National Indian Law Library

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NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND The Native American Rights Fund is a non-profit organization specializing in the protection of Indian rights. The priorities of NARF are: (1) the preservation of tribal existence; (2) the protection of tribal natural resources; (3) the promotion of human rights; (4) the accountability of governments to Native Americans; and (5) the development of Indian law.

Steering Committee Dr. Jonas Salk National Indian Law Library Chris McNeil, Jr. (Tlingit) Chairman Will Sampson, Jr. (Creek) Deanne Harragarra Waters Alaska (Kiowa/Otoe-Missouria) Leslie Marmon Silko (Laguna Pueblo) Law Librarian George Kalama (Nisqually) Vice-Chairman Washington Connie Stevens Bryce M. Wildcat (Pawnee-Euchee) Research Assistant Kenneth Custalow (Mattaponi) Maria Tallchief (Osage) Virginia Studs Terkel Joyce Gates (Seneca) Secretary Ada Deer (Menominee) Ruth Thompson Wisconsin Mary Mousseau (Santee Sioux) Tenaya Torres (ChiricahuaApache) Librarian Assistant Roger Jim (Yakima) Dennis Weaver Washington Professional Staff Special thanks to: Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr., Bernard Kayate (Laguna Pueblo) Anita Austin (Chippewa-Sioux) Scott Francis, Jamake Highwater, and Hon­ New Mexico Technical Writer orable Ted Weiss who are not listed above and Patrick Lefthand (Kootenai) whose terms expired on December 31, 1983. Rose Brave (Oglala Sioux) Montana Office Manager *Term effective December 1984 Wayne Newell (Passamaquoddy) Susan Hart Maine Corporate Officers Controller John E. Echohawk (Pawnee) Mary Hanewall Leonard Norris, Jr. (Klamath) Executive Director Oregon Development Officer Jeanne S. Whiteing (Blackfeet-Cahuilla) Marian Heymsfield Harvey Paymella (Hopi-Tewa) Deputy Director Arizona Head Bookkeeper Mary L. Hanewall Christopher Peters (Yurok) Marilyn Pourier (Oglala Sioux) Development Officer California Planned Giving Coordinator Susan Rosseter Hart Caleb Pongowiyi (Inupiat) Support Staff Secretary/Treasurer Alaska Sandy Bigtree (Mohawk) Lois J. Risling (Hoopa) Staff Attorneys Legal Secretary California Lare Aschenbrenner Denise Borchardt Wade Teeple (Chippewa) Robert Anderson (Nett Lake Chippewa) Legal Secretary Michigan Richard J. Dauphinais Mary Sumbera National Support Committee (Turtle Mountain Chippewa) Legal Secretary Owanah Anderson (Choctaw) Walter R. Echo-Hawk (Pawnee) Sue Feller Bookkeeper *Edward Asner Kim Jerome Gottschalk Patrita Lujan (Taos/Santa Ana) Yvonne T. Knight (Ponca-Creek) Katrina McCormick Barnes Receptionist Arlinda Locklear (Lumbee) Earl Biss (Crow) Patricia Moore (Santa Domingo Pueblo) Carole Bourdo (Blackfeet) DonB. Miller File Clerk David Brubeck Steven Moore Steve Platero (Navajo) Printer Iron Eyes Cody (Cherokee-Cree) Robert Peregoy (Flathead) Mary Lu Prosser (Cheyenne River Sioux) Val Cordova (Taos Pueblo) Henry J. Sockbeson (Penobscot) Administrative Assistant Sy Gomberg Alma Upicksoun (lnupiat) Debbie Raymond (Navajo) Will H. Hays, Jr. Jeanne S. Whiteing (Blackfeet-Cahuilla) Legal Secretary Alvin M. Josephy, Jr. Jeannette Wolfley Rena Tardugno (Navajo/Shoshone-Bannock) Ben Nighthorse Campbell Legal Secretary (Northern Cheyenne) Of Counsel Susan Tuttle Alfonso Ortiz (San Juan Tewa) Richard B. Collins Bookkeeper Bruce R. Greene David Risling, Jr. (Hoopa) Marilyn White (Mohawk) Thomas N. Tureen Legal Secretary *Pernell Roberts Charles F. Wilkinson

COVER: Black Bird Woman, a painting by Crow artist Kevin Red Star, was featured as the poster for NARF's 1984 "Visions of the Earth" art show. This poster is still available for sale from NARF ($25 unsigned).

1984 ANNUAL REPORT National Indian Law library 1 522 Broadway BouL. 1sr, CO 80002

Chairman's Message ...... 2

Executive Director's Report ...... 3

The Steering Committee ...... 4, 5

The National Support Committee...... 6

Introduction ...... 8 Main Office Native American Rights Fund The Preservation of Tribal Existence ...... 9 1506 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80302 The Protection of Tribal Natural Resources. . . . . 11 303-447-8760 The Promotion of Human Rights...... 14 Washington, D.C. Office Native American Rights Fund 1712 N Street, N.W. The Accountability of Governments ...... 16 Washington, D.C. 20036 202-785-4166 The Development of Indian Law ...... 17

Anchorage Office Treasurer's Report ...... 20 Native American Rights Fund 550 W. 8th Avenue-Suite 300 Anchorage, AK 99501

Tax Status The Native American Rights Fund Photos: John Youngblut (Boulder, CO); Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institute (NARF) is a nonprofit, charitable or­ (Washington, DC). ganization incorporated in 1971 under Typesetting: Horizon Graphics & Type Co. (Boulder, CO) the laws of the District of Columbia. Design and Graphics: DWI Associates (Boulder, CO) NARF is exempt from federal income tax under the provisions of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Contributions to NARF are tax deduc­ tible. The Internal Revenue Service has ruled that NARF is not a "private foundation" as defined in Section 509( a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Founded in 1970 and incorporated in 1971 in Washington, D.C.

