413 Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(2): 413-417, 2011 ISSN 1995-0756

This is a refereed journal and all articles are professionally screened and reviewed ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Medicinal Diversity in the Flora of Langaroud of Iran

1Seighali N., 2Ghomi M., 3Zaker S., 4Ramezanighara M., 5Karimi P.

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Parand branch, Parand, Tehran, Iran. 2,3Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Parand branch , Parand , Tehran , Iran. 4Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University,Parand Islamshar, islamshahr, Iran. 5 Department of Enviroment, Maysore University,Maysore, India.

Seighali N., Ghomi M., Zaker S., Ramezanighara M., Karimi P.; Medicinal Plants Diversity in the Flora of Langaroud of Iran

ABSTRACT

A preliminary survey on the medicinal diversity in the flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been made with the seven families, viz., , Poaceae , Fabaceae, Brassicaceae , Rosaceae,Lamiaceae and Apiaceae as an initial study. These families are represented in the flora with 157 species (i.e. 48% of the total species), and individually with 37, 33, 22, 19,17,16 and 13 species respectively. Of these, 72 species, so far investigated, are medicinal, distributed in these seven families as follows: 22, 5, 8,7,15, 9 and 6 respectively. The Asteraceae has the highest number (22) of medicinal plants among them. The medicinal properties and uses of each species are cited. This communication aims at emphasizing the importance of setting up conservation priorities, and sustained development of various medicinal plants of Iran.

Key word: Diversity, medicinal plants,flora,conservation,Iran.

Introduction traditional herbal medicines are important for the life of people. The aim of this research is to focus on the Medicinal plants represent an important health kinds of medical,industrial,nutrition plants diversity and economic component of biodiversity. It is found in the studied area , on the frequency of usage essential to make the complete inventory of the of the plants that are applied in the region. medicinal component of the flora of any country for The study is to be the first survey stating the conservation and sustainable use. The conservation of herbal usages in the north of Iran (Langerud - Guilan the threatened and endangered medicinal species in province). a study has been recently provided for the wild is indispensable. In recent years, the other similar ecosystem in north of Iran in Boujagh increase in the residential and agricultural areas, and National Park. The current loss of medicinal plants the decrease in medical,industrial,nutrition plants have in the country due to natural and anthropogenic triggered the interest in ethno-botanical studies factors links with the missing of valuable indigenous throughout the world]. The interest in herbal knowledge associated with the plants. This strong medicine in Iran has progressed parallel to the linksuggests a need to conduct ethnobotanical increased interest in other developed countries.For research and to document the medicinal plants and centuries, Iran people have been using herbal the associated indigenous knowledge. Such studies medicine for the treatment of some daily diseases. are useful to identify threatened plants and to take The Langroud is one of the centers of the Hyrcanian appropriate conservation measures. Region with a rich plant diversity. Accordingly, the

Corresponding Author Seighali N., Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Parand branch, Parand, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Adv. Environ. Biol., 5(2): 413-417, 2011 414

Materials and Methods The plants are collected from the studied area (Figure 1). The collected plant taxa were dried The present study was conducted as a part of the according to herbarium techniques, and numbered analysis of the medicinal plant diversity in the flora and recorded. The Flora of Iranica and other flora and to determine their status in the wild for giving and references (parsa – Persian) were used for the conservation priorities. Out of 142 families of the identification of the specimens. All of the plant Iran flora, only 7 families, viz Asteraceae, Poaceae, specimens are kept at the herbarium of Urmia Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and University. Apiaceae have been considered as an initial case study. Our chosen study area, The Langroud and its Results and Discussion environs are located in the north of Iran with 30000 ha. (Figure 1). The district is located between 37°,05´ The survey of literature showed that a total of N and 37°,11´ N , 50°,00´ and 50°,14´ E. 157 species under 7 families, Asteraceae, Poaceae , Based on the meteorological data recorded at Fabaceae, Brassicaceae , Rosaceae,Lamiaceae and Polerud station for 1 years(January2007 to December Apiaceae are represented in the flora. The 2008), the study area had bimodal rainfall investigation for medicinal plant diversity within distribution with the highest rain falling from March these seven families revealed that out of these 157 to May and then in October. The mean annual species, 72 are medicinal and many of them are used rainfall of the study area was 1000mm, and the mean by local and several tribal people including medicinal annual temperature was 20.6 C healers for the cure ailments. The distribution and status of these taxa are summarized below in Table1.

