CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET

Author: Ed Arthur

Title of Report: Cultural Resources Assessment for the City of Langley Infrastructure Projects, Langley, Island County,

Date of Report: June 16, 2020

County: Island Section: 2 and 3 Township: 29N Range: 3E Section: 34 Township 30N Range: 3E

Quad: Langley Acres: ~ 6.5 acre

PDF of report submitted (REQUIRED) Yes

Historic Property Inventory Forms to be Approved Online? Yes No

Archaeological Site(s)/Isolate(s) Found or Amended? Yes No

TCP(s) found? Yes No

Replace a draft? Yes No

Satisfy a DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit requirement? Yes No

Were Human Remains Found? Yes No

DAHP Archaeological Site #: N/A

DAHP Project #: 2020-06-04012

CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOR THE CITY OF LANGLEY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, LANGLEY, ISLAND COUNTY, WASHINGTON

BY: ED P. ARTHUR

REPORT PREPARED FOR:

DAVIDO CONSULTING GROUP, INC.

DAHP PROJECT # 2020-07-05611

CALDERA ARCHAEOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT: 0320F

JUNE 16, 2020

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION – NOT FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION EXEMPT FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE UNDER FEDERAL CODE (16 USC 470HH) AND WASHINGTON STATE LAW (RCW 42.56.300)

1155 North State Street, Suite 428 – Post Office Box 944 – Bellingham, WA 98227-0944 61841 Ward Road – Bend, OR 97702-9752 (360) 332.2600 – (541) 668.6121 – calderaarchaeology.com

Management Summary The City of Langley Infrastructure Projects (LIP) are located within the right-of-ways of Edgecliff Drive, Decker Avenue, Furman Avenue, Al Anderson Avenue, Third Street, Fourth Street, Sixth Street, and Island View Lane in Langley at the southeast end of Whidbey Island. The City is planning to reconstruct or rehabilitate sewers, construct new water mains, and construct new storm water collection systems during fourteen separate projects.

Our investigation of the fourteen Langley Infrastructure Project areas did not result in the identification of any cultural materials. The deposits encountered in the shovel probes generally consisted of a relatively thin layer of Holocene-age soils that had formed at the top of the glacial sediments as they weathered. No cultural materials or anthropogenic soils were observed during our investigation.

Caldera Archaeology recommends that each of the proposed infrastructure projects be permitted to proceed without any further archaeological oversight. A copy of the Island County Standard Inadvertent Archaeological and Historic Resources Discovery Plan should be included with all permits.

Cover Photograph: Oblique aerial image of a portion of the City of Langley taken September 14, 2016 by the Washington State Department of Ecology.

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Table of Contents

Management Summary ...... 2 Project Location and Description ...... 5 Geomorphologic Background ...... 6 Paleoenvironmental Background ...... 7 Cultural Background ...... 8 Prehistoric Summary ...... 8 Paleoindian Phase ...... 8 Old Cordilleran Cultural Period (9000 B.P. – 4500 B.P.) ...... 8 Charles Cultural Period (4500 B.P. - 3500/3300 B.P.) ...... 8 Locarno Beach Cultural Period (3500/3300 B.P. – 2400 B.P.) ...... 9 Marpole (2400 B.P. – 1600/1500 B.P.) and Gulf of Georgia (1600/1500 B.P. – Contact) Cultural Periods ...... 9 Ethnohistoric Summary ...... 9 Historic Settlement ...... 10 Archaeological Background ...... 10 Recorded Archaeological Sites...... 10 Previous Archaeological Investigations ...... 11 Research Design ...... 12 Objectives and Practical Expectations ...... 12 Methods ...... 12 Results ...... 13 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 14 Figures ...... 15 References Cited ...... 24 Appendix A ...... 28

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List of Figures

Figure 1. The locations of the Langley Infrastructure Project areas indicated on a portion of the Langley and Tulalip 7.5-minute USGS quadrangles...... 15 Figure 2. Aerial image showing the locations of probes and profile excavated along Indian Point Lane (project 13) and Edgecliff Drive (projects 5 and 13). Image adapted from Google Earth...... 16 Figure 3. Aerial image showing the locations of probes and profile along the central portion of Edgecliff Drive (projects 5 and 13, eastern end of project 1), and Decker Avenue and Furman Avenue (project 2). Image adapted from Google Earth...... 17 Figure 4. Aerial image showing the location of probes excavated along the western end of Edgecliff Drive (projects 1 and 5). Image adapted from Google Earth...... 18 Figure 5. Aerial image showing the locations of probes excavated along 6th Street (projects 4, 6, 9, and 12), Island View Lane (project 11), and Al Anderson Avenue (projects 3 and 14). Image adapted from Google Earth...... 19 Figure 6. Aerial image showing the locations of probes excavated along 3rd Street (project 8) and 4th Street (projects 7 and 10). Image adapted from Google Earth...... 20 Figure 7. Typical sediments exposed in profile cut 1; 1 meter west of driveway for 967 Edgecliff Drive. Flash used for photograph...... 21 Figure 8. Typical sediments exposed in profile cut 2; 1.5 meters east of the water meter for 909 Edgecliff Drive. Flash used for photograph...... 21 Figure 9. View of typical profile exposed in the sidewall of shovel probe 25; 4246 Indian Point Lane. Flash used for photograph...... 22 Figure 10. View of organic rich silt atop peat encountered in probes 47, 48, and 49 along 6th Street; profile of probe 48 shown. Flash used for photograph...... 22 Figure 11. View of typical profile exposed in the sidewall of shovel probe 68; flash used for photograph...... 23