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 1 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE

As the Native American Rights Fund prepares to mark is fifteenth anniversary, it is an appropriate time to briefly examine the impact NARF has had over these years. From its beginnings in 1970 as a three-attorney office to its present sixteen-attorney status, the need for legal representation for Indian tribes and indi­ viduals has constantly increased. NARF's recent de­ cision to open an office in Anchorage, Alaska, attests to the ever-expanding need of Native people for legal representation. During these past fifteen years NARF has provided the expert legal representation that most Native Americans cannot afford. With NARF's help, Native Americans can stand on equal footing with others in asserting their legal rights. Over these fifteen years oflegal advocacy on behalf of Indian people, NARF has enabled scores of tribes in hundreds of cases to protect unique rights. From work on the landmark fishing rights protection cases in Washington and Michigan to the historic land set­ Chris McNeil, Jr. (Tlinglit) Chairman tlement on behalf of the Passamaquoddy and Penob­ scot Tribes of Maine, NARF has been actively in­ volved whenever vital Indian interests were at stake. The recent opening of NARF's Alaska office has prefaced what may well be the most difficult problem for Native peoples which NARF has thus far faced. Because of the unique way in which the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act is structured, the year 1991, when the protections of the Act are scheduled to expire, will be a watershed. Because NARF is in Alaska, it will be able to assist Alaska Native clients in assessing the critical "1991" issues and acting as an advocate in their behalf. As Chairman of NARF's Steering Committee, I am keenly aware of the challenges which NARF has met over these past fifte~n years. I am also aware of the huge task which lies ahead for Native Americans. It will require an enormous effort and sufficient financial support for this effort to be successful. We thank everyone who has supported us these past fifteen years and we hope you will continue to assist us in protecting the rights of all American Indians.

2 1984 ANNUAL REPORT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S REPORT

On land claims, the Wisconsin Oneidas prevailed in their efforts to establish title to aboriginal lands in New York and monetary damages for their illegal use, but the Supreme Court has decided to review the case. A federal appeals court ruling held that the land claim of the Catawba Tribe in South Carolina had not been extinguished and allows the Tribe to pursue it. Significant Indian water rights developments in­ cluded the Supreme Court's decision upholding condi­ tions imposed by the Secretary of the Interior on a power project in southern California protecting the water rights of five bands of Mission Indians. A federal appeals court also decided that the Klamath Tribe of Oregon is entitled to sufficient water to sustain its treaty hunting and fishing rights on former reservation lands with an aboriginal priority date. In the area of hunting and fishing rights, a federal appeals cqurt held that the Klamath Tribe's treaty hunting and fishing rights extended to all former John E. Echohawk (Pawnee) NARF Executive Director reservation lands within their original reservation. In the protection of. Indian religious freedom, an 1984 marked the fourteenth year in which the Native administrative law judge denied a license to a power American Rights Fund provided legal representation to project in Montana that threatens Kootenai Falls, a Indian tribes, organizations and individuals on issues of sacred site in traditional Kootenai religion. major significanc~ to Indian people throughout the Another significant development in 1984 was the countt>': The access to justice provided by NARF's decision to open a NARF office in Alaska. Requests representation resulted in many important victories in for assistance from Alaska Native villages increased to 1984 for Indian people. the point that a separate office in Alaska was the most In the area of tribal sovereignty, the United States feasible way to address the important Native issues of Supreme Court rejected state jurisdiction over a large sovereignty and subsistence hunting and fishing that portion of the Cheyenne River Sioux reservation in emerge as native protections in the Alaska Native South Dakota in favor of tribal and federal jurisdiction. Claims Settlement Act move toward expiration in Federal appeals court rulings held Blackfeet tribal oil 1991. and gas revenues immune from state taxation and These victories and progress in other NARF cases upheld the immunity of tribes and tribal officials from helped to make 1984 a s_uccessful year. We thank suit without their consent. everyone who supported us financially in fiscal year In the land rights area, the Supreme Court let stand 1984 and hope that you will continue to work with us to a ruling requiring tribal consent for rights-of-way across make justice accessible to Indian people. tribal land in addition to the consent of the government. In the settlement of a dispute over the impact of a reservoir on the Tribe's land and wild rice gathering rights, the Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa Tribe of Wisconsin received 4,500 acres of exchange land, $250,000 and the right to operate a hydroelectric power facility at the dam and reservoir.

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 3 THE STEERING COMMITTEE

NARF is governed by a thirteen­ Current members of the Steering Committee are: mem ber Steering Committee composed entirely of Indian people Chris McNeil, Jr. (Tlingit), Harvey Paymella (Hopi-Tewa) from throughout the country. The Chairman Arizona Steering Committee decides the Alaska Christopher H. Peters (Yurok) direction of NARF's activities George Kalama (Nisqually), California under the priorities and policies Vice-Chairman Norman M. Ration they have established. Members Washington (Navajo-Laguna) are chosen on the basis of their Kenneth Custalow (Msattaponi) Arizona involvement in and knowledge of Virginia Lois Risling (Hoopa) Indian affairs and issues. Gene Gentry (Klamath) California Oregon Wade Teeple (Chippewa) Roger Jim (Yakima) Michigan Washington *Caleb Pongowiyi (lnupiat) Bernard Kayate (Laguna Pueblo) Alaska New Mexico *Ada Deer (Menominee) Wayne Newell (Passamaquoddy) Wisconsin Maine - Leonard Norris (Klamath) Oregon *Terms effective 11-84.

Chris McNeil, Jr. (Tlinglit) Chairman Alaska

George Kalama (Nisqually) Steering Committee Vice-Chairman Washington

4 1984 ANNUAL REPORT CLOCKWISE:

Kenneth Custalow (Mattaponi) Virginia Wade Teeple (Chippewa) Michigan Norman Ration (Navajo) Arizona Christopher Peters (Yurok) California Bernard Kayate (Laguna Pueblo) Roger Jim (Yakima) Washington New Mexico Harvey Paymella (Hopi-Tewa) Arizona

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 5 THE NATIONAL SUPPORT COMMITTEE

The National Support Committee was established in 1978 to assist NARF with its fundraising efforts nationwide. Some of the individuals on the Committee are prominent in the field of business, entertain­ ment and the arts. Others are known advocates for the rights of the underserved. All of the volun­ teers on the Committee are com­ mitted to upholding Indian rights for America's Native Americans.

Owanah Anderson (Choctaw) *Edward Asner Katrina McCormick Barnes David Brubeck Iron Eyes Cody (Cherokee-Cree) Val Cordova (Taos Pueblo) Sy Gomberg Will H. Hays, Jr. Alvin M. Josephy, Jr. Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Northern Cheyenne) Alfonso Ortiz (San Juan Tewa) David Risling, Jr. (Hoopa) *Pernell Roberts Dr. Jonas Salk Will Sampson, Jr. (Creek) Leslie Marmon Silko (Laguna Pueblo) Connie Stevens Maria Tallchief (Osage) Studs Terkel Ruth Thompson Tenaya Torres (Chiricahua Apache) Dennis Weaver Special thanks to: Gov. Edmund G. Brown Jr., Scott Franics, Jamake Highwater and Honorable Ted Weiss who are not listed above *Terms effective December and whose terms expired on De­ 1984. cember 31, 1983.

