Terms Compiled by Roumas, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Nick Beinor, Boston College Edited by Raoul Smith, PhD, Museum of Russian

A weeks surrounding the Feast of the read and sermons are delivered. In . In Imperial Russia, older times, the ambo was located in acheiropoieic The “image not many popular paraliturgical the center of the and was used made with human hands”. The on various subjects were written, for displaying and for special miraculously imprinted face of using form of the original ceremonies on feast days such as the Christ upon cloth. as their basis. These hymns are also Exaltation of the . Adoptionism An early heresy that known as “.” Many icons amethyst (аметист) A purple variety taught that was not divine until depict the text of a related akathist in of quartz. He was adopted as ’s Son, either border scenes. A white which is at His or Resurrection. alabaster (алебастровый) fastened over just the shoulders of a The worship (стихарь) A long, white, liturgical by two ribbons. of the by visiting pagan vestment used in the Western rite. amictus (мантияthe) Ancient noblemen from the East; a common alexandrite Green gemstone that is Roman term used for draped, outer iconographic subject. prized for its ability to drastically . aediculа (крошечныйхрам) An change colors when exposed to (амулетan) Object intended opening at the of a metal light. to bring the wearer good luck or used as a crest. alkanet root The root of the alkanet aer (возбухъ) A used for covering plant used to attain a red . the and . alloy (сплав) agate (агат) almandine (альмандин) An iron-like agraffe A hook on one side of a gemstone, the red variety of garnet. vestment that corresponds to a loop alpaca An alloy of copper, zinc, on the other which is used to fasten nickel, and silver. the . The sacred table located in the A continuing celebration of a or the entire area of a feast for several days after the behind the . feast day, until the leave-taking of (завесаалтарная) the feast. aluminium (алюминий) Agnets (Агнец, from Lat. Agnus, amber (янтарь) “”) The piece of Eucharistic ambo (амвон, Gk. for “step”) An bread placed on the paten, to be elevated platform in front of the consecrated. It corresponds to the Altar. From the ambo, the is image of the in the Alb . akakia (акакиа) A purple pouch carried by the Byzantine Emperor containing soil from a grave, intended to symbolize the ephemeral nature of life. akathist (Акафист, Gk. for “without sitting”) Originally, a long composed by St. in the 6th century in honor of the Mother of God. The congregation remains standing throughout the duration of the hymn, which is sung during the Aer Amice

MUSEUM OF 1 August 2015 protection. It could take the form of into Hell and the subsequent a scripture passage related to the a or any medallion. “raising” of humanity. celebration of the . analav See paraman. anchorite (затворник; анахорет, Gk. apocalypse (апокалипсис, Gk. for (аналой, Gk. for “reading for “one who has withdrawn”) A “revelation”) Genre of literature, stand”) A stand on which icons or hermit . often apocryphal, on the subject of sacred books are placed in church Ancient of Days Icon type depicting the End-times; esp. the Apocalypse for or reading. the pre-incarnate Christ as an old of John. analoy Lectern man. The image derives from apocryphon (апокрнф, Gk. for analoynaya ikona Lectern icon, 7. something “hidden” or “”) also known as a proskynesis icon. Angelic Orders The hierarchy of A pseudo-scriptural Christian An icon that is displayed on the heavenly powers, consisting of or Jewish book not traditionally lectern or on an easel in front of Cherubim, Seraphim, , recognized as canonical. Apocryphal an iconostasis during the period of Dominions, Virtues, Authorities, literature forms the basis of or celebration of an important liturgical Principalities, and influences many iconographic feast and which has as its theme an . scenes, including the Birth of the image pertaining to that feast. of Great Counsel (Ангел Mother of God, the Entry of the Anapeson (ὁ Ἀναπεσών, “He Who is Великого Совета) for the Mother of God in the , the reclining”) Icon type depicting the future king prophecied by , Annunciation, the Descent into Christ Child asleep, suggesting His interpreted to be Jesus Christ. Hades and the Dormition. future death. Annunciation (Благовещение) The apophatic A mode of anastasis (from Greek “raising up”). ’s announcement speaking about God by only The icon depicting Christ’s Descent to Mary that she would bear the declaring what He is not. In Son of God and His conception Orthodox theology, this is the in her womb. This event is only fully correct way to speak celebrated as one of the Twelve about God. Great Feasts, on March 25. There apophthegmata The collected sayings are four iconographic variants of of the Desert Fathers. the Annunciation: Ann. With Yarn, Apostle 1. One of the disciples Ann. By the Spring, the Child in the of Jesus who saw Him after Womb and Ann. with a Book. His Resurrection. 2. Any great anthemion Decorative symmetrical missionary. floral pattern. Apostles, Princes of the Peter and antimension (антиминсa) Paul. Rectangular piece of cloth placed apse (апсида, Gk. for “arch”) The on the altar which is decorated with externally protruding recess in the depictions of the entombment of east wall of the church building. The Christ, the , and Altar is located in front of the apse. Amictus Archangel An of bodiless power, among whom are traditionally numbered , Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Salathiel, Jegudiel, Barachiel and Jeremiel. archetype The pattern image that serves as the basis from which an iconographer designs his own . archimandrite (архимандрит, Gk. for “chief of the ”) The Father Superior of a large monastery or several . In modern times, the is often strictly honorary. Antimension

