LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Resource Management and Development Department Environmental Laboratory and Research Division
Water Quality Assessment Report Tanay River 2011
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT REPORT TANAY RIVER 2011
Prepared by:
Jonathan U. Nicolas – Aquaculturist II Christine S. Garcia – Environmental Management Specialist II Ma. Magdalena T. Almonte – Environmental Management Specialist II Usman Datu F. Mamadra Jr. – Environmental Management Specialist I
Reviewed by:
Jocelyn G. Sta. Ana – OIC, Environmental Laboratory and Research Division
Adelina C. Santos-Borja – OIC, Resource Management and Development Department
For more information, please contact:
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division Resource Management and Development Department Laguna Lake Development Authority
Tel No. 286-61-43
Stn. 1 – Mouth of Tanay River at Brgy. Wawa. Stn. 2 – Town Proper (Poblacion) Plaza Aldea Stn. 3 – Manila East Road Bridge (National High-way) Stn. 4 – Headwater located near the entrance of Daranak National Park Stn. 5 – Daranak Falls
Figure 1. Location of Tanay River Sampling Stations.
Introduction :
The Municipality of Tanay is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is located 57 kilometers east of Manila, although a typical commute between Manila and Tanay will take between one to three hours depending upon traffic conditions. It contains portions of the Sierra Madre Mountains and is bordered by Antipolo City in the northeast, Baras, Morong and Teresa in the west, General Nakar (Quezon Province) in the east, and Pililla, Santa Maria (Laguna province) as well as the Laguna de Bay in the south. According to the latest census (2007), it has a population of 94,460 people in 15,720 households. The majority of the population consists of Tagalogs who live near Laguna de Bay, though there is also a significant percentage of mountain dwelling people living in the northern portions of the municipality. (www.tanay.gov.ph)
Tanay municipality has strong hilly to mountainous areas (30 degrees and above) with an expanse of approximately 4,188 hectares. These are found covering portions of Barangay Sta. Inez, Mamuyao, Tinukan, Sto. Nino, San Andres, Cayabu, Laiban, Daraitan and Sampaloc. Strong sloping or strongly rolling land (18-30 degrees) which are found in portions of Barangays Plaza Aldea, Kaybuto, Katipunan Bayani, Tabing Ilog, Mag-ampon, Cuyambay, Sampaloc, Daraitan, Laiban, Mamuyao, Sto. Nino, Tinukan, and San Andres accounts for 8,471 hectares of the total land area. Moderately sloping or rolling land (8-18 degrees) constitutes 3,100 hectares of the municipality’s total land area. These are found in Barangays Cayabu, San Andres, Cuyambay, Sampaloc, Plaza Aldea, Daraitan, Laiban, Tandang Kutyo and Katipunan Bayani. The remaining 7,807 hectares have slopes ranging from level to undulating. Maximum rainfall usually occurs from June to September. The average rainfall is 135.5 mm with a peak of 322.2 mm in August and a low 5.3 mm in April. Relative humidity is 79%. This makes the municipality better than the municipalities of Laguna, which has an average relative humidity of 81%. Portions of Barangays Kay Buto, San Isidro, Pinagkamaligan, Plaza Aldea, and the whole of Wawa are affected by moderate to severe seasonal flooding hazard characterized by more frequent and deeper run-off water. This takes a week or a few months to subside. Based on the land limitation map, eroded areas comprise about 749 hectares while erosion-prone shallow soil areas consist of 1,855 hectares.(R.Vicente et.al, 2010)
In support of the River Rehabilitation Program of LLDA, the Environmental Laboratory and Research Division (ELRD) staff conducted water quality sampling in Tanay River on June 19, 2011, to represent the wet season and December 1, 2011, to represent the dry season.
Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Sampling Stations and Frequency of Sampling:
Monitoring was undertaken on a seasonal basis (wet and dry). Collection of water and sediment samples for physico-chemical, biological and microbiological analyses was conducted at the different designated stations identified during the reconnaissance activity on 17 June 2011 along the stretch of Tanay River. ELRD has established five (5) sampling stations at various sections of the river and were properly marked using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. Sampling stations were named and identified as follows: Station 1 – Mouth of Tanay River at Barangay Wawa; Station 2 – Plaza Aldea, Poblacion, beside the Barangay Hall; Station 3 – Manila East Road, National Hi-way; Station 4 – Headwater, near the entrance of Daranak National Park and Station 5 – Daranak Falls. The map of the sampling stations is shown in Figure 1.