6 1984 ANNUAL REPORT

INTRODUCTION

During the 1984 fiscal year, the ous regulations and administrative The accomplishments and growth Native American Rights Fund rep­ rulings have created a unique body of NARF over the years confirm the resented 78 tribes in 26 states. of law called Indian law which gov: great need for Indian legal repre­ NARF's legal expertise has con­ ems the lives of Indian people. sentation on a national basis. This tinued to be a vital force in the Indian legal services programs legal advocacy on behalf of Native protection of the rights of American could not assist Indians every­ Americans is as crucial now as Indians. This year NARF will ob­ where, so the need for a national ever. NARF strives to protect the serve its fifteenth anniversary as the program to provide these services most important rights of Indian national Indian legal defense fund. also became apparent. The Native people within the limit of available Over the years NARF has gained, American Rights Fund emerged in resources. To achieve this goal, through its hundreds of cases and California in 1970 to fill this need. NARF's Steering Committee has many pieces of legislation, the mark NARF was relocated to Boulder, defined five priority areas for of a proven advocate in matters Colorado, a more central location NARF's work. These five priorities which will affect this and future to Indian country, in 1971. Since the areas are: (1) the preservation of generations of Native Americans. beginning, the national scope of tribal existence; (2) the protection legal work undertaken by NARF as of tribal natural resources; (3) the The Founding of NARF a nonprofit organization has been promotion of human rights; (4) the Many federally-funded legal ser­ supported by private and federal accountability of governments to vices programs were established grants, corporations, individuals, Native Americans; and (5) the de­ around the country in the 1960's. and limited client fees. velopment of Indian law. Following These programs were aimed at are brief highlights of NARF's work providing legal representation for during the 1984 fiscal year in each of poor and disadvantaged people. It these five priority areas. was through these legal services programs that the special needs of Indian people became apparent. The hundreds of treaties, thou­ sands of federal statutes and numer-

Sandy Bigtree (Mohawk) Administrative Assistant (Top) Walter Echo-Hawk (Pawnee) NARF Attorney (Bottom) Steve Platero (Navajo) Printer

8 1984 ANNUAL REPORT THE PRESERVATION OF TRIBAL EXISTENCE

The most critical issue facing Tribal Sovereignty In Kennerly v. U.S., NARF also Indian tribes today is the preserva­ Tribes possess the power to reg­ represents the Blackfeet Tribe and tion of their existence as govern­ ulate the internal affairs of their successfully asserted the immunity mental entities with all the power members and the activities within from suit of the Tribe and tribal and authority that that status en­ their reservations since they are officials, an attribute of the Tribe's tails. Thus the focus of much of sovereign governments. Conflicts sovereignty. In another matter NARF's work involves issues rela­ often arise with states, the federal NARF has begun negotiations with ting to the preservation and en­ government, and others over these the State of Nebraska on behalf of forcement of the status of tribes as powers. NARF handled several the Winnebago Tribe concerning sovereign, self-governing bodies. cases during the past year which the retrocession back to the Tribe For other tribes, the issues are dealt with such conflicts. and federal government of the more basic - persuading the fed­ The most prominent case in this state's jurisdiction over the reser­ eral government to recognize their area during the past year was Solem vation obtained through a 1953 law. status as tribes or, in some cases, v. Bartlett in which NARF repre­ And in American Indian Agricul­ convincing Congress to reverse the sented a Cheyenne River Sioux tural Credit Consortium v. Quinn, termination of their tribal status and tribal member. The suit challenged NARF represents an individual In­ restore them as tribes. In both South Dakota's criminal jurisdiction dian in asserting that the proper cases, such "official" status allows over Indians in a 1.6-million-acre forum for the reservation debt col­ the particular tribe to exercise vital area of the Tribe's reservation lection case is a tribal court and that governing powers and entitles them opened to non-Indian settlement in federal courts lack jurisdiction. to basic health, educational, and 1908. The United States Supreme other services. Court unanimously agreed that this area had not been removed from reservation status and rejected state jurisdiction in favor of federal and tribal jurisdiction. The case was argued by NARF staff attorney Arlinda Locklear, who became the first Indian woman to argue in Su­ preme Court. Another important case in this area is Blackfeet Tribe v. Groff, which challenges the State of Mon­ tana's taxation of tribal oil and gas royalties from reservation produc­ tion. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held the tax invalid in a decision which will affect many Mary Lu Prosser, Administrative Assistant tribes and states, but the Supreme Arlinda Locklear (Lumbee) NARF Attorney Court has decided to review the case.

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 9 On taxation matters, NARF is Tribe of North Dakota in drafting a and drafted by NARF extending investigating the validity of a coun­ new code and certain constitutional federal recognition to the Mashan­ ty's tax on fee lands owned by amendments. The articles and by­ tucket Pequot in Connecticut as Indians on the Winnebago Reserva­ laws of the Tribal Economic Cor­ part of their land claims settlement. tion in Nebraska. In Alaska, NARF poration of the Bay Mills Indian In addition, NARF continued work represented an individual Alaska Community of Michigan were also on federal recognition petitions for Native in Karmun v. Commission­ reviewed. the Houma of Louisiana, the Pauc­ er, an appeal of an adverse tax In a special project, NARF sur­ atuck Eastern Pequot of Connecti­ court decision involving federal veyed several tribes on their efforts cut, and the Mashpee Wampanoag taxation of income from the opera­ to develop tribal laws to stimulate of Massachusetts. Following suc­ tion of a reindeer herd held in trust business development on reserva­ cessful status clarification legis­ for Alaska Native herders by the tions. Based on this experience, lation last year for the Texas Band federal government. In a similar NARF is planning a series of con­ of Kickapoo, NARF worked to im­ matter, a tribal member from the ferences to share information on plement the social services and Bay Mills Indian Community of tribal commercial law development citizenship called for in the bill. Michigan requested assistance con­ alternatives. When the State of Texas withdrew cerning the federal taxation of in­ its recognition of the Alabama-Cou­ come generated from exercising Recognition and Restoration shatta Tribe, NARF filed suit on treaty fishing rights on the Great Gaining federal recognition of behalf of the Tribe challenging the Lakes. Finally, at the request of the tribal status or Congressional re­ action. NARF continued its prep­ Keystone Center in Colorado, storation of tribal status previously arations on behalf of the Alabama­ NARF assisted in developing a tax terminated is a lengthy administra­ Coushatta and the Tigua Tribe of manual for tribes which focused on tive or legislative process. Years of Texas to seek federal legislation the administration of various taxes legal assistance are often needed by restoring their tribal status and which tribes could implement. tribes involved in these processes. agreed to assist the Klamath Tribe NARF _also provides assistance Early in the fiscal year, President of Oregon with similar legislation. to tribes in refining and asserting Reagan signed legislation negotiated the authority of their tribal govern­ ment. In a major effort in conjunc­ tion with the Council of Energy Resource Tribes, NARF worked to amend the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act to allow tribal regulation of mining on Indian land and funds to support such a pro­ gram. Although not successful in 1984, the effort will continue. NARF provided assistance to the Northern Cheyenne Tribe of Mon­ tana in developing an ordinance to establish a tribal business develop­ ment office and in reviewing their ordinance for the regulation of bin­ go on the reservation. NARF also reviewed and commented on a commercial code for the Navajo Alma Upicksoun (lnupiat) NARF Attorney Tribe and aided the Fort Berthold