Fig. 1: Map of area Langroud.

Species C.M P.C.M Apiaceae 8 Ammi majus L. * F 9 Berula angustralia (L) Mertens &W.D.koch 10 Bifora testiculata (L.) Spreng . 11 Centella asiatica (L.)Urban. * F,j.p.L,St 12 Dacus sp. - 13 Eryngium caucasicum trautv * L,R 14 Foeniculum vulgar Miller . * S,Fr 15 Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.fill * L 16 Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. 17 Oenanthe aquatica (L.)Poir * Fr,R 18 Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. 19 Torilis arvensis (Huds).Link. 20 Trinia leiogona ( C.A. Mey) B. Fedstcht. Adv. Environ. Biol., 5(2): 413-417, 2011 415

Table 1: Continue Asteraceae 26 Anthemis altissima L. * F 27 Arctium lappa L. * R,S,L,Fr 28 Artemisia annua L. * F* 29 Artemisia vulgaris L. * w.p 30 Cardus pychocephalus L. 31 Cardus seminudus M.B. 32 Carpesium abrotanoides L. * w.p. 33 Centaurea cheiranthifolia willd 34 Centaurea hyrcanica Bornm. 35 Centaure iberica trev.ex spreng 36 Centuaurea solstilialis L. 37 Cichorium intybus L * S,L,R 38 Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 39 Conyza bonariensis(L)cronq. 40 Conyza canadiensis (L)cronq. * L,F* 41 Conyzanthus squamatus L. 42 Crepis foetida L. 43 Eclipta prostrata (L.)L * w.p. 44 acer L. 45 Eupatrium cannabium L. * L 46 Filago arvensis L. 47 Helianthus tuberosus L. * R 48 Inula britanica L. * F,R 49 Lactuca serriola L. * w.p. 50 Lapsana communis L. * L,St 51 Petastites hybridus (L).PH. * L,R 52 Senecio vernalis Waldst &. Kit. 53 Siegesbekhia orientalis L * W.P 54 Silybrum marianum (L.)Gaertn * W.P 55 Sonchus oleraceus L * L.La,R 56 Sonchus asper(L.)hill.subsp.glaucesens(Jordan)Ball. * L 57 Tagetes sp. 58 Taraxacum officinalis L. * L,R 59 Tussilago farfara L. * L,F* 60 Willemetia tuberosa fisch&C.A.M 61 Xanthium spinosum L * F* 62 Xanthium strumarium L. * L,Fr,R Brassicaceae 71 Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.)Cavara.&Grande. * L,St,S 72 Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)Heynh. 73 Arabis aucheri Boiss. 74 Barbarea plantaginea DC. 75 Brassica napus L. * S ,R 76 Cakile maritime Scop. 77 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.)Medicus. * w.p. 78 Cardamine draba (L).Desv. 79 Cardamine hirsuta L. 80 Cardamine sp. 81 Descurainia Sophia (L.) Schur. * F,L,S 82 Hesperis hyrcana Bornm .& Gauba 83 Lepidium sp. *L 84 Nasturtium officinale R.Br. 85 Sinapis arvensis L. * F 86 Sinapis sp. 87 Sisymbrium officinalis (L.)Scop. * L,F,*,S 88 Thlaspi umbellatum (stev.)ex DC. 89 Thlaspi perfoliatum L. Fabaceae 132 Albizzia julibrissin Durazz. * F ,ba,,R 133 Coronilla balansae Boiss. 134 Gladitschia caspica Desf. 135 Lathyrus aphaca L. * S,F 136 Lathyrus hirsutus L. 137 Lathyrus laxiflorus (Desf.)o.Kuntze. 138 Lathyrus pseudocicera pamp. 139 Lathyrus vernus (L)Bernch 140 Lens cyanea Boiss & Hohen. 141 Lotus corniculatus L.subsp.corniculatus var.corniculatus. * F,R 142 Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spauner Adv. Environ. Biol., 5(2): 413-417, 2011 416