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 2 August 2015 architrave (архитрав) Moldings that auripigment A golden-yellow blackening (чернение) frame rectangular openings. pigment, used in clothing blue (синий, голубои) argyrokentema (ἀργυροκέντημα, and background. bochka (бочка) Russian for barrel, “silver stitching”) Silk thread with azurite (лазурь) A dark blue gemstone referring to an arched crest shape on thin strips of silver foil loosely similar to lapis lazuli. an icon. wound around it such that the Bogolyubskaya of Icon colored core is visible. See also B type depicting the Mother of God chrysokentema. standing full-figure with a scroll in background (фоне) Arianism 4th-6th century heresy her hand. It originates with a vision bagor (багор) A dark red color made propagated by and Alexandrian seen by Andrei Bogolyubsky, Prince from the Murex mollusk, often used priest named Arius. The heresy of Vladimir-Suzdal (d. 1174). to paint the maphorion of the Mother denied that Christ is divine in the Bogoroditsa (Богородица, “birth- of God and the clothing of certain same sense as . giver of God”) Epithet for the . artel An association of workshops of a Virgin, usually translated “Mother of bagryanitsa (багряница) Attribute particular trade, similar to a guild. God.” Dogmatically, the title asserts of the Mother of God whereby she Ascension (Вознесение) The return the of the divine is shown weaving the veil of the to heaven of the risen Jesus and and human natures into one Person. Temple from purple thread in icons His enthronement at the right hand bone (кость) Usually, bone would be of the Annunciation and the Entry of of God the Father. This event is used as a substitute to ivory as it was the Mother of God into the Temple. celebrated as one of the Twelve more readily accessible. bakan (бакан) A dull organic reddish- Great Feasts, forty days after bone black A natural pigment made brown color used for painting Pascha. from scorched boned or ivory. decorative details on clothing and askesis Lit. “training.” The struggle red lettering. of a person to grow in holiness, esp. basma Ornamental repousse metal applied to monastics. plating on the border of an icon, assemblage (монтировка) Forming used since the 16th century. an piece by using odd bits of beads (бисер) cloth, metal, or other material. beaker (стакан) assist Fine crosshatching of gold begunets (бегунец) An architectural and white, used in iconography to ornament on top of a wall, consisting provide the effect of light emanating of triangular insets. from the saints. beheading (усекновение) The asterisk (звёздочка) A cross-shaped beheading of , a day arch placed on top of the diskos of strict . to keep the veil and aer which are (вима, Gk. for “platform; placed over it from touching the judgment seat”) The area in the bread. eastern end of the church building assumption (успение) The bodily Bevel behind the Iconostasis, also called entry a into heaven. The the , where which the assumptions of the Mother of Altar, and God and of are common are located. The Bema is usually iconographic subjects. elevated from the floor level. It Athos, Mount The center of Greek corresponds to the of a and Byzantine monasticism and a Western church. historically important center of icon berlinskaya lazur (берлинская painting. Also simply called “The лазурь) Prussian blue. Holy Mountain.” bevel (наугольникa) Side neither aureole A radiant light surrounging a parallel nor perpendicular to the holy figure. An aureole is distinct other faces on either side of it. from a halo in that it encompasses billon (биллонan) Alloy of silver, the entire figure. mercury, and copper. birchbark (береста)

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 3 August 2015 bonnet (капорthe) Type of used in burin (штихельa) Chisel used for frequently judged by unwritten Orthodox . engraving. norms. The “Iconographer’s ” bracelet (браслет) bust (бюст) (“Podlinnik Ikonopisny”) is a braid (тесьма) button (пуговица) compendium of icon patterns. brass (латунь, желтаямедь) 2. An elaborate type of hymn based braze (паять) Soldering using brass. C on the songs of the . brazen (медный, бронзовый) An canvas (холст) caban An early form of a fitted object made of brass. capuche (капотa) Long, pointed with wide sleeves breastplate (нагрудникa) Breastplate characteristic of those worn by caftan (кафтанa) Garment with a worn by the High Priest. . fitted back and an open front. (панталоныlinen) Pants carat (карат) calyptra The head- of the reaching to the knee. An early carbon black A black natural mineral Byzantine Emperor shaped like an vestment used by Jewish . pigment. arched polygon. brocade (парча) A woven cloth carnelian (сердоликa) Brown-red candle (свеча) usually richlydecorated with a thick mineral often used as a gemstone. canon (канон, Gk. for “rule, embroidery (possibly ofgold thread) cartouche (картушan) Ornamental standard”) 1. A regulatory text and gemstones. inscription. produced by a Church council bronze (бронза) carving (резьба) setting down guidelines for Church burnt sienna (жжёнаясиенаa) Brown casket (лапец) discipline, liturgy or theology. natural pigment made by burning (подразник) Ankle-length Icons are governed by canonical raw sienna found in clay. worn by clerics. regulations. The canonical cast (отливка) “correctness” of an icon is also casting (литьё) The metallurgy process by which molten metal is poured into a mold and solidifies to make the desired shape. catholicon (кафоликон, Gk. for “for the whole”) The central church of a monastery. (кафедра, Gk. for “seat”) The ’s in the church building, in which he may sit during services. The cathedra is located in the apse directly behind the Altar. In countries that were under Ottoman dominion, the cathedron was moved outside the Altar. Breastplate Capuche catsiia (катсииа) Church vessel for burning with a handle. cencer (какило) Church vessel for burning incense suspended with chains. chain (цепь) chalice (чашаa) Cup used to offer . Usually made of precious metal, can also be engraved, bejeweled or decorated with images. champleve (выемчатаяa) High , notched. charcoal (древесныйуголь)

Brocade Cassock

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 4 August 2015 chasing (гравировать) A decorative around it such that the colored core coil (змеевик) techniqueofmaking small indents in is visible. See also argyrokentema. colobium (from κόλοβος, the surface of a metal (киворий ) A canopy “shortened”) A large sleeveless (риза) See felonion. structure supported by . Cherubic Hymn (Херувимсая covering an Altar or other sacred colored (цветное) Песнь) Sung during the Great location. It represents an Altar in conch (конха, Gk. for “shellfish”) of the Liturgy. iconography. A semi- above the apse of a Cherubim (Херувимы; from Hebrew; cinnаbar (киноварьa) Scarlet colored church, often decorated with images. sing. .) The highest order paint derived from minerals, confessor (исповедник) Any saint of bodiless creatures, who carry commonly used in icon painting. who suffered for the Faith, but was the throne of God. Often abstractly cincture A rope with knotted ends that not martyred. depicted as semi-transparent wheels is tied around the waist of the priest (риза) A liturgical garment with wings and eyes. The vision like a . The Western equivalent similar to a felonion or chasuble, of the Cherubim in 10 is of the Orthodox zone. but resembling an outer with the basis for the motif of the Four clasp (пряжка) sleeves and sometimes a hood. Evangelists portrayed as animals. clavus A colored stripe on a tunic, copper (медь; adj. медный) Singular. serving to denote rank or office. copper alloy (медныйсплав) chin (чин ) A row of icons in an clay (глина) A common source of cordate (сердцевидные) A heart iconostasis. natural pigments such as sienna and shape design. china (фарфор) umber. coral (коралл) chirothecoe cloissone (перегородчатаяэмаль) See cotton (хлопок) (литургичеснаяперчатка) champleve. covered cup (ставка) Liturgical gloves of the same color cloth (ткань) as the current liturgical season embroidered with a cross that are used by and cardinals only at pontifical masses. (хитон) A Greek full-length article of clothing made of or wool. (хламида) A or cloak, fastened at the right shoulder. It is typically military apparel, worn by military saints and Archangels. choros (корона) A hanging metal ring that surrounds a large chandelier. The rite of confirming a Christian and sealing him with Catsiia Chasuble the oil () of the following Baptism. (Спас в Силах) Icon of Christ enthroned. An representing the of Christ, formed from the Greek letters X and P. chrysography (золочкеие, пощзолота) Gold leaf hatching, mainly seen in icons on garments and . It is applied in the final stage of icon production. chrysokentema (χρυσοκέντημα, “gold stitching”) Silk thread with thin strips of gold foil loosely wound Chirothecoe MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 5 August 2015 cowl (капюшон) A long, hooded cloak D despotic icons (from δεσπότης, with wide sleeves usually worn by “master”) The large icons on the monks. A Roman garment, a Iconostasis directly flanking the crest (гребень) The artistic or long reaching to the ground . architectural shape of an arch. In usually worn by women but later diaconicon (διακόνικον, “’s icons, this refers to the top an icon. incorporated as a liturgical vestment. place”) The chamber in the south See crest or ogee arch. Deisis (Деисус, Gk. for end of the bema, where various crosier (епископскийпосох) The “supplication”) The depiction of the liturgical books and items are kept. ceremonial and ornate staff carried Virgin, John the Baptist and possibly diamond (алмаз) by bishops and other high ranking many more saints interceding with dikirion and trikirion Liturgical, members of the . Christ on behalf of mankind. The ornamental candlesticks holding two cross (крестa) Decorative motif that Deisis is the most prominent image and three candles respectively. surmounts that main body of an art on the Iconostasis and is associated Dionysius the Areopagite Pseudo- 5th object. with the . Also called century saint, a Christian Platonist cross-encolpion “Trimorphon” when only Christ, the writing under the name of a Biblical (пересекаютэнколпион) Virgin and the Baptist are shown. personage. His works were highly crucifix (распятие) Pectoral folding Deposition (Снатие с Креста) The influential in . cross for keeping parts of holy removal of Christ’s Body from the dioptase A green natural pigment relics. Cross. commonly used in icons. cruciform (крестообразный) Desert Fathers Saints who lived an dipthera A cloak made of pelts that (сосуд) Vase used for serving ascetic life in the wilderness of covered the wearers’ shoulders. wine at . Egypt and the Levant approximately diptych (диптих, Gk. for “folded in cutout (выпиловка) during the 3rd-7th centuries. two”) A pair of icons connected by a hinge, folding like a book. diskokalymma (δισκοκάλυμμα, “disk cover”) A small veil draped over the Eucharistic paten. See also poteriokalymma. diskos (дискос) The plate used to hold the Eucharist. divetesion Silk tunic that the Emperor wore on high, state events Docetism An early heresy that taught that Christ did not have a human body, but had simply appeared as a human. dodekaorton (двунадесятые Choros Crosier праздники, “twelve feasts”) A series of icons representing the Twelve Great Feast Days. dolichnoye pis’mo (доличное письмо) The painting of landscape, and clothing prior to the painting of faces and exposed parts of bodies. Dormition (Успение, “falling asleep”) The death of the Mother of God, followed by her assumption into heaven. The Dormition is one of the Twelve Great Feast Days. doshchannik (дощанник) The joiner who makes icon panels. Cope Cruet