List of Tables

Table 1. Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites near the City of Langley Infrastructure Project Area...... 10 Table 2. Archaeological Investigations near the City of Langley Infrastructure Project Area...... 11 Table 3. Subsurface Probe Data ...... 28

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Cultural Resources Assessment for the City of Langley Infrastructure Projects, Langley, Island County, Washington

Project Location and Description Location: Langley, Island County, Washington USGS Quad: Langley, WA 7.5’ (1968) Township, Range, Sec.: T. 29 N, R. 3 E, Sec. 2 and 3, Willamette Meridian T. 30 N, R. 3 E, Sec. 34, Willamette Meridian

The City of Langley Infrastructure Projects (LIP) are located within the right-of-ways of Edgecliff Drive, Decker Avenue, Furman Avenue, Al Anderson Avenue, Third Street, Fourth Street, Sixth Street, and Island View Lane in Langley at the southeast end of Whidbey Island in the northeast quarter and northwest quarter of Section 2, Township 29 North, Range 3 East, the northeast quarter and northwest quarter of Section 3, Township 29 North, Range 3 East, and the southeast quarter and southwest quarter of Section 34, Township 30 North, Range 3 East (Figure 1).

The City is planning to reconstruct or rehabilitate sewers, construct new water mains, and construct new storm water collection systems during fourteen separate projects. The individual projects and their locations are:

Project 1: Within Edgecliff Drive between Noblecliff Drive and Furman Avenue. Construction of a new water main, sewer main, and storm sewer within Edgecliff Drive. Full pavement and base course replacement. Length of project is 1,275 lineal feet.

Project 2: Within Decker Avenue between Edgecliff Drive and Sandy Point Road and Furman Avenue between Edgecliff Drive and Sandy Point Road. Construction of a new water main, sewer main, and storm sewer within Furman Avenue. Construction of a new sewer main and storm sewer main within Decker Avenue. Length of project along Decker Avenue is 1,175 lineal feet and along Furman Avenue is 1,275 lineal feet.

Project 3: Within Al Anderson Avenue between Sixth Street and Louisa Street. Replacement or rehabilitation of existing sewer main. Length of project is 300 lineal feet.

Project 4: Sixth Street between Al Anderson Avenue and Cascade Avenue. Construction of a new storm sewer and pedestrian path along the south side of Sixth Street. Length of project is 1,300 lineal feet.

Project 5: Edgecliff Drive between Furman Avenue and the City limits. Construction of a new storm sewer along the south side of Edgecliff Drive. Length of project is 2,000 lineal feet.

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Project 6: Within Sixth Street between Al Anderson Avenue and Anthes Avenue as well as between Groom Lane and the Children’s Center. Replacement or rehabilitation of existing sewer main. Length of project is 430 lineal feet.

Project 7: Within Fourth Street east of Anthes Avenue. Replacement or rehabilitation of existing sewer main. Length of project is 240 lineal feet.

Project 8: Within Third Street east of Anthes Avenue. Replacement or rehabilitation of existing sewer main. Length of project is 250 lineal feet.

Project 9: Within Sixth Street between Park Avenue and Anthes Avenue. Abandon existing water main and construct a new water main. Length of project is 650 lineal feet.

Project 10: Within Fourth Street between Anthes Avenue and Cascade Avenue. Abandon existing water main and construct a new water main. Length of project is 1,020 lineal feet.

Project 11: Island View Lane between Sixth Street and dead end of Island View Lane. Construction of new water main. Length of project is 500 lineal feet.

Project 12: Sixth Street between Park Avenue and Al Anderson Avenue. Construction of a new pedestrian pathway and storm sewer on south side of Sixth Street. Length of project is 430 lineal feet.

Project 13: Within Edgecliff Drive between Furman Avenue and Wilkinson Road. Abandon existing water main and construct a new water main. Length of project is 3,250 lineal feet.

Project 14: Within Al Anderson Avenue between Lousia Street to Suzanne Court. Sewer main replacement. Length of project is 300 lineal feet.

Projects 1 through 12 are being funded by an Island County Rural Economic Development grant and a voter-approved bond. Projects 13 and 14 are using capital utility, water, and sewer funds.

Geomorphologic Background Pleistocene glaciation of the region was a significant factor in shaping the present day Whidbey Island landscape. The Fraser Glaciation was the last major phase of glacier growth in western Washington and was marked by three separate stades occurring from 18,000 to 10,000 14C yr B.P. (Easterbrook 2010). The oldest and most extensive of these was the Vashon Stade, which began around 18,000 years ago. Continental ice flowed south into the Puget lowland from source areas in . The ice sheet split

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into two lobes in the vicinity of the San Juan Islands and continued to flow south and west. The Juan de Fuca lobe terminated in tidewater west of Island and north of the while the Puget lobe continued south, reaching its maximum extent approximately 140 miles south of the Canadian border (Easterbrook 2010). The thickness of the ice over present-day Whidbey Island is estimated to have been about 3,900 to 4,300 feet (Thorson 1980, 1981, 1989). Both lobes began to retreat rapidly between approximately 15,000 to 14,000 years ago (Dethier et al. 1995).