The assessment of the water quality was done for the purpose of determining the seasonal variations of the water quality at different stations of the river in terms of the chemical, biological and bacteriological parameters.
Field Observations and In-Situ Measurements:
Field observations were recorded during the sampling activities for both wet and dry seasons and are presented in Tables 2 and 3. During the wet season, moderate to fast flowing waters were observed with water temperature ranging from 26oC to 28oC. A sunny weather occurred at the time of sampling. Air temperature was recorded between 27oC to 31oC. Dry season registered a lower level of temperature for both water and air that ranges from 26oC to 29oC for air and 23oC to 25oC for water. Sunny weather and moderate to fast flowing waters was observed at the time of sampling.
Actual physical condition of all the stations for wet and dry seasons is presented in Figures 2a to 6b.
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 2 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Stn. 1 – Mouth of Tanay River at Brgy. Wawa. Stn. 2 – Town Proper (Poblacion) Plaza Aldea Stn. 3 – Manila East Road Bridge (National High-way) Stn. 4 – Headwater located near the entrance of Daranak National Park Stn. 5 – Daranak Falls Figure 1. Location of Tanay River Sampling Stations.
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 3 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 2a. Tanay River Station 1
Wet Season – June 29, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Name of Station Mouth – Brgy. Wawa P0315034 GPS Reading (UTM) 1602589 Time 09:35 AM Air Temperature (oC) 27 Water Temperature (oC) 26 Weather Sunny Water Condition Moderately flowing Color of the Water Greenish Width Approximately 40m Depth 1.5m Other observations: Presence of fish fry along the side, patches of water hyacinth going to the lake, floating debris and dried twigs, residential area
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 5 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 2b. Tanay River Station 1
Dry Season - December 1, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Name of Station Mouth – Brgy. Wawa P0315034 GPS Reading (UTM) 1602589 Time 09:15 AM Air Temperature (oC) 29 Water Temperature (oC) 25 Weather Sunny Water Condition Moderately flowing Color of the Water Greenish brown Width Approximately 38m Depth .75m Other observations: With floating garbage
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 6 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 3a. Tanay River Station 2
Wet Season – June 29, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Town Proper, Poblacion (Plaza Name of Station Aldea) P0315160 GPS Reading (UTM) 1603451 Time 09:40 AM Air Temperature (oC) 29 Water Temperature (oC) 27 Weather Sunny Water Condition Moderately flowing Color of the Water Greenish Width Approximately 25m Depth .75m Other observations: residential and commercial area, with floating debris, presence of fish fry, soil erosion brought by heavy flushing
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 7 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 3b. Tanay River Station 2
Dry Season - December 1, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Town Proper, Poblacion (Plaza Name of Station Aldea) P0315160 GPS Reading (UTM) 1603451 Time 09:25 AM Air Temperature (oC) 29 Water Temperature (oC) 25 Weather Sunny Water Condition Moderately flowing Color of the Water Greenish With Approximately 24m Depth .5m Other observations: With floating debris, low level of water
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 8 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 4a. Tanay River Station 3
Wet Season – June 29, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Manila East Road Name of Station (National High-way) P0315920 GPS Reading (UTM) 1604051 Time 10:00 AM Air Temperature (oC) 31 Water Temperature (oC) 25 Weather Sunny Water Condition Fast flowing Color of the Water Greenish Width Approximately 15m Depth .75m Other observations: Residential and commercial area, pebbles to head size stones river bed, grasses/cogon on both sides of the banks, presence of garbage also noted
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 9 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 4b. Tanay River Station 3
Dry Season - December 1, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Manila East Road Name of Station (National High-way) P0315920 GPS Reading (UTM) 1604051 Time 10:20 AM Air Temperature (oC) 26 Water Temperature (oC) 25 Weather Sunny Water Condition Fast flowing Color of the Water Clear Width Approximately 13m Depth .3m Other observations: Presence of garbage along the banks
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 10 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 5a. Tanay River Station 4