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 6 August 2015 double-tiered composition Eleousa (Елеуса, Gk. for “she who cross suspended from the neck, esp. (двойнойсоставмногоуровневой) has ”) Icon type depicting that of a bishop. Encolpia often An icon with two subjects, one Virgin and Child. Jesus’ cheek contain relics. above the other. touches His Mother’s face. encrusted (инкрустация) draftsman (знаменщик) One who emerald (езумруд) endyton (носимого) The second of sketches initial outlines for icons. embossing (чеканка) the three wrappings of cloth that drum (барабан) The cylindar Emmanuel, Christ Any depiction of covers the altar. supporting a dome. Christ as a child, placing emphasis engraving (гравировка) druzhina An artists’ fellowship, in His Incarnation. “Emmanuel” epigonation (палица) A diamond- similar to an artel. derives from the name of the child shaped vestment worn by priests dull (тусклый) of Isaiah 7-8; the name means “God and bishops that hangs over their dvoeperistie The two-fingered sign with us” in Hebrew. shoulder at their side, embroidered of the cross formed with the index enamel (эмаль) Melted powdered with an icon. and middle fingers, used to give glass that is layer coated over a epimanikia (порутчи) Liturgical . always metal surface in order to provide an vestment cuffs that lace onto the cross themselves with the hand in artistic aspect as well as to provide wrists of a bishop to contain the the dvoeperistie . some protection to the surface. sleeves of the . dvuchastnaya ikona (двучастная enamelling (эмалирование) The feast of the Baptism of икона) An icon consisting of two encaustic (энкаустика) Painting Christ. See Theophany. different subjects. with pigments mixed in hot wax. A epistyle The lintel of the Iconostasis technique of early icon painting. above the Royal Doors. E encolpion (энколпион, ἐγκόλπιον, (плащаница) See aer. “on the chest”) A pectoral icon or eagle rug (орлецьa) Circular rug embroidered with a picture of an eagle flying over a walled city that the bishops stand on during services. A council at which bishops representing the entire Church are present and whose decisions are binding upon the whole Church. The acknowledges seven, eight or nine Ecumenical Councils. Some Ecumenical Councils are depicted in iconography. The Seventh Ecumenical Council, commemorated in a feast as “The Triumph of ,” formally Dalmatic Epigonation condemned as heresy and gave iconography a formal canonical foundation. eidolon (εἴδωλον, “image”) 1. An idol (as opposed to an icon, a Christian image). 2. The image of the Virgin’s soul wrapped in swaddling clothes in the scene of the Dormition. eileton (илитонa) Silk cloth slightly larger than the antimension that is folded around it at the conclusion of the and remains on the altar. Eagle Rug Epimanikia

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 7 August 2015 epitracheilion (епитрахиллион) See extension (oтросткам) of the Roman Catholic chasuble. . Evangelists The authors of the four Nearly full-length at the back, waist- epitrachil (епитрахиль, Gk. for “on , often symbolically depicted length in the front, and conical in the neck”; нашейник) Also called as a human, lion, lamb and eagle, shape, with no sleeves, sometimes “Stole.” A type of , part of usually representing Matthew, Mark, with an eight-point star embroidered clerical vestment. Luke and John, respectively. The in the center of the back. Equal-to-the-Apostles derives from the vision fibula A clasp securing a cloak. (Равнапостольный) A title of Ezekiel 10. fikovat’ (фиковать) To disperse bestowed upon certain saints, Exaltation of the Cross drying oil by hand while covering including the and (Воздвижение Креста) A the icon in order to prevent it from great missionaries. Great Feast Day originating as a clumping. eschatology (эсхтология) Pertaining celebration of the protection of the filigree (скань, зернь) Small beads to the end of time. Cross over . of gold or other precious metal etching (гравировка) soldered on a surface of the same ewer (кувшин) A type of vessel used F metal. for holding wine and water during filyonka (филёнка) A thin colored facet (граньone) The flat polished Mass. stripe on the edge of an icon. surfaces cut on a gemstone or exapteriga A fan decorated with finial (шпиль) Architectural device, occurring naturally on a crystal. seraphim mounted on a staff. When typically carved in stone to feldspar (полевойшпат) A type of not in use, they are found on either emphasize a gable or any of th rock which is common for its use in side of the Tabernacle. distinctive ornaments of a building. glass and ceramics making. exomide A short, sleeveless tunic that finish (отделка) felonion (риза) Orthodox equivalent left the right side open. See rhipidion. flagon (графинa) Church vessel used to hold the wine. flange (фланец) An external or internal ridge or rim for strength. flint (кремень) fluting Parallel grooves. foil (фольга) fold The top or bottom of an encolpion or the left or right panel of a folding or hinged icon. fold, face The top half of an encolpion. fold, left The left panel of a folding icon. Exapteriga Filigree fold, reverse The bottom half of an encolpion. fold, right The right panel of a folding icon. foliate A decoration resembling leaf or foliage. Fool for Christ (юродивые) A saint who feigned insanity in order to acquire humility. forefeast A period of preparation leading up to a feast day. forging (ковка) foundry (литейная) Forerunner (Претечие) Epithet for John the Baptist. frame (поле) Felonion Fold