Collapse of the ice-sheet across the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca and Admiralty Inlet at the start of the Everson Interstade allowed sea water to enter ice-free areas that were below relative paleo-sea levels. The weight of the ice had depressed the land and it took time for isostatic rebound to catch up to the rising sea levels caused by melting ice (Clague and James 2002). The Everson Interstade ended when post-glacial rebound exceeded the rate of global sea-level rise, causing the land to be sub-aerially exposed. Radiocarbon dates from Lake Carpenter (south of the project area) suggest that the Everson Interstade seawater incursion began before 14,610 14C yr B.P. and ended before 13,600 14C yr B.P. (Anundsen et al. 1994).

Following deglaciation, sea levels in the southern have for the most part risen steadily from approximately 40 meters below present levels (Thorson 1980). By about 5,000 yr B.P. sea level was within approximately two to three meters of present and has been rising very slowly since that time (Sherrod et al. 2000).

Each of the project areas are located on a glaciomarine outwash delta composed of mostly sand with some gravelly sand mixtures and occasional silt or silty sand layers that were deposited on the sea floor during the Everson Interstade (Schasse et al. 2009).

Paleoenvironmental Background Pollen data recovered from sediment cores in lakes and throughout the Puget Sound exhibit marked shifts in the composition and distribution of regional vegetation since the end of the Pleistocene (Whitlock 1992). Retreat of the Puget and Juan de Fuca lobes left a large volume of sand and gravels that was rapidly colonized by lodgepole pine, the major tree species between approximately 14,000 to 12,000 years ago (Whitlock 1992). Between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago lodgepole pine was joined by Sitka spruce, , western hemlock, and red alder forming a more closed forest environment. As the climate continued to warm during the early Holocene, periods of summer drought intensified and a higher frequency of fires appears to have increased the ranges of in the Puget Lowland. Forests throughout the Puget Trough contained abundant Douglas fir, red alder, and bracken fern between approximately 10,000 and 8,000-6,000 years ago (Whitlock 1992). After approximately 6,000 years ago temperatures lowered and precipitation increased. Pollen data

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suggests that forest communities very similar to those of the historic period have probably been present since the mid-Holocene (~ 5,000 yr B.P.) with the widespread appearance of cedar and an increase in Sitka spruce and western hemlock (Whitlock 1992).

Cultural Background Prehistoric Summary Paleoindian Phase Human occupation of western Washington likely began shortly after glacial retreat and collapse of the ice-sheet across the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca and Admiralty Inlet at the start of the Everson Interstade.

Presently, the Paleoindian phase is the earliest well documented cultural phase in ; this cultural phase is associated with distinctive fluted projectile points, commonly called Clovis points. Paleoindian phase materials are somewhat rare in the Northwest, especially west of the Coast and Cascade Ranges (Ames and Maschner 1999).

The earliest inhabitants along the Northwest Coast are believed to have been highly mobile foragers whose economy focused on exploiting a wide variety of terrestrial and littoral resources including megafauna, such as mammoth, mastodons and bison that became extinct soon after the end of the last glaciation. Artifact assemblages are dominated by foliate bifaces and bone and antler tools.

Old Cordilleran Cultural Period (9000 B.P. – 4500 B.P.) The Old Cordilleran, dating to between approximately 9000 B.P. and 4500 B.P., is the earliest documented widespread cultural phase along the central and southern Northwest Coast (Matson and Coupland 1995). Old Cordilleran sites generally contain characteristic leaf-shaped bifaces, flake tools, and pebble tools; the faunal remains point to a generalized land mammal hunting orientation. Coastal Old Cordilleran sites, present throughout the central and southern Northwest Coast, shortly after 9000 B.P. indicate that these people were beginning to make use of coastal resources including shellfish, various fish species, and sea mammals.

Charles Cultural Period (4500 B.P. - 3500/3300 B.P.) The Charles culture (4500 to 3500/3300 B.P.) is represented by three regional variants: the St. Mungo phase in the Fraser delta; the Mayne phase on the Gulf Islands; and the Eayem phase in the Fraser Canyon. The Charles culture is distinguished from the preceding Old Cordilleran by a substantial decrease in the number of cobble tools, the appearance of stemmed, shouldered projectile points, and a significant increase in ground stone technology (Matson and Coupland 1995:100- 101). The faunal remains from Charles components are dominated by shellfish and coastal fish indicating a full-time coastal adaptation (Matson and Coupland 1995:125).

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Locarno Beach Cultural Period (3500/3300 B.P. – 2400 B.P.) The Locarno Beach culture (3500/3300 to 2400 B.P.) is recognized as an evolutionary transition from the earlier Charles culture (Mitchell 1971). Distinguishing features of Locarno Beach artifact assemblages include composite toggling harpoons, unilaterally barbed bone points, large ground slate points, labrets, ground stone adzes, and obsidian and quartz crystal microblades (Matson and Coupland 1995:156). Subsistence data indicate a continuation of the trend towards salmon intensification (large-scale processing and storage of salmon) and a shift in shellfish utilization from mussel to various species of clam (Matson and Coupland 1995:170-175).

Marpole (2400 B.P. – 1600/1500 B.P.) and Gulf of Georgia (1600/1500 B.P. – Contact) Cultural Periods The Marpole period (2400 to 1600/1500 B.P.) saw the full achievement of the Developed Northwest Coast Pattern (Matson and Coupland 1995:199). A change to a semi-sedentary settlement pattern focused on movement between a central village with large plank houses and dispersed highly specialized seasonal camps occurred during this period. Dependence upon stored fish, and abundant sophisticated art had evolved and ascribed status developed.