Table 1: Continue 143 Medicago polymorpha L. 144 Melilotus officinalis (L.)Pall. * F,* 145 Trifolium aureum poll. 146 Trifolium arvense L. 147 Trifolium pratense L. * F 148 Trifolium repense L.var.repense. * F,L 149 Trifolium tumense stev.ex M.B.var.tumens 150 Vicia faba L. * S 151 Vicia peregrina L. 152 Vicia sativa L * S 153 Vicia tetrasperma( L.) Schreb. Lamiaceae 174 Ajuga comata Stapf. 175 Calamintha grandiflore (L.) Moench. * L 176 Clinopodium vulgare, * w.p. 177 Lamium album L * F 178 Lycopus europaeus L. * w.p. 179 Melissa officinalis L. * F*,L 180 Menthe pulegium L. * frond 181 Origanum vulgar L. * F,* 182 Prunella vulgaris L. 0 w.p. 183 Scutellaria pinnatifida Arth.Hamilt. 184 Scutellaria tournefortii Benth . 185 Stachys byzanthina C.Koch. 186 Stachys persica Gmel . 187 Stachys spectabilis Choisy ex DC. 188 Tecurium chamaedrys L. * w.p. 189 Tecurium hyrcanicum L Poaceae 222 Aegilops tauschii Cosson. 223 Agropyron repens L. * R 224 Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson var. myosuroides 225 Arundo donax L. * R 226 Avena sativa L. * S 227 Briza minor L. 228 Bromus brizoformis Fisch .&.C.A.Mey. 229 Bromus japonicus Thumb .var.japonicus. 230 Bromus tectorum L. 231 Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall.f)koel. 232 Catabrosa aquatica (L.)P.Beauv. 233 Digitaria sanguinalis (L.)Scop. 234 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)Beauv var.crus-galli. 235 Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv. 236 Eragrostis barrelieri Dav. 237 Hordeum spontaneum C.koch. 238 Lophochloa pheoides(Vill.)Reichenb. 239 Lolium perenne L. 240 Lolium rigidium Gaudir . 241 Milium sp. 242 Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.)P.Beauv. 243 Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.)Scribner 244 Phleum pretense L. 245 Phleum sp. 246 Phragmatis australis (cav.)Tin.ex steud. * R 247 Poa annoa L. 248 Poa teivials L. 249 Polypogon semiverticillatus (Forssk.) Hyl. 250 Setaria glauca (L.)P.Beauv. 251 Setaria viridis (L.)P.Beauv. * S 252 Sorghum halepnse(L.)Pnes. 253 Vulpia myurous (L.)c.c Gmelin. 254 Vulpia sp. Rosaceae 277 Agrimonia eupatoria L. * W.P 278 Crategus melanocarpa M.B. subsp .elbursensis Rech .F. * Fr,F 279 Crategus microphylla C.Koch. * L,Fr,F 280 Cydonia oblonga Mill. * bar,S,Fr,L 281 Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. * L,Fr,frond 282 Fragaria vesca L. * R,Fr 283 Geum urbanum L. * R 284 Mespilus germanica L. * L,S,Ba Adv. Environ. Biol., 5(2): 413-417, 2011 417

Table 1: Continue 285 Potentilla reptans L. * R 286 Prunus divaricata Ledeb. * L,S 287 Pyrus communis L. 288 Rubus caesius L. * L,Fr 289 Rubus hirtus waldst.skit * L,Fr 290 Rubus hyrcanus Juz . * L,Fr 291 Rubus persicus Boiss. * L,Fr 292 Rubus sanctus Schreber * L,Fr 293 Spira.crenta L. C.M. (cost of medician), P.C.M (part of cost of medician), L (leave), W.P. (whole plant), ST (stem), R (root), F*(flower), Ba(bark), S(seed), Fr(fruit), J.P.(juice of plant)

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