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 8 August 2015 Frankish Manner (фражская calendar counts twelve Great Feasts: used to create shading effects by манера) Russian designation for the of the Mother of God, using closely-spaced, parallel lines. westernized iconographic styles. the Exaltation of the Cross, the hegoumen (игумен, “leader”) Abbot. (фрескаa) Painting done on Entry of the Mother of God into the (шлем) plaster. Temple, the Nativity of Christ, the hematite A red natural pigment, also Baptism of Christ (Theophany), the called red ochre. G Presentation of Christ in the Temple, (исихазм; from ἡσυχία, the Annunciation, the Triumphal “silence”) A tradition of monastic Galaktotrephousa Entry into (Palm ), prayer cultivating inner stillness. (Γαλακτοτρέϕουσα, “breast-feeder”) the Ascension, , the (етимасия) Greek for Icon type depicting the Mother of Transfiguration and the Dormition. “the Preparation of the Throne”, God breast feeding her Child. Great (великомученик) A the depiction of an empty throne gammata Designs in the shape of the martyr with a special distinction. symbollic of the wait for the Second Greek letter gamma, the third letter green (зелёный) Coming of Christ. of the alphabet and symbol of the green colors (празелень) hierarch (иерарх, Gk. for “priest- Holy . grivna (гривна) Piece of jewelry, ruler”) A bishop (of any rank). garnet (гранат) A dark red, quartz- necklace in the shape of a loop. hieromartyr (священномученик) like gemstone. Priest-martyr. gesso (гипс) A white paint mixture H hieromonk (иеромонах) Priest-monk. used in artwork as preparation for High Priest, Icon type depicting wood panels, canvas, and , habitus (габитус) The external Christ’s heavenly liturgical ministry as well as a base for paint. experience, the attitude of the and role as Head of the Church. gilding (золочение, позолота) depicted person. gilt (золоченый) hades (ад) The realm of the dead glass (стекло) into which Christ descended. It is glauconite A green pigment most used theologically but, in Russian, not by icon painters. linguistically distinct from hell, Glykophilousa (Γλυκοϕιλοῦσα, the place of torment after the Final “sweet-kissing”) Icon type of the Judgment, i.e. the word “ад” refers Virgin and Child embracing one to both hades and hell. another. The Child is often touching hagiographic series A series of icons the Virgin’s chin with one hand. depicting scenes from a saint’s life, goblet (кубок, бокал) also known as a vita icon. gold (золото) half-figures (отлечный) The bust and gold thread (сканны) Thread used in torso of a figure. goldwork embroidery usually for hammered (куёт) or high state . hand-painted (кистеваяроспись) grafya An outline scratched on plaster hatching (штриховка) Technique in preparation for the painting of a Granatza fresco. granatza (гранаца) A long, Persian later adopted by Byzantium. granulation (зернь) A technique by which the surface of a metal or jewel is decorated with small spheres of precious metals or jewels. Similar to filigree. graver (штихель) See burin. Great Entrance A solemn liturgical at the beginning of the Eucharistic service, believed to be accompanied by the angels. Great Feast Day Besides Pascha, the Eastern Orthodox liturgical Gold Thread Hinged-Icon MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 9 August 2015 (гиматий)A cloak worn I possibly originally derisive) One over the chiton, similar to a . who venerates icons; an opponent of Also, the monastic outer garment. icon box, icon case (киот) Box or Iconoclasm. hinged-icon (складе) An icon that frame with a glass for preserving an Iconostas (Иконостас, Gk. for “icon consists of multiple panels hinged icon. wall”) The wall of icons separating together. icon corner or red corner or the Sanctuary from the nave, also Hodigitria (Одигитрия, Gk. for beautiful corner (красный угол) called the . In the center of “directress”) Icon type in which the Home Sanctuary located in the East the Iconostasis are the Royal Doors; Virgin points toward her Child with corner of the house. the ’ Doors are located on her hand. It is the most common icon-encolpiоn (иконэнколпион) the flanks. icon type of the Virgin and is Pectoral folding icon for keeping imprint (тиснение) believed to have been originally parts of holy relics. See encolpion. incarnadine (алый) The color of the painted by St. Luke. Iconoclasm (Εἰκονόκλασμα, “icon- skin of an exposed body part such as hypostasis (ὑπόστασις, “foundation”) breaking”) 7th-9th century heresy the face or hands. In Greek philosophy, a subject of enforced by Eastern Roman incise Cutting into metal using a burin existence. Father, Son and Holy emperors that rejected all imagery or graver. Spirit are three Hypostases, the Holy as idolatrous. During the iconoclasm indigo (индиго) Trinity. period, religious artworks was inditia The ornamental cloth placed relentlessly destroyed. The end of on the altar over the strachitsa. Iconoclasm is celebrated annually as initial (буквица) A decorative initial the “Triumph of Orthodoxy.” letter in a manuscript text. iconodule or iconophile inlay (вставка) (εἰκονόδουλος, “icon-server,” inokop (инокопь) See assist. inscription (надпись) inset (вкладка) intersection (пересечение) iron (железо) ispahanis Cloth made in by the Moravids in the 8th to 11th centuries. ivory (слоновнаякость) Izbavitelnika (Избавителника) Literally fem. of “savior.” Miraculous Hodigitria icon, in which the Mother of God wears a . izograph (изограф, Gk. for “one who Icon-encolpion Kazan Mother of God paints identically”) A Medieval term for an expert iconographer. izvod (извод) Any canonical icon type.

