Plus récemment, une character (Barrionuevo & Salas 1991). More re- version multimédia augmentée de ce catalogue a cently, an enlarged multimedia version of that fait passer le nombre de structures identifiées avec catalogue (IAPH 2000) has increased the number confiance à 65. Malgré la grande densité (et le ca- of positively identified structures to 65. Despite ractère impressionnant de quelques-uns des monu- the generally high density (as well as the impres- ments), notre connaissance actuelle du phénomène sive character of some of the monuments), our mégalithique dans la province de Séville, et dans la present knowledge of the megalithic phenomenon majeure partie du sud-ouest espagnol, reste assez li- in Seville province, and indeed most of southwest mitée et fragmentaire. Deux facteurs semblent être Spain, remains narrow and fragmentary. Two fac- la cause de ceci : une empirique et l’autre épisté- tors seem to account for this: one empirical and mologique. D’abord, une grande partie de ces mo- the other more epistemological. First, a significant numents a été explorée avant l’utilisation répandue proportion of these monuments were explored be- des techniques scientifiques de saisie et d’analyse fore the widespread use of scientific techniques of de données. La seule construction mégalithique du recording and data analysis in fieldwork. The only sud-ouest espagnol dont on peut considérer l’étu- megalithic construction in the Spanish southwest de et la publication satisfaisantes (y compris des that can be considered to have been comprehen- datations radiométriques et l’analyse scientifique sively studied and published (including radiomet- des matériaux organiques et inorganiques) est le ric dating and scientific analysis of organic and dolmen de Alberite, Cadiz (Ramos Muñoz & Gi- inorganic materials) is the Dolmen de Alberite, les Pacheco 1996). Ensuite, d’une perspective plus Cádiz (Ramos Muñoz y Giles Pacheco 1996). épistémologique, depuis la publication par G. et V. From a more epistemological perspective, in the Leisner de leur impressionnant catalogue des mé- 1 The full title of the Project is “El Paisaje de las Grandes 1 Le titre complet du projet est «El Paisaje de las Grandes Piedras. Comunidades Constructoras de Megalitos de Sierra Piedras. Comunidades Constructoras de Megalitos de Sierra Morena Occidental. Proyecto de Documentación del Patrimo- Morena Occidental. Proyecto de Documentación del Patri- nio Arqueológico de Almadén de la Plata (Sevilla, Spain)”. monio Arqueológico de Almaden de la Plata (Séville, Espa- This project has received its main financial support from the gne)». Le projet a reçu le support financier du plan LEADER LEADER Plan of the European Commission with smaller re- de la Commission Européenne et des subventions plus modes- search grants provided by the universities of Bradford, Seville tes des Universités de Bradford, Séville et Southampton. and Southampton. Origine et développement du mégalithisme de l’ouest de l’Europe (Bougon - 26/30 octobre 2002) Origin and development of the megalithic monuments of western Europe (Bougon - 26/30 October 2002) 476 Leonardo GARCÍA SANJUÁN & David W.
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