Distinguishing the beginning of the Gulf of Georgia period (1500 B.P. to Contact) archaeologically is considered difficult because of what Matson and Coupland (1995:218) refer to as a “seamless evolutionary transition” between Marpole and Gulf of Georgia cultures. The distinctive elements of Gulf of Georgia material culture include thin, triangular ground slate points, flat-topped hand mauls, antler composite toggling harpoons, various bone unipoints and bipoints, large groundstone adzes, and various decorated items like blanket pins and combs (Mitchell 1971).

Ethnohistoric Summary Whidbey Island was within the traditional territory of several Coast Salish groups at the time of initial Euro-American exploration of the region: the Swinomish occupied the northern end of Whidbey Island (Ruby et al. 2010:331), Lower Skagit territory was centered around Penn Cove (Tweddell 1953:132; Deur 2009:10), and the Snohomish occupied the southern end of Whidbey Island up to approximately the present day location of Greenbank (Ruby et al. 2010:303).

The City of Langley and surrounding lands lie in the traditional territory of the Snohomish peoples (Haeberlin and Gunther 1930:7; Eells 1985:19; Ruby et al. 2010:303). At the time of Euro-American contact the Snohomish lived along the shoreline of Puget Sound around the mouth of the Snohomish River, on the southern tip of Camano Island, along the Snohomish River as far upstream as the present day city of Monroe, and on the southern end of Whidbey Island (Ruby et al. 2010:303).

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The Snohomish had villages on Whidbey Island at Sandy Point (t’cEt’łks ‘ragged nose’; the traditional place name refers to both the Point and village), which was the site of a potlatch house, at Bush Point (šƐtłšƐtłtc ‘burnt leaves’), the site of a potlatch house, and at Cultus Bay (Tweddell 1953:102,140-141).

Tweddell (1953:182) provides some additional information regarding the potlatch house at Sandy Point, reporting that the approximately sixty-foot long and twenty-four foot wide structure was located just southeast of the existing dock.

Historic Settlement The first Euroamerican settlers of Whidbey Island were Mr. Thomas Glasgow who took the first land claim in 1848 and Isaac Neff Ebey, who was the first to take advantage of the Donation Land Law and filed a claim on October 15th, 1850 in the vicinity of present-day Coupeville (Kellogg 1968; Neil and Brainard 1989). Robert Bailey, who filed a claim on September 1, 1852, was the first to officially own land on south Whidbey Island (Neil and Brainard 1989:107).

Between the late summer of 1852 and the end of 1853, the Euroamerican population of Whidbey Island increased drastically as settlers from New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia established farms on the rich lands in the central and northern portions of Whidbey Island (White 1980:37). Settlement of the southern end of the island lagged behind that of the central and northern portions, beginning in earnest during the 1880s (Neil and Brainard 1989).

Langley was founded in the spring of 1890 by Jacob Anthes and Judge J. W. Langley (Neil and Brainard 1989:111-112). Anthes and Langely formed the Langley Land and Improvement Company with E. W. Sheafe, James Satterlee, and A. P. Kirk. The townsite was surveyed and platted, and a dock, hotel, and several small residences were built at that time. Anthes become the town’s first storekeeper and postmaster (Neil and Brainard 1989:112). Whidbey Island retained its largely rural character through the first several decades of the 20th century. The populations of Coupeville, Oak Harbor, and Langley all fluctuated between approximately 250 and 350 individuals (White 1980:145).

Archaeological Background Recorded Archaeological Sites Table 1. Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites near the City of Langley Infrastructure Project Area. Site # Site Type Location Reference Exact location undetermined, but Potlatch 45IS20 reported to have been located on Bryan (1953); Wessen (1988) house Sandy Point

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Table 1 presents a summary of the only previously recorded archaeological site located within the vicinity of the project area.

Bryan (1953) recorded 45IS20 based solely upon information provided by informants who indicated that the remains of a potlatch house were located along the beach on the west side of Sandy Point and that the southeast corner of Sandy Point was used during the historic period as a temporary camp where mussels were harvested and processed. Bryan indicates that the site had been destroyed by construction and filled by dredging. No cultural materials were observed by Wessen (1988) during a re-visit of the site area.

Previous Archaeological Investigations Table 2. Archaeological Investigations near the City of Langley Infrastructure Project Area. Type of Location Relative to Resources Reference Investigation Project Identified Archaeological Wessen (1998) 4381 Clam Walk None survey Archaeological Multiple locations on Sandy Wessen (1999) None survey Point Landreau and Geffen Archaeological 1040 Al Anderson Way None (2003) survey Archaeological Linear corridor along Robinson (2004) None survey Maxwelton Road Archaeological Multiple locations on Sandy Early (2005) None survey Point Field Linear corridor along Taylor (2006) None reconnaissance Camano Avenue Arrington and Sikes Pedestrian survey Langley small boat harbor None (2009) Archaeological Hovezak (2013) 4337 Wateredge Drive None survey Archaeological Arthur (2014) 4400 Point View Walk None survey Archaeological Arthur (2015) 4380 Clam Walk None survey Archaeological Arthur (2016) 4365 Clam Walk None survey Archaeological Cagle (2016) 4332 Whale Walk None survey Archaeological Arthur (2019) 4316 Whale Walk None survey

There are thirteen cultural resource reports on file with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) for recent investigations (post 1995) conducted within approximately 1 mile of the outer limits of the overall project area; they are listed in Table 2.