J jade (нефрит) jasper (яшма) A yellow, green, or brown gemstone that when polished is used as decoration on vases and chalices. jet (гагат) joint (соединение)

Kakofnitch Kerikeion held by heavenly messengers

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 10 August 2015 K (кондак, Gk. for lestovka (лестовка) An old Russian smth. “rolled up”;) A genre of variant of the (chotki) kakofnitch (какофничa) Tiara or hymnography. Each Sunday, feast whose use continues among Old diadem. day and day of the week has a Believers. kamilavka (камилавка) A cylindrical kontakion assigned to it. levkas (левкас, Gk. for “white”) clerical cap. koroblenie (коробление) The warping A gesso of chalk and animal glue kandys A tighter version of a caftan of an icon board due to its dryness. applied as an undercoat on the icon worn by the Emperor. kovcheg (ковчег) The hollowed out panel. karasik (карасик) A small, four- center of an icon panel symbolizing lichnik (личник) A specialist in cornered dowel which is set in the the ark of salvation. painting faces. back side of an icon, where two kukol (куколь) A long veil work over lichnoye pis’mo (личное письмо) boards come together, for greater the head and back of a monk. The painting of faces. security. linen (льняная) Kazanskaya or Mother of God L linseed oil An oil used to varnish of Kazan (Казанская) A famous wood or to make pigments. lacquer (политура) Any type of wood wonder-working icon. liti (лития, Gk. for “prayer”) A finish. kekryphalos (from κρυϕός, “hidden”) liturgical procession. lampenzel’ (лампензель) A flat wide The worn by women saints. litsevoy podlinnik (лицевой brush for transferring gold during kerykeion (from κῆρυξ, “herald”) подлинник) A sketch of a model for gilding. A staff shown in the hands of the a painting. lapis lazuli (лазурит) A highly prized, heavenly messengers, the angels. liturgical scepter (рипидa) Scepter rare, and valuable blue precious khiton (хитон) See chiton. often held by an angel. khorugv’ (хоругвь) A banner with a stonefound mainly in present-day holy image. Afghanistan. kiot (κίβωτος, “ark”) Display box for lapka (лапка) Alternate name for icons or other sacred objects to be lampenzel’ venerated. lastochka (ласточка) A small dowel Kleyma (клейма) Border scenes. with expanded ends used in gluing klobuk (клобук) Veil worn by monks two boards for greater security. and high-ranking bishops. Monks latria Worship or adoration. wear a black klobuk; metropolitans lavaron (λάβαρον, from Lat. labrum, and patriarchs wear a white one in “banner”) The symbol of the Cross Russian tradition. and the four abbreviations IC XC klav (клав) A bright stripe on the NI KA, Greek for “Jesus Christ is chiton of Christ or apostles which is victorious.” a symbol of their ministry. lavra (лавра) A monastery granted a kleymo (клеймо) special honorary distinction. In older usage, a type of monastery in which klobuk (клобук) A tall, black, Klobuk cylindrical worn by priests and monks lived in solitude, but within monks. proximity of one another. knop (кнопка) An extension in the top layer (слой) of an icon frame used for hanging it. leshchadka (лещадка) Stylistic Koine (Κοινή, “common”) The depiction of mountains and ledges. universal Greek dialect spoken lessirovka (лессировка) The from the Hellenistic Era onwards, application of thin layers of evolving into Byzantine Greek. transparent and semi-transparent Greek Biblical, liturgical and colors on top of a dried thick layer. iconographic texts are written in lead (свинeц) Koine. Contrasted with the more lead white A white natural pigment literary Attic Greek. derived from lead. kokoshnik crest (гребенькокошика) leaf (листa) Single panel of a See ogee arch. leather (кожа) Made Without Hands

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 11 August 2015 (Слова) Word, reason, rational Also called “Doxa” or mastic (мастика) A putty or resin-like thought. Christ is the incarnate “.” A circular or almond- paste. Logos of God. shaped geometric shape surrounding matte (матовый) loros A scarf embedded with precious the glorified or the medallion (медальон) stones and jewels, an attribute of Mother of God. mele Very small gemstones. archangels in attendance on Christ. Mandylion See Made Without Hands. melochnoye pis’mo (мелочное lorum (лор, Gk. for “leather strip”) maniakes Collar worn by Byantine письмо) A miniature painting within A scarf worn by Archangels and Emperor. an icon. emperors. maniple (манипула) A Western merilo A staff carried by Archangels. luzga (лузга) The border between the vestment made of silk that hangs mesnaemphthes A cap which covers kovcheg and the polya. from the left arm. most of the head, made to look like (Мужа скорбей) a crown. M Icon type showing the dead Christ mesyatseslov (месяцеслов, “book of descending into the tomb. It is months”) Book of lives of the saints, Made Without Hands equivalent to the Western “Man of often illuminated. (Нерукотворные) An icon type Sorrows.” metal (металл) depicting the miraculously created mantiya (мантия) A cape worn by metropolitan (митрополит) A rank of image of Christ. According to bishops when proceeding into a bishop. His precise function varies Church tradition, when Christ once church. depending on the jurisdiction of wiped his face on a cloth, His image maphorion ( , “”) A the Orthodox Church in which he was miraculously imprinted onto the μαϕόριον light head scarf worn by women. operates. fabric. This image is known as the marramas A golden cloth used for Mid-Pentecost () A feast celebrated Mandylion or “the Holy Cloth.” The liturgical ornamentation halfway between Pascha and term may also be applied to other Pentecost. miraculously created images. milot Hairy garment worn by such as John the Baptist and Elijah. miter (митра, Gk. for “hat”) A bishop’s crown. molding (литейнаяформа) molivdovul (моливдовул) Leaden hanging seal. Monophysitism Ancient heresy teaching that Christ did not have a full human nature. monstrance (дароносица) Vessel used to display the consecrated Eucharist. mother-of-pearl (перламутр) mummy brown A brown natural Christ surrounded by a mandorla Maniple pigment which was supposedly made by using ground Egyptian mummy remains. Мyrrh-bearers (Жены́-мѷроно́сицы) The three women who discovered the empty tomb of Christ, considered equal to the Apostles. Mysteries, Holy Any one of a number of rites performed within the Church, corresponding to the concept of .