Wet Season – June 29, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Headwater (near entrance of Name of Station Daranak National Park) P031781 GPS Reading (UTM) 1608658 Time 10:58 AM Air Temperature (oC) 30 Water Temperature (oC) 26 Weather Sunny Water Condition Fast flowing Color of the Water Clear Width Approximately 10m Depth .3m Other observations: Presence of few garbage result of picnic activity, floating debris/twigs, pebbles to head size stones river bed, area for swimming
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 11 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 5b. Tanay River Station 4
Dry Season - December 1, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Headwater (near entrance of Name of Station Daranak National Park) P031781 GPS Reading (UTM) 1608658 Time 10:35 AM Air Temperature (oC) 27 Water Temperature (oC) 23 Weather Sunny Water Condition Fast flowing Color of the Water Clear Width Approximately 7m Depth .2m Other observations: Rock balancing activity was noted in the area
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 12 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 6a. Tanay River Station 5
Wet Season – June 29, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Name of Station Daranak Falls P0317865 GPS Reading (UTM) 1608629 Time 10:48 AM Air Temperature (oC) 28 Water Temperature (oC) 27 Weather sunny Water Condition Fast flowing Color of the Water Clear Width Approximately 8m Depth .75m Other observations: Trees on both sides of the river banks forming shaded areas, dried leaves/twigs floating, pebbles to headsize stones river
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 13 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Figure 6b. Tanay River Station 5
Dry Season - December 1, 2011
Field Observations and in-Situ Measurements
Name of Station Daranak Falls P0317865 GPS Reading (UTM) 1608629 Time 11:50 AM Air Temperature (oC) 27 Water Temperature (oC) 25 Weather Sunny Water Condition Fast flowing Color of the Water Clear Width Approximately 5m Depth .5m Other observations: Rock balancing activity was noted in the area
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 14 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Results of Physico-Chemical Analyses:
The results of the physico-chemical analyses of the collected water samples are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The analytical results were compared to the DENR Water Quality Criteria for Class C Waters as specified in the DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No. 34 and below are the findings:
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved Oxygen (Wet/Dry)
10
8 D.O.- WET
6 D.O.- DRY
4
Class "C" (5mg/L D.O. mg/L 2 minimum )
0
Brgy. Wawa Plaza Aldea Daranak Falls
Manila East Road Tanay Headwater
Stations
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is one of the water quality parameters used as an indication of how polluted the water is and how well the water can support aquatic plant and animal life. DO is the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water and is essential to streams and lakes.
For the wet season, the dissolved oxygen in all the stations met the minimum criterion of 5mg/L for Class C waters. This is an indication that the river system has good quality for fish and other organisms to survive. Likewise, all stations passed the criterion for D.O. for the dry season.
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 15 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD, measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms in decomposing organic matter in water. BOD parameter measures the organic strength of wastes in water; the higher the BOD concentration, the greater the degree of organic pollution.
For Tanay, all five stations passed the criterion of 10 mg/L for BOD during the wet and dry season. pH
pH (WeT/Dry)
8 pH- WET
6 pH- DRY
Class "C" ( 6.5, unit )
4 pH unitpH Class "C" ( 8.5, unit ) 2
0
Brgy. Wawa Plaza Aldea Daranak Falls
Manila East Road Tanay Headwater Stations
The most commonly measured chemical characteristic of water is its pH since its changes can alter the aspects of water chemistry. Most rivers have a neutral to slightly basic pH of 6.5 to 8.5. If the river has pH less than 5.5, it may be too acidic for fish to survive in, while river with a pH greater than 8.6 may be too basic. Sudden shift in pH can affect aquatic life since this may indicate presence of contaminants in the river. However, since some rivers are naturally acidic — or basic — pH may not necessarily indicate pollution (www.cotf.edu).
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 16 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
The pH for all the stations in Tanay is within the acceptable range for Class C waters for the wet season. As for the dry season, the stations in Daranak Falls and Tanay Headwater with pH values of 8.6 slightly exceeded the required range.