10 1984 ANNUAL REPORT THE PROTECTION OF TRIBAL NATURAL RESOURCES

The protection of tribal natural NARF was successful in repre­ After years of administrative pro­ resources is closely linked to the senting the Walker River Paiute ceedings and negotiations, the Lac preservation of tribal existence. Tribe of Nevada when the Supreme Courte Oreilles Chippewa in Wis­ Without a sufficient natural re­ Court declined review of Southern consin represented by NARF set­ source base to sustain it, tribal Pacific v. Clark, thus letting stand a tled their case against a power existence is difficult to maintain. In lower court decision upholding the company whose dam flooded tribal this area, NARF helps Indian people requirement of tribal consent before land and destroyed the Tribe's establish ownership and control of the Secretary of the Interior can treaty-protected wild rice areas. land, water rights, and hunting and grant a reservation right-of-way. The Tribe received 4,500 acres of fishing rights. Following that action, negotiations exchange land, $250,000, and the resumed to settle trespass damages right to operate a hydroelectric Protection of Indian Rights in Walker River Paiute Tribe v. facility on the reservoir behind the For American Indians, the land Southern Pacific, where NARF has dam. has traditionally possessed a spirit­ already established the invalidity of NARF continued its representa­ ual significance. It continues to be a railroad's right-of-way across the tion in Swinomish Tribe v. Burling­ important today as a homeland reservation. ton Northern and related cases in where tribal ways of life and tribal Washington State where the Tribe self-government can endure. In is asserting title. to tidelands on its many instances, however, tribal reservation crossed by several il­ land has been illegally occupied and legal rights-of-way. NARF also con­ in other situations, tribal land rights tinues work in Yankton Sioux Tribe are uncertain and in need of clari­ v. Nelson where the Tribe asserts fication. title to a lakebed against a com­ peting claim of the State of South Dakota.

Mary Hanewall, Development Officer

Susan Hart, Controller (Top) Yvonne Knight (Ponca), NARF Attorney (Bottom)

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 11 Potter u. South Dakota involves Eastern Land Claims King of England was upheld by the a Sioux Indian allottee claiming title NARF began representing many Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, to an allotment that was subse- Eastern tribes in their land claims but an appeal to the Supreme Court quently lost when the federal gov- during the 1970's. Most of these is expected. Representing the Ala- ernment illegally transformed the claims are based on the Indian bama-Coushatta Tribe, NARF filed trust allotment into fee status. The Nonintercourse Act of 1790, al- a claim seeking damages against 1' case will affect many other similar though the specifics of each indiv- the United States for failure to ,, claims which are pending. NARF idual case vary. The Nonintercourse protect the Tribe's aboriginal lands also filed suit on behalf of the Act prohibits the transfer of Indian in east Texas. Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribe of Okla- land without federal consent, which In other cases, settlement nego- homa seeking the cancellation of an is lacking in each of the cases. In tiations continued in land claims oil and gas communitization agree- 1978, NARF successfully settled cases on behalf of the Gay Head ment approved by the Bureau of the land claim of the Narragansett Wampanoag of Massachusetts, the Indian Affairs without tribal consent. Tribe of Rhode Island. Then in Tunica-Biloxi of Louisiana, the The San Juan Southern Paiute 1980, the historic Maine Indian Set- Stockbridge-Munsee Tribe of Wis- Tribe, represented by NARF, was tlement Act was finalized with consin, the Schaghticoke Tribe of successful in intervening in Sidney NARF's assistance on behalf of the Connecticut, and the Paucatuck u. Zah, a case in which the Tribe Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Eastern Pequot Tribe of Connecti- asserts title to land in Arizona. Tribes. cut. NARF also assisted the Northwes- During this past fiscal year, Water Rights tern Band of Shoshone in Utah in NARF's efforts on Eastern land Since the majority of this coun- obtaining federal trust status for claims have continued. The Mash- try's Indians reside in the western their land, and continues to assist antucket Pequot's land claim in states where water is scarce, water the Pamunkey Tribe of Virginia to Connecticut was settled by an act rights are of central importance to clarify reservation boundaries. of Congress providing for $900,000 many tribes. Nearly all of the west- NARF also filed and settled a power to purchase 800 acres; tribal recog- em tribes are involved in either line trespass case for the Ft. Mc- nition and partial tribal jurisdiction. litigation or negotiations to protect Dowell Mohave-Apache in Arizona. NARF has represented the Tribe in their water rights. the claim since 1976. In Escondido Mutual u. La Jolla, NARF represents the Wisconsin the Supreme Court held that the Oneida Tribe in two claims for Federal Energy Regulatory Com- lands in New York State. In a case potentially affecting 250,000 acres, the Tribe won a favorable decision in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, but the Supreme Court has decided to review the case. tl The other claim, which is based ~ upon the failure to comply with the Articles of Confederation and in- valves 5.5 million acres, went to trial during the year and a decision is awaited. The 144,000-acre claim of the Catawba Tribe of South Carolina Don Miller, NARF Attorney based on a 1763 treaty with the Marian Heymsfield, Head Bookkeeper