Man of Sorrows

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 12 August 2015 N Nikopoia (Νικόποια, “victory-maker”) ogee arch The enthroned Virgin with the Child (синус) A reverse curve, often nabedrennik (набедренник) A small seated on her lap. Their right hands opposed to create an arch, applied to shield similar to the palitsa. are raised in a gesture of victory. an icon crest or outline of an onion- Name of God In Hebrew, “Ehyeh nimbus Halo. shaped dome. asher Ehyeh” (See Exodus 3) and in oglavie (from глава, “head”) The Greek, Ο ΩΝ, “He that Is,” inscribed O upper segment of a metal icon, on Christ’s numbus to identify Him sometimes attached with a hinge. obozhenie or theosis (обожение, as the Eternal God. oikos (икос, Gk. for “house”) A stanza “deification”) The process of naplavit’ (наплавить) To paint the following a kontakion. becoming a perfect likeness of God, float okhrenie or vokhrenie (охрение, essentially equated with salvation in The antechamber of a church. вохрение) An ochre flesh-color. Orthodox theology. The Saints are nave (иеф, Gk. for “temple”) The oklad (оклад) A metal revetment those who have attained theosis to largest segment of a church, between covering an icon, but showing the an especially high degree. the narthex and the bema. Here the figures’ faces. Also called Riza. obron (оброн) A technique of deeply congregation stands. Old Believers Schismatic group that carving the background of an icon navershie (иавешерие) The top was excommunicated from the around the images to increase the section of an icon. canonical Russian Church after relief work. necklace (ожерелье) refusing to accept the liturgical obsidian (обсидиан) A black stone needlework (шитье) reforms of Nikon. Old that if well-polished can be used as a Neoplatonism A school of thought Believers were severely persecuted gemstone. whose intellectual framework by the state, but preserved by far ochre (охра) A type of clay that can was heavily used by Hellenistic the most conservative forms of icon produce not only brown pigments, . painting. nephrite (нефрит) A variety of jade. but also red, yellow, and purple. Nestorianism Heresy taught by Patriarch Nestorius in the 5th century. The Nestorians believed that Christ consisted of two hypostases, the divine and the human and that only the human part of Christ was born, suffered and died. The responded to this teaching by affirming that Mary is , i.e. gave birth to God in the flesh. The Nestorian controversy has had a profound effect on the Orthodox theology of the icon, as well as icon symbology. Monstrance Omoporion The Creed produced by the first two Ecumenical Councils and the only creed accepted without qualification by the Orthodox Church. Nicene Miracle The appariton of Christ and the Mother of God to St. Nicholas while he was in prison at the council of . They restored his staff and , thus restoring him to the episcopate. nickel (никель) niello A substance applied to metal artwork to create contrast, composed of silver and sulphur. Ogee Arch Open Work Casting MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 13 August 2015 Trinity (Троица Praying posture in which the reserves of Holy Communion are Ветхозаветная) Icon type palm of the hands are lifted up. kept. 3. A pectoral icon worn by representing Abraham’s reception (ὁράριον; орарь) Stole worn certain ranks of clergy. of the three Men of Genesis 18, by a deacon. panagiarion A paten depicting the symbolizing the Holy Trinity. orlets (орлец) A rug showing an eagle Mother of God. olifa Protective oil coating applied on above a city, on which the bishop panel (панель, филёнкаone) Element top of a completed icon. stands during services. of a multi-element piece of art, such (омофоръ, Gk. for orpiment A yellow, orange, or golden as a triptych. “scarf”) A white wool cloth worn mineral used as a natural pigment Pantocrator (Вседержитель, over the shoulders, a distinguishing ozhivky or dvizhky (оживкий, “almighty”) Epithet for Christ, esp. part of a bishop’s vestment. движкий) Light flesh paint. in His common frontal depiction onyx (оникс) A variety of quartz used holding a book. as a gemstone. Although the most P paper (бумага) common onyx color is black, it is paraman (параманъ) A garment paint (окрашивание) found in a wide range of colors; worn over the shoulders of a great- palitsa (палица) A small shield, part some even with separate of Schema monk. of clerical vestment, suspended over color. parecclesion (пареклесия, Gk. for the right knee. opal (опал) “side-church”) A side chapel. pall (покров) A piece of linen used to open work casting (ажурнoeлитье) patagium Purple and gold bands cover the chalice. Open space in a cast metal icon. that decorate the front of womens’ pallet (поддона) oplechny obraz (оплечный образ) . (Панагия, Пресвятая, Gk. An image that depicts the face and paten See diskos. for “all-holy”) 1. The Virgin. shoulders. pateritsa (пакерица) A bishop’s staff. 2. A small folding icon in which patina (патина) Change in color due to exposer to the atmosphere. patriarch (патриарх, Gk. for “national head”) The highest rank of bishop. pattern (узор) pav Many small stones (meles) placed close together pavolka (паволка, “sheet, cover”) A sheet of canvas fixed to the face of an icon panel before painting to prevent cracking. pearl (жемчуг) pectoral (нагрудный) Pelagonitissa (Πελαγονίτισσα) Icon type of the Virgin from Macedonia. Pall Pave The Child appears to be pushing against the Virgin’s face. pendant (панагииа) pendoulia Ornaments that hang from a crown. Pentecost (День Святой Троицы, “Day of the Holy Trinity”) A Great Feast Day celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles. It is considered to be the beginning of the Church on Earth. perevod (перевод) See proris’. peritrachelion (епитрахиллион) See stole.

Detail of a pateritsa Piano hinge

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 14 August 2015 pewter (сплаволовасмедью) A metal A compendium of canonical icon “cup cover”) A small veil draped alloy of tin, copper, and lead. patterns. over the Eucharistic chalice. See phelonion (фелон) The sleeveless podrumyanka (подрумянка) The tint also diskokalymma. outer garment worn by priests and of the red color of lips, cheeks and poyas (поясъ) The clerical belt worn bishops during the celebration of the borders of half-tints. over the epitrakhil. the Eucharist. It corresponds to the podryaznik (подрязник) The inner pozem (позем) Stylized representation Western Chasuble. cassock. of the ground at the bottom of an phylactery An amulet containing a podushechka (подушечка) The icon. . stretched chamois or suede on a prazelen (празелен) Green paint used piadnitsa (пядница) A small replica small panel board on which gold leaf to create the Pozem. of a famous icon. Such icons were is placed during the gilding process. precious stones (драгоценныекамни) produced on a large scale in Russia Pokrov (Покров; Надгробный) The Presentation of Christ (Сретение) from the 15th c. onward. They Protection of the Mother of God, A Great Feast celebrating the typically measure about 25 cm x depicted as herself holding out presentation of Christ in the Temple, 23 cm in size or slightly larger. a veil. polya (поля) The border where He was greeted by Symeon The word derives from the Russian region of an icon panel, around the and Anna. piad' [пядь] meaning span and is kovcheg. Presentation of the Mother of a measure of a man's open hand poliment (полимент) Clay placed on God (Введение) A Great Feast between the thumb and middle an icon before gilding. celebrating the finger. polished (полировка) in the Temple. piano hinge (рояльшарнира) Two polishing (шлифовать) Prestol Ugrotovanni (Престол pieces secured by a pin that runs polystavrion A liturgical vestment Уготованный) The Empty Throne, through a series of small cylinders with black on a white a common object in iconography, that are alternately attached to each background worn by a monk who side. has reached the order of schema piercing (прокалывать) Cutting away (схима, abbreviated as схи) metal in a decorative pattern to pomorskii ornament create open work casting. (поморскийорнамент) of pintle (штырь) Pin or bolt which is ornamenting manuscripts, especially used as part of a pivot or hinge. musical with colorful floral plaque (дощечка) patterns, elaborated in Old Believer Plashanitsa (Плащаница, “on the communities in Pomorsk. tomb”) An embroidered cloth pood (пуд) Old Russian measure of depicting the dead Christ. The weight. One pood = 16.38 kg. = Plashanitsa is used for various 36 lb avoirdupois. purposes during porcelain (фарфор) services. poruchi (поручи) Cuffs worn by plate (лист) A single plate, without clergy. side wings or leafs. poteriokalymma (ποτηριοκάλυμμα, plating (покрытие) A thin covering of Prikrep metal, usually silver or gold. platytera (платитера) The icon depicting the Virgin Mary with the Christ Child. plav’ (плавь) A very thin protective coating that is created during the separation and melding of small amounts of color. podea A cloth upon which icons are places for display. The podae is often embroidered with its own icons. podlinnik, ikonograficheski (иконографическый подлинник) Plashanitsa Platytera