Oil and Grease
The concentration of dispersed oil and grease in water is an important parameter in water quality. These can cause surface films and shoreline deposits leading to environmental degradation, which can result to human health risks when discharged to surface and ground water.
Both stations in Brgy. Wawa and Manila East Road failed to comply with the criterion for Oil and Grease during the wet season. This may be due to wastes coming from nearby community. But for the dry season, all stations passed the criterion for oil and grease.
Nitrate and Inorganic Phosphate
Nitrate (Wet/Dry)
12
10 Nitrate-WET 8
6 Nitrate-DRY
4 Class "C" (10 mg/L)
2 Nitrate, mg-N/L Nitrate, 0
Brgy. Wawa Plaza Aldea Daranak Falls
Manila East Road Tanay Headwater
Stations
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 17 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Inorganic Phosphate (Wet/Dry)
0.5
0.4 Inorganic Phosphate- WET 0.3 Inorganic Phosphate- DRY 0.2
Class "C" (0.4 mg/L) 0.1
Inorganic Phosphate, mg-P/L 0
Brgy. Wawa Plaza Aldea Daranak Falls
Manila East Road Tanay Headwater
Stations
Phosphates and nitrates are required to maintain the growth and metabolism of plants and animals. However, in excess amounts, these nutrients are proven harmful. Nutrients enrichment or eutrophication is a main cause in the destruction of bodies of water. This causes phytoplankton to grow and reproduce more rapidly, resulting in algal blooms which disrupt normal ecosystem functioning and cause many problems like depletion of dissolved oxygen, blocking of sunlight from photosynthetic marine plants and producing toxins that are harmful to higher forms of life (www.water- pollution.org.uk/eutophica).
All stations passed the criteria for nitrates and phosphates for the wet and dry season.
Chloride
Chloride (Wet/Dry)
350 300 Chloride-WET 250 200 Chloride-DRY 150
100 Class "C" (350 mg/L) 50
Inorganic Phosphate, mg-P/L 0
Brgy. Wawa Plaza Aldea Daranak Falls
Manila East Road Tanay Headwater
Stations
Chlorides are salts resulting from the combination of the gas chlorine with a metal. Some common chlorides are sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 18 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
(MgCl2). Chlorine which is commonly used as a disinfectant is highly toxic. In combination with a metal such as sodium it becomes essential for life. Small amounts of chlorides are required for normal cell functions in plant and animal life. Chlorides may get into surface water from several sources like rocks containing chlorides; agricultural runoff; wastewater from industries; oil well wastes; effluent wastewater from wastewater treatment plants, and road salting. High level of chlorides can contaminate fresh water streams and lakes wherein fish and aquatic communities cannot survive. (www.state.ky.us/nrepc/water/ncpel.htm)
All the stations for Tanay showed low concentration of chloride during the wet and dry season, thus passing the criterion for chloride which is 350 mg/L.
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 19 Laguna Lake Development Authority
Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Table 1. Results of the Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water Samples from Tanay River: WET season
STATIONS DENR Class C Water PARAMETERS Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Quality Criteria pH, units 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.5 7.0 6.5-8.5 Total Suspended Solids, mg/L 15 17 17 9 14 <30 (increase) Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L 248 253 223 217 211 * Total Solids, mg.L 263 270 240 226 225 * Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 * Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 3 4 2 <2 2 10 mg/L Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.8 8.1 5 (minimum) Oil/Grease, mg/L 3 2 3 2 1 2 Ammonia, mg/L NH3-N 0.1312 0.1225 0.1598 0.0458 0.0141 * Nitrate, mg/L NO3-N 0.9510 1.0446 0.8773 0.5057 0.3455 10 Inorganic Phosphate, mg/L 0.3061 0.2740 0.3265 0.0843 0.0044 0.4 Total Phosphorus, mg/L 0.3061 0.277 0.3265 0.1089 0.0216 * Total Nitrogen, mg/L 3.9 5.6 3.9 4.3 3.2 * Chloride, mg/L 11 11 11 11 7 350 Alkalinity, mg CaCO3/L 188 180 176 180 172 * Calcium Hardness, mg CaCO3/L 128 116 112 100 100 * Total Hardness,mg CaCO3/L 192 188 188 184 168 * Turbidity, NTU 9 11 9 6 7 * Conductivity, uS/cm 405 399 385 375 358 *
*Note: No set DENR Class C Water Quality Criteria