12 1984 ANNUAL REPORT mission must accept conditions a license for a power project on the Hunting and Fishing Rights imposed by the Secretary of the river leading to Pyramid Lake in For both subsistence and com­ Interior to protect tribal water rights order to protect the Tribe's fishery mercial purposes, the right to hunt in the licensing of hydroelectric in the Lake. and fish in traditional areas both on power projects. NARF has been Research is in progress on behalf and off-reservation remains a vital working with several bands of Mis­ of the Walker River Paiute of issue in Indian country. NARF has sion Indians in southern California Nevada in order to obtain additional worked as lead counsel in two for years in asserting and protecting water for agricultural use on their landmark treaty fishing rights cases, their water rights which are affected reservation. U.S. v. Washington and U.S. v. by a power project in that area. NARF has assisted the Cheme­ Michigan, involving the Puget In U.S. v. Adair, NARF won a huevi Tribe in California in applying Sound and Great Lakes treaty fish­ favorable judgment from the Ninth for a Bureau of Reclamation loan to eries, and has earned a reputation Circuit Court of Appeals which utilize their water rights by building for a high level of expertise in this upheld the right of the Klamath an agricultural project. NARF also area. NARF has continued its work Tribe of Oregon to sufficient water advised the Sealaska Corporation, in the Michigan case on behalf of to maintain their treaty rights to an Alaska Native-owned corpora­ the Bay Mills Chippewa Indian hunt and fish on former reservation tion in southern Alaska, on its water Community in an effort to allocate lands. This right must now be quan­ rights, and continued discussions the fishery to further define Bay tified in the state court. with the Department of the Interior, Mills' rights. NARF continues to represent Western Governor's Association, In Klamath Tribe v. Oregon De­ the Muckleshoot Tribe of Washing­ Western Regional Council, National partment of Fish and Game, the ton in their case asserting the Congress of American Indians and Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Tribe's water rights to maintain a the Council of Energy Resource upheld treaty hunting and fishing tribal fishery in White River as Tribes on the federal responsibility rights on 700,000 acres of former against an upstream power project in resolving Indian water rights reservation land which was ceded which diverts the River around the disputes. to the federal government in 1901. Reservation. Efforts continue to NARF will now represent the Tribe avoid state court adjudication of the before the Supreme Court which water rights of the Ft. McDowell has decided to review the case. Mohave-Apache Indian Communi­ NARF has been advising the ty of Arizona and the Northern Alaska Native Village of Unalakleet Cheyenne of Montana, who prefer on its tribal authority to regulate federal court jurisdiction. hunting and fishing in its traditional The Southern Ute and Ute subsistence area. NARF also ad­ Mountain Ute Tribes in Colorado vised the Lac La Croix Band of and their non-Indian neighbors Chippewa located just across the were again unsuccessful in gaining Canadian border from Minnesota congress\onal support for a water on their fishing rights in lakes on the project which would settle their United States border. water litigation, so NARF is prepar­ ing to proceed with the case on their behalf. NARF also continues to represent the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe in Nevada in proceed­ ings before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to require Steve Moore, NARF Attorney

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 13 THE PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

In addressing human rights, The authority of Indian school dered the school district to justify its NARF seeks to enforce laws which boards over the operations of Bur­ failure to provide the Indians with are designed to protect the unique eau of Indian Affairs schools is data measuring the achievement of needs and problems of Native another important issue. In Flan­ Indian students as a group in the Americans in this area. In 1984, dreau v. Clark, the Flandreau school. NARF provided assistance in prob­ School Board in South Dakota is NARF has also been involved in lems involving Indian education, re­ asserting its right to consultation assisting D-Q University, an Indian­ ligious freedom, and Indian child prior to the BIA's transfer of their controlled college in California, to welfare. school superintendent. Earlier in defend against efforts by the federal the year, NARF represented the government to reclaim federal sur­ Education Navajo Area School Board Associ­ plus land on which the University is The major issue in education for ation, an association of 60 BIA located. The University contests NARF during the past fiscal year school boards, in the development government allegations that condi­ was voting rights in public school of federal regulations concerning tions governing the transfer of the board elections. It is through the BIA school board authority. land have been breached. local school boards that concerned On behalf of the Sisseton-Wah­ Indian people can have the greatest peton Sioux Tribe, NARF has been impact on education policies which enforcing the Indian Impact Aid affect Indian children in public amendments against the Sisseton, schools today. In June of 1982, South Dakota, school district. Congress amended Section 2 of the These amendments require that 1965 Voting Rights Act to prohibit Indian parents have the oppor­ electoral practices and procedures tunity for meaningful input into the that have discriminatory results. planning and operation of the basic Various election methods are still in school program. During the year, place, however, preventing Indian the Department of Education or- people from fully participating in the elections of school boards. During the past year, NARF filed its first voting rights case against a school board, Buckanaga v. Sisse­ ton Independent School District. A temporary restraining order halting the school board election was grant­ ed by the federal district court in South Dakota and a final decision is awaited. The case was filed on behalf of Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux parents.

Jerilyn DeCoteau (Turtle Mountain Chippewa), Staff Attorney

14 1984 ANNUAL REPORT Religious Freedom In Idaho v. Yazzie, NARF served Indian Child Welfare Act The protection of traditional Na­ as co-counsel to protect the rights The Indian Child Welfare Act tive American religions is synony­ of a Navajo Native American was passed in 1978 to protect the mous with the preservation of the Church practitioner. Eagle feathers cultural identity of Indian children traditional cultures of those peoples. and other religious items were con­ when they were involved in adop­ Indian religions are entitled to the fiscated from the individual's sweat tion or foster care proceedings. In same First Amendment protection lodge and home. NARF asserted Gillespie v. Colorado, NARF rep­ as other religions. This includes that these matters were governed resented the Oglala Sioux Tribe access to and protection of reli­ and protected by federal law and which sought the transfer to tribal gious sites, the use and possession the state's charge against the in­ court of state proceedings concern­ of sacred objects, and the freedom dividual were dropped. ing a child eligible for enrollment in to practice traditional religious cer­ the Oglala Sioux Tribe. The Tribe emonies. was unsuccessful when the Court NARF, representing the Koot­ ruled that the Indian Child Welfare enai Tribes of Idaho, Montana and Act did not apply because the Canada, successfully obtained a matter had originally begun before ruling from an administrative law the Act became effective. In Kiowa judge for the Federal Energy Reg­ Tribe v. Lewis, NARF filed an am­ ulatory Commission denying a hy­ icus curiae brief on behalf of several droelectric power license for a tribes asserting the Kiowa Tribe's proposed project that would direct right to intervene under the Act in the Kootenai River in Montana custody proceedings of a child who around Kootenai Falls, an impor­ is a member of the Kiowa Tribe. tant religious site for the Kootenai traditional religion. The denial was based in part on the adverse impact on the exercise of the traditional religion and the lack of a compelling need for the power to be produced. The ruling is under review by the full Commission.