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 15 August 2015 normally with a book upon it and proskynesis icon See analoynaya pyle (πύλη, “gate”) The veil behind the Cross behind it. The Prestol ikona the Royal Doors. Ugrotovanni represents the throne A stand for a (дарохранительница; pl. ) on which Christ will sit as Judge. specially honored icon. Ornamental metal receptacle pridel (придел) An extension or Proto-Gospel of James An in a shape of a church for the special part of the basic part of a apocryphal work, highly influential consecrated Elements. church having an additional altar for on the narratives of the life of the separate liturgical services. Virgin and the birth of Jesus. Q prikrep (прикреп) A chevron striped prototype The person depicted in an quartz (кварц) embroidery often found on halos. image. pripadayushchi (припадающий) protovestarios The “first keeper of R Praying. the wardrobe.” priplesk (приплеск) Pseudo-Matthew, Gospel of An early Raskolnik (Расколник, “Schismatic”) priporokh (припорох) The Medieval Latin apocryphal gospel, a term used by the Russian Orthodox transferring of a sketch onto the from which are borrowed many Church to refer to Old Believers. board by sprinkling charcoal across legends about the Virgin Mary’s life. rason (дублёнка) See shearling. punctures made in the paper along punching (штамповка) raw sienna (натуральнаясиена) the contours of the sketch. purple (пурпуровый) realgar An orange pigment commonly pritenenie (притенение) putty (мастика) used in halos. probela (пробела) Highlights. pyata (пята) Literally “heel” Style of recessed (ниша, альков) proris (прорись) A line drawing for drawing mountain peaks in the form red (красный) an icon. of upwardly turned human heels. reft’ (рефть) A grayish color often proskynesis (проскинеза, Gk. for used in fresco painting as an “kneeling down”) Veneration. underlayment under bright colors in order to soften them. relief (pельеф) A sculpting technique in which the background (typically wood or stone) is lowered, leaving the unsculpted parts seemingly raised. repousse Raising the surface of the metal by indenting the back side. revetment (облицовка) Precious metal used as icon frames. rhipidion or flabellum (рипида) A liturgical fan used in , bearing images of Cherubim and Seraphim. Pyx Royal Doors ribbon (тесьма) ring (кольцо) Jewelry for the finger; (гнутье) Tube. riza (риза) A metal revetment covering an icon, but showing the figures’ faces. Also called Oklad. rolling (прокатка) Root of Jesse Icon type depicting a tree with Christ blossoming out of the center. roskrysh’ (роскрышь) A application of the basic color plane in the contour of the sketch. rospis (роспись) Fresco. Royal Doors The central doors in the Repousse Iconostasis. MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 16 August 2015 rubashka (рубашка) A piece of fabric usually in the form of a coat or representing their listening to God. on the back side of an icon. . smalt (смальта) Glass that is been rubellite (рубеллит) A red or pink shponki (шпонки) Literally “spleen.” mixed with cobalt powder to give it variety of the semi-precious A cross-beam fixed to an icon’s back a blue color. gemstone tourmaline (crystal to prevent warping. Smolenskaya or Mother of God compounded with a metal). sienna (сиена) A brown natural of Smolensk (Смоленская) Icon ruby (рубин) pigment derived from clay. pattern originating with a wonder- ryasa (ряса) The outer cassock. silk (шёлк) working icon in Smolensk, of the rybiy kley (рыбий клей) A glue made silver (серебро) type “Hodigitria.” from sturgeon bladder or cartilage. skete (скит) A small groups of monks smoothed (out) (выравнивать) living together in isolation from solder(ing) (пайка) S civilization. solea (σολέα) Originally, a path skiradion Head-dress worn by connecting the Bema to the sagion (саккос) A cloak worn by Byzantine dignitaries. Sanctuary. In modern usage, the hermits. skos (скос) A slanted border between term is essentially equivalent to sakkos (саккос, Gk. for “sackcloth”) the kovcheg and the frame (polia). “Ambo.” A large vestment for a bishop. skufiya (скуфия) A soft cap worn by Soudarion See Mandylion. (сапфир) Litugical sandals clergy. spear A small spear in the shape of the worn by bishops, reminiscent of the skladen (складень) Several small orthodox cross used to cut the Host. sandals worn in earlier times. icons tied together in a loop, for spika (спика) The three stars depicted sankir (санкирь) Dark underpaint for better security and transportation. on the Virgin’s shawl, symbolizing the face hands and other body parts. slate (сланец) her perpetual virginity, which was Sanctuary (Запрестолныий) The area slukhi (слухи) Long ribbons that retained before, during and after behind the Iconostasis. emanate from the ears of angels giving birth. sapрhire (атлас) scarabicon Outer garment of high Byzantine dignitaries. Schema (Схима, Gk. for “dress, habit”) The monastic habit, embroidered with the Cross, instruments of the Passion and initials of Christ. section (раздел) senmurv (симург) A mythical creature, half bird, half dog or lion. sepulchre veil (плащаница) A cloth usually with the scene of Christ’s body and his Mother crying, used to cover the Holy Table on certain

holidays. Serpent Amulet Smolensk Mother of God Seraphim (Сурафим; from Hebrew) Sg. . Six-winged angels. serpent amulet (змейамулет) Folding or two-sided pectoral icon with a traditional eccleciastical image of the face side and a snake-like composition on the back. sewing (шитье) sfera (сфера) A circle with the inscription ИС ХС in the hands of angels, symbolizing heaven. shading (затушёвка) shearling (дублёнка) A or lambskin pelt that has been sheared,