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 21 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Table 2. Results of the Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water Samples from Tanay River: DRY season
STATIONS DENR Class C Water PARAMETERS Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Quality Criteria pH, units 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.6 8.6 6.5-8.5 Total Suspended Solids, mg/L 4 5 8 10 6 <30 (increase) Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L 272 284 262 261 226 * Total Solids, mg.L 276 289 270 271 232 * Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L 8 12 16 16 12 * Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 2 2 <2 <2 <2 10 mg/L Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 5.6 8.2 8.0 8.0 8.1 5 (minimum) Oil/Grease, mg/L <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 Ammonia, mg/L NH3-N 0.2329 0.2626 0.1447 0.1464 0.2031 * Nitrate, mg/L NO3-N 1.4822 1.662 1.5902 0.4387 0.7227 10 Inorganic Phosphate, mg/L 0.2585 0.2559 0.1876 0.0680 0.0079 0.4 Total Phosphorus, mg/L 0.2585 0.2559 0.1876 0.156 0.2342 * Total Nitrogen, mg/L 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.5 4.7 * Chloride, mg/L 11 15 11 15 4 350 Alkalinity, mg CaCO3/L 192 184 184 184 160 * Calcium Hardness, mg CaCO3/L 120 112 88 116 96 * Total Hardness,mg CaCO3/L 196 200 208 200 200 * Turbidity, NTU 2 2 2 2 1 * Conductivity, uS/cm 366 360 341 335 331 *
*Note: No set DENR Class C Water Quality Criteria
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 22 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Results of Biological Analyses:
Table 6a to 6d present the algal and benthic population of Tanay River and its water quality assessment.
Phytoplankton or Microscopic Algae (Dry and Wet Season)
Phytoplankton also known as microalgae, are similar to terrestrial plants that contain chlorophyll and requires sunlight in order to live and grow. Most phytoplankton are buoyant and occupies the upper portion of the water column where sunlight penetrates the water and requires inorganic nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates, and sulfur which in effect are converted into proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
In a balanced ecosystem, phytoplankton provides food for a wide range of aquatic life including fish, shrimps and snails. When too many nutrients are available, phytoplankton may grow out of control and form harmful algal blooms (HABs). These blooms can produce extremely toxic compounds that have harmful effects on fish, shellfish, mammals, birds, and even to people.
Phytoplankton is also considered as water quality indicator of an ecosystem such as lakes and rivers. Phytoplankton communities are sensitive to changes in their environment and, therefore, phytoplankton total biomass and many phytoplankton species are used as indicators of water quality (e. g. Olrik, 1994; Reynolds et al., 2002; Brettum and Andersen, 2005).
Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of phytoplankton samples collected in Tanay River during the dry season, three (3) stations were classified as polluted in terms of algal composition and percentage contribution. Stations 2, 3 and 5 gave a total of 3171, 45784 and 1364 counts per ml of polluted algae identified as Nitzchia sp.and Gomphonema sp. with percent contribution of 75, 90.6 and 50 respectively. Station 5 was also classified as polluted water with only 50% algal contribution from polluted water indicator since 50% from unclassified algae was identified. However, only station 4 (Headwater) was classified as clean water based on the algal composition identified as Navicula sp. Station 1 was dominated by Glenodinium sp. with total counts of 1110 per ml. It was however observed that based on the water quality condition during the wet season, no significant difference was recorded in the stretch of Tanay River.. It is worth mentioning that Station 4 maintained its classification as clean water. The algal population is mainly clean water indicator. Stations 1,2,3 and 5 were all classified as polluted waters since polluted water indicators dominate the algal population. Nitzchia sp. was the only algae recorded in Stations 2 and 5 as compared to only 75 and 50 percent in same stations during the dry season, respectively.
Benthic Fauna (Dry and Wet Season)
Benthic fauna are organisms that dwell in the bottom of any water body. Tanay River was classified according to the benthic populations as Clean Water Indicator (CWI), Moderately Polluted Indicator (MPWI), and Polluted Water Indicator (PWI).