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The previous investigations have been conducted in advance of residential construction at Sandy Point (Wessen 1998; Hovezak 2013; Arthur 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019; Cagle 2016), infrastructure upgrades at Sandy Point (Wessen 1999; Early 2005) construction of telecommunications infrastructure (Landreau and Geffen 2003) and construction of pedestrian trails and sidewalks (Robinson 2004; Taylor 2006).

None of the investigations resulted in the identification of pre-contact or historic cultural resources.

Research Design Objectives and Practical Expectations The objective of our field investigation was to identify any cultural materials that may be present within the fourteen project areas, to document them if present, and to provide recommendations regarding potential impacts that would result from project activities.

The projects are located between approximately 50 feet and 160 feet above sea level within an area of glaciomarine outwash that was deposited on the sea floor during the Everson Interstade.

Based on review of the previous archaeological investigations conducted in the vicinity of the project areas, we think that the probability of any cultural materials being discovered during our investigation is quite low. We expect that the subsurface tests will reveal relatively thin Holocene-age soils that have formed at the top of the glacial deposits.

Given the amount of prior ground disturbance that has occurred within the project areas, we expect that if any archaeological deposits are present, some trace of those deposits would be visible on the ground surface or within ditch cuts along the roads.

Methods Prior to conducting the fieldwork, background research was completed to assess the likelihood of encountering buried historic or precontact cultural resources within the project area. Our background research included review of archaeological site forms and cultural resource assessment reports archived at DAHP, inspection of historic aerial images and maps of the project area, and a review of LiDAR imagery of the project areas.

The field investigation consisted of a visual inspection of the ground surface along the right-of-way within each of the fourteen project areas, visual inspection of the subsurface profiles exposed in drainage ditches (where present) along each of the fourteen project areas, excavation of seventy-one shovel probes, and two profile cuts.

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Probes were not excavated in areas where cuts for road construction had removed all sediments that could potentially contain cultural deposits. Within project areas 7 and 10 along 4th Street, testing was concentrated within the flat area around the Brookhaven Creek channel and investigation of the hillslope east along 4th Street was limited to visual inspection of areas of exposed surface sediments along the road corridor.

All material excavated from the probes was passed through ¼” hardware screen. Excavation of the probes continued until undisturbed glacial deposits were encountered. Details regarding the location, depth, and sediments encountered were recorded for all subsurface units. Photographs were taken of representative profiles. All excavations were completely backfilled after examination, marked in the field with pink flagging labelled with probe number, and plotted on aerial images of the project area (see Figures 2 through Figure 6).

Results Our field investigation of the Langley Infrastructure Project areas was conducted by the author on May 6, 8, and 11-14, 2020. Pedestrian survey and visual inspection of each of the project areas was carried out on May 6, 2020. Subsurface investigation was conducted on May 8 and 11-14, 2020.

Areas of cuts were evident along the 6th Street project area, primarily between approximately the Anthes Road and Creekside Terrace intersections and at the Cascade Road intersection and to a lesser extent at the western end of the Edgecliff Drive project area. Surface grading for road construction throughout the remainder of the project areas likely has truncated the normal soil profile encountered in relatively undisturbed areas along the road shoulders within the right-of-ways.

No cultural materials were observed during visual inspection of the areas of exposed ground or ditches along the fourteen project areas.

The sequence of deposits encountered in the probes and profile cuts is summarized in Table 3 provided as Appendix A. The deposits exposed in the probes excavated within relatively undisturbed areas typically consisted of a 15 cm to 20 cm thick surface layer of dark brown (10YR 3/3) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand to gravelly loamy fine sand over brown (10YR 5/3) to yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 to 10YR 5/8) loamy fine sand to gravelly loamy fine sand that transitioned to mottled pale brown (10YR 6/3), mottled light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and mottled gray (10YR 6/1) fine to medium sand and gravelly fine to medium sand with depth.

No cultural materials were recovered from the subsurface probes, and no anthropogenic soils were observed in any of the profiles that we examined.

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Representative images of the typical soil profiles encountered in the probes are provided as Figure 7 through Figure 11.

Conclusions and Recommendations Our investigation of the fourteen Langley Infrastructure Project areas did not result in the identification of any cultural materials. The deposits encountered in the shovel probes generally consisted of a relatively thin layer of Holocene-age soils that had formed at the top of the glacial sediments as they weathered. No cultural materials or anthropogenic soils were observed during our investigation.

Caldera Archaeology recommends that each of the proposed infrastructure projects be permitted to proceed without any further archaeological oversight. A copy of the Island County Standard Inadvertent Archaeological and Historic Resources Discovery Plan should be included with all permits.

We also recommend that the project proponent be familiar with the provisions of Washington State laws pertaining to cultural resources particularly Revised Code of Washington (RCW) Chapter 27.53.060 and RCW 27.44.040.

RCW 27.53.060, Archaeological Sites and Resources, protects known prehistoric and historic archaeological sites within the state that are located on public and private lands and makes it a crime to intentionally destroy an archaeological site.

RCW Chapter 27.44.040, Indian Graves and Records, protects Native American graves within the state that are located on public or private lands. These laws specifically state that the willful removal, mutilation, defacing, and/or destruction of Indian burials constitute a Class C felony.