Anita Austin (Chippewa-Sioux) Technical Writer (Top) Pat Moore (Santa Domingo Pueblo) File Clerk (Bottom)

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 15 THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF GOVERNMENTS

NARF works to hold all levels of Sioux Tribe in reconciling questions increase in water rates by the Bur­ government accountable for the concerning the federal audits of eau of Indian affairs for the Walker proper enforcement of the many their labor manpower programs. River Indian Irrigation Project. laws and regulations which govern Administrative proceedings con­ As a result of Wright v. Schweik­ the lives of Indian people. NARF tinue regarding the St. Regis audit. er, in which NARF represents sev­ continues to be involved in several A decision in the Rosebud Sioux eral Rosebud Sioux tribal members cases which focus primarily on the case resulted in the disallowed costs employed by the Bureau of Indian accountability of the federal gov­ of the Rosebud Tribe being lowered Affairs and the Indian Health Ser­ ernment to Indians. by two-thirds, with further appeals vices, new BIA regulations were NARF participated in hearings possible. issued which allow tribal members held by the Alaska Native Review NARF continues to negotiate a working for the BIA to receive tribal Commission regarding the effects reassessment in rates for irrigation grazing leases at the same rate as of the 1971 Alaska Claims Settle­ water for the Walker River Paiute other tribal members. New IHS ment Act and its impact on the Tribe of Nevada. NARF was able to regulations are expected to be is­ federal powers and trust responsi­ force the repeal of an illegal 500% sued shortly. bilities to Alaska Natives. NARF's testimony explained the legal basis for the exercise of tribal govern­ ment and the federal trust respon­ sibility in the lower 48 states. In another matter, Northern Cheyenne Tribe v. Donovan, filed on behalf of the Northern Chey­ enne, Colville, Osage, Hopi, Lum­ mi, Colorado River and Papago Tribes, N~F was unsuccessful in preventing the closing of three De­ partment of Labor Indian field of­ fices in Seattle, San Francisco and Denver. The court ruled against assertions that the federal govern­ ment was required to consult with Indian tribes prior to the closings and to take into account their spec­ ial needs. NARF has also continued to assist the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe of New York and the Rosebud

16 1984 ANNUAL REPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN LAW

The systematic development of The ILSC continues to assist terns, A Self-Help Manual for Indian Indian law is essential for the con­ directly in litigation involving Economic Development, A Hand­ tinued protection of Indian rights. Muckleshoot tribal water rights, book of Federal Indian Education This includes distributing Indian law civil rights violations against the Lac Laws, A Manual for Protecting materials to, and communicating Vieux Desert Band of Chippewas, Indian Natural Resources, and the with, those groups and individuals individual land allotment protection newly completed A Manual on the working on behalf of Indian people. in Idaho, a tribal constitutional Indian Child Welfare Act and Laws NARF has two ongoing projects amendment for the Pomo and Affecting Indian Juveniles. which are aimed at achieving this Karuk Tribes, and Kickapoo status goal. clarification. Additionally, the ILSC National Indian Law Library has written and widely distributed Another major effort by NARF in Law Indian Support Center five manuals on major areas of this area is the National Indian Law The first of these projects is the Indian law. The manuals include: A Library (NILL). NILL has become Indian Law Support Center (ILSC), Manual on Tribal Regulatory Sys- an invaluable resource for Indian which is one of 17 such national law materials over the 12 years of its support centers funded by the Legal existence. During the 1984 fiscal Services Corporation. NARF has year, NILL responded to well over operated the ILSC since 1972, pro­ 1,600 requests for information from viding backup legal assistance to throughout the country. As the local legal services programs which largest resource center for Indian serve Indians on reservations and in legal materials in the country, ac­ urban areas nationwide. cess to NILL's holdings is essential During the 1984 fiscal year, the to anyone working in the field of ILSC provided assistance to local programs in all areas of Indian law. In respcmding to hundreds of re­ quests, the Center's services have included letter and telephone ad­ vice, furnishing legal materials, co­ counseling in cases, conducting legal research, reviewing drafts of court pleadings and briefs, analy­ zing legislation, and providing other services as requested by legal ser­ vices field programs. The publica­ tion of a monthly newsletter which is then distributed to Indian law practitioners is another service per­ formed by the Center.

Deanna Harragarra Waters (Otoe-Missouria and Kiowa) NILL Librarian (Top) Robert Peregoy (Flathead), Staff Attorney (Bottom)

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND 17 Indian law. While its collection is ties at conferences involving the continually expanding, NILL cur­ Council of Energy Resource Tribes, rently has more than 5,000 holdings the National Congress of American including briefs and pleadings in Indians, the National Indian Youth modem Indian law cases, articles Council, the Keystone Center, the on Indian rights, dissertations, con­ Aspen Institute, and Federal Cen­ gressional documents and other sus Bureau. research materials. A one-thou­ NARF remains firmly committed sand-page catalogue, The NILL to continuing its efforts to dis­ Catalogue: An Index to Indian seminate the legal expertise which Legal Materials and Resources, NARF possesses to those groups along with its supplements, lends and individuals working in support ready access to NILL's extensive of Indian rights, and to foster the collection. The catalogue and its assimilation of Indian rights into supplements have been purchased mainstream society. by law libraries, Indian tribes and organizations, attorneys, federal and state offices, legal services pro­ grams and universities. Other Activities Along with the two main efforts in the area, NARF staff continues its active involvement in national Indian conferences and legal educa­ tion programs. Over the past fiscal year NARF attorneys and staff served in formal or informal capaci-

18 1984 ANNUAL REPORT Papago Osage Colville Northern Cheyenne Hopi Lac La Croix Chippewa Swinomish Oneida Jemez Pueblo Muckleshoot ·Walker River Paiute Pawnee Flathead Kootenai Winnebago Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Mescalero Apache Sac and Fox Unalakleet Moapa Paiutes Klamath Blackfeet San Juan Paiute Bay Mills Chippewa Oglala Sioux Alabama-Coushatta Karok Tuluksak Umatilla Catawba Seminole Lac Court Oreilles Santa Ana Pueblo Fallon Paiute Tule River Duck Vallgey Shoshone Upper Mattaponi Salish Ponca Pauma Mission Band LaJolla Mission Band Mashantucket Pequot Schaghticoke Houma Eastern Pequot Cheyenne River Sioux St. Regis Mohawk Fort McDowell Ute Mountain Ute Southern Ute Rosebud Sioux Navajo Shoshone-Bannock San Juan Paiute Pamunkey Tigua Tewa THE TREASURER'S REPORT