Schema Spear

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 17 August 2015 spline (шпонка) sticharion (стихарион) Full length, Also called “Mother of God of the spoon A liturgical vessel used to white tunic. Passion.” distribute communion. stikhar (стихарь) A long chiton worn stylite (столпник) A type of ascetic sprue marks Residual impressions by higher clergy. who lived on top of a pillar. on metal caused by an opening in a (чулки) sudariun See acheiropoieic. mold into which molten metal was stolbiki (столбики) Columns in an suppedaneum The cross bar often poured. iconostasis on which the royal doors shown on the bottom of the Cross, srednik (средник) The internal hang. under Christ’s feet. middle part of an icon, limiting the stole (епитрахиллион) A long susal’noye zoloto (сусальное золото) field. vestment worn around the back of Gold leaf. stamping (штамповка) the neck with the two ends hanging suslo (сусло) A dry beer used during starets (старец) An advanced spiritual down parallel to each other in front, the application of the assist. . either attached to each other or suspension loop (подвескацикла) A state robe (платно) hanging loose. metal loop used for hanging a icon staurotheca (from σταυρός, “cross”) stone (камни) svitok (свиток) Sketchbook; scroll. A for a wonder-working strachitsa (стракица) The first layer svyatitel (саятитель) Saint. cross. of cloth to be placed on the altar, synaxarion (синаксарь) A book stemma A circlet inlaid with precious usually plain linen. describing the lives of the saints and stones and a cross which is worn by Strastnaya or Mother of God of meaning of each celebrated event on the Empress. Strastnoi (Страстная) Icon pattern the liturgical calendar. stephanos A crown sent by the originating with a wonder-working synthronon (from θρόνος, “throne”) Byzantine Emperor to his vassal icon in the Strastnoi , A semicircular arrangement of seats kings. Moscow, of the type Eleousa. for the clergy, located behind the Altar.

T tabletka (таблетка) A two-sided icon prepared on both sides with thick canvas. tarnish (тусклость) tablion A silk square on the edge of a chlamys, denoting rank. tempera (темпера) Paints made with the yolk or yolk and white of chicken eggs. In Russia it was often the yolk with a bit of kvass, a beer made from bread. Templon See Iconostasis.

Spoon Stole thaumaturgus (чудотворец) A wonder-working saint, esp. a particular St. Gregory. Theophany (Богоявление; Теофания, Gk. for “appearance of God”) Any visible appearance of . Also the name of a Great Feast Day, celebrating the baptism of Christ and His public manifestation as God’s Son. Also called “Epiphany” in Eastern tradition. Theosis See obozhenie. Theotokos See Bogoroditsa. thread (низание)

Sticharion Tikhvin Mother of God

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 18 August 2015 three-parted composition gilding for the purpose of creating a unmercenaries (целители) (трехчастнойкомпозиции) See gold ornament or text. Physicians who healed the poor free triptych. turquoise (бирюза) of charge. Several pairs of saints three-quarter turn tvorenoye zoloto (твореное золото) bear this epithet, most notably (говоротатричетверти) The Leaves of gold leaf that are ground Cosmas and Damian. position of the secondary figures in to a powder and then mixed with a an icon which they are in a three- binding agent. A gold paint used for V quarter turn facing the central figure. fine lettering. velvet (бархат) (кадило) See cencer. tyablo (тябло) A shelf on an veloum (велум) A large red cloth Tikhvinskaya or Mother of God of iconostasis on which icons are drawn in icons as a conopy over Tikhvin (Тихвинская) Icon pattern positioned. characters, representing that they are originating with a wonder-working typicon (богослужебный устав) inside a room. icon in Tikhvin, a cross between the A book of liturgical rubrics and venets (венец) An applied halo on an types Hodigitria and Eleousa. protocol. oklad. tin (олово) verdigris (медянка) tinsel (блестки) U vermeil Plating of gold over sterling titulus An inscription on an icon. ubrus (убрус) The towel with the silver. topaz (топаз) image of Christ. vermillion (вермильон) toptunic (риасса) umber (умбра) A type of brown clay vernicle (Спас Нерукотворный) The trabea Brocaded scarf worn by natural pigment. “holy face,” the image not made by Roman consuls. Umilenie (Умиление) Variant of hand. translation (перенесение) Moving, Eleousa in which the Virgin holds vita icon An icon that pictures the life usually of relics. her Son in the right arm. of a saint. Transfiguration (Преображение) One of the Twelve Great Feast Days, commemorating the revelation of the divine glory of Christ to three disciples on Mount Tabor. The event is considered to have eschatological significance. triptych (триптих, Gk. for “folded in three”) A set of three icons connected by hinges and folding together. (Трисвятое, “thrice-holy”) The Trinitarian hymn, “Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us.” Triumph of Orthodoxy The end of Iconoclasm under the Empress Irene Troyeruchitsa Mother of God Vladimir Mother of God in 843, celebrated as an important feast day. (тропар) A short hymn or a stanza. Troyeruchitsa (Троеручица, “three- handed”) Icon pattern based on an Athonite icon, depicting the Virgin with three hands. tsata (цата) A crescent-shaped pectoral decoration attached on an oklad. tsir’, tsirovka (цирь, цировка) A mixing of colors applied on top of

Umilenie Mother of God Znamenie Mother of God

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 19 August 2015 Vladimirskaya or Mother of God of W zhivki (живки) Small gaps that Vladimir (Владимирская) A highly enliven an image. celebrated wonder-working icon of wash, gold (наводка) zinc (цинк) the Mother of God originally painted waxen (восковая) Znamenie (Знамение, “the Sign”) in in 1131. wing (крыло) One of the two lateral Icon type depicting Christ Voskresenie (Воскресение, panels of a triptych. Emmanuel in the womb of the “Resurrection”) The Resurrection white (белый чвет) Symbol of God’s Mother of God, who stands in the of Christ and the icon type of the holiness, cleanliness and eternity. orans position. subject, also known as the “Descent Angels and are also often Znamenie Novgorodskaya into Hades.” The risen Christ is shown in a white tunic. (Знамение Новгородская) Icon depicted trampling the doors of wood (дерево) pattern originating with a wonder- Hades, resurrecting and wrought (кованый) working icon in Novgorod, of the and leading the captive saints of the type “Mother of God of the Sign.” Old Testament to Paradise. Y znamenitel’ (знаменитель) Master vozdukh (воздухъ, “misty air”) yellow (желтый) iconographer. A large veil carried in solemn znamenshchik (знаменщик) The procession during the Great Z head iconographer in a team of Entrance, then draped over the iconographers, who makes the Eucharistic elements on the altar. zastavitsa (заставица) Compositional sketch for a prospective icon. vplavlyat’ (вплавлять) The delicate outline. zolotoprobelnoye (золотопробелное) blending of one color into another. zertsalo (зерцало) A transparent globe Application of gold powder on an vrezok (врезок) The practice of held by Archangels. icon as highlighting. inserting part of an old icon into zhertvennik (жертвенник) The zone (зона) Cloth belt worn by priests a new one, developed by Old northern part of the Sanctuary, and bishops over the . Believers. where the Eucharistic Gifts are zubok (зубок) A small piece of prepared. polished agate, boar or wolf tooth, zhitiynaya ikona (житийная икона) used in polishing gold. See vita icon.

MUSEUM OF RUSSIAN ICONS 20 August 2015