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Figures

Figure 1. The locations of the Langley Infrastructure Project areas indicated on a portion of the Langley and Tulalip 7.5-minute USGS quadrangles.

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Figure 2. Aerial image showing the locations of probes and profile excavated along Indian Point Lane (project 13) and Edgecliff Drive (projects 5 and 13). Image adapted from Google Earth.

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Figure 3. Aerial image showing the locations of probes and profile along the central portion of Edgecliff Drive (projects 5 and 13, eastern end of project 1), and Decker Avenue and Furman Avenue (project 2). Image adapted from Google Earth.

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Figure 4. Aerial image showing the location of probes excavated along the western end of Edgecliff Drive (projects 1 and 5). Image adapted from Google Earth.

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Figure 5. Aerial image showing the locations of probes excavated along 6th Street (projects 4, 6, 9, and 12), Island View Lane (project 11), and Al Anderson Avenue (projects 3 and 14). Image adapted from Google Earth.

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Figure 6. Aerial image showing the locations of probes excavated along 3rd Street (project 8) and 4th Street (projects 7 and 10). Image adapted from Google Earth.

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Figure 7. Typical sediments exposed in profile cut 1; 1 meter west of driveway for 967 Edgecliff Drive. Flash used for photograph.

Figure 8. Typical sediments exposed in profile cut 2; 1.5 meters east of the water meter for 909 Edgecliff Drive. Flash used for photograph.

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Figure 9. View of typical profile exposed in the sidewall of shovel probe 25; 4246 Indian Point Lane. Flash used for photograph.

Figure 10. View of organic rich silt atop peat encountered in probes 47, 48, and 49 along 6th Street; profile of probe 48 shown. Flash used for photograph.

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Figure 11. View of typical profile exposed in the sidewall of shovel probe 68; flash used for photograph.

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References Cited Ames, K. M. and H. D. G. Maschner 1999 Peoples of the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory. Thames and Hudson Ltd. London.

Anundsen, K., S. Abella, E. B. Leopold, M. Stuiver, and S.Turner 1994 Late-glacial and early Holocene sea-level fluctuations in the central Puget Lowland, Washington, inferred from lake sediments. Quaternary Research, v. 42, no. 2, p. 149-161.

Arrington, C. and N. Sikes 2009 Cultural Resources Survey Technical Memorandum for the South Whidbey Small Boat Harbor Expansion Project, Langley, Island County, Washington. Report on file with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

Arthur, E. 2014 Results of an Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of the Proposed Redevelopment of 4400 Point View Walk, Sandy Point, Whidbey Island. Report on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

2015 Results of an Archaeological Survey and Evaluation of the Proposed Redevelopment of 4380 Clam Walk, Sandy Point, Whidbey Island. Report on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

2016 Archaeological Survey of 4365 Clam Walk, Sandy Point, Whidbey Island. Report on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

2019 Cultural Resources Survey of 4316 Whale Walk, Sandy Point, Whidbey Island. Report on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

Bryan, A. 1953 Archaeological Site Inventory Record: 45IS20. Form on file with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

Cagle, A. 2016 An Archaeological Survey of Lot 16, Plat of Sandy Point (TPN S8080-00-02016- 0), Whidbey Island, Washington. Report on file with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

Clague, J. J., and T. S. James 2002 History and Isostatic Effects of the Last Ice Sheet in Southern . Quaternary Science Reviews 21:71-87.

Dethier, D. P., F. Pessl, R. F. Keuler, M. A. Balzarini, and D. R. Pevear 1995 Late Wisconsinan glaciomarine deposition and isostatic rebound, northern Puget Lowland, Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 11, p. 1288-1303.

Caldera Archaeology [24] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Deur, D. 2009 Ebey’s Landing National Historical Preserve: An Ethnohistory of Traditionally Associated Contemporary Populations. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Pacific West Region Series in Social Science, Publication 2009-02.

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Caldera Archaeology [25] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

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Wessen, G. 1988 Washington State Archaeological Site Inventory Record: 45IS20. Form on file with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, WA.

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White, R. 1980 Land Use, Environment and Social Change – The Shaping of Island County, Washington. University of Washington Press, Seattle.

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Caldera Archaeology [27] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Appendix A Table 3. Subsurface Probe Data Shovel Probe 1 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-25 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loam No cultural material. 25-35 Brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loam No cultural material 35-50 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material. 3.5 meters west from fence along 999 Edgecliff Drive, north side of road Shovel Probe 2 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-10 Brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loam truncated 10-30 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material 6 meters west of property line between 979 and 967 Edgecliff Drive, north side of road Shovel Probe 3 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam transitioning to 0-30 No cultural material. gravelly loam Mottled grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy medium 30-50 No cultural material sand At property line between 957 and 946 Edgecliff Drive; south side of road Shovel Probe 4 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-30 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 30-45 Mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) fine sand No cultural material Center of 947 Edgecliff Drive; south side of road Shovel Probe 5 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-20 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 20-35 Mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand No cultural material 35-40 Mottled gray (10YR 6/1) fine sand No cultural material Across from 940 Edgecliff Drive, south side of road Shovel Probe 6 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-20 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 20-35 Mottled gray (10YR 6/1) gravelly fine sand No cultural material Across from 924 Edgecliff Drive, south side of road Shovel Probe 7 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-20 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 20-45 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy fine sand No cultural material 45-60 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material Across from 828 Edgecliff Drive, south side of road Shovel Probe 8 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-35 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 35-50 Mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) fine sand No cultural material By mailbox for 813 Edgecliff Drive

