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Ecological Management of Pine Forests Ecological Management of Pine Forests Edited by Rodolfo Picchio and Roberto Mercurio Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Forests www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Ecological Management of Pine Forests Ecological Management of Pine Forests Special Issue Editors Rodolfo Picchio Roberto Mercurio MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Rodolfo Picchio Roberto Mercurio University of Tuscia Italian Society of Forest Restoration (SIRF) Italy Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Forests (ISSN 1999-4907) from 2017 to 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/forests/special issues/ecological pine) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-425-3 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-426-0 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Burak Kantarci c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to ”Ecological Management of Pine Forests” ......................... ix Won Il Choi, Hye Jung Song, Dong Soo Kim, Dae-Sung Lee, Cha-Young Lee, Youngwoo Nam, Joon-Bum Kim and Young-Seuk Park Dispersal Patterns of Pine Wilt Disease in the Early Stage of Its Invasion in South Korea Reprinted from: Forests 2017, 8, 411, doi:10.3390/f8110411 ....................... 1 Sonsoles Gonz´alez-De Vega, Jorge de las Heras and Daniel Moya Post-Fire Regeneration and Diversity Response to Burn Severity in Pinus halepensis Mill. Forests Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 299, doi:10.3390/f9060299 ....................... 11 Arthur Guignabert, Florian Delerue, Maya Gonzalez, Laurent Augusto and Mark R. Bakker Effects of Management Practices and Topography on Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Maritime Pine during Seedling Recruitment Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 245, doi:10.3390/f9050245 ....................... 26 Kyrstan L. Hubbel, Amy L. Ross-Davis, Jeremiah R. Pinto, Owen T. Burney and Anthony S. Davis Toward Sustainable Cultivation of Pinus occidentalis Swartz in Haiti: Effects of Alternative Growing Media and Containers on Seedling Growth and Foliar Chemistry Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 422, doi:10.3390/f9070422 ....................... 43 Maurizio Marchi, Alessandro Paletto, Paolo Cantiani, Elisa Bianchetto and Isabella De Meo Comparing Thinning System Effects on Ecosystem Services Provision in Artificial Black Pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) Forests Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 188, doi:10.3390/f9040188 ....................... 57 Piotr S. Mederski, Rachele Venanzi, Mariusz Bembenek, Zbigniew Karaszewski, Martyna Rosinska, ´ Zenon Pilarek, Irene Luchenti and Michał Surus Designing Thinning Operations in 2nd Age Class Pine Stands—Economic and Environmental Implications Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 335, doi:10.3390/f9060335 ....................... 73 Fumio Nakazawa, Yoshihisa Suyama, Satoshi Imura and Hideaki Motoyama Species Identification of Pinus Pollen Found in Belukha Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains, Using a Whole-Genome Amplification Method Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 444, doi:10.3390/f9080444 ....................... 85 Rodolfo Picchio, Rachele Venanzi, Francesco Latterini, Enrico Marchi, Andrea Laschi and Angela Lo Monaco Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) Stand Management: Medium and Long Lasting Effects of Thinning on Biomass Growth Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 257, doi:10.3390/f9050257 ....................... 99 Rodolfo Picchio, Roberto Mercurio, Rachele Venanzi, Loretta Gratani, Tommaso Giallonardo, Angela Lo Monaco and Anna Rita Frattaroli Strip Clear-Cutting Application and Logging Typologies for Renaturalization of Pine Afforestation—A Case Study Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 366, doi:10.3390/f9060366 .......................116 v Dimitrios Raptis, Vassiliki Kazana, Angelos Kazaklis and Christos Stamatiou A Crown Width-Diameter Model for Natural Even-Aged Black Pine Forest Management Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 610, doi:10.3390/f9100610 .......................140 Jenni R. Roche, Fraser J. G. Mitchell, Steve Waldren and Bettina S. Stefanini Palaeoecological Evidence for Survival of Scots Pine through the Late Holocene in Western Ireland: Implications for Ecological Management Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 350, doi:10.3390/f9060350 .......................159 Janine Schweier, Raffaele Spinelli, Natascia