In the past year, NARF's reve­ Government source funding The percentage distribution of nues totalled $2,849,215, which was grew by the greatest percentage, fiscal 1984 expenditures by function an increase of 7.5% over fiscal 1983's thanks in large part to an increased is compared to that of the previous expenditure amount. grant from the Administration for year, below: Total fund balances decreased Native Americans, which funds FUNCTIONAL by $57,754 in fiscal 1984 because NARF's efforts to make social and EXPENDITURES FY84 FY83 expenses exceeded support and economic self-sufficiency a reality Litigation and client revenue by that amount. The total for Indian tribal groups. Revenue services 69% 66% fund balance figure at year-end, from individuals and corporations National Indian including unrestricted and general dropped by 7%, in part because of Law Library 7 6 fixed asset funds, was $836,396. necessary changes in NARF's dir­ Program Sources of revenue are com­ ect mail campaign for contributions. Services 76% 72% pared by type, below, for fiscal In fiscal 1984, NARF maintained years 1984 and 1983: a staffing level of fifteen attorneys Management and and supported the activities of the general 15% 15% Revenue Sources FY84 FY83 National Indian Law Library. The Fund raising 9 13 Government 49 43 total staffing level remained the Support Services 24% 28% Foundations and trusts 31 31 same as in the previous year. We are pleased to report that Individuals and support services expenditures have corporations 14 21 decreased as a percentage of the Legal fees 1 2 whole, allowing NARF to devote Other 5 3 more resources to direct program 100% 100% pursuits. NARF's audited financial state­ ments for fiscal year 1984 follow.

Susan Rosseter Hart Treasurer

20 1984 ANNUAL REPORT 2300 COLORADO NATIONAL BUILDING DENVER, COLORADO 80202 303 571-1144 ~ce~aterhOuse

December 20, 1984

To the Steering Committee of Native Americaff Rights Fund, Inc,

our o~inion, the accoO'lpanylng balance sheet. and .the related statements of support, revenue, expense~ and changes in fund balances, of changes in cash and of functional expenses pres~ntf(lirly the fin(lndal position ofNative American Rights Fund, Inc. at September 30, 1984. and the re,~ults ofit!) operati.c:ms and changes infund qalances and. the changes in its cash for the year, in · ·ce>pfotrnity withgener(lllyaccepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of the . pre~eding year. Qur examination ofthese statements was made. in accordance with generally acc¢~teda1.l~itil1gst(ll'ldardsand accof~inglyinduc::lEid such tests of the accounting records and such .· ·. oj~¢ra~diti~gprq¢~d1.1res as.we {:oilsidered necessary in the circumstances.

Total all funds

. cash; ~nc~tldi~g ce+l:t£i<=~~ell. ~f •d~.rosit of·. $20Q,ooo - ·. par,tiaUy pledged .. (Noi:e· 5) · · . ·• .. ·· · $257, 145•• $ 2.57, 145 ?1aJ:"kj!table .secudtiell., lit muJtet (Note 2) tJ~. ?44 116,744 Gr,a.trt;s r,eceivabJ,.e (Nqte 3) 477,903 Other•. d!ceJvabll!s 35,1'13 35,713 P+epaiclexp:ensell. . . · . ··.;. 19.,689 19,689 Int~J:."fund l'.eceivable. (payable)· 409,87.9 (409 ,8.79) PI:C>pelityand equipment, atce>st (Notes 4.and 5): Land 11nd. bui.lclings . · $ 313, 938 313,938 ImpJ:."OV'ements to . land .and .buildings 9.1,510 91,510 (lfficl! equipment and .. furnisnings 3.51,.913 351, 913 Profes·sie>nal libfar,y .·.. ·. 76,802 . 76,802 834,163 834;163 Less "'· Accumulated deplieciation (315,972) (315,9.72) Net pr,opelity and equipment 518, l 91 518,191 $839 ,170 $ 68,024 $ 518 .. 191 $1,425.385

LIABILITIES ANDFuND BALANCES Ac.ceµpts payable . $236,855 $ 236,855 Accrued sabbatical lea'1e 78,035 78,035 Othl!r accrned .expenses 58,287 58,287 Defer,r,e

125, 7.78 (602,235) 564,689 20,884 (47,316) 152,468 15,439 30,140 (414,862) -0-

119 ,000 2,522 26,042 Statement of Functional Expense Native American Rights Fund, Inc. Statement of Functional Expense for the Year Ended September 30, 1984

Support services Litigation · National Management and client Indian Law and Fund Total services Li!>rary Total. genertl raising Total expenses

53,597 $ 598,?Q3 $127 ,84.3 $ 55,949 $183;792 $ 782,695 42;480 218,910 7 ;512

·.. ··. .. .q 11~feck1~ori: ciit~r:~siaf\~H·i~to~pyte · the ~s~tsl.l~ii;lgtjle·st~ciight-li~e;Tri.etHqcifiJ.rb .·atJ.d•9()rnPl.ltet.11ard\!.111f\!·.~r!d~o~\!.1~~~1 ~ridJJ-ie·!'le.!'=lj other prdpeitl/ ·· · ;.

~~' ~J ,', v: ',, ',~, > '.?':' :?'.::,:',:~:: :~~'t :>: ,''.1 '';,,'~:;,~:~<,, NOTE 2 - Marketable Securities: Marketable securities consist of market­ able corporate securities and mutual fund investments. These investments are NOTE 5 - Mortgages and notes payable consisted of the following at stated at market value which was $24,800 less than cost ($141,544) at September 30, 1984: · September 30, 1984. The total l.oss recognized in the unrestricted fund during the fiscal year of $20, 736 resulted from a net increase in unrealized depreciation.· Investment income for 1984 was $46,153. Portion due within NOTE 3 - Grants Receivable and Deferred Revenue: Grants receivable one year Total and deferred revenue consisted of the following individual restricted grants or Mortgage loan payable in equal monthly contracts at September 30, 1984: instalments of $482, including interest at 57'2%, through f\pril 1986. Grants Deferred Secured by land and building ...... , ...... $ 5,456 $ 8,443 receivable revenue Promissory .notes payable in equal monthly Ford Foundiition .... : ...... , ..... , ...... $ 97,738 instalments of$720, including inter.est Departme0t of Health.and Human Services, at9%, through October1985, with the Administration for Native;Americans .... ; . . . . 86,753 .·remaining principaLdue.November 1985. Lega!Services Corporation ... ; ...... $29,551 Secured by Jarid and building .. ; ...... 3,314 60,674 Carnegie Corporation· ...... • .. . 29,971 Promissory note payable in 60. monthly Bureau of Indian Affairs . . . . • ...... 215,412 Rosenberg Foundation ...... ; . , ... . 8,502 instalments, including interest at 10.2%, through Nove'Tlber 1988; Secured by Rockefeller Fou~dation . ·• ..... '. .. ; ... ; . '.· .. , '. . $1QO;ooo .. certificate .of.deposit ... , ... '· .. : 15,833 77,974 International Paper Company foundation •. ·' ;--~- .. Ot}ler long.term. debt 697 697 $25,309