Caldera Archaeology [28] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 9 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand, some 0-40 No cultural material. gravels Mottled grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly fine 40-50 No cultural material sand At telephone pole across from 736 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 10 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loamy 0-25 No cultural material. fine sand Mottled dark gray (10YR 3/1) gravelly fine sand; 25-40 No cultural material saturated At telephone pole across from 720 / 724 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 11 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-20 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 20-35 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy fine sand No cultural material 35-45 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material Across from 718 / 678 Edgecliff Drive property line, south side of road Shovel Probe 12 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 15-30 Brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand No cultural material Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 30-40 No cultural material sand 2.5 meters west of driveway for 678 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 13 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-25 Brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly fine sand No cultural material. 25-45 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material Center of property at 619 Edgecliff Drive, at edged of asphalt Shovel Probe 14 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material (1 0-25 Brown (10YR 5/2) loamy fine sand piece of clear glass – modern), truncated 25-40 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material Across from mailbox for 605 Edgecliff Drive, north side of road Shovel Probe 15 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand truncated Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 15-45 No cultural material sand 2.75 meters east of driveway for 526 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 16 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-10 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 10-35 No cultural material sand 35-45 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material

Caldera Archaeology [29] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Intersection of Edgecliff Drive and Decker Avenue by mailbox for 509 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 17 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-10 Gravel No cultural materia. 10-25 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material 25-35 Pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand No cultural material Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 35-45 No cultural material sand 6 meters west of driveway for 430 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 18 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-10 Brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand truncated Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 10-30 No cultural material sand West of Woodsong Lane, south side of road Shovel Probe 19 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-10 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material 10-25 Pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand No cultural material Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 25-40 No cultural material sand At edge of western driveway for 409 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 20 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material 15-35 Pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand No cultural material Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 35-50 No cultural material sand By hydrant at eastern property line of 321 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 21 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 15-30 Brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand No cultural material Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly fine to medium 30-40 No cultural material sand Across from 318 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 22 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. 15-35 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loamy fine sand No cultural material 35-45 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material West side of Noble Creek, south side of road Shovel Probe 23 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-15 Gravel truncated 15-45 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material West of driveway for 311 Edgecliff Drive

Caldera Archaeology [30] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 24 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-20 Pale brown (10R 6/3) gravelly medium sand No cultural material. 20-35 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loam No cultural material 35-45 Brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 45-50 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material At address marker for 4234 Indian Point Lane, north side of road Shovel Probe 25 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-20 No cultural material. sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) slightly gravelly fine 20-60 No cultural material sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly 60-70 No cultural material medium sand At address marker / fence for 4246 Indian Point Lane, north side of road Shovel Probe 26 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loam over asphalt No cultural material. At intersection of Indian Point Lane and Wilkinson Road / Wateredge Drive, north side of road Shovel Probe 27 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-20 Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly medium sand truncated Light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly medium 20-40 No cultural material sand Across from 843 Decker Avenue at middle of vacant lot Shovel Probe 28 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-20 No cultural material. sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) slightly gravelly fine 20-35 No cultural material sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand 5 meters north of driveway for 835 Decker Avenue, west side of road Shovel Probe 29 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-20 No cultural material. sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) slightly gravelly fine 20-35 No cultural material sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand 3 meters north of hydrant across from south property line for 830 Decker Avenue, west side of road Shovel Probe 30 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-30 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand truncated At telephone pole across from 826 Decker Avenue, west side of road

Caldera Archaeology [31] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 31 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loam No cultural material 15-35 Brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 35-40 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material 3 meters south of driveway for 723 Decker Avenue Shovel Probe 32 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loam No cultural material 15-35 Brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 35-40 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material By hydrant at southeast corner of 715 Decker Avenue Shovel Probe 33 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-15 Gravel truncated 15-40 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material Across from walkway to 714 Decker Avenue, west side of road Shovel Probe 34 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loam No cultural material 15-30 Brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 30-40 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material At southeast corner of 509 Edgecliff Drive Shovel Probe 35 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-20 No cultural material. sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) slightly gravelly fine 20-35 No cultural material sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand 15 meters south of Edgecliff Drive on east side of Furman Avenue Shovel Probe 36 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-20 No cultural material. sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly fine 20-35 No cultural material sand Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand Across from garage at 605 Edgecliff Drive, west side of Furman Avenue Shovel Probe 37 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-20 No cultural material. sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly fine 20-35 No cultural material sand Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand Across from garage at 756 Furman Avenue, west side of road

Caldera Archaeology [32] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 38 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-25 No cultural material sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly fine 25-40 No cultural material. sand Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 40-50 No cultural material medium sand At southwest corner of 752 Furman Avenue Shovel Probe 39 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loam No cultural material 15-30 Brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 30-40 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material South side of driveway across from 791 Furman Avenue, east side of road Shovel Probe 40 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Dark brown (10YR 3/3) slightly gravelly loamy fine 0-20 No cultural material sand Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) slightly gravelly fine 20-35 No cultural material sand Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand North of walkway to 830 Furman Avenue, east side of road Shovel Probe 41 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material 30-40 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly medium sand No cultural material At south side of private road across from 805 Furman Avenue Shovel Probe 42 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) slightly gravelly fine 15-35 No cultural material sand Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand At northeast corner of vacant lot across from 835 Furman Avenue, east side of road Shovel Probe 43 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-15 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) slightly gravelly fine 15-35 No cultural material sand Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 35-45 No cultural material medium sand Center of 846 Furman Avenue

Caldera Archaeology [33] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 44 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-20 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 20-35 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly medium sand No cultural material North side of driveway for 421 Island View Lane, west side of road Shovel Probe 45 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-20 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy fine sand truncated Mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 20-30 No cultural material medium sand At south side of driveway for 431 Island View Lane, west side of road Shovel Probe 46 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material; telecom marker tape at 0-60 Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy fine sand 60 cm – abandoned line? – unit terminated Southwest corner of intersection of 6th and Island View Lane at south east property corner of 424 6th Street Shovel Probe 47 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Very dark brown (10YR 2/2) to black (10YR 2/1) No cultural material; 0-40 silty fine sand water table at 30 cm 5 meters east of driveway for 429 6th Street Shovel Probe 48 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty fine sand with 0-20 No cultural material common organics No cultural material; 20-50 Peat water table at 45 cm Across from 424 6th Street on south side of road Shovel Probe 49 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty fine sand with 0-20 No cultural material common organics No cultural material; 20-50 Peat water table at 45 cm Across from east side of Island View Lane, south side of 6th Street Shovel Probe 50 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-40 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. Mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 40-50 No cultural material medium sand 6.5 meters east of Al Anderson Avenue, south side of 6th Street Shovel Probe 51 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-25 Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 25-40 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material 3 meters east of driveway for 301 6th Street

Caldera Archaeology [34] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 52 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-20 Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material. 20-50 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material At southeast property corner for 220 6th Street Shovel Probe 53 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-20 Gravel truncated 20-50 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material 2 meters east of walkway for 216 6th Street Shovel Probe 54 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy fine sand, asphalt No cultural material, 0-25 chunks truncated 25-50 Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) gravelly medium sand No cultural material Adjacent to power pole at 215 6th Street Shovel Probe 55 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-35 Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy fine sand truncated 35-50 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) medium sand No cultural material Adjacent to power pole on east side of Groom Lane Shovel Probe 56 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-25 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material 25-45 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly fine sand No cultural material 45-55 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) medium sand No cultural material East side of bus stop on south side of 6th Street Shovel Probe 57 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material; 0-20 Mulch over brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand wire fence tie 20-50 Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand No cultural material Mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sand No cultural material East side of Brookhaven Creek, north side of 6th Street Shovel Probe 58 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-60 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sand, asphalt chunks No cultural material. Mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly 60-70 No cultural material fine sand At northwest corner of intersection of 6th Street and Cascade Avenue Shovel Probe 59 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) slightly gravelly fine to No cultural material, 0-20 medium sand truncated 25-40 Grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly medium sand No cultural material 15 meters north of Suzane Court on west side of Al Anderson Avenue

Caldera Archaeology [35] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 60 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy fine sand over 0-20 No cultural material. asphalt Across from south property line for 315 Louisa Street, west side of Al Anderson Avenue Shovel Probe 61 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loamy 0-45 No cultural material fine sand 45-50 Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt No cultural material Mottled light grayish brown (10YR 6/2) gravelly fine 50-60 No cultural material sand Across from the south side of Louisa Street, west side of Al Anderson Avenue Shovel Probe 62 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-30 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy fine sand No cultural material Mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) gravelly fine 30-50 No cultural material sand 17 meters north of Louisa Street, west side of Al Anderson Avenue Shovel Probe 63 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-35 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loamy fine sand truncated Mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) gravelly fine 35-50 No cultural material sand Across from 305 6th Street, west side of Al Anderson Avenue Shovel Probe 64 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-25 Dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand No cultural material 25-45 Gray (10YR 5/1) fine sand No cultural material North side of 3rd Street near manhole cover #22 Shovel Probe 65 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments No cultural material, 0-30 Grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand truncated 30-50 Mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sand No cultural material At curb in front of Island County Housing Authority community building, south side of 3rd Street Shovel Probe 66 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine 0-50 No cultural material. sand 50-70 Mottled grayish brown (10YR 5/2) medium sand No cultural material South side of 3rd Street near middle of parking area Shovel Probe 67 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine 0-30 No cultural material sand Mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) gravelly fine to 30-50 No cultural material medium sand East side of Brookhaven Creek, south side of 3rd Street

Caldera Archaeology [36] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects

Shovel Probe 68 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-30 Brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material. Mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty fine to 30-40 No cultural material medium sand North side of 4th Street across from 205 4th Street Shovel Probe 69 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-40 Brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material 40-60 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material 60-80 Dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, common organics No cultural material 80-100 Gray (10YR 5/1) medium sand No cultural material Across from the west side of 137 4th Street, north side of 4th Street Shovel Probe 71 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-30 Brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material Mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty fine to 30-40 No cultural material medium sand Across from the east side of 137 4th Street, north side of 4th Street Shovel Probe 71 CM Depth Sediments/contents Comments 0-30 Brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand No cultural material 30-70 Mottled grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand No cultural material Mixed brown (10YR 4/3) and grayish brown (10YR 70-90 No cultural material 5/2) silt Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) to brown 90-100 No cultural material (10YR 4/3) silt 100-130 Gray (10YR 5/1) medium sand No cultural material West side of Brookhaven Creek channel, north side of 4th Street

Caldera Archaeology [37] Technical Report 0320F: City of Langley Infrastructure Projects