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During the dry season, Station 1 was relatively the most diversified with five (5) species identified with a total of 808 counts per liter with Physa gyrina as the most dominant. Station 1 was classified as polluted with 82.30 percent of the population belonging to the Polluted Water Indicator. Station 2 was classified as moderately polluted with 100 percent moderately polluted benthic indicators with Melonoides tuberculatus as the dominant species. Station 3, 4 and 5 were classified as clean water with 75, 100 and 100 percent clean water indicator identified respectively with Caenis sp and Baetis sp as the dominant species.
Likewise, during the wet season it was observed that Station 1 has improved its water quality from polluted to moderately polluted based on the identified benthic fauna population .Stations 2,3,4 and 5 maintained its classifications as moderately polluted and as clean water, respectively. In terms of water quality, Tanay River has shown a little bit of improvement especially in Station 1 from polluted during the dry season to moderately polluted during the wet season.
Table 3. Results of Biological Analyses of Water Samples
3a. Summary of Water Quality Assessment in Tanay River Based on Phytoplankton/Algal Population
Wet Season
Stations Location Counts (organism/sq.m.) % Contribution Water OTHER % % Quality CWA PWA S TOTAL CWA PWA % OTHERS Assessment 1 Mouth, Brgy. Wawa 718 2153 0 2871 25.0 75.0 0.0 Polluted 2 Plaza Aldea 0 789 0 789 0.0 100.0 0.0 Polluted 3 Manila East Road 2153 2871 0 5024 42.9 57.1 0.0 Polluted 4 Headwater 753 0 0 753 100.0 0.0 0.0 Clean 5 Daranak Falls 0 861 0 861 0.0 100.0 0.0 Polluted
Dry Season
Stations Location Counts (organism/sq.m.) % Contribution Water OTHER % % Quality CWA PWA S TOTAL CWA PWA % OTHERS Assessment 1 Mouth, Brgy. Wawa 0 0 1110 1110 0.0 0.0 100.0 Not Classified 2 Plaza Aldea 1057 3171 0 4228 25.0 75.0 0.0 Polluted 3 Manila East Road 2368 45784 2368 50520 4.7 90.6 4.7 Polluted 4 Headwater 2153 0 718 2871 75.0 0.0 25.0 Clean 5 Daranak Falls 0 1364 1364 2728 0.0 50.0 50.0 Polluted
Notes: CWA - Clean Water Algae PWA - Polluted Water Algae Others - Algae not classified as CWA or PWA
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 24 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
3b. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytoplankton or Algae
Wet Season Phytoplankton/Algae Sampling Stations Identified (counts/sq.m.) Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Clean Water Indicator
Division Bacillariophyta Navicula sp. 718 0 2153 783 0 Sub Total 718 0 2153 783 0
Polluted Water Indicator
Division Bacillariophyta Nitzschia sp. 2153 789 2871 0 861 Sub Total 2153 789 2871 0 861
TOTAL 2871 789 5024 783 861
Dry Season Phytoplankton/Algae Sampling Stations Identified (counts/sq.m.) Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Clean Water Indicator
Division Bacillariophyta Navicula sp. 0 1057 2368 2153 0 Sub Total 0 1057 2368 2153 0
Polluted Water Indicator
Division Cyanophyta Spirogyra sp. 0 1057 0 0 0
Division Bacillariophyta Gomphonema sp. 0 1057 2368 0 0 Nitzschia sp. 0 1057 43416 0 1364 Sub Total 0 3171 45784 0 1364
Division Bacillariophyta Stephanodiscus sp. 1110 0 1579 0 0 Synedra sp. 0 0 789 0 682
Division Pyrrophyta Glenodinium sp. 0 0 0 718 682 Sub Total 1110 0 2368 718 1364
TOTAL 1110 4228 50520 2871 2728
Note: Number of algae is expressed in organism per square meter.
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 25 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
3c. Summary of Water Quality Assessment in Tanay River Based on Benthic Population
Wet Season Water Quality Station Counts % Contribution Assessment CWI MPWI PWI Total %CWI %MPWI %PWI Moderately Stn. 1 0 286 0 286 0 100 0 Polluted Moderately Stn. 2 0 334 48 382 0 87.43 12.57 Polluted Stn. 3 33 0 11 44 75 0 25 Clean
Stn. 4 99 0 0 99 100 0 0 Clean
Stn. 5 55 0 0 55 100 0 0 Clean
Dry Season Water Quality Station Counts % Contribution Assessment CWI MPWI PWI Total %CWI %MPWI %PWI
Stn. 1 0 143 665 808 0 17.70 82.30 Polluted
Moderately Stn. 2 0 381 0 381 0 100 0 Polluted Stn. 3 22 0 11 33 75 0 25 Clean
Stn. 4 77 0 0 77 100 0 0 Clean
Stn. 5 55 0 0 55 100 0 0 Clean
Notes: Stn. 1 - Tanay River mouth Stn. 2 - Plaza Aldea, Tanay, Rizal Stn. 3 - Manila East Road (National Hi-way) Stn. 4 - Headwater (near entrance of Daranak National Park) Stn. 5 - Daranak Falls CWI - Clean Water Indicator MPWI - Moderately Polluted Water Indicator PWI - Polluted Water Indicator
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3d. Qualitative and Quantitative of Benthic Fauna
Wet Season Organisms Sampling Stations (# of individual/sq.m.) Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Clean Water Indicator (CWI) Order Ephemeroptera Family Baetidae Baetis sp. 33 33 Family Caenidae Caenis sp. 22 Order Plecoptera Family Perlidae 33 22 Order Hemiptera Family Gerridae 44 22 TOTAL CWI 33 99 77
Moderately Polluted Indicator (MPWI) Class Gastropoda Family Thiaridae Melanoides tuberculatus 48 48 Thiara sp. 95 190 Family Viviparidae Viviparus viviparous 143 48 Family Planorbidae Hippeutis umbilicalis 48
TOTAL MPWI 286 334
Polluted Water Indicator (PWI)
Class Gastropoda Family Physidae Physa gyrina 48
Class Insecta Order Diptera Family Chironomidae Diamesa sp. 11
TOTAL PWI 48 11
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 27 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Dry Season Organisms Sampling Stations (# of individual/sq.m) Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Clean Water Indicator (CWI)
Order Ephemeroptera Family Baetidae Baetis sp. 22 22 33 Family Caenidae Caenis sp. 33 Order Trichoptera Family Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche 22 Order Hemiptera Family Gerridae 22 TOTAL CWI 22 77 55
Moderately Polluted Indicator (MPWI)
Class Gastropoda Family Thiaridae Thiara scabra 95 Melanoides tuberculatus 95 143 Thiara sp. Family Planorbidae Hippeutis umbilicalis 48 48 Family Pleuroceridae Brotia costulata 95
TOTAL MPWI 143 381
Polluted Water Indicator (PWI)
Class Gastropoda Family Physidae Physa gyrina 285
Class Insecta Order Diptera Family Chironomidae Diamesa sp 237 11
Class Oligochaeta Family Tubificidae 143
TOTAL PWI 665 11 Note: Results of quantitative analysis is expressed in number of individuals per square meter.
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 28 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
Table 4. Results of Bacteriological Analyses of Water Samples
Wet Season
Parameters Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Total Coliform 110,000 30,000 5,000 5,000 2,200 (MPN/100 ml) Fecal Coliform 50,000 23,000 5,000 5,000 1,700 (MPN/100 ml) Detection of + + + + + Escherichia coli
Dry Season
Parameters Stn. 1 Stn. 2 Stn. 3 Stn. 4 Stn. 5 Total Coliform 350,000 540,000 92,000 35,000 35,000 (MPN/100 ml) Fecal Coliform 110,000 240,000 24,000 1,300 35,000 (MPN/100 ml) Detection of + + - + + Escherichia coli Note: DAO 34, DENR 1990 Class C Water Quality Criterion for Total Coliforms (TC) is 5,000 MPN/100 ml while none for fecal coliforms
Results of Bacteriological Analyses:
350 540 120,000 Wet 100,000
80,000 Dry 60,000
40,000 MPN/100 mL MPN/100 WQ Criteria 20,000 (TC=5000 MPN/100 mL) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Stations
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 29 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River
The results of the microbiological analysis of Tanay River is presented in Table 4. Water quality assessment for microbiological parameters is based on the Water Quality Criteria for Class C Waters (DAO 34, 1900) which is set at 5,000 MPN/100 mL. Based on the results, Stations 1 and 2 exceeded the criterion during the wet season. Station 1which is located within the residential area wherein the domestic wastes are discharged directly to the river registered the highest total coliform concentration of 110,000 MPN/100 mL, while station 2 is located in the town proper and within the residential area also. Station 5 gave the lowest coliform concentration of 2,200 MPN/100 mL. It is located in Daranak Falls, whereby less visitors are coming during the wet season.
During the dry season, all stations exceeded the set criterion. Station 2 recorded the highest total coliform with the concentration of 540,000 MPN/100 mL while stations 4 and 5 recorded the lowest both at 35,000 MPN/100 mL. Higher concentration was recorded during the dry season due to low level of water ( 0.3 m for station 4 and 0.5 m for station 5) occurring due to occasional rains and coliform bacteria are concentrated during summer.
There is no set criterion for fecal coliforms. Station 1 recorded the highest (50,000 MPN/100 mL) while Station 5 recorded the lowest (1,700 MPN/100 mL) during the wet season. In the dry season, Station 2 recorded the highest concentration at 240,000 MPN/100 mL while Station 4 recorded the lowest concentration of 1,300 MPN/100 mL for the dry season. Escherichia coli is present in all the stations in both wet and dry season except in Station 3 in the dry season.
Coliforms are class of bacteria found in our environment, including the feces of man and other warm-blooded animals. Coliform bacteria are commonly used as bacterial indicator of water since their presence in water may indicate the possible presence of harmful, disease-causing organisms. Fecal coliforms are the group of the total coliforms that are considered to be present specifically in the gut and feces of warm-blooded animals. Because the origin of fecal coliforms are more specific than the origin of the more general total coliform group of bacteria, fecal coliforms are considered a more accurate indication of animal or human waste than the total coliforms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the major species in the fecal coliform group. E. coli is considered to be the species of coliform bacteria that is the best indicator of fecal pollution and on the possible presence of pathogens (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed.)
Conclusion and Recommendations:
Based on the results of the chemical analyses, only Station 1 (Brgy. Wawa) and Station 3 (Manila East Road, National Highway) representing the wet season failed to meet the water quality criterion set in the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order (DAO) 34 in terms of oil and grease with a measured value of 3 mg/L. All other remaining stations passed the criteria. Water quality assessment based on the result of biological parameter showed that only station 4 (Headwater) recorded as clean for both wet and dry season. Stations 1, 2, 3 and 5 appeared to be polluted in terms of algal counts and moderately polluted in benthic
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 30 Laguna Lake Development Authority Water Quality Assessment Report –Tanay River population. However, Station 5 (Daranak falls) also indicates clean water in terms of its invertebrates community. Among the five (5) stations identified along the stretch of Tanay river, Station 5 (Daranak falls) during the wet season was able to comply with the DAO water quality criterion for Total Coliform with a recorded value of 2,200 MPN/100 mL . All other stations failed to meet the set criterion.
With the presented results based on chemical, biological and microbiological analysis, Stations 4 and 5 are considered to be clean though Station 5 (wet season) gave an indication of pollution in terms of phytoplankton analysis. This could be attributed to the improper use of the Daranak resort. This is an indication that the river system of Tanay needs to be addressed for a restoration program.
In order to save the deteriorating water quality in some part of Tanay River, it is strongly recommended that continuous effort to clean up the river must be done devotedly not only by LLDA and Local Government Unit but also by the community. Indiscriminate dumping of garbage from the people living along the river banks must be given strict compliance with corresponding penalties.
Information/Education/Communication campaign must be strengthened by the local government. The ―Adopt a River‖ program /project and the People’s Organizations in Tanay must work hand in hand to help in the awareness in realizing the importance of rehabilitation of Tanay River System.
Environmental Laboratory and Research Division 31 Laguna Lake Development Authority LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Resource Management and Development Department Environmental Laboratory and Research Division
Water Quality Assessment Report Tanay River 2011