Magagnotti, Bernhard Wolfslehner and Manfred J. Lexer Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Thinning Operations in Mediterranean Softwood Plantations Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 375, doi:10.3390/f9070375 .......................174 Ciprian Valentin Silvestru-Grigore, Florin Dinulic˘a, Gheorghe Spˆarchez, Aureliu Florin H˘al˘alis, an, Lucian Constantin Dinc˘a, Raluca Elena Enescu and Vlad Emil Cris, an Radial Growth Behavior of Pines on Romanian Degraded Lands Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 213, doi:10.3390/f9040213 .......................191 Agostina Torres, Pablo A. E. Alarc´on, Mariano A. Rodr´ıguez-Cabal and Mart´ın A. Nunez ˜ Secondary Invasions Hinder the Recovery of Native Communities after the Removal of Nonnative Pines Along a Precipitation Gradient in Patagonia Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 394, doi:10.3390/f9070394 .......................212 Emanuele Ziaco and Franco Biondi Stem Circadian Phenology of Four Pine Species in Naturally Contrasting Climates from Sky-Island Forests of the Western USA Reprinted from: Forests 2018, 9, 396, doi:10.3390/f9070396 .......................230 vi About the Special Issue Editors Rodolfo Picchio obtained a Forest Science degree and a PhD degree in Forest Mechanization from Tuscia University in Viterbo. From 2004 to 2014, he worked as a university researcher and since 2014 has been an Associate Professor in Forest Logging and Wood Technologies. Also since 2004, he has lead the ‘Forest Utilization Work Group’ at Tuscia University (DAFNE). From 2015 to 2017, he served as the president of the Master program of Forest Science “Conservation and Restoration of the Forest Environment and Soil Defense” at Tuscia University (DAFNE). He has served on the board of the PhD programs of “Science and Technologies for Forest and Environmental Management” (2005–2013) and ”Engineering for Energy and Environment” (since 2018) at Tuscia University. His fields of expertise include forest logging, forest mechanization, precision forestry, wood technologies, and the environmental impacts of wood harvesting operations. He has worked as the Italian representative in two EU COST Actions, on silviculture and biomass. Furthermore, he has co-authored 55 peer-reviewed papers in international journals indexed by WoS and Scopus, 15 technical books, and over 150 papers in technical magazines. He also works on the editorial boards of three international scientific journals covering forestry and forest engineering subjects. He is a member of two scientific societies: the Italian Society of Forest Restoration and the Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology. Roberto Mercurio graduated from the Forestry Sciences program at the University of Florence (Italy). He worked as a senior researcher from 1979 to 1993 and from 1986 to 1992 as Appointed Research Director of Biology Lab at the Experimental Institute for Silviculture. He was employed as an Associate Professor of Forest Management and Silviculture at the Mediterranean University (Reggio Calabria) from 1993, and as a Full Professor from 2001 until the end of 2011. He has taught also at Marche Polytechnic University (Ancona) and Tuscia University (Viterbo). He has served on the board of the Ph.D. program of “Science and Technologies for Forest and Environmental Management” at Tuscia University (1993–2013). From 2004 to 2009, he was the Director of the Department of Agricultural and Forest Systems Management (GESAF) at the Mediterranean University (Reggio Calabria). Furthermore, he is a member of several scientific societies: the Italian Academy of Forest Sciences, the Italian Society of Forest Restoration, and the Academy of Letters Arts and Sciences “F. Petrarca”. His areas of expertise include silviculture, forest management, and forest restoration. vii Preface to ”Ecological Management of Pine Forests” Pine forests are widespread natural forest communities, and pine trees are one of the most-used species for reforestation. Therefore, these stands have large economical, ecological, and social importance, mainly due to their resilience against the effects of climatic changes. Still, this resilience needs to be further improved. Their management attracts the interest of forest engineers, forest owners, and public opinion. As a result, management choices (preservative silvicultural treatment for pine forest or re-naturalization aimed to change forest composition and structure) may sometimes fuel arguments between different opinions in modern society. This Special Issue contains 15 original papers, some of
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