: ',' : ,, :. ':,: ' ' ', :, ,' :,, ''.,:', : ' ','>,' ',"",,,' :::,'' '' ',:,·:: ' '' "' '', '' ''' '' ' '' ,': ,' ' ,:~',, ',: ' .[;~~s ' tllfrent ·portionofkmg-te'rtn debt·: . ; ; .. : < NOTE~ -'frani;feri;to qeneralFi~ed t\i;i;et Fund: ]'let,kfinsferst~ the g~neral. fixed a5s13tJ11nd frotn

. N()ti:7}suGs~~u~~t~~e~f:•.<)~.D~c~~B~f~.·1?~.4A*kF~~a.tj~ed~~··· out:ofcollrt. s,ettle~ent of$17;~00 ip reg~rd~ti;5a)a}V~4it itfiledto·r~q5v~r • 1he. C()~t •of a C()mP\lf~r.'sys1eiri> ReQ13puerelated~t9 t]1is. settle):Tl~.nt v,,/ill; l:l~. ••• iecqgnized 'as cash' is r13ceiyed...... IN APPRECIATION

The Native American Rights Fund would like to acknowledge the generous support given by the following contributors during the 1984 fiscal year:

FOUNDATIONS Mrs. Leon F. Bialosky TRIBAL CONTRIBUTIONS Austin Community Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Block Penobscot Tribe of Maine Acorn Foundation Gladys L. Butterfield Hoopa Valley Business Council Carnegie Corporation of New York Mr. Carlton E. Byrne Pawnee Business Council Edna McConnell Clark Foundation Edith 0. Chapek Ford Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Roger S. Clapp MATCHING GIFTS Fanny and Svante Knistrom Foundation Miss Ruth M. Cowdell Seymour Preston, Jr. through New World Foundation Mrs. Edward H. Cutler The Equitable Life Assurance Society Onaway Trust (Great Britain) Joyce Di Russo Rockefeller Foundation Mr. Joel Edelstein Kenneth W. Doak through Rosenberg Foundation Mr. Henry D. Ellis Digital Equipment Corp. Antonia Vivalde Foundation M. W. Ferry A. Stuart Hanisch CORPORATIONS AND IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS Mrs. Jack W. Hardy Dr. H. W. Harvey OTHER PRIVATE GRANTORS Adolph Coors Company Will H. Hays, Jr. Art Hardware American Friends Service Committee Chris Heftel Arrow Office Supply Dr. Donald J. Berthrong Mrs. Jeanne Henle Boulder Center for the Visual Arts Art Hardware Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Howe Atlantic-Richfield Foundation Frontier Business Products Cornelia L. Leahy Ava Hamilton CBS, Inc. Miriam E. Leskiewicz Colophon Press KGNU Laura Lu Lincoln King Soopers Colorado Ute Electric Association Lee W. Martin Cummins Engine Foundation Price Waterhouse and Company Gale McCullough and Richard Gillam The Rutley Group D-Q University Board of Trustees Rosine McFaddin Dixon Paper Sonosky, Chambers, Sachse & Guido Mrs. Helena Meltesen Victoria Little Empire Printing Mrs. Olive S. Molumphy Equitable Life Assurance Society FEDERAL PROGRAMS Abba V. Newton S. Forest Company Mary E. Pennock The Forest Fund Administration for Native Americans Mrs. Vinton Lidell Pickens Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver and Kampelman Bureau of Indian Affairs Mr. William Pigon Frontier Airlines Legal Services Corporation Mrs. Liliore G. Rains General Electric Mrs. Elaine Reily NARF BENEFACTORS Grace Foundation, Inc. Eleanore H. Reynolds Greyhound Corporation (Individuals donating $1,ooo+ cumulatively Pernell Roberts and Kara Knack Gulf Oil Corporation during NARF's 1984 fiscal year) Ann Smeltzer International Business Machines Ora R. Alt Dale Smeltzer International Paper Company Fou11dation Ms. Alice A. Atchinson Mrs. Frank Soderling James Travel Eleanor Bollag Oma Strain McGraw-Hill Foundation, Inc. Roger Boone Lucy Stroock National Car Rental Mrs. Esther Byrne Mrs. Kedma Utt Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers, Mrs. Lindsay Tawne Clegg Ms. Frances Vicario International Union, AFL-CIO Naomi C. Dempsey Walton Avenue Foundation Riverside Church of New York City Russel Frehling James Z. and Faith P. Waters Joseph E. Seagram and Sons, Inc. Fund Theodora T. Garbis Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Wollenberg Storage Technology Corporation Mr. Adam P. Geballe NARF Anonymous Tel-Rite Joan F. Hekimian Ultra Systems, Inc. Katherine Houston MEMORIALS Mr. Raymond Ickes ($100+ memorial gifts made from Oct. 31, COMBINED FEDERAL CAMPAIGN AnnMarsak 1983-Sept.30, 1984) (CFC): Thank you to the hundreds of Dorothy Melville federal employees throughout the country By: Kady L. Offen-Rovtar For: who, collectively, contributed almost $45,000 Lucille Echohawk Sidney Stern Memorial Trust Tom Echohawk to NARF in 1984 through a payroll deduction Dolores J. Arand Miss Ruth Thompson Joel Scott Frankel plan. Leon Bernstein Mr. and Mrs. Robert Stover Concetta Bernstein Sonia Blumenthal Ms. Barbara Waters Helen Pepe Gerodke Howard W. Page NARF Anonymous Eileen E. Page Elizabeth A. Morris M. C. Morris NAKF FRIENDS Anna W. & Harold L. Ickes Raymond Ickes (Individuals donating $500-999 cumulatively during NARF's 1984 fiscal year) Mrs. Fanny Arnold Ann Lurie Berlin

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND